iosr-JDMS   Volume-13 ~ Issue-2 ~ February-2014

Abstract:Gallbladder disease (GBD) is one of the most common causes of hospital admission in the developed countries, resulting in a substantial cost to health system. The aim of this study is on demographic, characteristic of GBD patients and the associated risk factors. This case-control study includes 200 patients (cases) with GBD, randomly selected from surgery department at el-khoms teaching hospital, Libya from 1 October 2007 to 30 May 2008. In addition,200 subjects matched with age & sex from other inpatients not suffering from GBD were chosen as controls. Ethical considerations were taken. A detailed history, physical examination, biochemical measurements and abdominal sonography were done. A well formed questionnaire for each subject was filled and full investigations were done.

[1]. Aerts R., Penninckx F. (2003) The burden of gallstone disease in Europe. Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 18 (suppl 3):49-53.
[2]. Basso L., McCollum P.T. and Darling M.R. (1992) A descriptive study of pregnant women with gallstones. Relation to dietary and social habits, education, physical activity, height and weight, Eur j epidemiol 8:629-633.
[3]. Boland L.L., Folosm A.R. and Rosamond W.D. (2002) Atherosclerosis risk in communities study i; hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and obesity as risk factors for hospitalized gallbladder disease;a prospective study . Ann epidemiol. 12:131-140.
[4]. Buch S., Schafmayer C. and Volzke H. (2007) A genome –wide association scan identifies the hepatic cholesterol transporter ABCG8 as a susceptibility factor for human gallstone disease. Nat Genet 39:995-999.
[5]. Cuevas A., Miquel J.F. and Reyes M.S. (2004) Diet as a risk factor for cholesterol gallstone disease. J am coll Nutr 23:187-196.
[6]. Dhiman R.K. and Chawla Y.K. (2006) Is there a link between estrogen therapy and gallbladder disease? Expert Opin Drug Saf 5:117-129.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Prevelence of Cervical Ribs in a Nigeriapopulation
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Ebeye O Abimbola, Apare A Willido.
	:	10.9790/0853-13210507

Abstract: Background: Cervical ribs are congenital variants that are known to cause thoracic outlet syndrome or brachial plexopathy in up to 10% of the affected individuals. Cervical ribs are an important cause of neurovascular compression at the thoracic outlet. Previous studies have shown the prevalence of cervical ribs to be between 0.05-3%, depending on the sex and race of the population studied. Objective:The aim of this study was therefore to determine the prevalence of cervical rib in Urhobo's as well as its relation to gender.

[1]. Galis F (1999). "Why do almost all mammals have seven cervical vertebrae? Developmental constraints, Hox genes, and cancer". J. Exp. Zool.285 (1): 19–26.
[2]. Ebite L.E, Igbigbi P.S,Chisi J.E (2007). Prevalence of true cervical rib in adult Malawian population.J. Anat Sci.1.(1) 7-9.
[3]. NisreenNakhoda (2013). Cervical rib – Causes, symptoms and treatment. Common ailment, health directory.
[4]. Moore K.L. (2010). Clinically Oriented Anatomy 6th Ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Pp 460
[5]. Rayan G.M. (1998): thoracic outlet syndrome. J shoulder Elbow Surg 7: 440-451.
[6]. Sander R.J & Hammond S.L (2002). Management of cervical ribs and anomalous first ribs causing neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome. J VascSurg 36: 51-56.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effects of Smokeless Tobacco, Betel Quid and Areca Nut on Oral Mucosa
Country	:	India
Authors	:	R. Sahitha
	:	10.9790/0853-13210811

Abstract: Betel/areca nut/tobacco habits have been reviewed and described about their effects on oral mucos association with oral cancer and various oral cancer and various oral precancerous lesions and conditions. "Quid" defined as "a substance, or mixture of substances, placed in the mouth or chewed and remaining in contact with the mucosa, usually containing two basic ingredients tobacco and areca nut. The betel quid refers to any quid wrapped in betel leaf and is therefore a specific variety of quid. Quid-related lesions should be categorized conceptually into two categories: first, those that are diffusely outlined and second, those localized at the site where a quid is regularly placed. Additional or expanded criteria and guidelines were proposed to define, describe or identify lesions such as chewer's mucosa, areca nut chewer's lesion, oral submucous fibrosis and other quid-related lesions. A new clinical entity, betel-quid lichenoid lesion, was also proposed to describe an oral lichen planus-like lesion associated with the betel quid habit.

