iosr-JPBS   Volume-9 ~ Issue-3 ~ May-June 2014

Abstract: Background: Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy has a pervasive detrimental impact on women's family, social and professional life and hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is the most severe form of this disorder. The Purpose: To evaluate the association of Helicobacter pylori infection in the pathogenesis of hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) Methods: Fourty five pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum were recruited from out- patient clinics & emergency department of Al-Zahra' Teaching Hospital for Gynaecology& Obstetrics / Kufa University. Fourty five normal pregnant women were used as a control group. Serum testing for H-pylori IgG antibody titre using (ELISA) method was done for both the patient group and the control group. Results: Thirty eight Patients of the forty five hyperemesis gravidarum group (84.44 % ) were H. pylori positive and twenty one of the forty five control group (46.7 % ) were H.pylori positive. Conclusion: Helicobacter pylori may be one of the etiological factors of hyperemesis gravidarum and can be added to its investigations , especially in prolonged conditions that are refractory to conventional management and cases that extend to the second trimester and non teratogenic regimens for treatment may be considered.
Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, pathogenesis, Hyperemesis gravidarum.
The protocol for this study is submitted to the Obstetrics and Gynecology unit, Faculty of medicine and to the medical ethics committee Kufa university, Iraq.

Abstract: Toxicity of sumithion to the fresh water field crab has been studied by Bhagya Laxmi and Ramamurti (1981), Aness (1975) and Verma et al., (1978) observed the toxicity of some organophosphate compounds. The oxygen consumption has been estimated by Alam and Lomte(1984) after exposing the gastropods. Viviparous bengalensis in zink sulphate Lowry, O. H.; Rosenbroughi, N. J.; Farr,A. L. and Randall, R. J. et. al. (1951, 1983) have observed the effects of carbaryl on oxygen consumption of the fish, Channa punctatus Chaudari.et.al. (1988) have observed rate of oxygen consumption. Considering the studies on pesticide pollution on the fresh water gastropod Thiara on the fresh water gastropod Thiara Lineata the present investigation has under taken with the view to understand the acute toxicity and the effect on the rate of oxygen consumption. Organophosphate compounds are now extensively use in place of organochloride compounds on account of their lesser residuals toxicity, but the prevention of aqutic animals' mortality remains an important object of water pollution research. Kaviraj and konar (1982) have studied the effects of heavy metals on accute toxicity of mercury, chromium and cadmium and cadmium to the fish. Tyllapia Mossambica. Mane and Akarte (1987) have studied the effects of cythion or Malathian on the estuarine Clam Catalasia optima.

Abstract: Biosulphidogenesis was examined in thermal waters, sediments and decomposing bacterial mats associated with Vajreshwari & Ganeshpuri hot springs, Thane. In vitro studies demonstrated biological sulphide production from sulphate at temperatures higher than 50°C but less than 85°C, correlated with the presence of a unique sulphate-reducing bacterium (TSRP- Thermophilic Sulphate Reducing Prokaryote). It showed complete reduction of sulpahte in 20 hrs with negligible production of sulphide. This new species proliferated at temperatures above 50°C but below 85°C, and had an optimum growth temperature of 60°C in anaerobic condition (The anaerobic condition was maintained by overlaying the media with Paraffin oil). The organism was a small gram-negative, straight rod, utilized lactate as electron donors and sulphate as electron acceptors for growth and forming sulphide, indicating presence of dissimilatory sulphate reduction mechanism. Other unusual biochemical features of this extreme thermophile includes tolerance to 1.5 % NaCl, lacked catalase activity and non motile. Strain TSRP is described as the type strain of the species Thermodesulfobacterium commune identified by 16s r RNA sequence analysis and phylogenetic relationship was found in between different OTUS which were determined by CLUSTALW. The assessment of the effluents collected from 3 industries viz., Textile, Battery, Paper & pulp; within the city zone of Thane showed high concentration of sulphate. These effluents were subjected to sulphidogenesis by T. commune & there was a complete reduction of sulpahte in 25,24,22 hrs. respectively with negligible production of sulphide. The study showed that T. commune can be used for treating effluent containing sulphate, thus important for bioremediation process with high efficiency of sulfate reduction rate and negligible production of sulphide.
Keywords: Biosulphidogenesis, TSRP, Dissimilatory Sulphate reduction pathway, 16s rRNA

