iosr-JDMS   Volume-13 ~ Issue-12 ~ December-2014

Abstract: Phoenix dactilifera (P. dactilifera) has previously been used in the treatment of various ailments; therefore, a study aimed at histologically determining the anti-diarrheal effects of this plant on rats was necessitated. Thirty six (36) Wistar rats of both sexes (150-240g) were randomly assigned to six groups each of six animals and housed in separate cages. Group VI received only water, V received 10μg/g of Castor oil, while those in I-III were pre-treated with P. dactilifera (4μg/g, 8μg/g and 16μg/g) respectively orally before 10μg/g oil. The standard drug Loperamide was administered to group IV (5μg/g, orally). Following treatment with castor oil, the animals were placed in separate cages over clean white sheets and were inspected four hours for the presence of diarrheal droppings.

[1]. WHO, (2011). World Health Statistics. World Health Organization, Geneva.
[2]. Ahlquist DA, (2001): Constipation and Diarrhea. In: Principles of Internal Medicine. (Edited by Hauser, S., Longo, D., Jameson, L., Braunwald, E., Fauci, A., Kasper, D.,), Mcgraw Hill Medical Publishing Division, New York 1: 241-247.
[3]. Syder JH, Merson MH, (1982): The magnitude of the global problem of acute diarrheal disease. A review of active surveillance data. Bulletin of World Health Organization, 60: 605.
[4]. Sani D, Sanni S, Ngulde SI, (2009). Phytochemical and antimicrobial screening of the stem aqueous extract of Anisopus mannii 3(3): 112-115.
[5]. Amadou CK, (1998). Promoting alternative medicine. Africa Health J. 2: 20-25.

Abstract: The aim of our study was to compare IAP recommended growth charts and Khadilkar growth charts in the assessment of height for age and weight for age of children 3-5 years of age going to anganwadis.Material and methods: This was a Cross sectional study conducted over a period of 15 months. Sample size was 400.Results: In our study the IAP Agarwal charts showed more prevalence of both stunting and underweight compared to Khalidkar charts. However the difference was statistically significant in weight for age charts in males.(p value<0.05).Conclusion: A single and uniform standard would be better in assessing the nutritional status in children that can prevent the wrong impressions that can arise as a result of using multiple growth references.

Keywords: IAP recommended charts, Khadilkar charts, nutritional statu, stunting, underweight

[1] KE Elizabeth Nutrition and child development; 4th edition 163

[2] Victora CG, Adair L, Fall C, Hallal PC, Martorell R, Richter L, et al. Maternal and child under nutrition: consequences for adult health and human capital. Lancet.2008; 371:34057.

[3] Agarwal DK, Agarwal KN. Physical growth in Indian affluent children (Birth-6 years). Indian Pediatr 1994; 31:377-413

[4] Khadilkar V, Khadilkar A. Growth charts: A diagnostic tool. Indian J EndocrinolMetab 2011;15 Suppl 3:S166-71.

[5] Savitha MR, Kondapram N. Comparision of 2006 WHO and Indian Academy of Pediatrics Recommended Growth Charts of Under-five Indian Children. Indian Pediatrics.2012; 49:737-39.

[6] Prinja S, Thakur JS, Bhatia SS. Pilot testing of WHO child growth standards in Chandigarh: implications for India's child health programmes. But World Health Organ.2009:87:116-22.

[7] Deshmukh PR, Dongre AR, Gupta SS, Garg BS. Newly developed WHO growth standards: Implications for Demographic Surveys and Child Health Programs. Indian J Pediatr. 2007: 74:987-90.

[8] Khadilkar VV, Khadilkar AV, Chiplonkar SA. Growth performance of Affluent Indian Preschool Children: A comparison with the new WHO growth standard. IndianPediatr. 2010:47:869-72.

