iosr-JPBS   Volume-9 ~ Issue-4 ~ July-August 2014

Abstract: In vitro cultures of Argyreia nervosa (Hawaiian Baby Woodrose) was initiated form leaf of the plant on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium containing different PGRs. Callus induction was experimented by culturing leaf at different combinations and concentrations of PGRs. Best callus induction and fresh weight were obtained at 5.0 mg/l IAA+ 1.0 mg/l BAP. The callus maintained up to 2-3 months. Maximum callus induction and proliferation was noted at 5.0 mg/l IAA + 1.0 mg/l BAP. 2, 4-D gave less callus growth and smaller diameter than IAA and NAA. The callus tissues specifically obtained from leaf and stem explants dispersed in full strength liquid MS medium fortified with 3% sucrose and plant growth regulator combination of IAA (5 mg/l) and BAP (1.0 mg/l) was found best for establishing suspension culture for secondary metabolite production under in vitro condition. Increased sugar level gave better result in cell production and secondary metabolites production. Callus and cells produced equal or higher yield than original plants.

Keywords: Argyreia nervosa, callus, cell suspension culture, secondary metabolites

Abstract: Impaired steroidogenesis at gonads or defect in the receptors mediating the actions of those hormones is being reported as an etiological factor for Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Of the various factors, variations in the expression of androgen receptor (AR) gene have been shown as a risk factor for women with PCOS; however the findings were not consistent among populations studied. Therefore, the present study was aimed to screen the prevalence of AR gene haplotype tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and its association with PCOS in south Indian women. The study population consists of a total of 198 subjects, of which 97 were women with PCOS and 101 healthy women as controls. Genotyping of SNPs for AR rs5919393 (C/T), rs5919411 (A/G) and rs12014709 (G/T) were carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and DNA sequencing. Out of three SNPs examined, the rs5919393 (C/T) and rs5919411 (A/G) are monomorphic in both PCOS and controls. Whereas, rs12014709 (G/T) was observed <2% in controls samples in the present study. The results did not show any evidence of association of polymorphisms rs5919393 (C/T), rs5919411 (A/G) and rs12014709 (G/T) in AR gene with PCOS in south Indian women.

Keywords: Androgen Receptor, Hyperandrogenism, PCOS, SNP.

Abstract: Gene expression data analysis is playing a vital role in diagnosing the diseases and drug designing. Many researchers realized that most of the cancers could be diagnosed based on the gene expression data. This paper focusses on identifying the prominent genes, which are mainly causing the Leukemia cancer using computational methods. Clustering methods are used to identify the components of a data set without the prior knowledge of the data set. The Weighted K-Means clustering method is proposed in a novel manner to analyze the Leukemia Cancer data set. However, the resultant clusters are again clustered sample wise using the K-Means clustering approach to understand more meaningful biological inferences. The proposed method selects the most significant genes and produces high accuracy in cancer classification.

Keywords: Accuracy, Clustering, FC-Means, K-Means, Leukemia, MK-Means, Specificity, Sensitivity, Weighted K-Means.

Abstract: Malondialdehyde is an important biomarker for lipid peroxidation. It has the ability to react majorly with deoxyguanosine and deoxyadenosine of DNA which causes mutation. It promotes the development of cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis and several types of cancer including breast cancer. Breast cancer is the leading cause of death among women worldwide. Blood samples of 180 breast cancer patients were collected at Department of Pathology, Mahavir Cancer Institute, India. Lipid peroxidation assay was performed to determine MDA level in serum. In conclusion, the present study shows the association between MDA level and breast cancer. The decreased level of MDA in serum of grade III breast cancer patients needs to be explored further to understand the exact role of MDA in breast cancer. The MDA levels in serum of breast cancer patients were found significantly higher than the normal range (p<0.05). The mean value of MDA level in different grades of breast cancer patients was measured and found to be 41.59 (nMol/ml) for grade I, 45.85 (nMol/ml) for Grade II and 36.27(nMol/ml) for Grade III with a p-value < .048. Histopathological study of tissue from breast cancer patients unveiled some major significant changes in the architecture of the cells. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to estimate level of MDA in serum of 180 breast cancer patients and to observe histopathological changes in same patients and subsequent correlation with the MDA level.

