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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Phylogenetic analysis of some Hymenochaetaceae members |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Manasi Malgaonkar || Zaware B.N. || Cholke P.B. |
Abstract: The Hymenochaetaceae family of Phylum Basidiomycotina is characterized by 28 genera and 400 species to date. Phylogenetic analysis of various members of this family was attempted using morphological and molecular traits. Thirty samples belonging to Hymenochaetaceae were collected from Pune region. Morphological studies were carried out using 14 quantitative and 70 qualitative characters. Out of these, 8 quantitative characters of the 30 samples along with the same characters from previously reported genera of this family were used in Principle Component Analysis (PCA) in an attempt to group the samples in different clusters.
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[4]. Kirk, P.M. Cannon, P.F. David, J.C. and Stalpers J.A. (2001) Dictionary of The Fungi. 9th Edition, CAB International. Pp 655.
[5]. Larsen, M. J. and Cobb-Poulle, L. A. (1990) Phellinus (Hymenochaetaceae). A survey of the world taxa. Fungiflora, Oslo, Norway pp 186.
[6]. Aristóteles, G. N. Clarice, L.L. and Rosa, T. G. (2005) DNA extraction from frozen field collected and dehydrated herbarium fungal basidiomata: performance of SDS and CTAB-based methods. Biotemas 18 (2): 19 - 32, 2005.
[7]. Bruns, T.D. Fogel, R. and Taylor J.W. (1990) Amplification and sequencing of DNA from fungal herbarium specimens. Mycologia 82: 175-184.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial potential of Philonotis hastata (Duby) Wijk & Margad. |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Makinde, A. M. || Salawu A. Adebola || Isa, M. O |
Abstract: The present study was carried with a view to investigating the phytochemical constituents and the antimicrobial potentials of acetone and ethanol extracts of Philonotis hastata. The moss plant was collected from the Obafemi Awolowo University Campus, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The extracts were procured using acetone and ethanol separately. The extracts were screened for the presence of some secondary metabolites and the antimicrobial potentials tested against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans using standard methods.
[1] Gradstein, S. R., Churchill S. P., and Salazar Allen N., Guide to the Bryophytes of Tropical America, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 86, 2001, 1-577.
[2] Akande A. O., A description of and provisional key to some mosses in Ondo State of Nigeria, Nig. J. Bot. 5, 1992, 145-160.
[3] Frahm, J. P., Recent development in commercial products from bryophytes, The Bryologist 107, 2004, 227-283. [4] Xie C. F. and H. X. Lou, Secondary metabolites in bryophytes: An ecological aspect, Chem. Biodivers. 6, 2009, 303-312.
[5] Harris E. S. J., Ethnobryology: Traditional uses and folk classification of bryophytes, Bryologist. 111, 2008, 169-217.
[6] Pants G, and Tewari S. D., Bryophytes and Mankind, Ethnobotany. 2, 1990, 97-103.
[7] Khanam Rubina, Chaudhary B. L., Khanam Shabana and Pen Kumar, Antimicrobial activity of Marchantia palmata Nee, Asian J. Biochem Pharm Res. 2(1), 2011, 27-36.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Preparation and characterization of Spironolactone loaded chitosan – based dry powder: local delivery in pulmonary arterial hypertension via inhalation |
| Country | : | Iraq |
| Authors | : | AA Yas |
Abstract: Spironolactone (SL), an aldosterone antagonism being proved by Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study (RALES) combines with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors to decrease pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) mortality and improve the clinical outcomes. This work represents the employment of a 53 central composite design (CCD) for developing a dry powder for inhalation (DPI) containing SL prepared via a sieving method utilizing cross-linked chitosan (CS) with glutaraldehyde (GA) as the carrier. The optimized SL loaded microparticles (OSLM) powder angle of repose (AOR, Y1), geometric standard diameter (GSD, Y2), fine particle fraction (FPF, Y3) and mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD, Y4) responses were optimized after studying the influence of the formulation variables that were CS (X1), acetic acid (AA, X2) and GA (X3). The OSLM was further evaluated on the basis of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis and drug release kinetic model and mechanism. It was found that Y1 increase upon X1 increment only, Y2 increase rely on X1 and X2 combined increment, Y3 will increase upon X1 increment up to a certain point after which there will be a decline in the aerosolization performance, whereas Y4 is more significantly influenced by the X2. XRPD reveal that SL existence is in the amorphous state and homogenously dispersed within the microparticles and the FTIR indicates no physicochemical interaction take place between SL and the carrier. The in vitro release was obeying Korsmeyer-Peppas model, whereas the release mechanism was Fickian diffusion. This approach provides a mean for successful pulmonary delivery of SL in the treatment of PAH.
