IOSR-JBM   Volume-16 ~ Issue-3 ~ March-2014

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Selected Macro – Economic Variables and its Impact on Chinese and Indian Exports
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Rohit Singh Tomar, Dr. Deepika Singh Tomar
	:	10.9790/487X-16320108

Abstract: There is a wide cleft between the exports from India to the world and exports from China to the world. The share of Chinese and Indian exports is 11.13% and 1.60% (WTO, 2012) respectively of the overall worlds' export. This prompts us to find out the impact of selected Indian and Chinese macro economical variables on the exports from India and China respectively.

[1]. Aizenman, J., & Noy, I., " FDI and trade-Two-way linkages?", The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance,Vol. 46, No. 3, pp. 317-337 (2005). Retrieved from Website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.qref.2006.02.004.
[2]. Aslanov E., Gasimov T. & Isayeva A., "Analysis of Economic Factors Affecting Export and Import in the Countries of the South Caucasus", Project Prize Competition and Symposium on International Trade and Regional Integration in the South Caucasus, International School of Economics, Tbilisi State University (12.04.2010), Retrieved from Website: www.iset.ge/files/submission_aslanov__isayeva__gasimova.pdf ..
[3]. Campbell R. McConnell and Stanley L. Brue. 2008 Economics. 17th edition. McGraw-Hill.
[4]. Jayachandran, G., & Seilan, A., " A causal relationship between Trade, Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth for India", International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, Vol. 42, pp. 74-88(2010).
[5]. Liu, X., Burridge, P., & Sinclair, P. J. N. , "Relationships between economic growth, foreign direct Investment and trade: evidence from China", Applied Economics, Vol.34, No. 11, pp. 1433-1440 (2002). Retrieved from Website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036840110100835.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Role of Tri Hita Karana (Thk) Culture and Business Environment toward Personality and Entrepreneurial Spirit (Study on the Members of Chambers Of Commerce in Bali Province)
Country	:	Indonesia
Authors	:	Suana I. Wayan, Eka Afnan Troena, Supartha Wayan Gede, Rofiaty
	:	10.9790/487X-16320919

Abstract: This research aims to analyze the role of tri hita karana (THK) culture and business environment toward personality and entrepreneurial spirit. The total of 95 respondents is taken from business practitioners, members of chambers of commerce in Bali Province. The sample is taken by using proportional random sampling technique in the overall regencies/cities of Bali Province. The analysis utilizes path analysis. The variables of this research consist of tri hita karana (THK) culture, business environment, personality, and entrepreneurial spirit. The result demonstrates that entrepreneurial spirit is affected by tri hita karana (THK) culture, business environment, and personality. Besides, personality is influenced by tri hita karana (THK) culture and business environment. As the effort to strengthen entrepreneurial spirit, it needs personality reinforcement on the entrepreneurs, greater support of business environment, and strong and consistent implementation of tri hita karana culture by those entrepreneurs. The finding of this research is during entrepreneurial effort, entrepreneurs are required to conduct business transaction in based on the honesty as well as great support from family and government. The role of THK culture and business environment toward entrepreneurial spirit is mediated by personality variable.
Keywords: Tri Hita Karana (THK) Culture, Business Environment, Personality, Entrepreneurial Spirit.

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[2]. Alberto Marcati, Gianluigi Guido and Alessandro M. Peluso. 2008. The role of SME entrepreneurs' innovativeness and personality in the adoption of innovations. Original Research Article Research Policy,Volume 37, Issue 9, October, pp. 1579-1590.
[3]. Amin. 2002. Learning proximity and industrial performance: an introduction Cambrige Journal of Economic, vol. 23. Issue 3, October, pp. 239-254.
[4]. Andreas Engelen, Malte Brettel, Gregor Wiest. 2012. Cross-functional Integration and New Product Performance — The Impact of National and Corporate Culture. Journal of International Management, Volume 18, Issue 1, March 2012, pp. 52-65.
[5]. Avner Caspi, Eran Chajut, Kelly Saporta and Ruth Beyth Marom. 2006. The influence of personality on social participation in learning environments. Original Research Article Learning and Individual Differences, Volume 16, Issue 2, September, pp. 129-144.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Schemes of Arrangement in Malaysia: Pre & Post 2010
Country	:	Malaysia
Authors	:	Shahin Alam, Mohammad Dulal Miah
	:	10.9790/487X-16322028

