iosr-JDMS   Volume-13 ~ Issue-12 ~ December-2014

Abstract: Background: Stroke is an important cause of premature death and disability in developing countries such as India. A low ankle-brachial index (ABI) is predictive of peripheral arterial disease. Early assessment of the patient may be beneficial in rapid identification of severe cases, treatment and most importantly, disability limitation.

[1]. Jeyaraj Durai Pandian and Paulin SudhanStroke Epidemiology and Stroke Care Services in India.J Stroke. Sep 2013; 15(3): 128– 134.
[2]. Asian acute stroke advisory panel: stroke epidemiological data of nine Asian countries. J Med Assoc Thai. 2000; 83: 1–7.
[3]. Dalal PM. Studies in young and elderly: risk factors and strategies for stroke prevention. J Assoc Physicians India. 1997; 45: 125– 131.
[4]. Schroll M, Munck O. Estimation of peripheral arteriosclerotic disease by ankle blood pressure measurements in a population study of 60-year-old men and women. J Chronic Dis. 1981; 34: 261–269
[5]. Zheng ZJ, Sharrett AR, Chambless LE, Rosamond WD, Nieto FJ, Sheps DS, Dobs A, Evans GW, Heiss G. Associations of ankle-brachial index with clinical coronary heart disease, stroke and preclinical carotid and popliteal atherosclerosis: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Atherosclerosis. 1997; 131: 115–125.

Abstract: Introduction- Assessment of maturational status is a decisive factor in deciding treatment modality. Various methods till date have been tested to define individual's maturation. This study comprised of 60 samples divided in 3 groups. Group I normal grower (control), group II - vertical growers and group III - horizontal growers. Each sample was assessed for skeletal and dental age using CVMI, SMI stages and canine calcification stages respectively.

1]. S. Chertkow,Tooth mineralization as an indicator of the pubertal growth spurt, Am J OrthodDentofacialOrthop,49,1980,282-288.
[2]. L.S Fishman,Chronological versus skeletal age, an evaluation of craniofacial growth, Angle Orthod,49, 1979, 181-189.
[3]. L.S Fishman,Maturational Patterns and Prediction during Adolescence, Angle Orthod, 57, 1987, 178-193.
[4]. F.E Johnston,Skeletal maturation and cephalofacial development, Angle Orthod, 35, 1965, 1-11.
[5]. Alex F Roche,The reliability of assessments of the maturity of individual hand-wrist bones, Human Biol,48, 1976,585-597.
[6]. L.S Fishman,Radiographic evaluation of skeletal maturation,Angle Orthod, 52, 1982, 88-112.

Abstract: Background: Outcome of infantile intrahepatic cholestasis is highly variable. Aim to investigate various factors affecting outcome of infantile cholestasis. Methods: Retrospective study was conducted through data collection of 70 infant's files who presented with intrahepatic cholestasis. They were divided into two groups according to the fate of jaundice at the end of the first year follow up. Group I: cases with persistent jaundice and group II: cases that were jaundice free by the end of the year. A comparison was done at presentation, 3 and 12 months between the two groups.

[1]. Bezerra JA, BalistreriWF. Cholestatic syndromes of infancy and childhood. Semin Gastrointest Dis, 2001; 12:54-65.
[2]. O'Connor JA, Sokol RJ. Neonatal Cholestasis and Biliary Atresia In: Jonson LR (ed). Encyclopedia of Gastroenterology, Elsevier, USA, 2004; 696-706.
[3]. Mckieman PJ. Neonatal cholestasis. Semin Neonatol. 2002; 7:153-165.
[4]. Venigalla S, Gourley GR. Neonatal Cholestasis J. Arab Neonatal Forum 2005; 2: 27-34.
[5]. Suchy FJ. Neonatal Cholestasis. Pediatrics in Review 2004; 25: 388-396.
[6]. Fischler B, Papadogiannakis N, Nemeth A. Aetiological factors in neonatal cholestasis. Acta Paediatr 2001; 90: 88-92.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the microorganisms from of necrotic root canals and to study the associations between symptoms and certain bacterial species, using culture methods. Nineteen symptomatic and twenty-one asymptomatic cases, between 18 to 75 years, having primary endodontic infections, and adhering to the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected for this study. The targeted microorganisms were Prevotella, Porphyromonas, A.actinimycetmcomitans. E.faecalis.. The organisms that were detected were, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibactor actinomycetemcomitans , Prevotella and additional important bacteria like Streptococci, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Klebsiella Capnocytophaga were found by culture analysis, but microorganisms such as and E. faecalis could not be identified. No association was seen between symptoms and bacterial species detected.