Keywords: pulmonary arterial hypertension, spironolactone, dry powder inhalation, central composite design, cross-linked chitosan microparticles.
[1] Hoeper MM, Gibbs SR. The Changing Landscape of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Implications for Patient Care. European Respiratory Review 2014; 23(134): 450 – 457.
[2] Lai YC, Potoka KC, Champion HC, Mora AL, Gladwin MT. Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: The Clinical Syndrome. Circulation Research 2014; 115: 115 – 130.
[3] Ryan JJ, Archer SL. The Right Ventricle in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Disorders of Metabolism, Angiogenesis and Adrenergic Signaling in Right Ventricular Failure. Circulation Research 2014; 115: 176 – 188.
[4] Maron BA, Leopold JA. The Role of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in the Pathobiology of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (2013 Grover Conference series). Pulmonary Circulation 2014; 4(2): 200 – 210.
[5] Elinoff JM, Rame JE, Forfia PR, Hall MK, Sun J, Gharib AM, Abd-Elmoniem K, Graninger G, Harper B, Danner RL, Solomon MA. A Pilot Study of the Effect of Spironolactone Therapy on Exercise Capacity and Endothelial Dysfunction in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. Trial Journal 2013; 14: 2 – 16.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Lipid Profile and the Growing Concern on Lipid Related Diseases |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Onwe PE * || Folawiyo MA. || Okike PI. || Balogun ME. || Umahi G. || Besong EE. || Okorocha AE || Afoke AO |
Abstract: The lipids can be classified as Total Cholesterol (TC) and its derivatives such as; Triglycerides (TAG), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol. Lipids are insoluble in water but are soluble in alcohol and other solvents. Hence, they are transported around the body as lipoproteins. Lipids originate from two sources: endogenous lipids, synthesized in the liver, and exogenous lipids, which are ingested and absorbed in the intestine. Approximately 7% of body's cholesterol circulates in plasma in the form of low density lipoproteins (LDL) and it is well known that he level of plasma cholesterol is influenced by its synthesis and catabolism in which liver plays a crucial role (Robbins and Cotran, 2004).A lipid profile or lipid panel is a panel of blood tests that serves as an initial broad medical screening tool for abnormalities in lipids, such as cholesterol and triglyceride.
[1]. Ahmed SM, Clasen MD, Donnelly. MD (1998): Management of Dyslipidemia in Adults. Amer, Family Physician; 57:1-16.
[2]. Amit G, Vandana S, Sidharth M (2011). Hyperlipidemia: An Updated Review. Inter J of Biopharma & Toxicol Res; 1:81-89.
