IOSR-JBM   Volume-16 ~ Issue-1 ~ Feb-2014

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Mobile dynamics: A digital fabric supporting India's socio-economic development
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Ms. Mansi Kapoor
	:	10.9790/487X-16130108

Abstract: This study examines the contribution of mobile phones to social & economic development of the country particularly in the area of Delhi and nearby areas like Gurgaon, Noida. The study sample comprises of 250 respondents in the age group of 16-65 and focus groups. Data were collected through questionnaire, 10 focus groups and were analyzed using SPSS. The findings indicate positive contributions of mobile phones improving educational opportunities, supporting democratic participation, access & transfer of information, expanding and strengthening social and business networks therebycutting down travel costs. Mobile technologies and in particular the mobile phone have changed our lives fundamentally. The study shows how mobile phones have become an intrinsic part of most people's lives, connecting them to the rest of the world. They shape how we interact with each other and how we organize friends and family as well as broader networks. In essence, they have become the digital framework of our lives. The present study sets out to investigate the types of impact that mobile technologies have on individuals, society and economy. It has been revealed that mobile phones will be spurring the social and economic development of the country. The Vodafone Institute Survey states that mobile subscriptions' contribution to India's GDP per capita growth will be 11.4% (2010-2012), 4.9% (2012-2015) and 2.1% (2015-2020).

Keywords: mobile phones, economic development, gender equality, social development, educational opportunities, mobile technology.

[1]. TRAI (Telecom Regulatory Authority of India) (2012). "Telecom subscription data as on 31st March 2012‟. Available at http://www.trai.gov.in (accessed 24 July 2012).

[2]. Sood, A.D. (2006). "The mobile development report‟. Research Report. Bangalore: Nokia/CKS.

[3]. Ministry of Finance (2012). "Economic Survey of India, 2011-12‟. Delhi: Government of India.

[4]. Jeffrey. R. and Doron, A. (2013). Cell Phone Nation: How Mobile Phones Have Revolutionized Business, Politics and Ordinary Life in India. Gurgaon: Hachette.

[5]. Heeks, R. (2010). "Do information and communication technologies (ICTs) contribute to development?‟ Journal of International Development 22(5): 625-640.

Paper Type : Research Paper Title : The Role of Power Distance in the Relationship between Employee Motivation and Organizational Commitment: A Study on Education Sector of Pakistan Country : Pakistan Authors : Muhammad Saadat Din || Dr. Mohsin Bashir || Khaliq Ur Rehman Cheema || Sehrish Saba Zafar : 10.9790/487X-16130918

Abstract: The tenacity of this study was to reconnoitre the connotation amongst employee's motivation and organizational commitment in the education sector of Pakistan and the moderating role of power distance in this relationship. The organizational commitment encompasses three components namely: affective, continuance and normative commitment. The results on the base of randomly selected sample of 300 respondents, gathered from public and private sector universities of Pakistan with the response rate of 86 percent, explained that relationship between employee motivation and organizational commitment is positive. Based on Hierarchical Multiple Regression Model, the results also concluded that power distance moderates the relationship between employee motivation and organizational commitment components (affective, normative and continuance commitment) in education sector of Pakistan.

Keywords: Affective Commitment; Continuance Commitment; Employees Motivation; Hierarchical Linear Model; Normative Commitment; Power Distance.

[1]. Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of occupational psychology, 63(1), 1-18.
[2]. Anderfuhren-Biget, S., Varone, F., Giauque, D., & Ritz, A. (2010). Motivating employees of the public sector: Does public service motivation matter? International public management journal, 13(3), 213-246.
[3]. Białas, S. (2009). Power distance as a determinant of relations between managers and employees in the enterprises with foreign capital.Journal of Intercultural Management, 1(2), 105-115.
[4]. Bochner, S., &Hesketh, B. (1994). Power distance, individualism/collectivism, and job related attitudes in a culturally diverse work group. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 25(2), 233-257.
[5]. Chen, Z. X., &Aryee, S. 2004. Empowered to act: understanding the relationship between delegation and employee outcomes in China. Academy of Management Best Paper Proceedings '2004, Louisiana, USA, OB: H1-6. (Carolyn Dexter Award Nominee).

