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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Studies on Prevalence of Ixodid Ticks Infesting Cattle and Their Control by Plant Extracts |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Dilpreet kaur, Kamal Jaiswal || Suman Mishra |
Abstract:The present study was conducted to investigate the occurrence of ticks on cattle. The survey was carried out between April, 2014 to March 2015 period at various locations in Lucknow, U.P, India. A total of 2150 cattle were examined on random basis throughout the year, out of which 1262 cattle were found infested with ticks. The overall prevalence of tick infestation in cattle was observed 58.6%. On seasonal investigation, highest tick infestation was found in rainy season (68.08%) followed by summer (59.85 %) and winter (48.70%). Overall highest percentage of tick infestations was observed in animals < 1 years (77.1%). A higher prevalence was observed in female cattle (63.63%) than males (50.84%). On the basis of morphological studies, the ticks identified are Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and Hemaphysalis bispinosa out of which the R.B. microplus was highly abundant.
[1]. A.Bagavan, C. Kamaraj, G. Elango, A Abduz Zahir, A Abdul Rahumann (2009) Adulticidal and
larvicidal efficacy of some medicinal plant extracts against ticks, flukes and mosquitoes. 0304-4017
[2]. Abdel-Shafy , S. & Zayed , A.A. (2002). In vitro acaricidal effect of plant extract of neem seed oil
(Azardiracta indica) on egg. Immature and adult stages of Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum. 2006)
Anticoccidial screening of Azadirachta indica (neem plant) in broilers. Vetenary Parasitology 106:89-96
[3]. Ali, S. Z. and Singh, R. P. (2013). Observation on the Prevalance of Habitat of Full-Fed Ixodid Ticks in
Azamgarh District Of Eastern Uttar Pradesh Indian J.Sci.Res. 4(2) : 193-194, 2013.
[4]. Atif, F.A., Khan,M.S., Iqbal, H.J., Ali, Z, Ullah, S. (2012). Prevalence of cattle tick infestation in three
districts of the Punjab, Pakistan. Pak J Sci;64:49.
[5]. Benavides, O.E., Hernández,M.G. ,Romero,N.A., Castro,A.H., Rodríguez, B.J.L., (2001).Evaluation ón
preliminary de extractos del Neem (Azadirachta indica), como alternative parael control de la garrapata
del ganado Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae).Rev.Colom.Entomol.27, 1–8.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Review Article on Ehler Danlos Syndrome Type IV |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | D.Tagoorevijayalakshmi || K.Varoodha || K.Asha |
Abstract: Ehlers- Danlos syndrome (EDS) type IV is also called as vascular type of Ehlers- Danlos syndrome. It is an inherited connective disorder characterized by facial features .Prevalence rate is 1/25000 and equal in both women and men. Complications of the EDS are observed like vascular, digestive and uterine. Pregnancy increases the risk of vascular and uterine complications. EDS type IV is caused by mutations in the COL3A1 gene coding for type III pro-collagen. In children complications are rare. Diagnosis based on clinical signs and identification of mutations in the COL3A1 gene. There is no specific treatment for Ehlers- Danlos syndrome (EDS) type IV.Treatment based on the symptoms.A brief discussion on effect of celiprolol on prevention of cardiovascular events that occurs in Ehlers- Danlos syndrome (EDS) type IV
[1]. Pepin M, Schwarze U, Superti-Furga A, Byers PH. Clinical and genetic features of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV, the vascular type. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:673–680. doi: 10.1056/NEJM200003093421001. [PubMed] [Cross Ref] [2]. Byers PH. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV: a genetic disorder in many guises. J Invest Dermatol.1995;105:311–313. doi: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12319926. [PubMed] [Cross Ref] [3]. www.medscape.com [4]. www.healthline.com [5]. Pepin, M, Schwarze, U, Superti-Furga, A et al. Clinical and genetic features of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV, the vascular type. N Engl J Med. 2000; 342: 673–680PubMed
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Formulation and In-Vitro Evaluation of Fluconazole Loaded Microsponge Gel For Topical Sustained Delivery |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | S. Dineshmohan || V.R.M. Gupta |
Abstract:The objective of present work was to formulate and evaluate Fluconazole (FLZ) microsponges using quasi emulsion solvent diffusion technique and microsponge gel by using carbopol. Microsponges containing FLZ were obtained successfully with different proportions of ethyl cellulose polymer (EC). The formulations were studied for particle size and physical characterization. The physical characterization of the microsponge formulations showed better loading efficiency and production yield. The formulations were prepared as gel in 0.5%w/w carbopol and studied for pH, viscosity, spreadability, drug content, and in vitro release.
