iosr-JPBS   Volume-9 ~ Issue-2 ~ March-April 2014

Abstract: Plumbago zeylanica Linn is listed as Threatened Medicinal Plant and is widely used in traditional systems of medicine. Embryos from seeds of Plumbago zeylanica Linn were cultured on M.S. Medium and M.S. Medium supplemented with natural complex-tomato juice (30%). Embryos on both the media showed successful germination and seedlings were developed within eight weeks .Regenerated seedlings transferred in thermocol cup containing sterile (autoclaved) mixture of sand, vermicompost & soil (1:1:1) for hardening showed 93.75% survival rate. The regenerated seedlings were successfully acclimatized in green house with100% result and then 100% transplantation success was achieved under natural atmospheric conditions .The present study provide efficient , simplified , economic protocol for rapid in vitro regeneration of Plumbago zeylanica Linn

Keywords: Embryo , In Vitro Regeneration ,Medicinal Plant, M.S. Medium, Plumbago zeylanica Linn

Abstract: On the basis of flower colour, the Apocynacean member Thevetia neriifolia,Juss. can be grouped into three morphoforms, viz. yellow, orange and white. Preliminary studies of different fractions of these three flower extracts (Petroleum ether (PE), Chloroform (CH), Ethyl Acetate (EA) and Methanol (MT) were carried out using Agar well diffusion method to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of antimicrobial properties against different pathogenic strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Nocardia asteroids, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis,

Abstract: The traditional medicinal system of India offers a detailed diet therapy for post partum health care to rejuvenate women's health. The minority community in Patna(Bihar) uses selected herbs as traditional recipes for post partum health care. Current study was designed to investigate pharmacological studies to validate folk use of such herbal recipes.All plants were tested for DPPH,FRAP AND total phenolic content. The investigation showed significant therapeutic effect of folk medicinal recipes used as traditional post partum care .

Keywords:Patna, DPPH,FRAP, Phenols, Postpartum care.

Abstract: The raw EEG signals are captured from the brain, specifically Delta waves. The signal is amplified, rectified and processed mathematically. Using FFT EEG parameters are drawn which are further processed with complex algorithm to result in BIS score ranging from 0 to 100. Using this score the depth of anesthesia is calculated.

Keywords : BIS; EEG; anesthesia; bispectral analysis; hypnosis.

Abstract: A study was carried out to determine the comparative hypoglycemic effects of three Nigerian medicinal plants; Gongronema latifolium, Vernonia amygdalina and Viscum album on alloxan – induced diabetic mice. Oral administration of 100mg/dl of alloxan monohydrate produced diabetic condition in normal albino mice, which increased blood glucose level from 60.5 + 5 mg/dl to156 + 5mg/dl, among others. The leaf extracts of G. latifolium, V. album, V. amygdalina and the combination of the 3 plant extracts had lowering effects on the blood glucose levels of the alloxan induced diabetic mice. This was done by reactivating and restoring the action of the beta-cells of the islet langerherns, which resumed their insulin production. The leaf extract of V. amygdalina and the combined extract became active within first hour of administration, while G. latifolium and V. album became effective in the second hour. The combined extract had more lowering effect on the blood glucose level of the diabetic mice than the other extracts. The glucose-lowering action of the three plant extracts and their combined extracts support their usage in the local treatment of diabetes.

Abstract: The Study entitled "Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and perception of Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) Reporting among the Pharmacy Students in South India" was designed to assess the awareness of Pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting, and to evaluate the impact of an educational intervention. A validated (pilot study) self administered (KAP) Knowledge, attitude, perception survey questionnaire was used in the study. This prospective knowledge attitude practice (KAP) questionnaire study, of 6 month duration included a total of 225(90%) participants out of 250. An interactive educational intervention was designed for all participants of pre-KAP questionnaire survey. The impact of effectiveness of educational intervention among the pharmacy students was evaluated by means of post-KAP questionnaire survey. The paired t-test and chi-square test in GraphPad InStat was used for statistical calculation. The overall response rates between pre intervention and post intervention was statistically significant (P< 0.001) shows effectiveness of educational intervention for improving awareness of pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting among the participants. The study concluded that imparting the knowledge and awareness of Pharmacovigilance among the pharmacy students by means of continuous educational intervention would bring up updated knowledge and practice in drug safety and rational use.
Keywords: ADR reporting, Continuous Pharmacy Education, KAP questionnaire, Pharmacovigilance, Pharmacy Students.

Abstract:Carotid body tumours are rare, slowly growing benign neoplasm arising from paraganglionic cells at the region of carotid bifurcation. They are the rare tumours of head and neck region derived from neural crest. We report here a case of carotid body tumour which was successfully treated surgically.
Key Word: Carotid body tumour ; Paraganglioma ; Chemodectoma.

Abstract: The swimming test was used to investigate the effect of aqueous leaf extract of Pauliniapinnata on the swimming endurance in mice. Mice were categorized into controls and test groups and placed in plastic jar containing water maintained at 25±1oC. Each animal was allowed to swim until exhausted and the swimming time recorded. The results revealed that the extract (500mg/kg) and imipramine (50mg/kg) caused significant reduction (P<0.05) in swimming time compared to the control that was given normal saline. This effect is considered to be attributed to its CNS depression which diminishes ability for physical activity. Depressant activity of the extract was dose-dependent as swimming time decreased with increasing dose as revealed in the regression data. The results obtained with this extract therefore demonstrated that Pauliniapinnata leaf possess obvious depressant activity on the CNS of mice.
Key words: CNS depressant activity, Mice, Pauliniapinnata, Swimming time.