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Analysis of Factors that Gives the Influence on Profitability of TunaCapture Fisheriesfishermen Household in Maluku Province
Country	:	Indonesia
Authors	:	Steven Siaila
	:	10.9790/487X-16131929

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the activity of tuna catching investigated based on profitability level. Variables analyzed were investment, experience and operational cost on operational frequency, catching productivity and operationalrevenueas well as provitability.Data were analyzed by usingStructural Equation Model (SEM) formulation to determine the effect between exogen and endogen variable. The research population was all households of tuna capture fisheries fishermen in Maluku Province. Sample collection technique was by using Area Sampling Method combined with Purposive Sampling Method. Sample collected was 270 respondents from Ambon city, Maluku Tengah Regency, Buru Regency, and West Seram Regency.The results of study were: The first, there was the significant effect among investment, experience and operational cost on operational frequency, productivity, operational revenue and household profitability of tuna fishermen in Maluku Province. The second, household of tuna fishermen still has the potential to be developed by investment addition that can increase profitability. The third,operational cost addition directly increased operational revenue and profitability.
Keywords: Fishing effort, Profitability, Tuna, Maluku Province.

[1] Fisheries and Marine Departement of Maluku , AnnualReport of Fisheries and Marine Departement of Maluku, 2007.
[2] Widodo, J.,dan Suadi.Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Perikanan Laut, ( Cetakan Kedua, Yogyakarta, Penerbit Gadjah Mada University Press, 2008),
[3] Wiadnya, .D.G.R, R. Djohani, M.V. Erdmann, A. Halim, M. Knight, Peter J. Mous and L. Pet-Soede. Study of Capture FisheryManagement Police Kebijakan in Indonesia: Giong to Marine Protection Region Forming. The Nature Conservacy – Southeast Asia Center for Marine Protected Areas, Bali Indonesia, 2009.
[4] Fauzi, A.. Fisheries and Marine Policy, Issue, Synthesis and Idea, PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama Publisher, Jakarta, 2005.
[5] Saefudin, A. M.,and A.M. HanafiahTata Niaga Hasil Perikanan, Second Publication, Universitas Indonesia Publisher, Jakarta, 2006.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Influence of Age and Gender on the Leadership Styles
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Bhargava R. Kotur || S. Anbazhagan
	:	10.9790/487X-16133036

Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate the different leadership styles of the workers and the influence of age and gender on the leadership styles of the workers, in the Chittoor Sugar factory located at Chittoor, a south Indian town. The study concentrated on the three interesting leadership styles that are at the top, bottom and the middle of the leadership authority hierarchy, namely the autocratic, democratic and the laissez-faire leadership styles. The study reveals that the demographic leadership style is the dominant one and age and gender have their own influence on the worker's leadership styles. The study also reveals that with increase in age relatively lesser authority is exhibited by the workers and gender too is found to influence the leadership styles of the workers.
Keywords: Leadership styles, Autocratic, Democratic, Laissez-faire, Age, Gender.

[1] Adeyemi, T. O (2004). Educational administration: An Introduction. Lagos: Atlantic Associated Publishers. p.71-86.
[2] Adeyemi, T.O. (2007): Research Methods and Theses Writing in Educational Studies. Lagos: New Haven Publishers.
[3] Adeyemi, T.O., Bolarinwa,R. (2013). Principals‟ Leadership Styles and Student Academic Performance in Secondary Schools in Ekiti State, Nigeria. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 2(1), 187-198.
[4] Ahiazu, A. I. (1989). The "Theory A" system of work organization for the modern African workplace. International Studies of Management and Organization, 19(1), 6-27.
[5] Andrew J. DuBrin (2009): Leadership: New York, USA: Houghton Mifflin Company.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Examining the Impact of Perceived Service Quality Dimensions on Repurchase Intentions and Word Of Mouth: A Case from Software Industry of Pakistan
Country	:	Pakistan
Authors	:	Abdul Samad
	:	10.9790/487X-16133741