[1] S. Nacht and M. Kantz, A Novel Topical Programmable Delivery System, Topical Drug Delivery Systems, (1992); 15(42): 299-
325.
[2] V.Jain, D.Jain and R.Singh Factors affecting the morphology of eudragit S-100 based microsponges bearing dicyclomine for
colonic delivery. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:1545–52.
[3] Namrata Jadhav, Vruti Patel, Siddhesh Mungekar, Manisha Karpe, Vilasrao Kadam, Microsponge delivery system: an updated
review, current status and future prospects, World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Volume 2, Issue 6, 6463-
6485.
[4] SP Vyas, RK Khar. Targeted & Controlled Drug Delivery (CBS Publication, Delhi, 2002).
[5] Gennaro AR. Remington: The science and practice of pharmacy. 20th ed. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2000. p.
1552.
[6] Sweetman SC. Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference. 34th ed. The Pharmaceutical Press, London; 2005. p. 372.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Detection of the Antibacterial Activity of Bioactive Peptide Isolated from Fermented Buffalo Milk in vitro |
| Country | : | Iraq |
| Authors | : | Moshtaq Talip Hussein || Eman M. Jarallah || Abuallah Khadum Hindi |
Abstract: The present study aims to prepare fermented buffalo milk rich with low molecular weight peptides by using a mixture of lactic acid starters. Skim milk sample was inoculated with 5% of the starter. The growing number of starter and anti-bacterial activity were studied after 24 hours of incubation. Protein and peptide concentration were determined before and after fermentation, then biological active peptides were isolated or separated and purified by gel filtration column of Sephadex G25. Finally antibacterial activity of isolated peptides was study in vitro. The results of chemical analysis of fresh and fermented milk showed that the concentration of protein were 0.817mg/ml and 0.501mg/ml before and after fermentation, respectively either peptide concentration were 0.4mg/ml before fermentation and 0.805mg/ml and after fermentation.
[1]. Abdel-Rahman , I. E.;Dirar, H. A. and Osman, M. A. (2009).Microbiological and biochemical changes and sensory evaluation of camel milk fermented by selected bacterial starter cultures. African Journals of food Sciences. 12:398-405.
[2]. Al-Saleh, A. A.; and and Hammed,Y. A. (1990). Buffering capacity of camel milk. Journal of Food Sciences, 20:85-97.Kebchaoui J (2012). Le lait composition et propriétés. Coopérations universitaire 2012 -2013 entre la faculté polydiscplinaire de Taroudant (MAROC) et l'enil de Besancon mamirolle région Franche compte (France). ENIL.Mamirolle (25620) : 1 – 4.
[3]. Bradford MM, A (1976).rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding, Anal Biochem, 72, 248–254
[4]. Cross M.L., Gill H.S. (2000). Immunomodulatory properties of milk. Br J Nutr; 84 Suppl 1: S81-S89.
[5]. Fox, P. F. (2001). Milk proteins as food ingredients. International Journal of Dairy Technology, 54, 41-55.
[6]. Fox, P. F. (2009). Milk: an overview. Pages 1-54 in Milk proteins: from expression to food. A.Thompson, M. Boland, and H. Singh, eds. Elsevier Inc., Burlington, MA, US.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Ethnomedicinal plants used to cure skin diseases by tribals of Mahabubnagar district, Telangana state |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | S Balaraju || N Ramamurthy || Anand Konkala || S Suresh |
Abstract: An ethnobotanical survey was conducted to gather the information about utilization of plant resources for treatment of skin diseases in tribal habitations of Mahabubnagar district. The information on the utilization of the medicinal plants for the treatment of skin diseases was collected on the basis of personal interviews with traditional healers. The aim of the study is not only to prescribe remedies for skin diseases in human beings but also to draw attention for the need towards a detailed study on medicinal plants in this area which could provide novel remedies /leads for other dreadful diseases. In the present paper 21 plant species belongs to 15 different families were used to treat in skin diseases have been enumerated with botanical name, vernacular name, families, used parts and mode of treatment.
Key words: Ethnomedicine, Eczema, Swellings, Psoriasis, Leaves, Mahabubnagar
[1]. M. Gadgil, Documenting diversity: An experiment, Curr Sci, 70(1), 1996, 36.
[2]. H.R. Ojha, Current policy issues in NTFP development in Nepal, (Asia Network for Small Scale Bio-resources, Kathmandu, Nepal), 2000.
[3]. J.K.Maheswari, Development in ethnobotany editorials, J Econ Tax Bot, 4(1), 1983, 1-4.