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[5]. Hyperlipidemia- a Deadly Pathological Condition. Inter J Curr Pharma Res; 4:15-18
[6]. Barbara G Wells, Joseph T DiPiro, Terry L Schwinghammer, Cindy Hamilton (2005). Pharmacotherapy Handbook, 6th ed .McGraw-Hill publications. p. 89
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Extracts of Moringa oleifera a sure bet for Hyperlipidemia management |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Onwe P.E. || Folawiyo M. A. || Anyigor-Ogah C. S. || Uche J. E. || Balogun M. E. || Umahi G. || Besong E. E. || Okorocha A. E. || Afoke A.O. |
Abstract: In recent decades, cardiovascular diseases have emerged as major cause of morbidity and mortality in many countries. Hyperlipidemia, a condition characterized by elevation of any or all lipid profile in the blood, notably dyslipidemia has been a growing concern. Its remedies are very expensive, associated with side effects and not readily accessible unlike herbal remedies. Moringa oleifera has become a popular herb in the community yet there is insufficient scientific evidence to explain the mechanism of action and validate its apparent uses and efficacy.
1]. Akinkugbe O, Epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in developing countries. Journal of Hypertension, 1990. 8: p. 233-238.
[2]. Hughes E and Bradly J, Complementary and Alternative medicine, in Current medical Diagnosis and treatment, Tierney L et al, Editor. 2004.
[3]. Jula A, et al., Effects of diet and simvastatin on serum lipids, insulin, and antioxidants in hypercholesterolemic men. A randomized conrolled trial. JAMA, 2002. 287(5): p. 598-605.
[4]. Tilburt JC and Kaptchuk TJ, Herbal medicine research and global health: an ethical analysis, in Bulletin of the World Health Organisation2008. p. 577-656.
[5]. Abdulrahman FI, et al., Effect of Aqueous Root-Bark Extract of Vitex Domina Sweet on Hematological Parameters in Rats. J. Am. Sci., 2000. 6: p. 8-12.
[6]. Ugwu Okechukwu P.C., Nwodo Okwesili F.C., Joshua Parker E., Odo Christian E. and Ossai Emmanuel C. (2013). Effect of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Moringa Oleifera on Lipid Profile of Mice. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, 4(1):1324-1332.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Phytochemical and Gas Chromatograpy-Mass Spectrophotometeric (GC-MS) Analyses of Vitex doniana Leaf from Abakaliki, Ebonyi State. |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | O. L. Nweke || N. Nwachukwu || P. M. Aja || K. N. Agbafor || A. C. Nwaka || R. Uchenna Ezeilo |
Abstract: The phytochemical and GC-MS analyses of Vitex doniana leaf were carried out by standard methods. The results of the phytochemical constituents showed that alkaloids had the highest concentration of (491.13±5.09%) in the sample while other phytochemical constituents determined were tannins, total phenol, glycoside, flavonoids and saponins (4.81±0.047%) being the least in leaf of Vitex doniana. Ten (10) GC-MS constituents were also identified in methanol leaf extract of Vitex doniana with 6-Octadecenoic acid (24.19%) as the major and 1-tridecyne (2.4%) as the least constituents respectively. These relatively diverse phytochemicals and GC-MS constituents may be responsible for the medicinal properties of Vitex doniana.
Key words: Vitex doniana leaf, Phytochemicals, screening, GC/MS constituents
[1]. Abdu-Aguye, I. (1997). Medicinal Herbal Research in West Africa. Annual Regional Conference Society of Pharmacognosy, Usman Danfodio University, Sokoto, Nigeria, 22-25.
[2]. Aja, P. M., Okaka, A. N. C., Onu, P. N., Ibiam, U. A., and Uraku, A. J., (2010). Phytochemical Composition of Talinum triangulare (Water Leaf) Leaves, Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 9(6):527-530
[3]. Aja, P. M., Nwachukwu, N., Ibiam, U. A., Igwenyi, I. O., Offor, C. E and Orji, U. O. (2014). Chemical Constituents of Moringa oleifera Leaves and Seeds from Abakaliki, Nigeria, American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics 2(3):310-321.
[4]. Anwar, F., Latif, S., Asharf, M and Gilani, A. H. (2007). Moringa olerifera: A food plant with multiple medicinal uses. Phytotherapy Research, 2007; 21: 17-25.