Abstract: This study attempts to investigate the relationship between dimensions of service quality using SERVQUAL, repurchase intention and word of mouth with an emphasis on mediating effect of customer satisfaction. Reliability, tangibility, assurance, empathy, and responsiveness are the five key dimensions of service quality. Total 300 questionnaires were distributed among the clientele of software houses based in Rawalpindi, Islamabad, and Lahore out of which 290 useful questionnaires were useful. The analysis was performed using correlation, multiple regression analysis and Baron and Kenny Test. The results indicated that dimensions of service quality have a significant positive influence on repurchase intention and word of mouth, and customer satisfaction partially mediates between the dependent and independent variable.
Keywords: Service Quality, SERVQUAL, Customer Satisfaction, Repurchase intention, Word of mouth, Baron and Kenny Test.

[1] Ajzen., F. &. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention and behavior; An introduction to theory and research reading. Addison Wesley .
[2] Akbar, P. (2009). IMPACT OF SERVICE QUALITY, TRUST, AND CUSTOMER SATISFACTION ON CUSTOMERS LOYALTY. ABAC Journal Vol. 29, No. 1. , 24-38.
[3] Anderson, E. &. (1993). The antecedents and consequences of customer satisfaction for firms. Marketing Science 12, (1). , 125-143.
[4] Armstrong, G. &. (1996). Principlesof Marketing.(7th edition).
[5] Bitner, M. (1990). Evaluating service encounters:The effects of physical surroundings and employee responses. J Mark.52 , 69-81.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Factors Influencing the Purchase of Agricultural Tractors: An Empirical Study
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. V. Sivakumar || Dr. S. Kaliyamoorthy
	:	10.9790/487X-16134246

Abstract: Consumers make purchase decisions in each and every aspect of their life. Thus studying consumer behaviour becomes more vital. All marketing decisions & activities are based on assumptions about consumer behavior. The following objectives were framed for the paper, to study the factors influencing the purchase of agricultural tractors and to evaluate the most important factors like brand name, subsidy, horsepower, maintenance etc considered for the purchase of agricultural tractors. The study was carried out in Sivaganga district of Tamilnadu state. Descriptive research design has been used in this study. The researcher has used both primary and secondary data for this research. The researcher has collected primary data from the tractor owners who had bought their tractor for service to the dealer point during the study period in sivaganga district. Factor analysis was used to find out the most influencing factors considered by the respondents while making the purchase decision of tractor. It is found as per the ranking given by the respondents subsidy is ranked first and followed by sources consulted, horse power, after sales service, price and brand name respectively are considered for purchase of tractors.
Key Words: Agricultural Equipments, Tractors, Consumer Behavior, Factor Analysis, Branding, Marketing and Production of Equipments etc.

[1] Assael, Henry (1987), Consumer Behavior and Marketing Action, Kent Publishing Co.: Beston, p 87
[2] Kassarjian, Herald H., and Waltraub M. Kassarajan (1979), "Attitudes under low commitment, conditions", in: Attitude Research Plays for Higher Stakes, John C. Mahoney and Bernard Silverman (eds), American Marketing Association: Chicago.
[3] Petty, Richard E. and John T. Cacioppo (1986), C‟omrnunication and Persuasion, Springer-Verlag: New York.
[4] Laurent, Gilles and Jean-Noel Kapferer (1985), "Measuring Consumer Involvement Profiles", Journal of Marketing Research, Vol.22 (February), pp 41-53
[5] Lilien, Gary L., Philip Kotler and Sridhar Moorthy, K. (1999), Marketing Models, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.: New Delhi, pp 68-107.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Impact of Cash Flow Volatility on Cash-Cash Flow Sensitivity
Country	:	Pakistan
Authors	:	UmairTahir || NaeemUllah
	:	10.9790/487X-16134754

Abstract: This study was conducted to learn the impact of cash flow volatility on firm's cash holdings. The result indicated a positive significant coefficient for cash flow and cash flow volatility while leverage had negative and significant coefficient. The study concludes that firms facing risk tends to hold more cash out of there cash flow. All the results obtained by us are in line with the literature available on cash to cash flow sensitivity.
Keywords: market, organizations, cash flow, cash holdings, corporate sectors.