Keywords: culture, endodontic infection, microbial identification.

[1]. Sundqvist G. Association between microbial species in dental root canal infections. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1992, 7: 257-262.
[2]. Sathorn, P Parashos, HH Messer. How useful is root canal culturing in predicting treatment outcome? J Endod 2007;33:220-225.
[3]. Jose F Siqueira Jr. II Young Jung, I N Rocas, Chang Young Lee. Differences in prevalence of selected bacterial species in primary endodontic infections from two distinct geographic locations. Oral Surg Oral Med Pral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2005; 99:641-647.
[4]. Schenkein H A, Burmeister J A , Koertge TE, Brooks CN, Best AM, Moore LV, et al. The influence of race and gender on periodontal microflora. J Periodontol. 1993,64: 292-296.
[5]. Sirinian G, Shimizu T, Sugar C, Slots J, Chen C. Periodontopathic bacteria in young healthy subjects of different ethnic backgrounds in Los Angeles. J Periodotol 2002;73:283-288.
[6]. Baumgartner JC, Siqueira JF Jr, Xia T, Rocas IN. Geographical differences in bacteria detected in endodontic infections using Polymerase chain reaction. J Endod 2004;30:141-144

Abstract:Patient flow management is considered a persistent and refractory problem in most countries surveyed. However, now, the ability to perform such analyses is severely limited by a lack of data. In most countries, there is no link between ambulatory and non-ambulatory patient data, which makes it difficult to carry out studies that find out common factors that affect these flows. Hence, by knowing the factors that have a negative influence on the efficiency of patient flow planning and the factors that have a positive influence, the efficiency of the hospital could be increased through overcoming the negative factors and improving the positive one.

Key words: Patient Flow, Health Care, Patient Satisfaction

1]. Blackley J, Burley G, Duffy M et al. Improving patient flow. The Health Foundation. 2013. Retrieve from www.health.org.uk/enewsletter [2]. Beaudry A, Laporte G, Melo T, Nickel S. Dynamic transportation of patients in hospitals.OR Spectrum. 2010; 32:77-107.
[3]. Cardoen B, Demeulemeester E, Beliën J. Operating room planning and scheduling;a literature review. European journal of Operational Research, 2009; 201: 921-932.
[4]. Vos L, Groothuis SG, Van Merode G. Evaluating hospital design from an operations management perspective. Health Care Management Sciences. 2007; 10:357–364.
[5]. Belson David. Improving Efficiency in the Safety Net: Management Engineering Practice and Cases. California HealthCare Foundation. 2010.
[6]. Cayirli T, Veral E. Outpatient scheduling in health care: a review of literature. Production and Operations Management. 2003; 12:519-549.

Abstract: Sacrococcygealteratoma (SCT) is known as a disease of infants but is rare in adults.. This is an uncommon location of teratoma in adults and malignant transformation has been rarely described. The clinical, radiological and histopathological characteristics of this case are described.Although complete surgical resection is the standard of care, with malignant transformation SCTs havea poor outcome.We report here the case of a 53 yr old female with sacrococcygeal teratoma

Key words: Adult, Sacrococcygeal, teratoma

[1]. Keslar PJ, Buck JL, Suarez ES. Germ cell tumors of the sacrococcygeal region: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics 1994;14:607–20.
[2]. Wells RG, Sty JR. Imaging of sacrococcygeal germ cell tumors. Radiographics 1990;10:701–13.
[3]. Schropp KP, Lobe TE, Rao B, Mutabagani K, Kay GA, Gilchrist BF, et al.Sacrococcygeal teratoma: The experience of four decades. J PediatrSurg 1992;27:1075‑8.
[4]. Pauniaho SL, Heikinheimo O, Vettenranta K, Salonen J, Stefanovic V, Ritvanen A, et al. High prevalence of sacrococcygeal teratoma in Finland‑A nationwide population‑based study. Acta Paediatr 2013;102:e251‑6.
[5]. Golas MM, Gunawan B, Raab BW, Füzesi L, Lange B. Malignant transformation of an untreated congenital sacrococcygeal teratoma: A amplification at 8q and 12p detected by comparative genomic hybridization. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 2010;197:95‑8.