Abstract: This study was selected to evaluate and compare: The tensile strength of custom made posts using three different luting cements, namely Zinc phosphate cement (HARVARD), Glass ionomer cement (FUJI 1-GC), Rely X U-100 Dual cure adhesive resin cement (3M ESPE). Sixty extracted single rooted mandibular premolar teeth were selected. Biomechanical preparation done, obturated and then post space prepared using peeso-reamer. The custom made nickel-chromium posts were fabricated for individual teeth. Posts were luted with three different adhesive luting cements and mounted on an acrylic block. The plastic cylindrical tubes were used to embed the specimens in auto polymerizing acrylic resin block. The whole assembly was gripped in a three jawed chuck and connected to the testing machine. The specimens were tested for tensile bond strength using an Instron testing machine. The machine was run to a cross head speed of 1mm/min. increasingly, heavy tensile load were applied to the specimen, till the post comes out the root canal by breaking the cement medium. The results were recorded in Newton's and then converted to kilograms by dividing by 9.81. Retentive qualities were then statistically analyzed.

Keywords: Zinc Phosphate cement, Rely X U-100, Glass Ionomer Cement, Specimen)

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Abstract:Pulmonary agenesis is a rare congenital anomaly, which is often associated with other systemic anomalies. Clinical presentation varies depending on the other systemic anomalies and complications associated with it. Although it is usually diagnosed in a very early age some cases go unnoticed up to adulthood. In this article, we present a case of an elderly woman who presented with fever and vague abdominal symptoms and was later diagnosed as a case of unilateral pulmonary agenesis.

Key Words: congenital anomalies, pulmonary agenesis, systemic anomalies.

[1]. K.L . Moore ,The developing human, clinically oriented embryology 8th ed (Philadelphia;WB Saunders Company,2008)208.
[2]. J.D. Finder JD. Congenital disorders of the lung R.M. Kliegman, B.F. Stanton, J.W. St. Geme, N.F. Schor, R.E. Behrman. Nelson textbook of paediatrics.19th ed(Philadelphia:WB Saunders Company,2012)1463.
[3]. H.P. Gunbey , W. Gunbey , A.T. Sayil , T. Bulut , Unilateral pulmonary agenesis in adulthood,Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research,20/6/2014,8(6)RD01-02. [4]. Y. Zhang , M. Fan, W. Ren, L.M. Xie, C. Ding, W.Sun, et al. Prenatal diagnosis of fetal unilateral lung agenesis complicated with cardiac malposition. Bio Med Central.26/3/2013,13(79),1471-2393 [5]. M.C. Malcon, C.M. Malcon, M.N. Cavada, P.E. Caruso, L.F. Real. Uilateral pulmonary agenesis. Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumolgia 2012,38:526-529. [6]. B.S. Clements. Congenital malformations of lungs and airways.in. L.M. Taussig , L.I. Landau(Ed.), Paediatric respiratory medicine,2 ( Philadelphia :lauraDe Young, 2008)1108-10 [7]. S. Albay ,F. Cankal , S. Tunali , H. Ozan ,Unilateral pulmonary hypoplasis, International Journal of Anatomic Variation,13/10/2008,1:23-25

Abstract:Maternal and child health is the cornerstone of the health of a nation. Death of the mother is a neglected tragedy for the child, family and the society. Persistent high levels of maternal mortality not only reflects poor quality of maternity services facilities prevalent but in reality it is an index of the socio-economic status or poverty, ignorance, inadequate medical facilities and social customs of the people. In the last decade, augmentation of health care facilities for mothers and children has facilitated reduction of maternal and per-natal mortality appreciably. Maternal deaths account for less than 2 percent of all deaths in women of reproductive age in developed countries compared to 10-15 percent in developing countries.

[1]. Rao KA. Presidential address.The 44th All India Obstetric and Gynecological congress.Ahmedabad. December 27, 2000. J ObstetGynecol India 2001; 51: 25-8. [2]. WHO/UNICEF/UNFPA. Maternal mortality in 2005. Estimates Developed by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and the world Bank. Geneva: WHO, 2007. [3]. AICOG Committee Opinion. Number 283, May2003.New US.Food and drug administration labeling on cytolog (misoprostol) use and pregnancy.ObstetGynecol 2003; 101: 1049-50.
[4]. United Nations. UN Millennium Development Goals web site. http: // www.un.org/ millennium goals/.Accessed 1st August 2009 [5]. Bhat P N, Navneetham K, Rajan SI. Maternal mortality in India: Estimates from a regression model. Stud FamPlann 1995; 26: 217-32. [6]. Registrar General. Special Bulletin on Maternal mortality in India 2007-09.Sample registration system. New Delhi, Government of India, 2011.