[1] A.Minton, B., & M.Schrand, C. (n.d.). The Impact of Cash Flow Volatility on Discretionary Investment and the Costs of Debt and Equity Financing.
[2] Armen Hovakimian, & Hovakimian, G. (2005). Cash flow Senstivity of Investment: Firm Level Analysis.
[3] Bernadette A. Minton, C. S. (n.d.). The Impact of Cash Flow Volatility on Discretionary Investment and the cost of Debt and Equity Financing.
[4] Cleary, S. (2006). International corporate investment and the relationships between the financial constraints measure.
[5] Easterbrook, F. (1984). Two Agency-Cost Explanations of Dividends. American Economic Review vol.74, p.650-659.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Financial Management Challenges Facing Implementation of Free Day Secondary Education in Imenti North District, Kenya
Country	:	Kenya
Authors	:	Mercy Kaguri || Ibuathu Charles Njati || Kubaison S. Thiaine
	:	10.9790/487X-16135578

Abstract: Almost all modern organizations, including schools have the characteristics of the five basic functions performed by all managers which are planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating and controlling. Due to low transition rate of students from primary to secondary school, the government of Kenya launched Free Secondary Education (FSE) initiative strategy in 2008 with an aim of increasing the transition percentage rate through retention and completion without any discrimination. financial management in Kenya's public secondary schools is a very sensitive managerial role, since a lot of tax payer's money is invested in education. This study was carried out in Imenti North District which is in Meru County, Kenya which sought to address financial planning, reports and control challenges that need to be corrected in order to have an improved and sustainable FSE program.

Key words: financial management, administration, accountability and budgeting.

[1]. ACCA F7 (2010) FINANCIAL REPORTING (INTERNATIONAL AND UK STUDY TEXT 4th Edition London; BPP Learning Media Ltd
[2]. Action Aid International (2010), Contradicting Commitments: How the Achievement of EFA is being undermined by the International Monetary Fund (IMF).
[3]. Akampurira, G. B. (1988) Certificate Economics 1st Edition Nairobi: Oxford University Press
[4]. Andre, F. (2004) Business Mathematics & Statistics 6th Edition Hampshire South-western CENGAGE learning
[5]. Barasa, J.M.N. (2009) Educational Organisation and Management, Nairobi; Jomo Kenyatta Foundation.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Accessibility of Women Enterprise Fund among small and Micro Women Enterprise Owners in Tharaka South District, Kenya
Country	:	Kenya
Authors	:	Hellen Kawira Machira || Ibuathu Charles Njati || Kubaison S. Thiaine || Guyo Huka, S.
	:	10.9790/487X-161379103

Abstract: Since the inception of women enterprise fund in 2009 women entrepreneurs in different parts of the country have accessed the fund; these funds assist women in financing their enterprises and the growth of the enterprises and this contributes towards the overall social and economic development of Kenya as a country. Tharaka south district has made little access into the fund as compared to the neighboring Siakago and Mwingi South Districts that share similar geographical conditions. This study was to examine the factors influencing access to women enterprise fund by women micro and small enterprise owners in Tharaka South District. The study used a descriptive study and was delimited to Tharaka south district only. Stratified random sampling method was be used in selection of the respondents .Questionnaires with structured and unstructured questions were used in collecting primary data. Both qualitative quantitative techniques were used to analyze the data obtained from the field. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS, for windows version 15.0) was used in data management and analysis. Findings were presented in the form of percentages, frequency tables and graphs.
Key words: women groups, financial enterprises, socioeconomic development.