Abstract: Infectious morbidity remains a leading cause of postoperative complications following caesarean delivery. The major infectious complications of caesarean delivery are fever, wound infection, endometritis and urinary tract infection. Postoperative surgical site infection remains a major source of illness and a less frequent cause of death in the surgical patient. The administration of prophylactic antibiotics with in specific interval has been shown to reduce the burden of surgical site infection, but adherence to proper timing guidelines remains problematic. Judicious use of antibiotics in the hospital through effective antibiotic policy and guideline development is then essential.
Keywords: Cesarean section, Postcaesarean infectious complication, Prophylactic antibiotics, Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis, Surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis.

Abstract: As a sequel to a previous study examining behavioral effects of bromocriptine methanesulfonate, this study was to evaluate the effects of the same drug on the liver and kidneys of Swiss albino mice. Male mice weighing between 16- 20g were assigned into three groups of ten mice each. First group received normal saline; the other two groups were given bromocriptine methanesulfonate at 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg/day respectively, drug or vehicle was given daily using an oral cannula for a period of 30 days. Body weight was measured weekly, and at the end of the treatment period mice were sacrificed and the liver and right kidney dissected out and weighed following which sections of the liver and kidneys were prepared for histologic study. Data was analysed using one way ANOVA followed by the Student-Newman-Keul's test, results were expressed as mean ± S.E.M. A dose dependent increase in relative liver and kidney weights were seen in the test groups. Test groups' histology also showed evidence of liver and kidney injury. The study concluded that at doses tested, bromocriptine has both hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic potential in mice.
Keywords: Bromocriptine Methanesulfonate, Hepatotoxicity, Nephrotoxicity.

Abstract: The recent explosion in the number of gene expression experiments and the need to extract useful biological information from the resulting volumes of data has presented a new challenge, that is, to identify the most significant changes in gene expression and to interpret the results in terms of biological relationships. There are a number of web resources that provide data annotation services for gene expression datasets. Microarray Analysis has become a huge widely used tool for the generation of gene expression data on functional genomic scale. The information gained offers an unprecedented opportunity to fully characterize biological processes. The global burden of cancer continues to increase largely because of the aging and growth of the world population alongside an increasing adoption of cancer-causing behaviours, particularly smoking, in economically developing countries. Mainly the Head and Neck squamous cell carcinoma, and is one of the leading causes of human death worldwide and the deaths from cancer are projected to continue rising. With the help of Bioinformatics techniques the analysis of gene expression data is done through BRB Array tool .Microarray data is analysed using PAM and Hierarchical clustering. The two genes i.e. Keratin 4 and Mal, T-cell differentiation protein are predicted through PAM. These genes can have important role in the Head and Neck squamous cell carcinoma.
Keywords: Clustering, Gene expression , Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma ,Microarray, PAM.

Abstract: Lipase enzymes from microbial sources are currently enormous attention by potential industrial uses. The aim of the study is to investigate some bioparameters affecting lipase production by spectrophotometric method. Extracellular lipase producing organisms isolated from different places of 'ERNAKULAM DIST'(KERALA) and identified as Micrococcus flavus (NYT) by morphological and biochemical characters and 16 rRNA sequencing .Optimization of lipase production and enzyme activity was measured with varying pH (4-9) , incubation temperature (270C & 370C) , growth media incubation time (24hr,48hr,72hr) , reaction mixture time intervals (10, 20 and 30 min ) and substrates as sunflower oil and palm oil. The maximum lipase production by using sunflower oil as substrate was recorded at pH 8, 270C during 48h of culture period and 10 min incubation time and in palm oil higher production was at pH 7, 270C during 48h of culture period and 10 min incubation time.
Keywords: Enzyme activity,Lipase , ,Micrococcus , Tributryn ,Optimization.

Abstract: To compare the different levels of ionic calcium while using levosimendan as to other inotropes in patients undergoing beating cardiac surgery. Prospective randomized clinical study. Tertiary referral centre. Fifty patients undergoing Coronary Bypass Grafting off pump were enrolled in this study from January 2011 to June 2011. Comparitive analysis of serum ionic calcium levels was made by routine blood gas analysis between a group of 25 patients who were given levosimendan and 25 patients in whom other standard inotropes were used.Preoperative ionic calcium was within normal limits. The results obtained were tabulated and compared using student t test. The volume of calcium gluconate required to maintain ionic calcium levels in normal limits in patients on levosimendan was significantly higher ( P < 0.01) when compared to patients on other inotropes. In patients on levosimendan,the mean amount of calcium gluconate required to maintain ionic calcium levels normal (1.10 – 1.26 mmol) was 4.69cc compared to 0.93cc in patients on other inotropes. Levosimendan is a novel calcium sensitizer with inodilator properties which stabilizes interaction between ca and troponin c by binding to troponin c in ca dependent manner. Hence larger amounts of calcium gluconate is needed to keep serum ionic calcium levels withinin normal limits while using levosimendan.
Key words: levosimendan, ionic calcium.

Abstract: Immobilization of plant cell plays a very important role in exploiting plant cell culture for the production of high value phyto-pharmaceuticals. It is the advanced novel biotechnological approach, through which it is possible to achieve a physiological state conducive for metabolite production .That can overcome many limiting factors of suspension culture with distinct advantage of easier separation from product and also being agreeable for biotransformation of low value compounds to higher value product. In the described study, the immobilized culture of Tylophora indica (Asclepeadaceae) and Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae) derived from leaves and rhizome respectively were used to enhance the production of their active compounds, Kaempferol and Curcumin. The maximum content of Kaempferol and Curcumin were obtained in cultures fed with 5mg/100ml of Cinnamic acid i.e.3.31%/300beads and 3.36 %/300beads respectively at the age of two weeks in Zenk media .This study also has given a clear image of biosynthetic pathway of these compounds.
Keywords: Immobilize culture, Tylophora indica ,Curcuma longa , Kaempferol, Curcumin.