Abstract: Stigma in patients living with HIV (PLWHIV) is an important factor influencing the non disclosure of disease as well as treatment. Stigma levels were measured in 43 Women living with HIV/AIDS, in Coimbatore district , Tamilnadu, India. Scores in the 4 domains of stigma –Personalized stigma, Disclosure stigma, Negative self-image and Public attitude stigma were calculated using the standardised Berger scale . Overall mean scores of each of the four forms of stigma was calculated.

[1]. UNAIDS, GAP REPORT 2013 http://www.unaids.org/.
[2]. Global Update On Hiv Treatment 2013 : 2013;(June). [3]. Ban Ki-Moon. The Stigma Factor: Biggest Hurdle To Combat Hiv/Aids The Washington Times (Us) 06 August 2008 [4]. Unaids (2010). Global Report: Unaids Report On The Global Aids Epidemic (2010). [Online] Www.Unaids.Org/Globalreport/Documents/ 20101123_Globalreport_Full_En.Pdf
[5]. Katz IT, Ryu AE, Onuegbu AG, Psaros C, Weiser SD, Bangsberg DR, et al. Impact of HIV-related stigma on treatment adherence: systematic review and meta-synthesis. 2013;16(Suppl 2).

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the knowledge, attitude and practice about hypertension in adult hypertensivepatients at a rural clinic of Coastal Karnataka METHODOLOGY: A study was conducted on five hundred diagnosed hypertensive patients during a one year period in 2013. Patients were questioned by authorized doctors and assessed for various lifestyle and risk factors. A semi-structured pre-tested questionnaire was used to assess socio demographic variables and knowledge, attitude, practices regarding hypertension. Results were analysed using SPSS version 15.

[1]. Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N, PetoR,Collins R. Prospective Studies Collaboration. Age specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual datafor one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet. 2002 Dec 14;360:1903–13
[2]. Wang J, Staessen J, Franklin S, Fagard R, GueyffierF. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure lowering as determinants of cardiovascular outcome. Hypertension. 2005;45:907–13.
[3]. Chobanian A, Bakris G, Black H Cushman W. The seventh report of the joint national committee onprevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA.2003 21;289:2560–72.
[4]. Stamler J, Stamler R, Neaton J. Blood pressure, systolic and diastolic, and cardiovascular risks.U.S. population data. Arch 4. Intern Med. 1993; 53:598–615.

Abstract:Acute gastro-intestinal bleeding is potentially a life-threatening abdominal emergency and has been a common cause of hospitalization.1 It is always fascinating as well as informative to know the various causes of upper and lower gastro-intestinal bleeding prevalent in a particular region. It helps us in early diagnosis and prompt management of the case in thatarea. Keeping this in mind we started a project to see the common causes of gastro-intestinal bleeding as confirmed by direct endoscopy methods in patients admitted in Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Alor Setar, Malaysia between June,2012 to November,2012.

Key Words: Gastrointestinal bleeding, Endoscopy, Colonoscopy, Bleeding sites.
Abbreviations used-- HSB Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia; LGIB Lower gastro-intestinal bleeding; UGIB Upper gastro-intestinal bleeding; OGDS Oesophago-Gastro-Duodenoscopy.

[1]. Maurice A Cerulli, Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding, MedscapeMay 2, 2014.
[2]. John R Saltzman, UpToDate, Inc.,October 3, 2014.
[3]. Patient.co.uk
[4]. Mosle Nadier, Rami Eliakim The Role of Capsule Endoscopy in Acute Gastrointestinal Bleeding. The Adv. Gastroenterol, 2014, 7(2),87-92.
[5]. Patient.co.uk

Abstract: Cinching instrument and tucker has been used by orthodontist since many years which are very costly and bulky in use. This is a clinical innovation which results in a cinch back instrument with tucker. Instead of using costly and bulky instruments, we innovated a new instrument which can be easily made in negligible cost and time. We have taken a discarded probe and soldered it with discarded tube and we got distal end cinching instrument. We have added and modified with tucker also by making the round surface of probe plain and placing a ditch over it. Here we get cinching instrument with tucker in negligible time and cost. We can use it as tucker and as cinching instrument both with same result which came with two different instruments. Keywords: cinching instrument, discarded probe, discarded tube, tucker.