Keywords: LPO, MDA, Breast cancer, tissue, blood

Abstract: Drug development is a very laborious, expensive and time consuming process. Inadequate pharmacokinetic knowledge on the drug candidate is one of the reasons for failure during drug development. The in-vivo absorbability of drugs categorized as BCS Class II is very difficult to predict because of the large variability in the absorption or dissolution kinetics. Urapidil comes under the category of BCS Class II. Thus, present study was aimed to assess the influence of covariates on pharmacokinetics of Urapidil from typical pharmacokinetics studies using population pharmacokinetic model. In this study one compartment model incorporating subject specific parameters was developed and evaluated. Results demonstrated that the one compartment absorption model without lag time under first order estimation method best describes the pharmacokinetics of Urapidil. The final model described the body weight influence on apparent oral clearance of Urapidil and 27.60% of the inter-individual variability was explained by the covariate body weight. Thus, it can be concluded that body weight was found to be the most important covariate for clearance of Urapidil. The projected model shall further developed in patients treated for Urapidil and results from this study should interpret cautiously while any dose adjustment for Urapidil treatment in patient population.

Keywords: Covariates, Eupressyl, NLME, Urapidil, Variability

Abstract: Oil is one of the important formulations in Ayurveda for external as well as internal use. In this study, an evaluation of the commercially available Mahamasa, Mahanarayan, sesamum oil was conducted using two different chromatographic Technique (traditional & modified pre chromatographic TLC).HPTLC is an important designing tool to evaluate the oil sample .But sampling strategy of oil in the context of traditional chromatographic method is very lengthy, costly and less convenient.Here we have modulate the chromatographic method with respect to continuous improvement plan(Kaizen approach) such as need based acceptation of saponification and paradigm shift of direct application of oil on TLC plate. Direct application of oil on plate concept adopted from pre-chromatographic derivatization, which oil sample direct applied on TLC plate and developed with suitable solvent system, and during development only unsap material will we separate on TLC plate and then compare with traditional method outcome. Separation pattern of oil on plate are same both method traditional and modified method. That means separate operation will not require for oil separation like hydrolysis of oil, extraction of unsaponifiable material and sample preparation. However modified method is less time, chemical consuming and more convenient for economically evaluation oil sample.

Keywords: Traditional chromatographic, Prechromatographic, Kaizen, Unsaponifiable, HPTLC, Pattern,Oil.