[5]. Atawodi, S. E., Bulus, T, Ibrahim, S, Ameh, D. A., Nok, A. J., Mamman, M., and Galadima, M.(2003). In vitro trypanocidal effect of methanolic extract of some Nigerian Savannah plants. Africa Journal of Biochemistry, 2(9):317-321.
[6]. Chan, K. F., Eze, C. A., Emuelosi, C. E and Esiimone, C. O (2006). Antibacterial and wound healing properties of methanolic extracts of some Nigerian Medicinal Plants. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 104:164-167.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | The use of internet ready mobile phones for teaching and learning in undergraduate Biology classrooms |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Nuru, AsabeRamatu |
Abstract:As a result of the development and spread of cheaper and more user-friendly computer technology and software (e.g., portable computers, Microsoft Word etc), the use of the Internet has increased dramatically.Nigeria's Internet penetration, student-computer ratio, bandwidth size and unreliable electricity supply constitute banes to the appropriate use of ICTs for teaching and learning in Nigeria. With the development of data communication infrastructure, users of mobile phones and tablet computers are able to access the internet anywhere in the world where there is mobile phone coverage or a Wi-Fi access point. This capability can make mobile phones ideal tools to not only deliver mobile-learning contents, but to ask students to interact with their teachers and peers.Contemporary University Education is information and communication technology driven and its objective is to educate its students using ICTs and teaching techniques that would enable its graduates become flexible learners that can easily adapt to the changing socio-cultural, technological and economic environment of the information society.
[1]. Bichi, S.S. (2002): Effects of Problem Solving Strategy and Enriched Curriculum on Students achievement in Evolution Concepts among Secondary School Students. An unpublished PhD Dissertation, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
[2]. Castells, M., Fernández-Ardèvol, M., Qiu, J. L., &Sey, A. (2007): Mobile communication and society: A global perspective (Information Revolution and Global Politics). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
[3]. Chinwe,N.M. (2009): effect of teacher – student interaction on academic performance among integrated Science students of different class size and ability groups. An unpublished PhD Dissertation, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
[4]. Dale,C., &Povey, G. (2009): An evaluation of learner-generated content and podcasting. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport and Tourism, 8(1), 117-123.
[5]. Donner, J; Gitau, S. and Marsden, G.( 2011): Exploring Mobile-only Internet Use: Results of a Training Study in Urban South Africa. International Journal of Communication 5 (2011), 574–597.http://ijoc.org
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Observation on the Ultrastructural Alternations in Ova of Leiognathus equulus. (Perciformes) from AL-Shabab Lagoon, in Jeddah Province |
| Country | : | Saudi Arabia |
| Authors | : | Moharram, S. G. || Rabah, S.O || Al-Ghorair, A. F. |
Abstract: The common ponyfish Leiognathus equulus was caught from the Red Sea and Al-Shabab lagoon. This study was carried out to investigate the ultrastructure alternations induced by the Al-Shabab lagoon pollutants in Leiognathus equulus ova chorion. The fine structure of the chorion of non-polluted and polluted mature unfertilized egg was examined respectively. The chorion of fish ova caught from Red Sea consists of three layers: theca, granulosa and zona radiata which separated into two layers external and internal zona radiata consisting of 6 lamellae. The outer surface of the egg was granulated. The micropyle is simple. While, fish caught from Al-shabab lagoon shows variable deformations in egg including deterioration and degeneration of zona radiata, hypertrophy of both theca and granulosa layers with deformed and shrinkage nuclei and increased number of mitochondria.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Species composition and distribution of Freshwater diatoms from Upper Dilimi River, Jos, Nigeria |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | A.D Ali || A.G Ezra || SD Abdul |
Abstract: As component of an exhaustive investigation on the ecological studies of diatom communities of River Dilimiin Jos, the spatio-temporal variation of four different diatom communities was investigated.As a derivative of these studies, a comprehensive compilation was made of the diatomflora of the upper mainstream channel of the river. Two hundred and nine (198 pennate and 11 centric) diatom speciesbelonging to twenty five families and forty genera were recorded. The genera most represented belong to Pinnularia (26 taxa), Gomphonema (26 taxa), Cymbella (21 taxa), Navicula (19 taxa) and Eunotia (14 taxa). Gomphonema parvulum (Kutz.) Grunow, Nitzschia palea (Kütz.) Smith, Navicula arvensis and Cymbella minuta Bleisch ex Rabh Husted were the most noticeable diatoms with respect to both frequency of occurrence and relative abundance across samples.