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Abstract: Thermal, chemical or mechanical lesion that affects the dentition should be analyzed as a dental trauma and its effect, as a traumatic dental injury. Splinting is recommended as a treatment modality for traumatized teeth after avulsion or luxation. Replantation of teeth is the surgical method of positioning of teeth back in its original place in the sockets, which was altered by the consequences of trauma. Newer technique modification of replantation where there is induced extrusion and stabilized by splinting is called an extrusion splint.

[1]. Bijella MFTB. Estudo de traumatismo em incisivos permanantes de escolanes. Brasileiros de Bauru-Estado de Sa˜o Paulo: Facultade de Odontologie de Baoto; 1972.
[2]. Zadik D, Fuks A, Eidelman E, Choseck A. Traumatized teeth: two year results. J Peded 1980;4:116–23.
[3]. Harlamb SC, Messer HH. Endodontic management of a rare combination (intrusion & avulsion) of dental trauma. Endod
a. Dent Traumatol 1997;3:42–6.
[4]. Barrett EJ, Kenny DJ. Avulsed permanent teeth: a review of the literature and treatment guidelines. Endod Dent Traumatol 1997;13:153–63.
[5]. Trope M. Clinical management of the avulsed tooth: present strategies and future directions. Dent Traumatol 2002;18:1–11.
[6]. Trope M, Chivian N, Sigurdsson A, Vann WF. Traumatic injuries. In: Cohen S, Burns RC, editors. Pathways of the pulp, 8th edn. St. Louis, MO: Mosby; 2002. p. 636–45.

Abstract:A 42 years old female referred in our tertiary care centre with history of road side accident (2014-11-08), with degloving injury of left lower limb and left upper limb injury for K-wiring and debridement.
After checking base line investigation and fasting condition (all investigation including chest-X ray, ECG and CBC were within normal limit except low HB of 9 mg/dl) anaesthetic plan was prepared. Spinal anaesthesia started for lower limb surgery by using free flow of CSF technique with 27 G quincke's needle and 2 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine heavy. Case started and completed smoothly with stable haemodynamics.

[1]. Miller RD. Anesthesia, vol 2, 5th ed. Churchill Livingston, USA, 2000; 1523-4.
[2]. Berry FR. Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block, Anesthesia & Intensive Care, Edgecliff, 2000;28:708
[3]. Hinrich MH. Infra-clavicular plexus block: Two approaches, Abteilung Anesthesiologie/Intensiumedizin.
[4]. Brown DL.Atlas of Regional Anesthesia. 2nd ed. Saunders, USA, 1999;33-9.
[5]. Green DP. Operative Hand Surgery, Vol 1.3rd ed. Churchill Livingston, USA, 1993; 26-32.
[6]. Fincan B. Complication of Brachial Plexus anesthesia. 20, Sep 2002
[7]. Brown DL, Ransom DM. Hall JA. Regional anesthesia and local anesthetic induced systemic toxicity: Seizure frequency and accompanying cardiovascular changes. Anesth Analg, 1995; 8: 321.

Abstract: Background: Deliberate self-harm (DSH) is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality throughout the world, psychiatric comorbidity in such patients further worsens the picture. Scanty data are available from India, much less on the correlation between the psychiatric morbidity and the intent of the act. Aims And Objectives: To categorize the survivors of the DSH on the degree of intentionality of the act. To study the correlation of the characteristics of the suicidal act and the psychiatric comorbidity with the intentionality of the act.