Abstract: Role of vitamin D in calcium and phosphorous regulation and in bone metabolism is a well known fact and so, was the need for diagnosing vitamin D deficiency in osteoporosis, osteomalacia and fractures. Discovery of the presence of vitamin D receptor in several tissues has lead to several research works to know the effect of vitamin D on these tissues. This has thrown light on previously blind areas. Vitamin D deficiency is known to be present in cancers, infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders,cardiovascular disease type 2 diabetes mellitus. These findings have resulted in increased laboratory requests for vitamin D estimation. This article aims at providing insight 1. into vitamin D and its metabolic effects , 2.different forms of vitamin D 3.existing methods to estimate vitamin D 4. Selection of the method for estimation, and reference methods for vitamin D estimation, 5. Factors causing variations in vitamin D results, 6. internal and external quality control issues,7.Interpretation of results.
Keywords: 25-hydroxy D3, metabolism, 1, 25-hydroxy D3, Method of estimation, standards

Abstract: Dapsone is an antileprotic drug which is used most widely & effectively in the long term treatment of leprosy. It inhibits folate synthesis & is usually associated with GIT intolerance, rashes & rarely with aplastic anemia. [1] However, over the year's literature in form of case reports have accumulated which shows that dapsone can lead to aplastic anemia. [2,3,5-10] In this study, we report the case of a 50 year old male suffering from leprosy who developed aplastic anemia with dapsone 100 mg/day. Development of aplastic anemia with therapeutic doses warrants the careful & judicious use of the drug so that this serious medical complication can be avoided.

Abstract: Embelia ribes Burm.f. is a threatened medicinal plant, studied extensively for its rich medicinal properties. It has been used in ayurvedic formulations from the ancient times and in the recent past a surge of research on this particular medicinal plant species has been undertaken. This particular species is found to attribute to a number of medicinal properties such as antidiabetic, anticancer, antimicrobial, antitumor, antifertility activity and many more. Hence this highly comprehensive review has been under taken to highlight the areas of research where in this particular species is extensively studied and the current status of this important threatened medicinal plant.
Key Words: Embelia ribes, Ethonopharmacology, Medicinal uses, Threatened, Embelin, Phytochemistry

Abstract: This study aimed to isolate and investigate the nosocomial infections in some teaching hospitals inGiza governorate in Egypt. The samples were collected randomly from the air of the delivery rooms and nursing rooms from five teaching hospitals. Ninety samples were collected from the delivery rooms showed 83.33 % positive result for the growth of bacteria, while 74.28 % showed a positive result for the growth of bacteria than seventy air samples collected from nursing rooms. The isolated bacterial species were identified as follows: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus agalactiae,Streptococcus pyogenes, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia and Klebsiella oxytoca.Staphylococcus aureus was the highest percentage of bacteria that isolated from the delivery rooms and nursing rooms in all hospitals under study as 61.5% and 38.5%, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus cereuswere more dominant types of bacteria that isolated from the delivery rooms in hospitals were be tested. While Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli showed more dominant organism isolated from nursing rooms in all examined hospitals. The effect of disinfectants commonly used in hospitals to bacterial species isolated showed some bacteria resistant clear about these disinfectants, while some bacterial species showed relative resistance to various concentrations of these disinfectants.

Keywords: Nosocomial Infections,delivery rooms,nursing rooms, teaching hospitals, disinfectants.

Abstract: Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) is a perennial herb. It belongs to the family Zingiberaceae and commercially cultivated in most tropical regions of the world. The underground rhizomes are the planting materials in a conventional propagation of ginger however it has a low multiplication rate. It is known that there are possible methods are available for rapid vegetative propagation of ginger through direct organogenesis or somatic embryogenesis under in vitro conditions but it is necessary to find the best protocol for in vitro multiplication of ginger. However, significant efforts have been made in the procedure for in vitro micro propagation in the other ginger growing countries. The available literature with respect to in vitro plant regeneration has been perused and this review mainly focused on the in vitro propagation via direct organogenesis from rhizome buds or shoot tips of ginger often used as explants. In vitro techniques are increasingly being employed to conserve vegetatively propagated crops in various germplasm conservation programs. These are specifically applied to crops where the seeds are recalcitrant (seeds which get killed on drying and freezing), seeds are not formed. In vitro technique has several advantages: In contrast to clonal repositories or field gene bank, in vitro repositories offer safety from environmental vagaries and widespread diseases. The main advantage of the technique is the ability to regenerate disease free, true to type plants at high frequency from axillary buds, shoot tips and meristems.
Keywords: In vitro, germplasm, regeneration, rhizome and micropropagation