[4]. S.K. Jain, A manual of ethnobotany: Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur, India, 1987.
[5]. K. Sullivan and C.L. Shealy, Complete natural home remedies: Element books limited, Shaftsbury, UK, 1997.
[6]. J.S. Singh, 2002. The biodiversity crisis: A multiplication review. Current Science, 82(6),638.
[7]. E. Lev, Ethno-diversity within current Ethno-pharmacology as part of Israeli traditional medicine- A review. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedecine, 2006.,2-4.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Toxidermie à la métformine: à propos d'un cas Drug eruption associated with metformin: A case report |
| Country | : | Marocco |
| Authors | : | I.Damoune, M. Rchachi || H. El Ouahabi, Y. Khabbal || F.Ajdi |
Abstract: La métformine est un antidiabétique oral de la famille des biguanides. Les effets indésirables cutanés de ce médicament sont rares. Nous rapportons un cas de toxidermie à la métformine chez une patiente traitée pour un diabète type 2 qui a présenté 3 jours après l'introduction de la métformine une éruption prurigineuse faite d'un exanthème maculeux qui a régressé deux semaines après l'arrêt de la métformine avec réintroduction positive.
[1]. Burger DE, Goyal S. Erythema multiforme from metformin. Annals of pharmacotherapy 2004; 38:1537. [2]. Rafet Koca, H Cevdet Altinyazar, Sibel Yenidunya, Nilgun Sodak Tekin. Psoriasiform drug eruption associated with metformin hydrochloride: A case report. Dermatology 2003;9:11. [3]. Sarrah Kastalli, Sihem El Aïdli, Amel Chaabane, Radhia Amrani, Riadh Daghfous, Chalbi Belkahia. Photosensitivity induced by metformin : a report of 3 cases. La Tunisie Médicale - 2009 ; Vol 87 ( n°010 ) : 703 – 705 [4]. Azzam H, Bergman R, Friedman R. Lichen planus associated with metformin. Dermatology 1997; 194:376.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Phytochemical Analysis of some Macrophytes of Lake Kondakarla, Visakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Chandrakala .K , Jyothi .K || Mohan Narasimha Rao.G |
Abstract: Phytochemicals are secondary metabolites produced by all plants which has medicinal uses. The phytochemical analysis of leaf extracts in aqueous, ether and chloroform extracts of indigenous medicinally important plants of Marselia quadrifolia, Trapa natans, Ipomoea aquatica,eichornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes, Nymphaea nouchalli, Aponogeton natans, Nelumbo nucifera, Hydrilla verticillata and Typha angustifolia were investigated. Quantitative phytochemical analysis was done for the presence of bioactive constituents such as phenols, saponins and flavonoids using standard methods.
[1]. Ali, S.S., Kasoju, N., Luthra, A., Singh, A., Sharanabasava, H., Sahuand, A., Bora, U. 2008. Indian medicinal herbs as source of antioxidants. Food Res. Int., 41: 1-15.
[2]. Ambasta, S. P., The useful Plants of India, (Publication & Information Directorate. 1992)
[3]. Anonymous.,.The Wealth of India- Raw Materials, Vol. I – XI. (Publication and Information Directorate, New Delhi. 1948-1976).
[4]. Baquar SR. Medicinal and Poisonous plants of Pakistan (Printas Karachi, Pakistan. 1989)
[5]. Criagg, G.M., David, J.N. 2001. Natural product drug discovery in the next millennium. J. Pharm. Biol., 39: 8-17.
[6]. Chopra, R. N., Nayar, S. L and I. C. Chopra., . Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants, (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi. CSIR, New Delhi. 1956) .
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Comparative evaluation of pricking pain response, behavioural response, heart rate and blood pressure response to prilido cream and lignocad gel prior to local anesthesia administration in children |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Dr. Pawan Joshi || Dr. Sudhindra Baliga || Dr. Nilesh Rathi || Dr. Nilima Thosar |
Abstract: Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual and potential damage. Local anesthesia is an important procedure for the control of pain and discomfort during dental treatment but fear associated with local anesthesia injection has been reported to be a factor especially in children prior to dental treatment. It is necessary to seek alternatives to reduce discomfort during administration of local anesthesia in children. So the aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of topical anesthetics, prilido cream and 2% lignocad gel prior to administration of nerve blocks and infiltrations in children.
1]. Wu SJ, Julliard K, Children‟s Preference of Benzocaine Gel Versus the Lidocaine Patch, Pediatric Dentistry, 25(4), 2003, 401-05.