[1]. SarkarP, SatterFA, GodeN, BasannarDA. Failedsuicideanddeliberateselfharm:Aneedforspecificnomenclature. IndianJPsychiatry2006;48:78-83.
[2]. Bhattacharya AK, Bhattacharjee S, Chattopadhyay S, Roy P, Kanji D, Singh OP. Deliberate self-harm: A search for distinct group of suicide. Indian J Psychol Med 2011;33:182-7.
[3]. Das PP, Grover S, Avasthi A, Chakrabarthi S, Malholtra S, Kumar S. Intentional self harm seen in psychiatric referral a tertiary care hospital, Indian J Psychiatry 2008;50:187-91.
[4]. Platt, S., Bille-Brahe, U., Kerkhof, A., et al (1992) Parasuicide in Europe: the WHO/EURO multicentre study on parasuicide. I. Introduction and preliminary analysis for 1989. ActaPsychiatricaScandinavica, 85, 97-104
[5]. Camilla Haw, Keith Hawton, Kelly Houston and Ellen Townsend. Psychiatric and personality disorders in deliberate self-harm patients, BJP 2001;178:48-54.
[6]. Foster, T., Gillespie, K. and McClelland, R., (1997). Mental disorders and suicide in northern Ireland, BJP 170, 447-452.

Abstract: This cross sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of UTI among population visiting Jinnah Hospital Lahore to identify microorganisms responsible for UTI to explore sensitivity patterns of identified microorganisms to certain antibiotics used in the cure of UTI. This study included 378 samples of all age groups. In this study we utilized two main approaches, questionnaire and urine testing (urinalysis and urine culture). 151 samples showed no growth on culture plates for taking antibiotics at the time of collection of samples. The positive samples for pathogenic microorganisms were 197.discarded tube, tucker.

[1]. Tanagho, Emil A, Mcaninch, Jack W. Smith's General Urology: United States of America. McGraw-Hill companies Inc; Bacterial Infections of the genitourinary tract, 2004, 203-227.
[2]. Owa JA. Urinary tract infections in children, Peadiatrics and child health in tropical region, 2(2), 2007.
[3]. Tessema B, Kassu A, Mulu A, Yismaw G. Predominant isolates of urinary tract pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in Gondar University Teaching Hospital North West Ethiopia. Ethiop. Med. J, (1), 2007, 61-67. [4]. Car J. Urinary tract infections in women: diagnosis and management in primary care. BMJ, (332), 2006, 94-97.
[5]. Bhat RG, Katy, TA, Place FC. Pediatric urinary tract infections. Emergency medicine clinics of North America., 29 (3), 2011, 637–653.
[6]. Vasquez A, Jakobsson T, Ahrne S, Forsum U, Molin G. Vaginal Lactobacillus Flora of Healthy Swedish Women. J. of Clin. Micro, 40 (8), 2002, 2746–2749.

Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the attitudes of dentists toward the use of rubber dam during various restorative procedures in their dental practices. A structured questionnairie was designed, and distributed to 300 dentists and those that were fully completed were collected for analysis. The collected information about the attitudes of dentists toward the use of rubber dam was statistically analyzed in terms of percentages and frequencies using SPSS 10 soft ware. Out of 200 hundred respondents 178 ( 89%) do amalgam and out of those 50% never used rubber dam and 13% always used the rubber dam. 96.5% do direct anterior composite restorations, out of those 63.7% never used the rubber dam whereas 18% always used the rubber dam. 94.5% do direct posterior composite restorations, out of those 65.6% never used the rubber dam and 11.6 % always used the rubber dam. 76% do the endodontic treatment, out of those 36% never used the rubber dam and 26.9% always used the rubber dam.

Keywords: Attitude, Dental practice, Endodontics, Operative, Rubber dam

[1]. Ahmad IA. Rubber dam usage for endodontic treatment: A review. Int Endod J 2009;42:963‑72.
[2]. Lynch CD, McConnell RJ. Attitudes and use of rubber dam by Irish general dental practitioners. Int Endod J 2007;40:427‑32.
[3]. Samaranayake LP, Reid J, Evans D. The efficacy of rubber dam isolation in reducing atmospheric bacterial contamination. ASDC J Dent Child 1989;56:442‑4.
[4]. Sjogren U, Figdor D, Persson S, Sundqvist G. Influence of infection at the time of root filling on the outcome of endodontic treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis. Int Endod J 1997;30:297‑306.
[5]. Whitten BH, Gardiner DL, Jeansonne BG, Lemon RR. Current trends in endodontic treatment, report of a national survey. J Am Dent Assoc 1996; 127;1333-1341.
[6]. Slaus G, Bottenberg P. Asurvey of endodontic practice amongst Flemish dentists. Int Endod J 2002;35;759-767.