[1]. Zain RB, Ikeda N, Gupta PC, Warnakulasuriya KAAS, van Wyk CW,Shrestha P, and other. Oral mucosal lesions associated with betel quid, Areca nut and tobacco chewing habits: consensus from a workshop held In Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, November 25–27, 1996. J Oral Pathol Med 1999; 28(1):1–4.
[2]. Yang YH, Lee HY, Tung S, Shieh TY. Epidemiologic survey of oral Submucous fibrosis and leukoplakia in aborigines of Taiwan. J Oral Pathol Med 2001; 30(4):213–9.
[3]. Sylvie Louise Avon, DMD, msc. Oral Mucosal Lesions Associated with Use of Quid. J Can Dent Assoc 2004;70(4):244-8.
[4]. Farrand P, Rowe RM, Johnston A, Murdoch H. Prevalence, age of onset and demographic relationships of different areca nut habits amongst children in Tower Hamlets, London. Br Dent J 2001;190(3):150–4.
[5]. Neville BW, Damm DD, Allen CM, Bouquot JE. Oral and maxillofacial pathology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company;2002. p. 349–50.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A Cytological Study of Peritoneal Fluids and Its Clinicobiochemical Correlation.
Country	:	India
Authors	:	DR. Shikha NG
	:	10.9790/0853-13211215

Abstract: The study was a comparative evaluation of the physical and Bio-chemical components of ascitic fluid in different disease conditions associated with ascites e.g. Malignancy, Tuberculosis, Liver Cirrhosis, C.C.F., Nephrotic Syndrome, Anaemia-Hypoproteinemia & Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. The study also highlights disease wise age and sex incidence.

Keywords: Ascites, cytology, peritoneal fluid, cirrhosis

[1] Jain SR, Bhandari CR, Sugar in ascitic fluid: its value in the diagnosis of tuberculosis peritonitis, J Ass Physns India, 12, 1964, 715-21.
[2] Gorozhanskaya EG, Gurevich BS, Content and some components of carbohydrate metabolism of ascites and pleural fluids in cancer patients, Fed proc, 24, 1965, 721-4.
[3] Runyon BA, Case of patients with ascites, N Engl J Med, 330, 1994, 337-342.
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[7] Mehrotra MP, Saxena KK, Mathur DC, Etiological diagnosis of ascitis, Indian J. Med. Res, 60, 1972, 1089-1099.
[8] Tsao GG, Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, Gastroenterology clinics of North America, 21, 1992 ,257-275.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Inferior Lumbar Hernia: Case report
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr Manish kr Singh, Dr Alok Kumar, Dr Prof Subrata Nag
	:	10.9790/0853-13211618

Abstract: Background: Diabetes mellitus is a common finding in the medical history of patients receiving treatment for periodontal disease. Bleeding from the gingival tissues is considered to be more in poorly controlled diabetics than in good or moderately controlled diabetics. Periodontal inflammation with or without the complicating factor of diabetes mellitus is known to produce ample extravasated blood during the diagnostic procedures. Routine probing during a periodontal examination is more familiar to the practitioner and less traumatic than a finger puncture with a sharp lancet.