[2]. Sixou JL, Marie-Cousin A, Huet A, Hingant B, Robert JC, Pain assessment by children and adolescents during intraosseous anaesthesia using a computerized system, Int J Paediatr Dent, 19(5), 2009, 360-6.
[3]. Kaufman E, Epstein JB, Naveh E, Gorsky M, Gross A, Cohen G, A Survey of pain, pressure, and discomfort induced by commonly used oral local anesthesia injections, Anesth Prog, 52(4), 2005, 122-7.
[4]. Nayak R, Sudha P, Evaluation of three topical anesthetic agents against pain: A clinical study, Indian Journal of Dental Research, 17(4), 2006, 155-60.
[5]. American Academy on Pediatric Dentistry Council on Clinical Affairs. Guideline on appropriate use of local anesthesia for pediatric dental patients, Pediatr Dent, 30(7), 2008-2009, 134-9.
[6]. Aminabadi NA, Farahani RM, Oskouei SG, Site-specificity of pain sensitivity to intraoral anesthetic injections in children, J Oral Sci, 51(2), 2009, 239-43.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Application of GC-MS in Quantitative Analysis of Some Carminative Syrups |
| Country | : | Egypt |
| Authors | : | Mokhtar M. Bishr || Mohamed A. El-Degwy || Mohamed A. Amin || Mohamed H.Mourad |
Abstract: Gas chromatographic analysis was applied for the quantitative estimation of the essential oil(s) present in some carminative syrups in the Egyptian market. Depending on the fact that each essential oil has its unique component(s);the unique component was used as a marker compound in the quantitative determination of such oil. A calibration curve for each standard material was constructed to be used in these analyses. Thymol(r2=0.9981) for Thyme;R-(-)-Carvone(r2= 0.9991)for Caraway or Dill separately;Cinnamaldehyde(r2 =0.9998) for Cinnamon; Trans-Anethole (r2= 0.9988) for Fennel;(±)Menthol (r2=0.9988) for Peppermint;1,8-Cineol(r2=0.9980) for Cardamom or Eucalyptus separately;(-)-α-Bisabolol(r2=0.9984) for Chamomile and R-(+)-Limonene(r2=0.9967) for Lemon oil.
[1]. Gobel H et al. Effect of peppermint and eucalyptus oil preparations on neuro-physiological and experimental algesimetric headache parameters. Cephalgia, 1994; 14:228-234.
[2]. Valeria R., Maria L., and Diana I. Chemical Composition of the Volatile Oil from different plant parts of Antheumgraveolens L. cultivated in Romania, Farmacia, 2010; Vol. 58, (5): 594-600.
[3]. Ana C., Adrian S., Monica H., Auca M., Violeta F., Vasile D. and Ursula S. The Chemical properties of essential oils obtained from fennel fruits (Foeniculumvulgare Mill), Farmacia, 2010, Vol. 58, (1): 46 – 53.
[4]. Dalvi SS et al. Effect of peppermint oil on gastric emptying in man: a preliminary study using a radiolabelled solid test meal. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 1991, 35:212–214.
[5]. Sakai K et al. Effect of extracts of Zingiberaceae herbs on gastric secretion in rabbits. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 1989; 37: 215-217.
[6]. Mahady GB et al. In vitro susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori to botanicals used traditionally for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. Phytotherapy Research, 2005; 19:988-991.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Automated Detection of Optic Disc in Retinal FundusImages Using PCA |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Sangramsing Kayte || Raju Maher || Dr.Charansing Kayte |
Abstract: An automatic system is presented to find the locationof optic disc andit is a major landmark for the detection of other anatomic features and the macula. These localizationare found by principal component analysis to the image,that contains each structure.The detection of optic disc in colour retinal photograph is a significant task in an automated retinal image analysis system. It is a challenging task to detect optic disc in the normal as well as abnormal, that is, images affected due to disease. This paper presents an automated system to detect an optic disc and its center in normal and abnormal retinal images. The proposed algorithm gives excellent results of optic disc detection.
[1] Siddalingaswamy C , Gopalakrishnarabhu K , "Automatic localization and boundary detection of optic disc using implicit active contours", Internation Journal of Computer Applications, vol. 1, no. 7, pp. 1-5, 2010.
[2] Michael D. Abramoff, MeindertNiemeijer, "The automatic detection of the optic disc location in retinal images using optic disc location regression", Confroc IEEEEng Med BiolSoc , 1: pp 44 2- 4435, 2006.
[3] Jaspreet Kaur, Dr Sinha, "Automated localization of optic disc and macula from fundus images", International Journal of AdvancedResearch in Computer Science and Software Engineering, vol. 2, Issue 4, pp. 242-249, April 2012.