[1]. Abel, H.W.M and Oketch, H.O. (2009). Women Enterprise Fund: Rapid Assessment Report. Nairobi: Blue Rhino Consult.
[2]. Andrea, O. (2006).Information Technology and Small Businesses: Antecedents and Consequences of Technology Adoption. London: Edward Elgar Publishing.

[3]. Agarwal, B. (2003). Gender and Land Rights Re-Visited: Exploring New Prospects via the State, Family and Market. Journal of Agrarian Change, Vol.3 (1-2): 184-224
[4]. Alila, P.O., (2002). Women Street Vendors: Nairobi. Institute of Development Studies, University of Nairobi.
[5]. Arinaitwe, J. K. (2006). Factors Constraining the Growth and Survival of Small Scale Businesses. A Developing Countries Analysis. Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge, 8(2), 167-178.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Work-Life Balance Practices and Demographic Influence: an Empirical approach
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Lavanya L. || Dr. N. Thangavel
	:	10.9790/487X-1613104111

Abstract: The topic of Work-Life balance is a much researched arena, still, the scope of research in this area is amazing. The present article is also under the ambit of Work-life balance, but the researcher focuses on the Work-Life Balance Practices (WLBPs) provided in organisations. The primary objective of the study is identify the impact of demographic factors in taking-up of WLBPs in an IT companies. For the scope of the study, the sample population is set to be women employees working in IT companies in Chennai. A questionnaire was constructed for the research and through online forms and emails questionnaire was distributed. By using Convenience sampling method, 273 responses were collected and analysed using Factor Analysis and Multiple Regression. The results of the analysis indicate that for certain practices there is a definite impact based on the demographic profile of the respondents. The limitation of the study is that it is set to top IT companies (based on Dataquest list 2010) in Chennai and may not be generalised for other industries or SME sector. The practical implication would be for the HR Managers in IT sector, to address their current WLBPs in view of the results of this study.
Key Words: Work-Life Balance Practices (WLBPs), Women Employees, IT companies, Demographic Factors.

[1]. Allen (2001), "Family-Supportive Work environments: the role of organisational perceptions," Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 58(3) 414-435.
[2]. Comfort Derrick, Johnson, Karen and Wallace, David (2003) "Part-time work and family friendly practices in Canadian workplaces" The Evolving Workplace Series, Statistics Canada. http://www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/71-584-MIE/free.htm
[3]. Centre for Work-Life Policy (2001), As mentioned in "Off-Ramps and On-Ramps – Keeping talented women on the road to success," Sylvia Ann Hewlett and Carolyn Buck Luce, Harvard Business Review on Women in Business, Harvard Business School Publishing Corporation 2005
[4]. Crompton and Le Feuvre (1992), Gender, Careers and Organisations, Susan Halford, Mike Savage and Anne Witz, Mac Millan Press Ltd., 1997 Pp 202
[5]. Dataquest (2010), survey available at http://dqindia.ciol.com/content/dqtop20_10/CompanyRanking/2010/210072302.asp retrieved 21.03.2011.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The relationship between effective leadership and organizational excellence
Country	:	Iran
Authors	:	Dr. zeinolabedin amini sabegh || Dr. kiumars Niaz azari || Zahra valaei maleki
	:	10.9790/487X-1613112117

Abstract: This research studies the relationship between effective leadership and organizational excellence. The research method is descriptive – correlational and statistical society consists of all faculty members of Islamic Azad University,Saveh Unit whose numbers are85 people and a sample of 70people was selected by a simple random method according to the Morgan Table. Datacollection toolis two questionnaires that effective leadership is standards and organizational excellenceis researcher – made which are approved byauthoritiesandtheir reliabilities are calculated 0.82 and 0.92, respectively by usingCronbach's alphatest. Frequencytables, bargraphs, mean and standard deviation were used indescriptive statisticsandPearson's correlation coefficientin inferentialstatistics for analyzingdata by SPSSsoftware. Theresultsindicatethat: there is relationship between effective leadershipand correct managementbased ontheformulation andunderstandingofthe key values andstrategies of organization, human resourcesneedsinside andoutside the organization, empowering employees,planning based onthe proper use ofhuman resource, obtainingresultsrelated tocustomersinside andoutside the organization,personnel results, improving community attitudestoward the organization, keyachievements of performance related topolicies and strategies and there is no relationship between effective leadership and the scopeof improving management processes.
Keywords: Effective Leadership, Organizational Excellence, Islamic Azad University of Saveh.