[1]. Moreno Egea A, Baena EG: Controversies in the current management of lumbar hernias.Arch Surg 2007, 142:82-88.
[2]. Le Neel JC, Sartre JY, Borde L, Guiberteau B, Bourseau JC: Lumbar hernias in adults. Apropos of 4 cases and review of the
literature.J Chir (Paris) 1993, 130(10):397-402.
[3]. Loukas M, El-Zammar D, Shoja MM, Tubbs RS, Zhan L, Protyniak B, Krutoshinskaya Y: The clinical anatomy of the triangle
of Grynfeltt.Hernia 2008, 12(3):227-231.
[4]. Zhou X, Nve JO, Chen G: Lumbar hernia; Clinical analysis of 11 cases.Hernia 2004, 8:260-263.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Anticipated Pain Before and During Orthodontic Treatment
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Sabitha.I
	:	10.9790/0853-13211920

Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the anticipated pain before and during orthodontic treatment. 23 adolescent patients were selected and a counselling was given about the pain to the patients who are going for an orthodontic treatment. The level of anticipation of pain before initiation of orthodontic treatment were measured by Visual Analogue Scale . After the initiation of treatment patient is recalled after one week ,and the level of experienced pain is measured and compared.

[1] Krishnan V. Orthodontic pain: from causes to management--a review. Eur J Orthod. 2007 Apr;29(2):170-9.
[2] Kvam E, Bondevik O, Gjerdet NR. Traumatic ulcers and pain in adults during orthodontic treatment. Community Dent Oral
Epidemiol. 1989 Jun;17(3):154-7.
[3] Huskisson EC.Measurement of pain .Lancet 1974;2:1127-31.
[4] Miller MD,Ferris DG.Measurement of subjective phenomena in primary care research:the visual analogue scale.Fam Pract Res J
1993;13:15-24
[5] Steiner DL ,Norman GR.Health measurement scales:a practical guide to the development and use.Newyork:Oxford university
Press ,1989
[6] Scheurer PA, Firestone AR, Burgin WB. Perception of pain as a result of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Eur J Orthod.
1996 Aug;18(4):349-57.
[7] Furstman L, Bernick S. Clinical considerations of the periodontium. Am J Orthod. 1972 Feb;61(2):138-55.
[8] Sergl HG, Klages U, Zentner A. Pain and discomfort during orthodontic treatment: causative factors and effects on compliance. Am
J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1998 Dec;114(6):684-91.
[9] Xiaoting L, Yin T, Yangxi C. Interventions for pain during fixed orthodontic appliance therapy. A systematic review. Angle
Orthod. Sep;80(5):925-32.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effects of Oral Health Related To General Health
Country	:	India
Authors	:	R. Sahitha
	:	10.9790/0853-13212124

Abstract: Oral infections especially periodontitis, as a causal factor for systemic diseases. Three mechanisms or pathways linking oral infections to secondary systemic effects have been proposed: (i) metastatic spread of infection from the oral cavity as a result of transient bacteremia, (ii) metastatic injury from the effects of circulating oral microbial toxins, and (iii) metastatic inflammation caused by immunological injury induced by oral microorganisms. These infections are predominantly anaerobic, with gram-negative rods being the most common isolates.

[1] Asikainen, S., and S. Alaluusua. 1993. Bacteriology of dental infections. Eur. Heart J. 14:43–50.
[2] Debelian GJ, Olsen I, Tronstad L. Systemic diseases caused by oral microorganisms. Endod Dent Traumatol 1994; 10: 57-65. © Munksgaard, 1994.
[3] Haffajee, A. D., and S. S. Socransky. 1994. Microbial etiological agents of Destructive periodontal diseases. Periodontol. 2000 5:78–111.
[4] Kilian, M. 1982. Systemic disease: manifestations of oral bacteria, p. 832–838. In J. R. McGhee, S. M. Michalek, and G. H. Cassell (ed.), Dental microbiology. Harpers & Row, Philadelphia, Pa.
[5] Loesche, W. J. 1994. Ecology of the oral flora, p. 307–319. In R. J. Nisengard and M. G. Newman (ed.), Oral microbiology and immunology, 2nd ed. W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, Pa.
[6] Loesche, W. J., and D. E. Lopatin. 1998. Interactions between periodontal disease, medical diseases and immunity in the older individual. Periodontol. 2000 16:80–105.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Progressive Muscle Relaxation therapy in Anxiety: A Neurophysiological Study
Country	:	India
Authors	:	L. Ranjita, Sarada.N
	:	10.9790/0853-13212528