[4] Healey PR, Mitchell P, Smith W, Wang JJ, "Relationship between cupdisc ratio and optic disc diameter", the Blue Mountains Eye Study,AustN Z J Ophthalmol.; 25 Suppl 1:S99-101, May 1997.
[5] The American Academy of Ophthalmology, The eye MD Association,San Francisco, CA 94120-7424.
[6] GopalDatta Joshi, JayanthiSivaswamy, "Optic disc and cup boundary detection using regional information", Arvind Eye Care System, Madurai, India..
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Automated Screening of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Image Processing |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Sangramsing N. Kayte || Raju Maher || Dr.Charansing N. Kayte |
Abstract: Diabetic retinopathy is one vascular disorder where the retina is damaged because fluid leaks from blood vessels into the retina. Early diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy enables timely treatment and in order to achieve it a major effort will have to be invested into screening programs and especially into automated screening programs. For automated screening programs to work robustly efficient image processing and analysis algorithms have to be developed. Candidates are detected using a combination of coarse and fine segmentation. The coarse segmentation is based on a local variation operation to outline the boundaries of all candidates which have clear borders.
[1] S. Wild, G. Roglic, A. Green, R. Sicree, and H. King, "Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030," Diabetes Care, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 1047–1053, 2004.
[2] S. J. Lee, C. A. McCarty, H. R. Taylor, and J. E. Keeffe, "Costs of mobile screening for diabetic retinopathy: a practical framework for rural populations," Aust J Rural Health, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 186–192, 2001.
[3] C. A. McCarty, C. W. Lloyd-Smith, S. E. Lee, P. M. Livingston, Y. L. Stanislavsky, and H. R. Taylor, "Use of eye care services by people with diabetes: the Melbourne Visual Impairment Project," Br J Ophthalmol, vol. 82, no. 4, pp. 410–414, 1998.
[4] D. A. Askew, L. Crossland, R. S. Ware, S. Begg, P. Cranstoun, P. Mitchell, and C. L. Jackson, "Diabetic retinopathy screening and monitoring of early stage disease in general practice: design and methods," Contemp Clin Trials, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 969–975, 2012.
[5] H. C. Looker, S. O. Nyangoma, D. Cromie, J. A. Olson, G. P. Leese, M. Black, J. Doig, N. Lee, R. S. Lindsay, J. A. McKnight, A. D. Morris, S. Philip, N. Sattar, S. H. Wild, and H. M. Colhoun, "Diabetic retinopathy at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes in Scotland," Diabetologia, vol. 55, no. 9, pp. 2335–2342, 2012.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Analytical Method Development and Validation of Prednisolone Sodium Phosphate by QbD Approach |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Omprakash G. Bhusnure || Gholve S.B || Bawage Manoj || Vinod Todkar || Padmaja S Giram |
Abstract: According to ICH Q8 (R2) guidelines, an experimental work was planned for both spectroscopic and chromatographic method development and its validation. QbD approach was implemented for spectroscopic method development and its validation but chromatographic method development and validation was performed by conventional method. The research work demonstrated that the UV is valid for the determination of assay of Prednisolone sodium phosphate. It describes the materials and methods used in experimental work. For performing experimental work analytical grade chemicals and HPLC grade chemicals (methanol, water, ethanol & acetonitrile) was used.
[1]. P. J. Purohit, K. V. Shah. Quality By Design (QbD): New Parameter For Quality Improvement & Pharmaceutical Drug Development, Pharma Science Monitoran International Journal Of pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol 4(3)1, 2013, ISSN: 0976-7908.
[2]. Buket Aksu, Mehmet Aydogan, Bayram Kanik, and EdizAksoy, A Flexible Regulatory Approach for Different Raw Materials Suppliers Using QbD Principles; Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, Volume 4 (4), 2008, ISSN: 0975-8585.
[3]. T. A. Premchandani, B. B. Barik Quality by Design (QbD): A tool for quality improvement. Journal of Advances in Pharmacy and Healthcare Research.
[4]. Sharma B. K. Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis, Introduction to Analytical Chemistry, Goel publishing house, Meerat, 19th edition, 2000, p 1-4, 200-203.
[5]. Skoog D. A. Holler F. J., Timothy A., Nieman. Principles of Instrumental Analysis, Saunders College Publication, London, 5th edition, 2004, p 674-688, 695-698.