Keywords:Algae, Checklist, Diatoms, River Dilimi, Jos.
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[5] Opute, F. I. (1991). A checklist of the freshwater, brackish and marine phytoplankton of the Warri-Forcados estuaries of southern Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Botany 4: 227 – 254
[6] Nwankwo, D.I. & Jaiyeola, M.A. (2000). Surface diatoms of Lagos Lagoon beach, Nigeria. Journal of Aquatic Sciences 16: 35-38.
[7] Nwankwo, D.I., Onyema, I.C., Adesalu, T.A., Olabode, R.J., Osiegbu, G.O.& Owoseni, T.I. (2003). Additions to a preliminary check‐list of planktonic algae in Lagos lagoon, Nigeria. Journal of Science Technology and Environment 3(1): 8-12.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Application of chromogen culture media and PCR for detection of E.coli O157:H7 and flicH7, rfbO157Genes respectively in Humans and Dogs isolates |
| Country | : | Iraq |
| Authors | : | Waffa Abdul- Elah Ahmed || Mohammed najmaldeen zainulabdeen Al-biaty MSc |
Abstract: EnterohemorrhagicE.coli (EHEC) O157:H7 is ahuman pathogen responsible for outbreak of bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome worldwide polymerase chain reaction was used to investigate the genotypic properties and genetic relationship between E.coli O157:H7 obtained from diarreheal humans and dogs cases in Iraq. 88 (88%) E.coli isolates were isolated from 100 stool sample of humans and 86 (86%) isolates from 100 fecal samples of dogs by conventional methods (culture, biochemical tests and chrom agar). A total of 174 E.coli isolate from human and dog were subjected to PCR to detect the flicH7 gene and rfbO157 gene by amplifying a 625-bp region for flicH7 and a259 bp region for rfbO157 gene using the same primers. Results showed that, 4(4.5 %) and 4 (4.7 %) isolates from humans and dogs respectively give positive product for flicH7 gene and rfbO157 gene respectively. These results suggested that, there is a genetic relationship
Keyword: E. coli O157:H7, flicH7gene, rfbO157gene, zoonosis, K9 dogs
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Physicochemical, phytochemical and biological study of Melissa officinalis growing naturally in Kurdistan Region\Iraq: Comparative study |
| Country | : | Iraq |
| Authors | : | Lana Yousif Mutalib |
Abstract: Crude drug evaluation method is a systematic process for herbal remedies quality control. The study was aimed to evaluate different parts of Melissa officinalis plant from variant points. Leaf and stem of plant have been assessed from physicochemical, qualitative phytochemical and biological parameters to find out the valuable medicinal plant part. Leaf part of plant expressed it is importance as medicinal part of plant form tested parameters. Leaf part showed higher number of phytochemical constituents, ethanolic extract exhibited antibacterial activity against two strains of evaluated bacterial species Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and clinically isolated species Klebsiella spp. while all other bacteria showed resistance for other extracts obtained from both parts.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Lipid profile and haematological effects of ethanolic leaf extract of Gongronema latifolium Benth. against acetaminophen-induced toxicity in albino rats |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Chinedu Imo || Friday O. Uhegbu || Ify Elekwa || Nkeiruka Glory Ifeanacho || Ugochukwu Charles Solomon |
Abstract: We examined the lipid profile and haematological effects of ethanolic leaf extract of Gongronema latifolium against acetaminophen-induced toxicity in albino rats. The serum concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein were determined using auto-analizer, while the haematological parameters: RBC, WBC, Hb and PCV were analyzed using haematological auto-analizer. The haematological parameters reduced in the group administered acetaminophen only, but increased significantly (p<0.05) in all groups administered the leaf extract compared with the negative control.