Abstract: Schemes of arrangement can be used as an easier vehicle in a corporate acquisition. An approved scheme is binding on all including shareholders. The issue is how shareholders particularly minority in target company can be treated under a scheme. The main objective of this paper is to analyze key changes of legal framework of schemes of arrangement after coming new Code in force, and to evaluate the rights of minority shareholders in a scheme of arrangement which results in the transfer of control of a company. It further attempts briefly to acquire basic understanding of schemes as well as to consider certain factors, in the form of pros, which may make a scheme more attractive than an offer, and some disadvantages which may make it more appropriate for a bidder to proceed with a takeover by way of an offer. This writing is mostly analytical in nature, and largely based on secondary materials like books, articles, and several online writings. Primary sources of law including certain foreign judicial decisions have also been used in this paper. The scope of this article is limited as it is going to concentrate on only the use scheme of arrangement for takeover purpose and mainly within Malaysian legal authority. Scheme proposed between company and its creditors is also beyond the ambit of this writing. It does not want to argue that whether treatment of all involved in a scheme is fair rather it seeks to extend the debate in a new direction by stating rights of shareholders including minority are being protected under a scheme of arrangement especially after changes.
Keywords: Acquisition of Control, Minority Protection, Scheme of Arrangement, Takeover, Takeover bid.

[1] M. A. Khan, A Guide to Malaysian Takeovers and Mergers Law(Selangor: Sweet & Maxwell Asia, 2013).
[2] C. Chandrasegar, Take-Overs and Mergers (Singapore: Butterworths Asia, 1995).
[3] M. A. Khan, Shareholders‟ Protection under Scheme of Arrangement and Takeovers.<http://www.maicsa. org.my/article_feature/2011/article_feature_1107.aspx>(Retrieved May 3, 2013)
[4] J. Payne, Scheme of Arrangement, Takeovers and Minority Protection, Legal Research Paper Series, no. 42, University of Oxford, 2010.<http://ssrn.com/abstract=1600592>
[5] D. Lea et al. (Ed.), Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary, New 8th edition (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010).

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Customer Satisfaction and the moderating effect of Demographics in Public Sector Banks
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Mukta Dewan, Dr. Sadhana Mahajan
	:	10.9790/487X-16322935

Abstract: The purpose of conducting this research was to explore the customer satisfaction in the public sector banks. The moderating effect of various demographic and situational factors was taken into consideration. This research was mainly based on primary data which had been collected through a well-structured questionnaire The questionnaire had been distributed to 300 respondents. This paper makes a useful contribution as there are very low number of studies that have been conducted in India on such dimensions. This research showed that the customer satisfaction varies from person to person and, bank managers need to conduct more researches in order to evaluate it more strongly.
Keywords: Customer Satisfaction, demographics, Public Banks.

[1] Wang, C., Han, X., & Wen, B. (2003). An empirical study of the relationship between customer's satisfaction and loyalty. Nankai Business Review, 4, 70-74.
[2] Carter, T. (2010). The challenge of managers keeping customers. International Management Review, 6(2), 20-27.
[3] Voss, G. B., & Voss, Z. G. (2008). Competitive density and the customer acquisition-retention trade-off. Journal of Marketing, 72, 3-18.
[4 ] Chalmeta, R. (2006). Methodology for customer relationship management. The Journal of Systems and Software, 79, 1015-1024.
[5] Peppers, D., & Rogers, M. (2005). Customers don't grow on trees. Fast Company, 25-26.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	An Early Warning System on the Propensity of Survival and Failure of Non-life Insurance Firms in the Philippines (2002-2011)
Country	:	Philippines
Authors	:	Eduardo T. Tornoa, Prof. Tomas S. Tiu
	:	10.9790/487X-16323643