[6]. Jeffery G. H. Bassat J. Mendham J. Denny R. C. Vogel‟s Textbook of Qualitative Chemical Analysis, ELB Swithlongman Publication, Harlow, 5th Edition, ,p 3,1989.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Fibre Characteristics of The Trunk of Citrus Sinensis (L.) Osbeck |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Otoide Jonathan Eromosele |
Abstract: The fibre characteristics of the trunk of Citrus sinensis (L) Osbeck have been studied with the aim of discovering another usefulness of the species other than as sources of vitamins A and C. A fully grown tree of Citrus sinensis (sweet orange) within the range of 35-40 years old was felled in an open forest in Jericho town, Ibadan, Oyo-state at the diameter of chest height (1.3 meters above ground level) and thereafter taken to wood saw mill were the trunk was subdivided into circular discs to represent basal, middle and top regions of the trunk. The discs were further taken to the Department of Wood Technology and Utilization (WT & U) of the Forest Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN), Ibadan, Nigeria for maceration of wood samples and preparation of slides of wood fibers. The lengths, diameters, lumen diameters & cell wall thickness of the fibres in the trunk were measured in micrometers (μm). Data were collected from averages of 50 measurements and subjected to statistical analysis such as ANOVA.
[1]. Beakbane, A. B. and E. C. Thompson (1939): Anatomical studies of stems and roots of hardy fruit trees. II. The internal structure of the roots of some vigorous and dwarfing apple rootstocks and the correction of structure with vigour. J. Pomol. 17: 141-149.
[2]. Beakbane, A. B. and E. C. Thompson (1947): Anatomical studies of stems and roots of hardy fruit trees. IV. The root structure of some new clonal apple rootstocks budded with Cox's Orange Pippin. J. Promol. Hortic. Sci.23: 206-211.
[3]. Dutt, D., J. S. Upadhyaya, B. Singh and C. H. Tyagi (2009): Studies on Hibiscus cannabinus and Hibiscus sabdariffa as an alternative pulp blend for soft wood: an optimization of kraft delignification process, Ind. Crops Prod., 29: 16-26.
[4]. FAO (2012): Major Fruits and Vegetable Producing Countries in the World 2010 and 2011.
[5]. Gill, L. S. and C. O. Ogunlowo (1988): Histomorphology of the Tracheary Elements of some Tropical Harwoods. J. Timb. Dev. Assoc. (India), vol. XXXIV, No. 1: 42-52
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Fabrication of Antibacterial Coatings: Prevention of Implant Associated Infections in Patients Indwelling Urinary Catheters |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Shethal AnilKumar || Geetharamani || Elayarajah, B |
Abstract: Implant-associated infection in hospitalized post-surgery patients is mainly due to microbial colonization of the catheter surface and formation of a superficial biofilm layer. Effective antibacterial modification of urinary catheter surface that can prevent device colonization was selected as a primary objective. In the present study, the antibacterial activity of urinary catheters impregnated with an herbal composite was studied under in vitro conditions. To provide sustained release of herbal constituents from the catheter surface, a drug carrier, polyvinyl alcohol was also added as a second layer. Biofilm forming abilities for the test cultures were initially determined by using a standard Exit-site challenge test.
[1]. Ansari, J.A. and N.N. Inamdar, 2010. The promise of traditional medicines. Int. J. Pharmacol., 6(6): 808-812.
[2]. Archana, S.J., R. Paul and A. Tiwari, 2011. Indian medicinal plants: A rich source of natural immune-modulator. Int. J. Pharmacol., 7: 198-205.
[3]. Bag, A., S.K. Bhattacharyya, N.K. Pal and R.R. Chattopadhyay, 2011. Synergistic effect of Terminalia chebula against multidrug-resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli, Med. Aromat. Plant Sci. Biotechnol., 5(1): 70-73.
[4]. Bayston, R., and S. Barsham, 1998. Catheter colonisation: A laboratory model suitable for aetiological, therapeutic and preventive studies. Med. Lab. Sci., 45: 235-239.
[5]. Chen, M., Q. Yu and H. Sun, 2013. Novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of biofilm related infections, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 14, 18488-18501.
[6]. Cho, Y.W., J.H. Park, S.H. Kim, Y.H. Cho, J.M. Choi, H.J. Shin, Y.H. Bae, et al., 2003, Gentamicin-releasing urethral catheter for short-term catheterization. J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed., 14(9): 963-972.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Histopathological and Molecular Studies on Tramadol Mediated Hepato-Renal Toxicity in Rats |
| Country | : | Egypt |
| Authors | : | Eatemad A. Awadalla || Alaa-Eldin Salah-Eldin |
Abstract: Tramadol, a broadly used opioid in recent years, is an effective analgesic agent for the treatment of moderately severe acute or chronic pain. The liver and kidneys are responsible for the metabolism and excretion of opioids, which may cause hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. The present study was designed to evaluate the toxic effects of tramadol on the liver and kidney of experimental rats. Twenty male albino rats, used in the present study, were divided into two groups; control and tramadol-treated (40 mg/kg b.w., orally) for 20 consecutive days. Livers and kidneys specimens were taken for histopathological, molecular and biochemical studies. Malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were determined in these tissues.
