iosr-JEEE   Volume-10 ~ Issue-3 ~ May-June 2015

Abstract: In today's restaurant Digital multi-touch menu cards and other forms of digital facility are replacing old fashioned services like- waiters can take order from customer and serve them. Intelligent Restaurant system delivering almost infinite flexibility in promoting meal and snack options. Intelligent Restaurant system uses technologies innovatively in a modern restaurant such as multi-touch LCD with Arduino mega, RF module, database & line following Robot to enhance quality of services and to enrich customers' dining experience. A line following robot is designed using sensor operated motors to keep track the line path predetermined for meal serving. PayPal is used for online payment.

Keywords: Line following robot, Multi-touchable module, RF module, PayPal, Database.

[1]. Sakari Pieska, Markus Liuska, Juhana Jauhiainen, Antti Auno ―Intelligent Restaurant System Smart- menu ‖4th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications . December 2–5, 2013 , Budapest, Hungary
[2]. Tan-Hsu Tan, Ching-Su Chang, and Yung-Fu Chen ―Developing an Intelligent e-Restaurant With a Menu Recommender for Customer-Centric Service‖ IEEE Transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics-part c: Applications and reviews, vol.42,no-5, September 2012.
[3]. Sun Guiling, SongQingqing ―Design of the Restaurant Self-service Ordering System Based on ZigBee Technology‖ Communications and embedded system lab College of Information Technology and Science, Nankai University Tianjin, China.
[4]. M. Z. H. Noor, A. A. A. Rahman, M. F. Saaid, M. S. A. M. Ali, M. Zolkapli ―The Development of Self-service Restaurant Ordering System (SROS)‖ 2012 IEEE Control and System Graduate Research Colloquium (ICSGRC 2012)
[5]. [5]Soon Nyean Cheong, May Hui Tze Yeong, Jia Jia Neoh, Chun Yee The, Wen Jiun Yap ―Enriching Dining Experience with the Multi-Touchable Entertainment Applications‖ 2010 International Conference on Science and Social Research (CSSR 2010), December 5 - 7, 2010, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Abstract: Whenever a series compensated transmission line is connected across the transmission line there exists a problem known as Sub-Synchronous Resonance at particular impedance. This will lead to damage of the turbine shafts and other major parts of the generator. So, this can be avoided by the use of the FACTS devices[1,2] supplemented with the auxiliary control devices[3-7]. Many FACTS controllers have been proposed by using GCSC, TSSC,TCSC etc., But, the damping can be best obtained by the use of the Distributed Static Series Compensator along with controlled with the Fuzzy Logic based Damping Controller(FLDC). This paper mainly deals with the reduction of the oscillations that occur due to the SSR by using FLDC and also the comparison is made with the convention\al PI controller in order to get best view of the performance of FLDC.

Key Terms: D-FACTS, SSR, FLDC, PI Controller

[1]. "Thyristor based FACTS controllers for electrical transmission systems", Mathur RM, Varma RK, New York, USA; IEEE press and Interscience,2002
[2]. "Mitigation of subsynchronous resonance in a series-compensated wind farm using FACTS controllers".- Varma RK, Auddy S, Semsedini Y; IEEE Power Transactions 2008
[3]. "A novel excitation controller to damp out sub-synchronous oscillations"- Varma RK, Auddy S, Semsedini Y; Electrical Power Energy Systems, March 2011
[4]. "Simulation of unified static VAR compensator and power system stabilizer for arresting sub-synchronous resonance‟- Khaparde SA, Krishna V; IEEE Transactions Power Systems,1999
[5]. "Novel STATCOM controller for mitigating SSR and damping power system oscillations in a series compensated wind park"- Khaparde SA, Krishna V; IEEE Transactions, Power Electronics, 2010
[6]. "Nonlinear control of FACTS controllers for damping inter-area oscillations in power systems"- Zarghami M, Crow ML, Jagannathan S; IEEE Transactions, power systems, 2010

Abstract:A closed loop control of the fourth order (LCLC configuration) resonant converter has been simulated and presented in this paper. The PI controller has been used for closed loop operation and the performance of proposed converter has been estimated with the closed loop and the open loop condition. The steady state-transient responses of nominal load, sudden line and load disturbances have been obtained to validate the controller performance. The proposed approach is expected to provide better voltage regulation for
dynamic load conditions.
Keywords: Resonant Power Converter, LCLC configuration, PI Controller, State Space analysis