Abstract: Couroupita guianensis is also called as "Cannon ball tree". The tree has enormous medicinal values since most of the parts like leaves, flower, fruits and stem are used as medicine to cure various diseases. During the last few decades it has been observed that there are numerous reports on anti-inflammatory activity, anti-ulcer activity, anticancer activity, anti oxidant activity, antihelminthic activity of this plant. It is enriched with a number of compounds such as oils, ketosteroids, glycosides, courouptine, indirubin, isatin and phenolic substances. Recent researches on this plant extract showed anti diabetic activity also. A small preliminary test was performed to confirm its anti diabetic activity.
Key Words: Antidiabaetic, Ketosteriods, Courouptine, Indirubin, Cytotoxic ,Quercetin, Kaempherol, Farmaricetin, Lutolin, Saponin.

Abstract: A 56 day feeding experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of Azadirachta indica saponins on growth of Oreochromis niloticus. Saponins from Azadirachta indica leaf was isolated and incorporated into a basal diet at 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 g kg-1 respectively (representing; D1, D2, D3, D4, D5 and D5), and fed to 180 Oreochromis niloticus of Mean±SD weight 20.97±3.52-23.13±1.99 g, twice daily at 3 % of their body weight. There was variations (p<0.05) in the growth parameters, the highest Mean±SD weight gain of 23.12±2.79 g was observed in group D3 (1.0 g kg-1 diet) which also had the best average daily growth rate, specific growth rate and food conversion ratio of 0.44±0.01, 1.158±0.02 and 1.57±1.09 respectively. Gradual increase in weight gain was observed as the concentration of A. indica saponins increased from 0.5 – 1.0 g kg-1 and a decrease was observed from 2.0 – 8.0 g kg-1 diet. The control group had the least percentage weight gain of 68.37±2.99 %. This study infers that for efficient and sustainable development in tilapia culture Azadirachta indica saponins could be used to enhance growth of Oreochromis niloticus.
Key words: Concentrations, extract, growth, phyto-additives, saponins.

Abstract: High concentrations of heavy metals have been shown to adversely affect the size, diversity, and activity ofmicrobial populations in soil. The aim of this work was to determine how the diversity of arbuscularmycorrhizal(AM) fungi is affected by the addition of sewage-amended sludge containing heavy metals in a long-termexperiment. Six AMF ecotypes werefound in the experimental soils, showing consistent differences with regard to their tolerance to the presenceof heavy metals. AMF ecotypes ranged from very sensitive to the presence of metals to relatively tolerant to highrates of heavy metals in soil. Total AMF spore numbers decreased with increasing amounts of heavy metals inthe soil. Mycorrhiza is a mutualistic relationship between plant roots and fungal hyphae. In order tosurvey of percentage root colonization and mycorrhizal spore density in soil, different locations in and around Delhi. Soil samplingwas carried out in June 2012 from surface to 30 cm depth.There was variation in the mycorrhizal colonization and spore number. Therefore,the present study revealed that the genus Glomuswas more predominant than others and Acuolosporawas least amongst therecovered AMF spores.
Keywords : Arbuscularmycorrhizalfungi;Glomus;Heavy metal ;Root Colonization; Spores Number

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the chronic metabolic diseases. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of ginger and thyme on some biochemical parameters in diabetic rats. Fifty-six male albino rats were divided into eight groups; 7 rats each. Negative control, positive control and other six groups were fed standard diet with 0.5%, 1% and 5% ginger and 2%, 5% and 10% thyme respectively for six weeks. Plasma samples were separated for different biochemical analysis. Livers were kept in 10% formalin for histological study. Hemoglobin was increased in 5% ginger and 10% thyme while total protein was increased only in 5% ginger compared with diabetic group. Rats fed 5% ginger and 10% thyme showed decrease in glucose level, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, VLDL-C, uric acid, creatinin and urea nitrogen and increase in HDL-C compared with diabetic control. Liver functions were improved in diabetic groups when they fed (5%) ginger and (10%) thyme. It could be seen that there was statistically more significant improvement in (5%) ginger than (10%) thyme in glucose and HDL-C.
Keywords: Diabetes, Ginger, Glucose, Histology, Thyme