[1] M. Deepa and D. Renuka, Potential Anti-Inflammatory Medicinal Plants- A Review, Int. J. Pharm. and Pharmaceutical Sci., 6(4), 2014, 43-49.
[2] A.K. Tiwari and M. Roa, Diabetes mellitus and multiple therapeutic approaches of phytochemical. Present status and future prospects, Curr. Sci., 83, 2002, 30-38.
[3] N.H. Ugochukwu, N.E. Babady, M. Cobourne and S.R. Gasset, The effect of Gongronema latifolium extracts on serum lipid profile and oxidative stress in hepatocytes of diabetic rats, J. Biosci., 20(1), 2003, 1-5.
[4] C. Imo, F.O. Uhegbu, C.K. Imo and N.G. Ifeanacho, Ameliorating effect and haematological activities of methanolic leaf extract of Gongronema latifolium in acetaminophen-induced hepatic toxicity in wistar albino rats, Int. J. of Biosci., 3 (11), 2013, 183-188.
[5] G.E. Egbung, I.J. Atangwho, I.A. Iwara and U.E. Eyong, Micronutrient and phyto-chemical composition of root bark and twig extracts of Gongronema latifolium, J. Med. and Medical Sci., 2(11), 2011, 1185-1188.
[6] G.Y. Yeh, D.M. Eisenberg, T.J. Kaptcuk and R.S. Philips, System review of herbs and dietary supplements for glycaemic control in diabetes, Diab. Care, 26(4), 2003, 1277-1294.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | A potential diagnostic problem: The Newly Emerging mecC Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains |
| Country | : | NIGERIA |
| Authors | : | Kumurya, A. S |
Abstract: Background: Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has been known for just over 50 years, and it poses a serious problem for infection prevention and control and antibiotic treatment globally. In MRSA, resistance against almost all beta-lactam compounds in clinical use is caused by the expression of an alternate penicillin-binding protein (PBP2a) that is encoded by the mecA gene.
[1]. Lowy, F. D. (1998). Staphylococcus aureus infection. New England Journal of Medicine 339:520-532. [2]. Boyce, J.M. (1997). Epidemiology and prevention of nosocomial infections. In: The Staphylococci in human disease. Edited by Crosslay KB and Archer AL Churchill Livingston, New York. pp. 309-329.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Review on Current Trends in the Management of AcuteSTEMI |
| Country | : | Malaysia |
| Authors | : | Palanisamy Sivanandy |
Abstract: The most severe form of Acute Coronary Syndrome is undoubtedly ST elevation myocardial infarction which requires immediate therapy. STEMI contributes approximately 25% to 40 % of Myocardial Infarction presentation. After completion of fibrinolysis, antithrombus agent such as low molecular weight heparin for instance enoxaparin, unfractionated heparin, reviparin or fondaparinux is given immediately for 48 hours. Prasugrel and ticagrelor are introduced recently and are more favoured for STEMI since STEMI is a highly pre-thrombic state where platelets are activated extensively. Early initiation of tirofiban together with clopidogrel, the clinical outcome in STEMI patients after primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention had significantly improved. Tenecteplase is preferred over streptokinase due to its specific and fast onset which can achieve more rapid reperfusion of the occluded artery. A combined approach with antiplatelet and or anticoagulants with other lipid lowering agents and antihypertensive are warranted in the management of acute STEMI. Keywords:Acute coronary syndrome; Myocardial infarction; Percutaneous coronary intervention; Antiplatelet; Fibrinolytic therapy.
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