[1]. M.K. Kazimierczuk and D. Czarkowski, Resonant Power Converters (JohnWiley and Sons Inc., 1995).
[2]. R.W. Erickson, Fundamentals of Power Electronics (Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1997).
[3]. I Batarseh, Resonant converter topologies with three and four energy storage elements, IEEE Trans. Power Electron, 9(1), 1994, 64-
73.
[4]. R L Steigerwald, A comparison of half-bridge resonant converter topologies, IEEE Trans. Power Electron, 3(2), 1988, 174-182.
[5]. A K S Bhat, Fixed-frequency PWM series-parallel resonant converter, IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl, 28(5), 1992, 1002-1009.
[6]. H. I. Sewell, M. P. Foster, C. M. Bingham, D. A. Stone, D. Hente, and D. Howe, Analysis of voltage output LCC resonant
converters, including boost mode operation, IEE Proc. Electronics Power Application, 2003, 673-679.

Abstract: There has been a formidable interest in the area of Distributed Generation in recent times. A wide number of loads are addressed by Distributed Generators and have better efficiency too. The major disadvantage in Distributed Generation is voltage control- is highlighted in this paper. The paper addresses voltage control at buses in IEEE 14 Bus system by regulating reactive power. An analysis is carried out by selecting the most optimum location in placing the Distributed Generators through load flow analysis and seeing where the voltage profile rises. Matlab programming is used for simulation of voltage profile in the respective buses after introduction of DG's. A tolerance limit of +/-5% of the base value has to be maintained.To maintain the tolerance limit, 3 methods are used. Sensitivity analysis of 3 methods for voltage control is carried out to determine the priority among the methods.

Keywords: Distributed Generators, Distributed System,Reactive Power, Voltage Control, Sensitivity Analysis

[1]. J. P. P. Barker and R.W. de Mello, ―Determining the impact of Distributed Generation on power systems: Part 1—Radial distribution systems,‖ in Proc. IEEE Power Eng. Soc. Summer Meeting, vol. 3, 2000, pp.1645–1656.
[2]. C. L. Masters, ―Voltage rise, the big issue when connecting embedded generation to long 11 kV overhead lines,‖ IEE. Power Eng.J. vol. 16,issue 1, pp. 5–12. Feb. 2002.
[3]. N. Jenkins, R. Allan, P. Crossley, D. Kirsehen and G. Strbac, ―Embedded Generation,‖ IEE Power and Energy Series, London, 2000.
[4]. N. C. Scott, D. J. Atkinson and J. E. Morrell, ―Use of Load Control to Regulate Voltage on Distribution Networks with Embedded Generation,‖ IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 510-515, May 2002.
[5]. P. H. Nguyen, J. M. A. Myrzik, and W. L. Kling, ―Coordination of Voltage Regulation in Active Networks,‖ In Proc of IEEE Int. Conf. on Trans &Distri ,2008.

Abstract: In this paper, the simulation of cognitive radio system to must detect the presence of primary user to avoid interference. Spectrum sensing to detect the spectrum holes (unused bands of the spectrum) providing high spectral resolution capability. Allowing the secondary users to operate at the spectrum vacant bands which allocated the primary users. They should spot the spectrum holes and the idle state of the primary users in order to exploit the free bands and also promptly vacate the band as soon as the primary user becomes active. The simulation using MATLAB result it has been shown that how the cognitive radio works.

Keywords: Cognitive Radio, spectrum sensing, Primary User, Secondary User, MATLAB

[1]. Qing Zhao and Brian M. Sadler "A Survey of Dynamic Spectrum Access", 1053- 5888/07/$25.00©2007IEEE, MAY 2007.
[2]. J. Mitola (2006), "Cognitive radio architecture : The Engineering Foundations of Radio XML Link", John Wiley and Sons.
[3]. Federal Communications Commission. Facilitating opportunities for flexible, efficient, and reliable spectrum use employing spectrum agile radio technologies. ET Docket, (03-108), 2003.
[4]. I. F. Akyildiz, F. L. Brandon, and R. Balakrishnan. Cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks: A survey. Physical Communication,4:40{62, 2010.
[5]. Ian F. Akyildiz, Won-Yeol Lee, Mehmet C. Vuran, Shantidev Mohanty, "Next generation/dynamic spectrum access/cognitive radio wireless networks: A survey" Broadband and Wireless Networking Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States, Received 2 January 2006; accepted 2 May 2006.