Abstract: Minia, Egypt, 6151 Abstract: This study shows the effect of soil structure, soil texture and different types of nutrients on the growth of Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam, as well as the yield of the fruit crop and its content of the main active principals (ɣpyrones). The study was carried out in several localities in Two Arabian countries in North Africa; Egypt and Sudan. Egypt: at three localities:-1st at Mepaco Farm in Enshas El-Raml, Sharkya Governorate, the2nd at Al-Alfy Farm in Dakahlia Governorate, while the 3rd in Assuit Governorate in Upper Egypt. Sudan: the first locality is in Abo Halema farm, 20 km North Khartoum city, the second locality is in Wad- Raml, about 60 Km North Khartoum. Source of seeds, the time of seeding, schedule of irrigation, thinning and collection were all fixed. So; the only differences were: the Farmers care for soil and plants as well as soil characteristics. Soil samples were subjected to elemental analysis to analyze their content of essential (Macro and micro nutrients, non-essential nutrients as well as non-mineral nutrients. Soil PH, bulk and taped densities were also determined. The number of plants per Fadden, number of umbels per plant, number of rays per umbel and number of fruits per ray were determined. The yield of fruits per Fadden, fruit characteristics and the percentage of total and separate ɣ-pyrones were also determined and recorded.
Key words: Ammi visnaga, active constituents, crop yield, different localities, effect of soil.

Abstract: Schistosomiasis of the urethral tract leads to the destruction of the mucosal cells of the reproductive organs by the piercing action of the oval spines. Urogenital schistosomiasis has remained a major contributor to the disease burden in Plateau State, Nigeria. The urine syringe filtration technique and urine strip test were diagnostic methods used to determine the prevalence, intensities and symptoms of Schistosoma haematobium infections in the study population. Out of the 1245 persons screened parasitologically, 1007 were apparently healthy with a prevalence of 265 (26.3%: 95% C.I. 23.5 – 29.1%) with an overall mean egg excretion of 87eggs/10ml and females aged 11-20years had the highest prevalence (21.7%; 95% C.I 19 – 24%) compared to the children 0 – 10years who were the least infected (0.2%; 95% C.I. 0.1 – 0.5%). Statistically, a significant difference was observed among the different age groups (Cal χ2 0.05 = 40.94 > Tab χ2 0.05 df5 =11.07; P < 0.05 ;). The remaining 238 persons were symptomatic with a prevalence of 51 (21.4%: 95% C.I. 16.1 – 26.7) and an overall mean egg excretion of 78eggs/10mls with females aged 21-30 years (29.6%) having the highest infection. Although, statistically, symptomatic urogenital schistosomiasis was not dependent on age (Cal χ2 0.05 = 8.32 < Tab χ2 0.05 df5 = 11.07; P > 0.05). In relation to associated symptoms, 4.9% persons had haematuria, 27.9% had proteinuria while a larger population of 64.6% had neither haematuria nor proteinuria in their urine. For water contact patterns, economic activities (65.7%) including, irrigation agriculture and domestic chores (23.6%) accounted for most water contacts especially during the main dry season.
Keywords: Haematuria, Human water contact activities. Proteinuria, Schistosoma haematobium, Urogenital Schistosomiasis,

Abstract: Gopalganj, the small underdeveloped district in North- Western part of Bihar is bestowed with rich floral diversity and economically backward rural population covering 2033 Km.2 geographical area. The district is very close to the foothill of Himalayan ranges separated by river Gandak from west Champaran in east. The Present communication deals with the documentation of 221 Ethno Medicinal species out of 79 families, mostly from Angiosperms, a few from Gymnosperms and the few from Pteridophytes in alphabetical order. All these Ethno medicinal Plants are mentioned in this paper with their Botanical name, respective families, local name, life forms, Parts use and local uses.
Key words: Ethno Medicinal Plants, Gopalganj, rural population, diseases, district.