Abstract: Orofacial cleft is one of the most significant birth defects across the globe. The focus of this work is to highlight the most recent advances in understanding of cleft lip and palate occurrence. Information regarding research on long time outcomes, genes, and their interactions with other genes are compiled to provide the overview on the current knowledge of the etiology of cleft lip and palate .A gene IRF6(interferon regulatory factor) has been shown to be an important contributor to cleft lip and palate ,but the functional variant leading to the defect has not yet been defined. Inactivation of the gene MSX1 and genes in the FGF(fibroblast growth factor) family have also been shown to cause cleft lip and palate in human beings. In addition, mutations in several candidate genes may cause cleft lip and palate, but definitive evidence regarding the biological consequences of the mutations is yet to be unravelled. The recent advances in cleft research includes the analysis of several additional phenotypical features of the population, with the goal of increasing the statistical power of genetic studies.

Keywords: cleft lip palate , IRF6 , genes , mutation , advance

1]. Susan H. Blanton , Amy Cortez , Jacqueline T.Hecht Variation in IRF6 contributes to nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate. 2005 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30887
[2]. K Osoegawa ,G.M Vessere, A.Borg ,J.C Murray Identification of novel candidate genes associated with cleft lip and palate using array comparative genomic hybridization. J Med Genet 2008:45:81-86 doi:10.1136/jmg.2007.055219
[3]. Astanand Jugessur ,Fedik Rahimov , Jeffrey C.Murray Genetic variants in IRF6 and risk of facial clefts: single marker and haplotype-based analyses in a population-based case control study of facial clefts in Norway. 2008 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.20314
[4]. Alexandre R Viera , Joseph R Avila , Jill Harrington Medical Sequencing of candidate genes for Nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate. 2005.DOI:10.1371/JOURNAL.PGEN.0010064
[5]. Brewer C ,Holloways S , Chromosomal deletion map of human malformations. Am J Hum Genet.1998:63:1153-1159

Abstract: Aim: To compare the blood parameters in patients with clinically healthy gingiva and chronic periodontitis for signs of anemia. Materials And Methods: A total of 134 systemically healthy male patients, in the age group 25-50 years, were included in the study. Of these, 67 patients were healthy controls and 67 patients had severe periodontitis. Red blood cell parameters were evaluated from peripheral blood samples. Statistical Analysis: Data were analyzed by student t test and Mann–Whitney test. Results: Data analysis shows that patients with chronic periodontitis had lower values of hematocrit, number of erythrocytes, and hemoglobin and increased ESR level compared to healthy group. No remarkable differences in levels of MCH, MCHC and MCV were found between test and control group.

Keywords: Anemia, Chronic Periodontitis, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), Hemoglobin level (Hb), Red blood cells indices

[1]. Patel MD, Shakir QJ, Shetty A. Interrelationship between chronic periodontitis and anemia: A 6-month follow-up study. J Indian SocPeriodontol 2014; 18:19-25.
[2]. Weiss G, Goodnough LT. Anemia of chronic disease. N Engl J Med 2005; 352:1011-1023.
[3]. Anand N, Chandrasekar SC. Dembla G. Anemia of Chronic Disease and Periodontitis. Indian Journal of Multidisciplinary Dentistry.2011; 1(2):82-85.
[4]. Yu lu S, LiewEng H. Dramatic recovery from severe anemia by resolution of severe periodontitis. J Dent Sci 2010; 5(1):41-46
[5]. Means RT, Krantz SB. Progress in understanding the pathogenesis of the anemia of chronic disease. Blood 1992; 80:1639-1647.

Abstract:Background: Hysterosalpingography is a commonly performed examination due to recent advances and improvement in reproductive medicine.It involves the radiographic delineation of female reproductive organs. The major role of Hysterosalpingography is to investigate the uterus and the fallopian tubes which is achieved following the introduction of contrast agent into the female reproductive system. Objectives: The objective of this study is to analyze the common pathological requests and findings of Hysterosalpingographypatients in AhmaduBello University Teaching Hospital Zaria.