[1] Nossaman, V.E., Ramadhyani, U., Kadowitz, P.J., and Nossaman, B.D. (2010). Advances in perioperative pain management: use of medications with dual analgesic mechanisms, tramadol and tapentadol. Anesthesiol. Clin., 28(4), 647-666. [2] Li, Q. and Wang, R. (2006). Simultaneous analysis of tramadol, metoprolol and their metabolites in human plasma and urine by high performance liquid chromatography. Chinese Med. J-Peking, 119, 2013-2017. [3] Raffa, R.B., Friderichs, E., Reimann, W., Shank, R.P., Codd, E.E., and Vaught, J.I. (1992). Opioid and non-opioid components independently contribute to the mechanism of action of tramadol, an "atypical" opioid analgesic. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 260(1), 275-285. [4] Raffa, R.B. (1996). A novel approach to the pharmacology of analgesic. Am. J. Med., 101(1A), 40S-46S. [5] Dayer, P., Desmeules, J., and Collart, L. (1997). Pharmacology of tramadol. Drugs, 53(2), 18-24.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Phytochemical analysis and invitro assays for antimicrobial activity of Pluchea lanceolata extract against multi drug resistant Vibrio cholerae |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Dinesh K || Praveen Kumar || Naresh R || Garima Shukla |
Abstract:In the present study water samples from different areas of Kanpur were collected and isolated three Vibrio cholerae strains. The growth pattern of V. cholerae strains were observed on TCBS agar and 3%, 5% and 8% salt concentration. Mostly V. cholerae strains were tolerate at 3% to 5% salt concentration but in this study one strain can tolerate at 8% salt concentration. The multidrug resistant activities of these strains were examined by different antibiotics i.e. Kanamycin, Gentamicin, ampicillin, cefixime, streptomycin and oxacilline. Methanolic leaf extract of Pluchea lanceolata were analyzed by qualitative phytochemical methods to identified different secondary metabolites.
[1]. Andrews JM. (2001).BSAC standardized disc susceptibility testing method. J Antimicrob Chemother.; 4: 43–57.
[2]. Al Akeel R, Al-Sheikh Y, Mateen A, Syed R, Janardhan K, Gupta VC. (2014). Evaluation of antibacterial activity of crude protein
extracts from seeds of six different medicinal plants against standard bacterial strains. Saudi J Biol Sci.; 21(2): 147–151.
[3]. Bauer AW, Kirby WM, Sherris JC, Jurck M.(1996). Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disc method.
American J Pathol.; 45: 493-496.
[4]. Boyd, EF; Waldor, M.K. (2002). Evolutionary and functional analyses of variants of the toxin-coregulated pilus protein TcpA from
toxigenic Vibrio cholera non-O1/non-O139 serogroup isolates. Microbiology (Reading, England) 148 ( 6): 1655–66.
[5]. Bruneton J. (1995). Pharmacognosy,phytochemistry,medicinal plant.parts: Lavoisier.
[6]. Eduardo Sánchez, Santos García and Norma Heredia. (2010) Extracts of Edible and Medicinal Plants Damage Membranes of
Vibrio cholerae▿ Appl. Environ. Microbiol.; 76(20) : 6888-6894.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Isolation and extraction of Cholesterol Oxidase producers from the soil |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Minal Engavale || Meghshree Deshmukh |
Abstract:Cholesterol oxidase (CHO) is an enzyme, which catalyzes the oxidation of cholesterol and converts
5- cholesten-3_-ol into 4- cholesten-3-one. The objective of this study is to isolate extracellular cholesterol
oxidase (CHO) producing micro-organisms from the soil sample and to obtain an abundant source of
cholesterol oxidase (CHO) for industrial and medicinal needs. Cholesterol oxidase producing bacteria were
isolated from soil samples from oil spillage areas. The isolate was tested for cholesterol oxidase activity by
screening method. As the result of the screening, CHO producer strain was isolated and identified as
Staphylococcus and Micrococcus species .The CHO enzyme was also further purified and its activity was
measured by calorimetric assay method which was found to be 0.15 units/ml.