[1]. Babie. Earl (2007), The Practice of Social Research. 11th edition. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing.
[2]. Brown Michael E. Trevino Linda K, Ethical Leadership: A review and future directors, leadership Quarterly 17 (2006) 595-616.
[3]. Garcia-Morales Victor J. Matias - Reche Fernando,)2008), Hurtado- Torres Naria, Influence of transformational Leadership on organizational innovation and performance depending on the level of organizational learning in the pharmaceutical sector, Journal of Organizational Change Management. Vol. 21, Issue: 2, PP: 188-212, 2008.
[4]. Liden Robert G. Wayne Sandy J. Zhao Hao,(2002) Henderson Darrid, Servant Leadership: Development of a multidimensional measure and multi-level assessment, Leadership Quarterly 19 ,161-177.
[5]. Sekaran. Uma (2002), Research Methods for Business: A Skill Building Approach. 4th edition. New York: Joun Wiley & Sons.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Sustainability in India's Retail
Country	:	India
Authors	:	CMA Jayashree Ramanan || Dr. K. P. V. Ramanakumar
	:	10.9790/487X-1613118121

Abstract: Retailing is defined as a set of activities or steps used to sell a product or service to consumers for their personal or family use. The word 'retail' is derived from the French word'retaillier', meaning to 'break bulk'. Focus of this work is to review the sustainability considerations practiced by retailers in India with focus on supply chains and store management. Nevertheless, the need for adopting eco-friendly practices and the necessity for going 'green' has been highlighted.
Key words: Sustainability, retail, green, eco-friendly.

[1] "Retail Policy & Local development Frameworks" (2011) of Friends of Earth www.foe.co.uk
[2] Retailers association of India-Retail & consumer Industry report –"Strategic issues for Retail CEOs – Perspectives on operating in India‟s retail sector " by PWC
[3] Sustainable supply chain management: Review and research opportunities by Sudheer Gupta and others in IIMB Management Review(2011)23,234-235 www.sciencedirect.com
[4] Guidelines for sustainable supply chain management by the Danish Council on Corporate Social Responsibility(CSR) , June 2010
[5] "Kids are sick of climate change" report in the Times of India dated 9.1.2014.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Volatility Transmission between PALS, FOES, MINIONS and TITANS
Country	:	Pakistan
Authors	:	Suleman Gomez || Habib Ahmad
	:	10.9790/487X-1613122128

Abstract: The main reason to conduct the study is to examine that either volatility is transmitted by friends, foes or stronger economies of the world. Daily stock returns from July 1997 to October 2013 from fourteen economies of the world were analyzed. EGARCH model is applied to investigate volatility spillover. Our findings suggests that volatility transmission occurs between countries having friendly terms but no evidence of volatility transmission is found between rivals.
Keywords: PALS, FOES, MINIONS, TITANS.

[1] Abbas, Q., Khan, S., & Shah, S. Z. (2013). Volatility Transmission in Regional Asian stock markets. Emerging Markets Review, 66-77.
[2] Aliber, R. Z. (1983). The international money game. getCITED new york, 304.
[3] Awan, M. K.-u. (2010). A nexus between foreign direct investment & Pakistan's economy. International research journal of finance and economics, 17-21.
[4] Bala, L., & Premaratne, G. (2004). Stock Market Volatility: Examining North America, Europe and Asia. Far Eastern Meeting of the Econometric Society.
[5] Bekaert, H. a. (1997). Emerging Equity Market Volatility. Journal of Financial Economics, 29-77.