[1]. Agwuna K.K. Anyawu G.E. (2006). Anatomical defects at HSG in Patients with infertility. Journal of experimental and clinical Anatomy; 5(2):7-12.
[2]. Akano A.O, Olatunji O.O, Agaja E.O., and Olakoju P.E. (200). Servers Reaction after buscopan premedication for HSG. Archives of Nigerian medicine and medical sciences; 1(1): 23-25
[3]. Arsian S.A, Itabeys, Koc C, Var T, Bilge U (2004). Evaluation of infertile Women; HSG, Office hysteroscopy or hysterography; which is Better? Journal of fertility; 4:1-4
[4]. Asaleye C.M., Adetiloye V.A., Oyinlola T.O. (2004) Review of HSG reports done for fertility. Nigerian journal of health sciences; 4:36-39.
[5]. Dhaliwal L.K, Gupta K.R. Aggarwal N. (1999) is HSG an important tool in modern gynaecological practice. International journal of fertile women 44:14-16.

Abstract:Background: There has been a number of approach to dose reference level used for medical imaging in Nigeria, to facilitate standardization and ensure optimization for dose reference levels in Medical radiography, specific protocols were reviewed to give detailed inter and intra hospital variations for the same radiologic examinations as recommended by international organizations such as International Atomic Energy Agency, International Commission on Radiological Protection and Committee for European Commission. Objective: To provide protocols for setting dose reference level as quality assurance tool for optimization in medical radiography.

[1]. Ajayi I.R., and Akinwumiju A.A. measurement of entrance skin dose to patients in four common diagnostic examinations in Nigeria. Radiation Protection Dosimetry. 2000, 87:217-220.
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Abstract: Objectives: This is a retrospective nonexperimental observational study with a dual purpose: first, to gather and evaluate pre- and post-treatment statistics at a chiropractic university outpatient teaching clinic using customary instruments of pain and functionality measurement of Low Back Pain (LBP) viz., the Revised Oswestry Disability Index (RODI) and the Neck Disability Index (NDI), the latter for associated Neck Pain (NP). The second purpose is to look into the effectiveness of treatment for indications of LBP and NP. Methods: The study analyzed patient reported outcomes (PRO) data about treatments that patients go through and the resulting improvement in RODI and NDI scores. The pre and post data were then analyzed.

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[5]. Nyiendo J, Haas M, & Goodwin P. Patient characteristics, practice activities and one-month outcomes for chronic, recurrent low-back pain treated by chiropractors and family medicine physicians: A practice based feasibility study. Journal of Manipulative and physiological Therapeutics, 23(4), 239-245 [6]. Burke J, Feasibility of using the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) in academic health centers: case series design on pain reduction after chiropractic care, (2014) Platform presentation abstracts. Journal of Chiropractic Education: Spring 2014, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 55-82

Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to see the maternal and fetal outcome of preterm pre labor rupture membrane and to identify the risk factors for preterm pre labor rupture membrane. Methods And Material: This was a comparative study between the study (PROM) and control group conducted at 2 hospitals attached to M.R.Medical College, Gulbarga in the Department of Obstetric and Gynecology. 100 pregnant women with preterm premature rupture of the membrane (gestational age 28-0 to 36-6 weeks) were included in this study. And 100 pregnant women without PROM before 37 completed weeks are taken into control

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Abstract: Von Willibrands disease is the most common inherited bleeding disorder and hepatitis C a highly infective disease. Here by, we present an interesting case of a large bleeding popliteal varicosity in a patient with type 3 von Willibrands disease and hepatitis C positive status. A 33 year old female patient with a bleeding popliteal varicosity was managed by pressure bandages and foot end elevation at a rural hospital. She was then referred to our center. After resuscitation, she was administered with dried human coagulation factor VIII and cryoprecipitate. On clinical examination there was a bilobed swelling in the popliteal region along with a breach in the skin. Once the patient was hemodynamically stable, Colour Doppler was done which showed a large popliteal varicosity with thrombosis and multiple perforator incompetence in the great and short saphenous territory. Bleeding parameters were optimized by human coagulation factor VIII followed by excision of the large popliteal varicosity under general anesthesia. The outcome of the treatment was remarkable.

Key Words: von Willibrand disease, varicosity bleeding.

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