Abstract: Anxiety is a normal reaction to stress and represent a common human emotion. But when anxiety becomes an excessive, irrational dread of everyday situations, it becomes a disabling disorder. A reaction opposite to stress is relaxation. Relaxation techniques include behavioural therapeutic approaches that differ widely in philosophy, methodology, and practice. The objectives of the study were to analyse the EEG changes associated with Modified Jacobson's Progressive Muscle Relaxation Therapy (JPMRT) in stress management, to analyse the hemodynamic changes with relaxation and to validate the effectiveness of Modified JPMRT. Thirty-five patients diagnosed with Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD) as defined by the Standardised diagnostic criteria of DSM-IV-TR of American Psychiatric Association were subjected to Modified JPMRT for a total of ten sessions everyday by an experienced Clinical Psychologist. EEG, PR and BP were recorded and Hamilton rating scale for anxiety (HRSA) was taken before the beginning and at the end of therapy.

[1] Levi L, Society, Stress and Disease: The Psychosocial Environment and Psychosomatic Disease (London: Oxford University Press, 1971).
[2] Dohrenwend BS, Dohrenwend DP, Stressful Life Events: Their Nature and Effects (New York: John Wiley, 1974) 73-86.
[3] Conrad A, Roth WT, Muscle relaxation therapy for anxiety disorders:It works but how?, Journal of anxiety disorder, 21, 2007, 243-264.
[4] Somers JM, Goldner EM, Waraich P, Hsu L, Prevalence and incidence studies of anxiety disorders: a systematic review of the literature, Can J Psychiatry, 51(2), 2006, 100-113.
[5] Youngstedt SD, Kripke DF, Does bright light have anxiolytic effects? - an open trial, BMC Psychiatry ,7(1), 2007, 62.
[6] Buffett-Jerrott SE, Stewart SH, Cognitive and sedative effects of benzodiazepine use. Curr Pharm Des, 8(1), 2002, 45-58.
[7] Struzik L, Vermani M, Coonerty-Femiano A, Katzman MA, Treatments for generalized anxiety disorder. Expert Rev Neurother, 4(2), 2004, 285-294.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	"Oral Hygiene Practice and Health Status among Adolescent Girls - A Rural School Based Study"
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr Nirmalya Manna, Dr Soumi Biswas, Dr Dipanwita Pandit, Dr Kakali Mondal, Dr Baijayanti Baur, Dr Malay Mundle
	:	10.9790/0853-13212933

Abstract:India has a high prevalence of dental caries ranging from 60 to 75%. The World Health Organization goal for "Health for All" was to lower the DMFT (Decay Missed Filling Teeth) score to less than 3. The objectives of the present study were to observe oral health status, hygiene practice and their relationship among adolescent girls in Tarakeswar block. This cross sectional study was done on 132 rural girls selected by systematic sampling and assessed by DMFT score and SiC index (Significant Caries index). Dental caries index was 37.1%, mean DMFT score was 0.78 and Sic index was 2.02 among the study population. Gum problems were significantly associated with difficulty in biting and chewing food, malalignment and knowledge of tooth decay cause. DMFT status was significantly associated with frequency of brushing and methods of tooth cleaning. Promotion of school dental health programmes by teachers would go a long way in achieving good oral health status.