Abstract: This study examines the factors affecting survival and failure of non-life insurance firms in the Philippines and classifies the survivability of the firms into strong, moderate, weak and insolvent firms. Selected insolvency indicators are represented by the variables most commonly found and validated in insurance literature. The study used a 10-year panel data of 79 non-life insurance firms in the Philippines from year 2002 to 2011 Annual Statements (AS) reported at the Philippine Insurance Commission (IC). The variables of the study were tested using Levene-Welch-Games-Howell and logit regression. The result shows that firm size, natural catastrophe due to typhoon and flood, ownership, leverage, degree of diversification, growth of equity and paid-up capital compliance are significant factors that affect the survivability of non-life insurance firms in the Philippines. The result of the study serves as a useful tool for the regulator and stakeholders involved in the industry.
Keywords: non-life insurance, survival, failure, early warning, Levene-Welch-Games-Howell, logit regression.

[1] Atkins, D., & Bates, I. (2008). Insurance. London, U.K.: Global Professional Publishing.
[2] Berry-Stolzle, T. R., Koissi, M.-C., & Shapiro, A. F. (2010). Detecting fuzzy relationships in regression models: The case of insurer solvency surveillance in Germany. Insurance: Mathematics and Economics , 46 (3), 554-567.
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[4] Chen, R., & Wong, K. A. (2004). The determinants of financial health of Asian insurance companies. Journal of Risk and Insurance , 71 (3), 469-499.
[5] Cheng-Ping, C. (2006). Establishing a performance prediction model for insurance companies. Journal of American Academy of Business , 8 (1), 73-77.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Employment Generation in Nigeria: A Statistical Investigation
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Okoro H. Matthew, Atan A. Johnson
	:	10.9790/487X-16324456

Abstract: While we believe that sample issues and measurement errors could contribute to the complexity of FDI-economic growth empirical analyses, the present work suggests that 99% of the mixed results are attributable to poor statistics, data treatment and model specifications.

[1]. Adofu, I., (2010). Accelerating Economic Growth in Nigeria, The Role of Foreign Direct Investment. Current Research Journal of
Economic Theory 2(1): 11- 15
[2]. Abu, M., and Achegbulu, J. O., 2011, An investigation of the impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth of Nigeria,
International Business and Management, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp 232-238.
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39–67.
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[5]. Andren, T., (2007). Econometrics, Thomas and Andren Ventures Publishing ApS.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Challenges of implementing internal control systems in Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) in Kenya: A case of Faith-Based Organizations (FBO) in Coast Region
Country	:	Kenya
Authors	:	Hassan Sheba Abdulkadir
	:	10.9790/487X-16325762

Abstract: This paper seeks to expose the challenges of implementing internal control systems in NGO sector in Kenya with particular reference to FBOs in coast region of the country. The study opens with a brief introduction of how NGOs operates and its reliance on informal management structure. It then demonstrates how internal control is crucial aspect of an organization's governance system and ability to manage risk. Challenges of implementing internal controls were looked at in three main perspectives; the limitations of financial controls, the scope of functionality of corporate governance controls and the practicability of ethics and compliance controls, in FBOs. The evidence shows that FBOs in coast region mostly relies on traditional and informal control structure to fulfill their welfare agendas. Formal internal control systems as practiced in the corporate world have not fully been incorporated in the FBOs control systems. However, management controls that incorporate internal controls along with traditional welfare goals are considered a useful starting point in the move towards managing in a more competitive NGO sector and FBOs are not an exception.
Keywords: financial controls, corporate governance, ethics and compliance controls.