Abstract: Aim: To study the association of obesity with the severity of periodontitis and to compare the blood glucose levels and plasma lipid profile in obese and non obese subjects with chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 systemically healthy patients, aged 30 to 60 years were included in the study. Periodontal status of the subjects was assessed by recording Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and Gingival Index (Loe& Silness1963).

[1]. Ling Yang, Ping Li, Suneng Fu, Ediz S. Calay, Go¨khan S. Hotamisligil. Defective Hepatic Autophagy in Obesity Promotes ER Stress and Causes Insulin resistance. Cell Metabolism. 2010; 11:467-478.
[2]. Dalla Vecchia CF, Susin C, Rösing CK, Oppermann RV, Albandar JM. Overweight and obesity as risk indicators for Periodontitis in Adults. J. Periodontol.2005; 76:1721- 1728. [3]. Nield-Gehrig JS, Willmann DE. Foundations of periodontics for the dental hygienist (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2007).
[4]. Al – Zahrani MS, Bissada NF, Borawskit EA.Obesity and periodontal disease in young, middle-aged and older adults. J Periodontol. 2003; 74:610-615.
[5]. Beck JD, Offenbacher S. Systemic effects of periodontitis: epidemiology of periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease. J Periodontol. 2005; 76(11):2089-2100.
[6]. Genco RJ, Grossi SG, Ho A, Nishimura F, Murayama Y. A proposed model linking inflammation to obesity, diabetes, and periodontal infections. J Periodontol. 2005; 76(11):2075-2084.

Abstract: Mammary (breast) tuberculosis is a rare manifestation of extra-pulmonary localization of the disease which accounts for less than 0.1% of breast conditions in developed countries, but reaches 3–4% in regions where the disease presents with high incidence (India, Africa). It appears mostly in women of reproductive age group with high incidence in multi parous and lactating women. The clinical presentation is usually of a solitary, ill defined, unilateral hard lump situated in the upper outer quadrant of the breast.

[1]. Cooper AP. IUustrations of the diseases of the breast. London: Longman, Rees Co.,1829.
[2]. Halstead AC, LeCount ER. Tuberculosis of the mammary gland. Ann SUrf 1898;28:685-707.
[3]. Hamit HF, Ragsdale TH. Mammary tuberculosis. (Editorial) JR Soc Med 1982; 75:764765
[4]. Tabar L, Kelt K, Nemeth A. Tuberculosis of the breast. Radiology 1976;118:587-589.
[5]. Ducroz B, Nael LM, Gautier G, et al Tubreculose mammaire bilatb-ale: un case. Revue de Ia literature. J Gyntcol Obsttt Bioi Rtprod (Paris) 1992;21:484-488.

Abstract: Malignant rhabdoid tumour (MRT) is a well established aggressive malignant neoplasm occurring in kidney particularly in infants and children. When this type of tumor involves any extrarenal site it is termed malignant extrarenal rhabdoid tumor (MERT). Here we report a case of MERT involving the oral cavity. To the best of our knowledge, apart from us only one oral MERT has been documented. Due to their scarcity, prompt and bold diagnosis is quite challenging for a histopathologist.

[1]. Beckwith JB, Palmer NF. Histopathology and prognosis of Wilms' tumor: results from the first national Wilms' tumor study. Cancer 1978;41:1937–48. [2]. Schofield DE, Beckwith JB, Sklar J. Loss of heterozygosity at chromosome regions 22q11–12 and 11p15.5 in renal rhabdoid tumors. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1996;15:10–17. [3]. Douglass EC, Valentine M, Rowe ST. Malignant rhabdoid tumor: a highly malignant childhood tumor with minimal karyotypic changes. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1990;2:210–16.
[4]. Patron M, Palacios J, Rodriguez-Peralto JL, Burgos E, Contreras F. Malignant rhabdoid tumor of the tongue. A case report with immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1988;65:67-70.
[5]. Brennan BM, Foot AB, Stiller C, Kelsey A, Vujanic G, Grundy R, Pritchard Jones K; United Kingdom Children's Cancer Study Group (UKCCSG). Where to next with extracranial rhabdoid tumours in children. Eur J Cancer 2004;40:624-6.
[6]. Mazzocchi M, Chiummariello S, Bistoni G, Marchetti F, Alfano C. Extrarenal malignant rhabdoid tumour of the heel--a case report. Anticancer Res 2005;25:4573-6.