Key Words: Oral health, DMFT, SiC index, adolescent girls

[1] AH Fatima, C Ravikumar (2009). Prevalence study of oral hygiene and dental health. IKP Centre for technologies in public health. Global internship program.1-2 (http://www.ictph.org.in/gip-2009/paper-4-introduction.html).
[2] Baral P et al. (2009). A Study on oral hygiene practice among school children of Pokhara municipality. Journal of GMC-Nepal. 2(2): 37-38 [3] D Marcia et al. (2011). Inequalities of caries experience in Nevada youth expressed by DMFT index vs. Significant Caries Index (SiC) over time. BMC Oral Health. 11(12):1-10 [4] http://www.mah.se/CAPP/Methods-and Indices/for-Caries-prevalence/Significant Caries-Index/Online-Calculation-of DMFTdmft-and-SIC-Index.
[5] http://www.pg.com/en_IN/downloads/news_media/The_Oral_B_Smile_Survey_by_AC_Nielsen.pdf AC Nielson. Is India smiling less due to Poor Oral Hygiene?
[6] Jayakumary M et al. (2009). Oral health behaviour among adolescents in Kerala, India. Italian Journal of Public Health.6 (3): 218-224 [7] K Abdul et al. (2008). Prevalence

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Osteometric Studies on Human Femurs
Country	:	India
Authors	:	T.Jayachandra Pillai, C.K.lakshmi Devi, T.Sobha Devi
	:	10.9790/0853-13213439

Abstract: It is commonly accepted that the examination and statistical analysis of femoral Anthropometry among different populations reveals a great amount of variation due to the face that the femoral Anthropometry measurements from different countries are likely to be affected by racial variations in diet, heredity, climate and other geographical factors related to life. Anatomists have carried out various measurements to differentiate sex of the femora. This was done in femora of either known or unknown sex. Various parameters were used by Anatomists for measuring femora. 50 dry human femora of unknown sex were collected from different medical institution and Anthropology department of S. V. University, Tirupati. By eliminating pathologicaly misfit femora, 50 femora in good condition were selected.

[1]. 1.Alan M. W. Porter1995 Analysis of measurements taken from adult femora of British population.
[2]. Asala . S.A. et al 2004 Discriminant function sexing of fragmentary femur of South African blacks, vol 145, issue 1. p. 25-29
[3]. Bannister Lawrence. H 1995 Gray's Text Book of Anatomy, 38th Edition P. 678-684
[4]. Hamilton W.J1976 Text book of human anatomy, 2nd Edition P. 117-120
[5]. Henry hollinsead. W1966 Text book of Anatomy, Indian edition (Hoeber medical division) P. 404-407 6.Henry Hollinshead. W 1958 Anatomy for surgeons, Vol-3 P. 654-657

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	In-vitro comparision of cytotoxicity and anti-microbial activity of three pulpectomy medicaments- Zinc oxide euginol,Metapex and Chitra HAP – Fill
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr.Jeeva.P.P, Dr,N,Retnakumari
	:	10.9790/0853-13214047

Abstract: Various pulpectomy medicaments have been used in primary endodontics like Zinc oxide euginol, Calcium hydroxide, iodoform and their combinations. But due to disadvantages like toxicity, reduced anti-microbial activity, over retention or easy resorption, the currently used / commercially available materials do not satisfy all the requirements of an ideal pulpectomy medicament. Current trend in dentistry is towards the use of biomaterials like hydroxy apatite.So a hydroxy apatite based pulpectomy medicament "Chitra HAP - Fil" is compared with Zinc oxide euginol, Metapex to evaluate cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity by in-vitro methods. Cytotoxicity was compared by direct contact method and confirmed by MTT assay. Antimicrobial activity is tested by agar diffusion method. The results of this study showed that Chitra HAP-Fil performed reasonably acceptable level of cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity compared to other two materials.

Key words: Pulpectomy, Zinc oxide euginol, Metapex ,Chitra HAP – Fill, cytotoxicity and anti microbial activity.

[1]. Rifkin A. A. Simple, effective safe technique for the root canal treatment of abscessed primary teeth. J Dent Child 1980;17:435.
[2]. Erausquin J, Muruzabal M: Root canal fillings with zinc oxide eugenol in the rat molar. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Path 1967;24:547-558.
[3]. Holan G, Fuks AB. A comparison of pupectomies using ZOE and KRI paste in primary molars: a retrospective study. Pediatr Dent. 1993; 15 (6): 403- 406.
[4]. Mass E, Zilberman UL. Endodontic treatment of infected primary teeth using Maisto‟s paste. ASDC J Dent Child 1989; 56(2): 117-20.
[5]. Mosmann T. Rapid calorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival, application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assay. J immunol methods 1983; 16, 65 (1 – 2) 55 – 63.
[6]. Mueller J H&Hinton Jane.A protein free medium for primary isolation of the Gonococcus and Meningiococcus. Proceedings of the society of experimental Biology &Medicine1941, 48 ;33.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Surgical Outcome in Paediatric Tympanoplasty: Our Experience
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Abhinav Srivastava , Dr. Chander Mohan
	:	10.9790/0853-13214851

Abstract: The aim of the Retrospective Study is to see the surgical outcome of Tympanoplasty in Paediatric age group in our Institute. The study includes a total of 50 children of age group 9 to 14 years, who underwent type I tympanoplasty in our Institute between January 2011 and December 2013. The children were divided in 2 groups, Group I of 20 cases ,which comprised of children less then 11 years and other as group II of 30 cases, which constituted children above 11 years. Patients who had adenoid hyperplasia, persistent U.R.T.I., those patients who had chronic squamosal disease of the same ear or who had any type of previous or concurrent ossicular chain reconstruction, were excluded from the study.

[1]. Portmann M. Les tympanoplasties simples. In: Portmann M, Guerrier Y, editors. Traite´ de Technique Chirurgicale ORL et Cervico-faciale. Paris: Masson; 1975.
[2]. Bluestone C, Cantekin E, Douglas G. Eustachian tube function related to the results of tympanoplasty in children. Laryngoscope 1979;89: 450–8.
[3]. Lau T, Tos M. Tympanoplasty in children: an analysis of late results. Am J Otol. 1986;7:55-9.
[4]. Kessler A, Potsic WP, Marsh RR. Type 1 tympanoplasty in children. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1994;120:487-90.
[5]. Joao Carlos Ribeiro, Cerejeira Rui, Silvestre Natercia , Romao Jose, Paiva Antonio. Tympanoplasty in children: A review of 91 cases. Auris Nasus Larynx 2011;38: 21-25.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Saliva – A Potential Diagnostic Tool
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Thota Janaki Devi
	:	10.9790/0853-13215257

Abstract: Saliva an important physiologic fluid, containing a highly complex mixture of substances is rapidly gaining popularity as a diagnostic tool. Saliva in the mouth forms a thin film, the velocity of which varies greatly at different sites and thus protects against dental caries, erosion, attrition, abrasion, periodontal diseases, candidiasis and the abrasive mucosal lesions. Early diagnosis and management of oral diseases reduces the severity and possible complications of the disease process.The use of saliva has provided a substantial addition to the diagnostic armamentarium as an investigative tool for disease processes and disorders. Its advantages as a diagnostic tool include its ease of procurement and the positive correlation between many parameters in the serum.

Key Words: saliva, serum, periodontal disease, dental caries, gingivitis.

[1] Actis AB, Perovic NR, Defagò D, Beccacece C, Eynard AR. Fatty acid profile of human saliva: a possible indicator of dietary fat intake. Arch Oral Biol 2005;50(1):1–6.
[2] Agha-Hosseini F, Dizgah IM,Amirkhani S. The composition of unstimulated whole saliva of healthy dental students. J Contemp DentPract 2006;7(2):104–11.
[3] Almstahl A, Wikström M, Groenink J.Lactoferrin, amylase and mucinMUC5B and their relation to the oral microflora in hyposalivation of different origins. Oral MicrobiolImmunol 2001;16:345–52.
[4] Ambudkar IS (2000). Regulation of calcium in salivary gland secretion.Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 11:4-25.
[5] Antonelli G, Cappellin E, Spinella P, Gatti R, Zecchin B, De Palo EF. Salivary IGF-1: assay and preliminary results on athletes. Proceedings of the 10th Annual Congress of European College of Sport Sciences, p. 194

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Antiphospholipid Antibodies In Adults With Ischaemic Stroke Seen At The University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Nwogoh Benedict, Awodu Omolade Augustina, Ogunrin A. Olubunmi, Nwannadi Ikenna Alexander
	:	10.9790/0853-13215861

Abstract: Antiphospholipid antibodies (APLA) are auto-antibodies that recognize various combinations of phospholipids, phospholipid-binding proteins or both and thus prolong the phospholipid dependent coagulation tests in vitro.1, 2 There are different subgroups of APLA. The most characterize include lupus anticoagulant (LA), anticardiolipin (ACA), anti- glycoprotein 1 based on detection methods.