Abstract: Thirty plant species were selected from the published literature as traditionally used by the indigenous people of the Telangana State for common human ailments. Antioxidants present in plants play an important role to protect the human body against damage by reactive oxygen species. In present studies methanolic extract of 30 plants were analyzed in a DPPH assay of free radical scavenging activity and some of the extracts were found to possess activity comparable to ascorbic acid. The plant extracts having higher antioxidant activity are Phyllanthus madaraspatensis, Bauhinia racemosa, Alkanna tinctoria, Ventilago maderaspatana (94.29, 88.13, 66.87 and 100 % inhibition, respectively and IC50 values recorded were 5.48, 9.25, 20.15, 60.15g/ml respectively, while the IC50 value of standard compound (Ascorbic acid) is 20.9g/ml. In present studies 23 plant methanlic extracts were assayed for α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition activity of which 5 plant extracts i.e., Jatropha gossypifolia (59.95), cocos nucifera flowers (63.78), Oroxylum indicum (93.24), Euphorbia hirta (62.56) and Cochlospermum gossypium (62.69%) noticed with higher % inhibition and comparable with acarbose. IC50 values of all five plant extracts were recorded as 2.83, 3.42, 0.72,2.91 ,1.9 g/ml respectively while standard IC50 value is 0.69g/ml for Acarbose. In present studies 30 higher % inhibition found were Jatropha gossypifolia (77.95%), Hiptage mandablota (82.16%), Alkanna tinctoria (86.32%), Euphorbia hirta (100%) and Pterocarpus marsupium (75.62%).IC50 values of the plants recorded as Pterocarpus marsupium 55.81, Jatropa gossypifolia 50.23, Hiptage mandablota 20.76 and Euphorbia hirta 60.14 (μg/mL).Our data indicated that these plants could be potential natural sources for further drug development in diabetes. Keywords: Medicinal plants; Diabetes; Alfa-glucosidase enzyme inhibition; AGE inhibition; Antioxidant activity.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine reliability of Short Gravitational Insecurity (SGI) assessment among Indian Children. Short Gravitational Insecurity assessment consists of 5 items with two behavioural categories. Interrater reliability and test-retest reliability of SGI was examined. Fifty Gravitational Insecurity children participated in the study. Two raters were trained to administer the SGI Assessment by the first author, using demonstration and verbal instruction. Fifty gravitational insecurity children were tested by two raters for interrater reliability. The primary rater re-administered the SGI Assessment to the same 50 gravitationally insecure children after 2 weeks interval to establish test- retest reliability. ICC was used to analyze the interrater reliability and test-retest reilaibility. The results were 0.90, p<0.001 for Emotional Response; 0.93, p<0.001 for Postural Response; 0.96, p<0.001 for Total Score indicating acceptable level of reliability for emotional response, postural response and total score of the SGI assessment. The results were 0.95 for Emotional Response, 0.90 for Postural Response and 0.97 for Total Score indicating good test – retest reliability. Hence, it provides supportive evidence to the stability of SGI assessment over different period of intervals. The result of this study was concluded that SGI assessment has excellent interrater and test-retest reliability. . It can be used as assessment tool as well as outcome measure to evaluate effectiveness of occupational therapy intervention program.

Key words: Gravitational Insecurity, SGI assessment, reliability ,interrater reliability, test-retest reliability

Abstract: Kutajarista (KTJ) is an Ayurvedic preparation used as a traditional medicine in the South Asian countries for the treatment of diarrhoea, dysentery and irritable bowel syndrome. The effect of chronic administration of KTJ on the serum lipid profile was studied in this experiment. After 28 days of chronic administration of the KTJ preparation to the male Sprague-Dawley rats at a dose of 40 ml/kg the following biochemical changes were noted. There was a statistically very highly significant (p=0.001) increase in serum LDL-C level whereas a significant increase was noted in case of total cholesterol (TC) level (p=0.013). A significant (p=0.039) decrease was noticed in HDL-C level but in case of Non-HDL-C level, a highly significant (p=0.002) increase was noticed. Besides, a statistically very highly significant (p=0.001) decrease was noted in case of serum triglyceride (TG) and VLDL-C level; thus leading to a statistically highly significant increase (p=0.004) in Cardiac Risk Ratio (CRR) (TC/HDL-C) and Atherogenic Coefficient (AC) ((TC -HDL-C)/HDL-C), a statistically very highly significant (p=0.001) increase in Castelli's Risk Index-II (CRI- II) (LDL-C/HDL-C) but a statistically very highly significant decrease (p=0.001) in case of Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) ((log (TG/HDL-C)).

Keywords: Kutajarista, Lipid profile, Cardiac Risk Ratio, Atherogenic Index of Plasma, Atherogenic Coefficient.

Abstract: Most often people regardless of whether they are old or young tend to forget their medicines. Timely medication is very necessary for the cure of any disease. An automatic pill dispenser with the ability to distribute multiple pills foe a certain patient or a private individual can allow more attention to be given to patients and elderly to remember when and what dosage of their medication tobe taken. The heart of our project is the pill dispenser which is the model of a circular drive which has four compartments to place the medicine during four times a day. Our project uses PIC16F877A as our main microcontroller. The dispenser also has a LCD display to display the medication system and medication time is alerted by the alarm. The whole pill dispenser can be movable which is controlled by a remote control.As future work we plan to control robot through voice control and reminder system for refilling the medicines.

Index terms: XBee Module, Stepper motor driver, Servo motor driver, Real time clock