Key-Words: Cholesterol oxidase, 4-cholesten-3-one, Horseradish Peroxidase
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and plant protoplasts. Appl Environ Microbiol 1994;60 Suppl 12:4239-44.
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active against boll weevil larvae. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1993;196 Suppl 3:1406-13.
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flavin adenine dinucleotide dependent alcohol oxidases. Biochem 1993;32 Suppl 43:11507-15.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Prevalence of some metals in native and branded factory-based lager beers within Jos metropolis |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | S Y. Gazuwa || J D Dabak || G A Ubom. |
Abstract:Ethyl alcohol toxicity is implicated in disease conditions such as cirrhosis, hepatitis and these
ailments among drinkers are high even after seeking medical attention. This work was therefore undertaken to
analyse for zinc, iron, lead, cadmium, and manganese as contaminants in samples of beers. Atomic absorption
spectrophotometric technique was applied to achieve the objectives of the work. Although the results indicated
contamination of the samples with the metals, the magnitude of the contamination was higher in native, relative
the factory-based lager beers. In burukutu, the level of Zn was above that in pito and goskolo. Compared to the
maximum reference levels in drinking water, level of Fe was lower just as for Pb (P >0.05). Goskolo had the
highest burden of Cd followed by burukutu and pito. In burukutu and pito, Mn was high (P =0.05) compared to
reference values. In the case of the factory-based lager beers, levels of Zn, Mn and Fe were below the reference
values for all the brands. Levels of Cd and Pb were above the maximum values (P =0.05). In Guinness, Harp,
and Star, the content of Cd and Pb were significantly (P =0.05) above reference values for drinking water, but
other metals were not significant (P >0.05). Extent of contamination with Pb was highest in Gulder (P=0.05).
[1]. F. L, N John, B. Emmanuel and T. Philippe, T, Characteristics of African traditional beers brewed with sorghum malt.
Biotechnology, Agronomic social environment; 16(4), 2012, 509-530.
[2]. A.O Adewara and S. Ogunbaniwo, Effects of processing variables on the production of burukutu, a Nigerian fermented beverage.
Nature and Science; 11(1), 2013, 16-28.
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[5]. S.Y Gazuwa,, J.D Dabak and G.A Ubom, Iron contamination of two local alcoholic drinks. Journal of Medicine in the Tropics;
8(1), 2006, 33-38.
[6]. S.Y Gazuwa, J.D Dabak and G.A Ubom, Contaminants in local alcoholic beverages: zinc and manganese contamination.
International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences; 2(4), 2008, 411-416.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | The Edibility, Distribution and Damage Indices of Oryctes Monocerosoliv. [Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae]An Edible Larva of the Oil Palms [Elaise Guineensis] and Associated Microorganisms. |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Ogbalu, O. K. || Williams, J. O. |
Abstract:The edibility of Oryctesmonoceros in the Niger Delta states was established along with its methods of
preparation. Its distribution showed that it flourished on Oil Palms of the States where palms are grown. Its
distribution covers the whole of Niger Delta Ecological zone, Eastern and Kogi States. The damage indices of
the pest in Oil Palms were also established. A microbiological assessment was done on the adult of the Oil Palm
weevil, Oryctesmonoceros and this revealed the presence of some bacterial and fungal species. Studies on the
larvae and piths were also done to determine the presence of bacteria in the larva, pith and adult Beetle .The
pith had the highest bacterial count followed by the Internal of the larva[larva Internal], adult beetle internal
(int),larva external (ext) and adult beetle external (ext).
[1]. Ukeh, D.A. [2002]. Studies on the insect pests of the Oil Palm [Elaiseguineensis Jacq] in Selected Estates in the Cross River State
of Nigeria.M.Sc Thesis of the University of Calabar.
[2]. Ogbalu, O. K. [2015]. The Domestication of the Edible Emperor Moth, Bunaeaalcinoe Stoll [Lepidoptera :Saturniidae] [In Press].
[3]. Thomas, C. N. and Okwakpam, B. A. [2006].Assessment of Nutrient Composition of Adults of Rhynchophorusphoenicis. Niger
Delta Biologia, Vol. 6. [2] 48-52.
[4]. FAO[2012].Edible Forest Insects: Insects and the Environment. Rome: Food and Agricultural Organization.
[5]. Onwuteaka, J. N. and Ogbalu, O. K. [2015].GIS Based Infestation Biogeography of Palm weevil, Pachymerus cardo in the Niger
Delta.Jiurnal of Environment and Earth. Vol. 5 No.12: 150-162.
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523,ASTM,Philadelphia,PA.