[1]. Ahmed E, Stegmayr B, Trifunovic J et al. Anticardiolipin antibodies are not an independent risk factor for stroke. Stroke 2000; 31: 1289 – 1293.
[2]. Asherson RA, Harris EN. Anticardiolipin Antibodies: Clinical Associations. Postgrad Med J. 1986; 62:1081-087.
[3]. Blohorn A, Guegan-Massardier E, Triquenot A et al. antiphospholipid antibodies in the acute phase of cerebral ischaemia in young adults: A Descriptive study on 139 patients. Cerebrovasc Dis 2002; 13: 156 – 162.
[4]. Brey RL, Stallworth CL, McGlasson DL et al. Antiphospholipid antibodies and stroke in young women. Stroke 2002:33; 2396 – 2401.
[5]. Danesi M, Okubadejo N, Ojini F. Prevalence of Stroke in an Urban, Mixed-Income Community in Lagos, Nigeria. Neuroepidemiology 2007; 28 (4): 216 – 223.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Various approaches for prevention of Dental caries with emphasis on Probiotics: A review
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Pravesh Bhardwaj, Srinath Krishnappa
	:	10.9790/0853-13216267

Abstract: Aim: The aim of this comprehensive review is to present an update about the recent advances in the management of dental caries. Background: Despite the use of age old conventional physical and chemotherapeutic methods for caries management, dental caries still continues to be the most prevalent form of oral infectious disease. Thus, there is a need for additional approaches to deal with dental caries. Conclusion: Probiotics seem to be very effective in dealing with dental caries as revealed by the studies conducted recently in this discipline. More studies are needed to explore the use of probiotics appropriately in the field of dentistry.

Key words: dental caries, probiotics, streptococcus mutans

[1]. Selwitz RH, Ismail AI, Pitts NB. Dental caries. Lancet 2007; 369: 51–9.
[2]. Marsh, P.; Martin, MV. Oral Microbiology. 1999; 4th edn. Wright; Oxford.
[3]. Chen F and Wang D. Novel technologies for the prevention and treatment of dental caries: a patent survey. Expert Opin Ther Pat. 2010; 20: 681–694.
[4]. Gupta S, Marwah N. ‗Use a Thorn to Draw Thorn' Replacement Therapy for Prevention of Dental Caries. International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 2010; 3: 125-137.
[5]. Yates R, Jenkins S, Newcombe R, et al. A 6-month home usage trial of a 1% chlorhexidine toothpaste (1). Effects on plaque, gingivitis, calculus and toothstaining. J Clin Periodontol 1993; 20: 130–8.
[6]. Wendt L, Goran K, Birkhed D. Replacements of restorations in the primary and young permanent dentition. Swed Dent J 1998; 22: 149-55.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Frequency of Various Hemoglobinopathies
Country	:	Pakistan
Authors	:	Sateesh Kumar Lund, Barkha Rani Hindy Mandan Rajput, Dileep Kumar,Mohsin Shafi Rajput , Dr.Ayesha Memon, Dr. Faizan Qaisar
	:	10.9790/0853-13216870

Abstract: Objective: To see the pattern of hemoglobinopathies in the blood samples, received for Hb electrophoresis. Introduction: Hemoglobinopathy is a kind of genetic defect that results in abnormal structure of one of the globin chains of the hemoglobin molecule. Approximately 250 million people (4.5% of the world population) carry potentially pathological haemoglobinopathy gene. Some of the hemoglobinopathies are due to the production of abnormal hemoglobin proteins. Other types of hemoglobinopathies result from reduced production of hemoglobin proteins that otherwise are normal. We attempted to see the pattern of various hemoglobinopahies in the blood samples of the patients referred to our center for Hb electrophoresis.