[1] Arel B. et al (2005). Evaluating Internal Controls: The Moderating Effect of Auditor Experience on the Persuasiveness of Evidence from Management Self-Assessment. W.P. Carey School of Business Arizona State University, Arizona.
[2] Bongani N. (2013). Application of Internal Controls in NGOs: Evidence from Zimbabwe. Journal of Finance and Accounting, 2013, Vol. 1, No. 2, 39-47. Science and Education Publishing
[3] Chenhall R. et. Al (2010).The role of management control systems in NGOs. Chartered Institute of Management Accountants, Volume 6, London, United Kingdom.
[4] Holt T. (2006). The Effects of Internal Audit Report Disclosure on Perceived Financial Reporting Reliability. The University of Alabama, Culverhouse School of Accountancy, Alabama.
[5] International Federation of Accounts (2003).Evaluating and Improving Internal Control in Organizations. International Federation of Accounts, New York.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Competitiveness of SMEs through Different Strategies
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Munish Kumar Tiwari
	:	10.9790/487X-16326368

Abstract: Government can play important role in encouraging SMEs to innovate and implement the strategies required to meet the challenges of globalization through proper regulation, incentives, and institutional learning. The most important goal for high tech SMEs like technology developers or lead technology users which is 15% of the total SME population, are to promote the development of the private venture capital industry and associated services and adjust the management and objectives of public R&D granting programmes. Vast majority of SMEs who are technology followers, novel technology and innovation policies should address their needs related to non financial innovation like consulting services, recruitment of university graduates, awareness of new ideas and technologies, and incentives and institutional frameworks.

Keywords: Innovative strategy, information technology strategy, niche strategy, network strategy & cluster strategy.

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[6] Feller, I., 1997, "Federal and State Government Roles in Science and Technology," Economic Development Quarterly, 11(4), 283-296.
[7] Glaeser, E., Kallal, H., Scheinkman, J. and Shleifer, A., 1992, "Growth of Cities," Journal of Political Economy, 100, 1126-1152.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Mergers and Acquisitions with a reference to Ethical, Social and Human Resource
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Mayur Taneja, Noopur Saxena
	:	10.9790/487X-16326972

Abstract: Mergers and acquisitions are used by firms to strengthen and maintain their position in the market place. It is a way for companies to grow and expand into new markets, incorporate new technologies and to innovate and this business is rapidly increasing.Yet their success is by no means assured. To the contrary, a majority fall short of their stated goals and objectives. As a consequence, there are numerous social costs, including lost jobs, lost income to families and lost taxes to the local communities. Most of these social costs are not there when mergers and acquisitions are successful. While some failure can be explained by financial and market factors, a substantial number can be traced to neglected ethical, social &human resource issues and activities.These issues have to be resolved in order to ensure a successful merger. This paper coverstypes of mergers and acquisitions, the reasons for their successes and failures& will highlight Ethical, Social and Human Resource issues that need to be addressed while undertaking M & A activities, followed by an overview of recommendations for companies & employees.

Key Words: Merger, Acquisition, Ethical Issues, Social Issues, Human Resource Issues

[1] Evans, P., P.Barsoux, and V. Pucik (2002) Global HRM Challenge (London: McGraw-Hill);
[2] (2001) "The Great Mergers Wave Breaks," The Economist (January 27: 59-60); S. Kapner (2002),"Banking Mergers Gain Momentum in Europe," The New York Times (April 24:1and 7).
[3] L. M. Holson (2000) "Whiz Kid: Young Deal Maker is a Force Behaind a Company's Growth,"
[4] The New York Times on the Web, June 28; O'Reilly, C. and Pfeffer, J. (2000) Hidden Value: How Great Companies Achieve Extraordinary Results with Ordinary People (Boston: Harvard Business School Press) : 49-77
[5] HR issues, activities and responsibilities in mergers and acquisitions by Randall S. Schuler and Susan E. Jackson, School of Management and Labour Relations, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
[6] http://www.mergersandacquisitions.in/merger-and-acquisition-in-india.htm

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	What motivational factors influence Students' Interest in Sales Career? An Empirical Investigation in Malaysia
Country	:	Malaysia
Authors	:	Muhammad Khalilur Rahman, Masilah Mohamad, Abdul Highe Khan
	:	10.9790/487X-16327379

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to explore various motivational factors to college students' interest in sales career. After assessing those factors we were able to determine the best predictor of motivational factors to college students' interest in sales career. A total of 130 respondents were obtained from students in International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) and Multimedia University (MMU) in Malaysia.

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