Abstract: The type III control loops are advantageous as compared to type I and type II as , if frequency domain modeling of the control loop is followed, type-III control loops are characterized by the presence of three pure integrators in the open-loop transfer function. Therefore, such a control scheme has the advantage of tracking fast reference signals since it exhibits zero steady-state position, velocity, and acceleration error. This advantage is considered critical in many industry applications, i.e., control of electrical motor drives and control of power converters, since it allows the output variable, i.e., current or speed, to track perfectly step, ramp, and parabolic reference signals

[1]. K. H. Ang, G. Chong, and Y. Li, "PID control system analysis, design, and technology," IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol., vol. 13,
no. 4, pp. 559– 576, Jul. 2005.
[2]. K. J. Ästrom and T. Hägglund, PID Control, The Control Handbook, W. S. Levine, Ed. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 1996, pp. 198–
209.
[3]. F. Y. Chan, M. Moallem, and W. Wang, "Design and implementation of modular FPGA-based PID controllers," IEEE Trans. Ind.
Electron., vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 1898–1906, Aug. 2007.
[4]. L. Guo, Y. J. Hung, and R. M. Nelms, "Evaluation of DSP-based PID and fuzzy controllers for dc–dc converters," IEEE Trans. Ind.
Electron., vol. 56, no. 6, pp. 2237–2248, Jun. 2009.
[5]. B. Bandyopadhyay, P. S. Gandhi, and S. Kurode, "Sliding mode observer based sliding mode controller for Slosh-free motion through
PID scheme," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 56, no. 9, pp. 3432–3442, Sep. 2009.

Abstract: This paper focuses on the behavior of contaminating metallic particles in the insulating compressed Sulphurhexafluoride (SF6) gas under impulse voltage. These particles play an important role in the reduction of the dielectric strength of the SF6 gas and enhance the probability of breakdown occurrence. The particles location in the gap filled with the insulating SF6 gas affects the value of breakdown voltage, therefore, the study of the particles motion in the insulating SF6 gas is very critical. The effect of the particles shapes, dimensions, configuration of the gap, the magnitude of peak impulse voltage, and drag based on the SF6 gas viscosity are investigated in this paper. The results show a significant variation in the particles motion with the particles shapes, dimensions, peak voltage change, and the configuration of the gap.

Keywords: Sulphur-hexafluoride (SF6) gas, contaminating particles motion, Gas insulated switchgear (GIS).

[1]. H. Okubo and N. Hayakawa, "Dielectric Characteristics and Electrical Insulation Design Techniques of Gases and Gas Mixtures as Alternatives to SF6," Gaseous Dielectrics X, pp. 243-252, 2004.
[2]. T. Takuma, O. Yamamoto and S. Hamada, "Gases as Dielectric," Gaseous Dielectrics X, pp. 195-204, 2004.
[3]. M. M. Morcos, S. Zhang, K. D. Srivastava and S. M. Gubanski, "Dynamics of Metallic Particle Contaminants in GIS with Dielectric-Coated Electrodes," IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 455- 460, April 2000.
[4]. R. M. Radwan, R. Morsi, M. A. Abd-Allah "Motion of Free Conducting Particles in SF6 Insulated Systems under dc Switching Voltages," IEEE Trans. on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 25-30, Feb. 1994.
[5]. I. A. Metwally, A. A. A-Rahim, "Dvnamic Analysis of Motion of Spherical Metallic Particles in Non-Uniform Electric Field," IEEE Trans. on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 282-293, April 2002.

Abstract:A block wise implementation of principal component algorithm is suggested din the base work. The main disadvantage with the earlier work is that it takes time as the size of the image increases and further looping due to blocking effect of the algorithm. The compression performance reduces as the block size reduces or no. of block increases. In order to solve the mentioned problems, the images are decomposed using the discrete wavelet transform using haar wavelet. The global principal component analysis algorithm is applied on LH and HL frequency sub-band images. This enables the compression by preserving the critical boundaries or contours that are to be preserved while compressing the image so that minimum information is lost in compression during thresholding process.
Index Terms: PCA Principal Component Algorithm, PCA Principal Component Analysis, DWT Discrete Wavelet Transform

[1]. Rajesh M Bodade, Maj Jayesh Nayyar , "Shift Invariant Ear Feature Extraction using Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform for Ear Recognition", ACEEE Int. J. on Information Technology, Vol. 02, No. 02, April 2012
[2]. Michał Chora´s_Image Processing Group, Institute of Telecommunications, "Image Feature Extraction Methods for Ear Biometrics - A Survey", 6th International Conference on Computer Information, 2007
[3]. Bahattin Kocaman, Mürvet K_rc_, Ece Olcay Güne_, Yüksel Çak_r, Özlem Özbudak, "ON EAR BIOMETRICS", IEEE 2009

Abstract: In this paper, we present the development of a realtime digital system. In this system the basic software tool is MATLAB along with Simulink, Real Time Workshop, and dspic30f Target device, and a C30 compiler. A computer – a host and a target and a compatible data acquisition board is required to provide the interface between the software and the hardware device to be controlled (a custom development system). In this environment, the values of any parameter (control law, inputs) in the Simulink model are easily changed on the host in real time. Measured responses are displayed in real-time. This environment allows for experimentation, and development of controllers for performance comparison of control laws on hardware as shown in the paper

Keywords: MATLAB, Simulink, RTW, dsPIC30f4011, Controller area network.