[[1]. Weatherall DJ, Clegg JB. Inherited haemoglobin disorders: an increasing global health problem. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2001, 79:704–712.
[2]. Angastiniotis M, Modell B. Global epidemiology of hemo-globin disorders. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1998, 850:251–269.
[3]. Sickle cell anemia and other hemoglobinopathies. Fact Sheet No. 308. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2006.
[4]. Kutlar F. Diagnostic approach to hemoglobinopathies. Hemo-globin, 2007, 31:243–250.
[5]. Clarke GM, Higgins TN. Laboratory investigation of hemo-globinopathies and thalassemias:review and update. Clinical Chemistry, 2000, 46:1284–1290.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A Case of Dengue Fever in Pregnancy with Fatal Outcome
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Narayana Swamy M, Pooja Patil, T Sruthi
	:	10.9790/0853-13217173

Abstract: Dengue fever has become a major health problem especially in tropical countries. Nowadays, the incidence has been increasing among adults and more cases of dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever in pregnancy are being reported. A sound knowledge of its diagnosis and management plays a vital role for an obstetrician, particularly regarding the mode of delivery. Supportive care with analgesics, bed rest, adequate fluid replacement and maintenance of electrolyte balance forms the main stay of treatment.

Keywords: dengue fever, dengue shock syndrome, pregnancy, mortality

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Benign Fibro-Osteo-Cemental Lesions of the Craniofacial Complex – A Review
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr.Mrs.Jyoti S.Khedgikar
	:	10.9790/0853-13217478

Abstract: Benign fibro-osseous lesions of the craniofacial complex are grouped together under the generic term 'Fibro-osteo-cemental lesions'. These lesions are characterized by pathologic ossifications and calcifications in association with a hypercellular fibroblastic marrow element. The concept of the 'Fibro-osseous lesions' of bone has evolved over several decades to include two major entities : Fibrous dysplasia and ossifying fibroma. Other dysplastic bone lesions of the craniofacial complex include florid osseous dysplasia, focal cemento-osseous dysplasia and periapicalcemental dysplasia.

Keywords: Benign Fibro-osseous lesions, Fibrous dysplasia, ossifying fibroma, Osteitis deformans, Cementoma.

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[5]. Waldron CA, GiansantiJS : Benign fibroosseous lesions of the jaws : A clinical, radiologic, histologic review of sixty five cases.
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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A Study on Maternal & Fetal Outcome in Placenta Previa & Adherent Placenta
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr.M.Uma Devi || Dr.B.Suresh || Dr.T.Jyothirmayee
	:	10.9790/0853-1302017982

Abstract: Introduction: Placenta previa defined as implantation of placenta in the lower uterine segment. The incidence is 0.3-0.5%. Pregnancies complicated with placenta previa are prone for second trimester and postpartum bleeding which increases the risk of adverse perinatal and maternal outcome. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted for a period of 6 months from June 2013 to December 2013 in the Dept. of OBG, GGH Kurnool which is a tertiary referral center for 3 districts. Data was collected from the medical records of the women with diagnosed cases of placenta previa & Adherent Placenta. The results were analyzed with respect to incidence, maternal age, parity, obstetric history (present & Adherent Placentat), gestational age at termination, details of prior C-section, need of blood transfusion, maternal & fetal outcome........

 

Keywords: Placenta previa, maternal, gestational

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[3]. Ghourab S. Third-trimester transvaginal ultrasonography in placenta previa
[4]. ACOG Committee Opinion (2002) Placenta Accreta. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 99, 169-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0029-7844(01)01748-3
[5]. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (2018) Placenta Previa, Placenta Previa accreta and Vasa Previa: Diagnosis and Management..