[1]. J. Roscoe, S. M. Blair and G. M. Burt, "Benchmarking and optimisation of Simulink code using Real-Time Workshop and Embedded Coder for inverter and microgrid control applications", ©2009 IEEE
[2]. http://www.tutorialspoint.com/matlab/pdf/matlab_simulink.pdf
[3]. Roberto Saco, Eduardo Pires and Carlos Godfrid, "REAL TIME CONTROLLED LABORATORY PLANT FOR CONTROL EDUCATION", November 6 - 9,2002 IEEE
[4]. http://dspace.cc.tut.fi/dpub/bitstream/handle/123456789/6857/yu.pdf?sequence=3
[5]. Dong Zhe, Shi Yuntao, Li Zhijun, Sun Dehui," Design and implementation of an integrated experimental control platform using rapid control prototyping methods", North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, july 25-27,2012
[6]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus

Abstract: This paper describes the analysis of high cost C-RIO to low cost PLC(Programmable Logic Controller).To accomplish with this we have gathered the required knowledge of PLC as a replacement for the C-RIO (Compact-Reconfigurable Input Output).The selection of PLC is made due to its reliability, cost effectiveness and its feasibility. This paper focuses on dynamic behavior of IGBT and comparative study and evaluation of the parameter measurements. Hence PLC plays a vital role with pneumatic controls in the industrial automation for handling high power applications.

Keywords: C-RIO, Dynamic, Evaluation, IGBT, PLC.

[1]. Xuesong Wang, Zhengming Zhao and Liqiang Yuan,12-16 September 2010 "Current Sharing of IGBT Modules in Parallel with Thermal Imbalance," IEEE
[2]. Romeo Letor .Mar/Apr 1992 "Static and dynamic behavior of paralleled IGBT's," IEEE Trans. Ind. Application., vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 395-402
[3]. S. Brown "FPGA architectural research: A survey", IEEE Des. Test. Computing., vol. 13, no. 4, pp.9 -
[4]. S. Nabi , M. Balike , J. Allen and K. Rzemien,2004 "An overview of hardware-in-the-loop testing systems at visteon", Proc. SAE Conf., pp.13 -22
[5]. National Instruments" NI cRIO-9068: Performance and Throughput Benchmarks" white paper

Abstract: In the power generation industry,centrailising to thermal application for energy generation, the effect of control systems plays a vital role in this controllers are required to meet the energy, environmental and safety standards of the power plant.Hence,monitoring controllers are required in thesesystems. For an instance in thermal powerplants, there is requirement for steam flow regulation, temperature regulation etc. There comes the need of water level indicators with temperature sensor for monitoring safety limit temperature. Hence, an automated water level indicator is designed in a way that it monitorsall the levels of water to be fed into the crucible for heating water. If it exceeds the crucible limit the sensor breaks the circuit for overflow alert. Similarly the temperature sensor is the safety device used in the heat tank to monitor the specified limit of temperatureup to which the water has to be heated for steam generation.

Keywords: LED, 16x2 LCD,Temperature Sensor (LM35),BUZZER, PUSHBUTTON, ARDUINO UNO

1. S.Jatmiko, A B.Mutiara, Indriati ―Prototype of water level detection system with wireless‖ Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology Vol. 37 pp 52-59, 2012
[2]. S. Mahata, A. Maiti,and C. K. Maiti, ―Cost- EffectiveWeb-Based Electronics Laboratory Using NI MultiSim, LabVIEW and ELVIS II‖, IEEE Journal, pp 242-243, 2010
[3]. P. Dietz, W. Yerazunis, D. Leigh, Very Low-Cost Sensing and Communication Using Bidirectional LEDs, UbiComp 2003: Proceedings, vol. 2864, pp. 175-191, 2003.
[4]. Shandong Jianzhu "Design of intrinsically safe intelligent water-level monitor used in coal mine
[5]. Books:
[6]. Embedded System by Raj kamal. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus