iosr-JEEE   Volume-10 ~ Issue-3 ~ May-June 2015

Abstract: A fiber optic security sensor based on the monitoring of "speckle pattern" modal distribution in a multimode optical fiber was studied. Detection of vibrations of perimeters or fences is possible through observation of the output speckle pattern from the multimode optical fiber. An experimental working model has been built in which all used components are widely available and cheap: a CCD camera, a multimode red laser (650 nm) as a light source, a length of multimode optical fiber, and a computer to employ MATLAB platform for implementing the algorithm used in this sensor. Some vibration measurements were measured using readymade device as it has high sampling rate CCD camera to obtain more accurate results. Proposed sensor is cheap and lightweight and therefore presents an interesting alternative for monitoring large smart structure.

Keywords: fiber optic sensor, speckle pattern, spectral analysis

[1]. [Fidanboylu, K.a , and Efendioglu, H. S.b a, (Fiber optic sensors and their applications) 5th International Advanced Technologies Symposium (IATS'09), Keynote Address, May 13-15, 2009, Karabuk, Turkey
[2]. [2] . Thomas g. Giallorenzi, Joseph a. Bucaro, Anthony Dandridge, g. h. Sigel, jr, James h. Cole, Scott c. Rashleigh, "Optical Fiber Sensor Technology", member, ieee, 1982 ,
[3]. Luis Rodriguez-Cobo, Mauro Lomer*, Carlos Galindez and J.M. Lopez-Higuera, "Speckle characterization in multimode fibers for sensing applications", © 2012 SPIE Journal
[4]. Kwanak-Gu Shinlim-Dong, Seoul , "Review of the present status of optical fiber sensors" Byoungho Lee School of Electrical Engineering, Seoul National University, 151-744, South Korea Received 28 August 2002.
[5]. J. Thompson University of Rochester Rochester , Optical science and engineering Founding EditorvBrian, New York.

Abstract: This paper mainly emphasizes and explains about the two possible topological configurations which plays a vital role in designing and ensuring the coordination control of a standalone PV system. The development of hybrid power generation systems is of major concern because of its controlling complexity. By comparing the topologies of series and parallel connected PV systems, one can assess the importance of parallel connected PV system over the series connected. The state diagram which is proposed in this paper helps in understanding the concept of coordination control between the generating source and load. Simulation results illustrates about the power flow aspect and operational characteristics of parallel connected PV system.

Keywords – Coordination control, Hybrid systems, Power Management, Standalone PV system, State diagram.

[1]. A. Nasiri, S. A. Zabalawi, And G. Mandic, "Indoor Power Harvesting Using Photovoltaic Cells For Low-Power Applications," Ieee
Transactions On Industrial Electronics, Vol. 56, No. 11, Pp. 4502–4509, November 2009.
[2]. N. Fermia, G. Petrone, G. Spagnuolo, And M. Vitelli, "Optimization Of Perturb And Observe Maximum Power Point Tracking
Method," Ieee Transactions On Power Electronics, Vol. 20, No. 4, Pp. 963–973, July 2005.
[3]. L. Zhang, W. G. Hurley, And W. H. Wolfle, "A New Approach To Achieve Maximum Power Point Tracking For Pv System With
A Variable Inductor," Ieee Transactions On Power Electronics, Vol. 26, No. 4, Pp. 1031–1037, April 2011.
[4]. W. Xiao, N. Ozog, And W. G. Dunford, "Topology Study Of Photovoltaic Interface For Maximum Power Point Tracking," Ieee
Transactions On Industrial Electronics, Vol. 54, No. 3, Pp. 1696–1704, June 2007.
[5]. S. J. Chiang, H. J. Shieh, And M. C. Chen, "Modeling And Control Of Pv Charger System With Sepic Converter," Ieee
Transactions On Industrial Electronics, Vol. 56, No. 11, Pp. 4344–4353, November 2009.
[6]. F. Ongaro, S. Saggini, And P. Mattavelli, "Li-Ion Battery-Supercapacitor Hybrid Storage System For A Long Lifetime,
Photovoltaic-Based Wireless Sensor Network," Ieee Transactions On Power Electronics, Vol. 27, No. 9, Pp. 3944–3952, September
2012.

Abstract: This paper deals with statistics related to the distribution of causes of anomalies affecting the induction machines and in particular ball rolling, besides presenting the kinematic anomalies characteristic frequencies of the rolling elements. It also presents a mathematical modeling of the anomaly (indentation) on the outer ring and inner ring of the ball rolling. In this paper, we do not only do a spectral analysis of the transmitted signal, but also we study the effects of the anomaly on the electrical quantities (stator currents) and mechanical quantities (load torque) as well as its spread between the elements of the machine and the structure of the resonance phenomenon that appears around specific frequencies, particularly the effect of the anomaly on the stability of the operating of the machine. Also a simulation performed by matlab with spectral analysis and an experimental monitoring by vibration analysis in the laboratory of NDC (Non Destructive Control) will be the object of a more synthetic analysis.

Keywords: Anomaly modeling, Induction machine, Rolling anomaly, Spectral analysis, Stability of operating.

[1]. N. Khalfaoui, M. S Salhi, H Amiri ‟‟Anomaly Detection in Induction Machines‟‟ 2nd International Conference on Automation, Control, Engineering and Computer Science; ACECS-2015 Sousse, Tunisia.
[2]. B Trajin, J. Regnier, J. Faucher, Indicator for bearing fault detection in asynchronous motors using stator current spectral analysis, International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, Juin-Juillet 2008, pp. 570-575.
[3]. F. Immovilli, C. Bianchini, M. Cocconcelli, A. Bellini, R. Rubini, "Bearing Fault Model for Induction Motor With Externally Induced Vibration," IEEE Trans. ind. Electron., vo1.60, no. S, pp. 340S-341S, Aug. 2013. ,
[4]. B. Trajin, Détection automatique et diagnostic des défauts de roulements dans une machine asynchrone par analyse spectrale des courants statoriques, Conférence des jeunes chercheurs en génie électrique (JCGE), Décembre 2008, pp. 220-225.

Abstract:In this study, AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) with 0.25 um gate-length have been designed on an SIC-4H substrate. DC and Noise characteristics of AlGaN/GaN HEMT with 0.25 um gatelength at microwave frequencies have been explored. The simulation has been performed by using the Silvaco software. The extrinsic transconductance of the device was 215 ms/mm. Also, device exhibited current drive capability as high as 1400 ma/mm. The device has demonstrated high unity current gain cut-off frequency (ft) of 100 GHz. The microwave noise characteristics of the device were determined from 0 to 20 GHz at different drain biases and drain currents. At a gate bias of -4 V and drain bias of 10 V, device exhibited a minimum noise figure (NFmin) of 0.41 dB and maximum associated gain (Gma) of 19.95 dB at 10 GHz. The noise resistance of device is 27.2 ohm at 10 GHz, which is very suitable for low noise applications in X-band frequency range. These results indicates the capability of AlGaN/GaN HEMT for low noise and high power amplifiers.
Keywords: AlGaN, GaN, HEMT, microwave noise, minimum noise figure

[1]. Wu Lu, Jinwei Yang, M. Asif Khan and Ilesanmi Adesida, AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on SiC with over 100 GHz fT and Low Microwave Noise, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES, VOL. 48, NO. 3, 2001.
[2]. Sonia sadeghi, Mehdi vadizadeh and Rahim faez, Compare Noise Characteristic of DC-HEMT and HEMT, Electrical Engineering (ICEE), 2013 21st Iranian Conference on, , 2013, 1-4.
[3]. J.-W. Lee, A. Kuliev, V. Kumar, R. Schwindt and I. Adesida, Microwave Noise Characteristics of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on SiC Substrates for Broad-Band Low-Noise Amplifiers, IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS, VOL. 14, NO. 6, 2004.
[4]. A. T. Ping et al, Microwave noise performance of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs, Electron. Letters, vol. 36, 2000, 175-176.

Abstract: Load forecasting is essential for developing a power supply strategy to improve the reliability of the power line and provide optimal load scheduling for many developing countries where the demand can be increased with high growth rate. Load forecasts are extremely important for energy suppliers and other participants in electric energy generation, transmission and distribution .Electricity supplier use forecasting models to predict the load demand of the consumers to increase or decrease the power generated and to minimize the operating cost of producing electricity. An adaptive neuro-fuzzy interference system ANFIS is used for load forecasting, it combines the intelligibility of fuzzy rules and self learning algorithms of neural networks. By using Neuro-Fuzzy approach to obtain the best performance in prediction of load forecasts.

Keywords: Fuzzy logic, Neural network, Neuro –Fuzzy ,ANFIS,Forecasting,Prediction

[1]. Amit Jain, E. Srinivas, Rasmimayee Rauta(2009)Short Term Load Forecasting using Fuzzy Adaptive Inference and Similarity, Nature Biologically Inspired Computing. p 1743-1748
[2]. Derek W. Bunn (2001) Setting Accuracy Targets for Short-Term Judgemental Sales Forecasting, International Journal of Forecasting .pp. 159-169
[3]. Jagadish H. Pujar (2010) Fuzzy Ideology based Long Term Load Forecasting, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology. p 640-645
[4]. P.A. Mastorocostas, J.B. Theocharis, S.J. Kiartzis, A.G. Bakirtzis (2000)A hybrid fuzzy modeling method for short-term load forecasting, Mathematics and Computers in Simulation. p 221-232
[5]. Zuhaimy Ismail, Member, IEEE and Rosnalini Mansor ( 2011) Fuzzy Logic Approach for Forecasting Half-hourly Malaysia Electricity Load Demand, School of Quantitative Sciences pp 01-16
[6]. Hussein Iranmanesh, Majid Abdollahzade and Arash Miranian (2011) Forecasting Energy Consumption Using Fuzzy Transform & Local Liner Neuro Fuzzy Models, International Journal on Soft Computing ( IJSC ),pp 11-24

Abstract: With the increasing variety of load and awareness of consumers, power system stability is becoming an important issue. Whenever the load is either switched on or off, the impedance of line changes. This change in impedance causes unbalance in total power supplied and total power demand. As power is directly proportional to square of voltage, so the magnitude of voltage is affected. As load in power system changes at rapid rate, the magnitude of voltage also changes at the same rate. Voltage stability also becomes important in case of transients. The power system is subjected to severe transient disturbance, due to a fault on transmission lines, loss of a large load or sudden loss of generation. The ability of a power system to maintain synchronism when subjected to a severe transient disturbance is called transient stability. In this paper the transient stability of power system is improved using STATCOM (Static Compensator) in a multi- machine 14 bus system using Matlab/simulink. The study shows that STATCOM improves the voltage, active power, reactive power, rotor speed and rotor angle stability.

Keywords- Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS), Matlab/simulink, Static Compensator (STATCOM), Transient Stability,.

[1]. Alok Kumar Mohanty and Amar Kumar Barik, "Power System Stability Improvement Using FACTS Devices", International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER), Vol.1, Issue.2, pp: 666-672, ISSN: 2249-6645.
[2]. P. Kundur, "Power System Stability and Control", McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1994.
[3]. Ranjit Kumar Bindal," A Review of Benefits of FACTS Devices in Power System", International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT), Volume-3, ISSN: 2249 – 895, Issue-4, April 2014, pp:105-108.
[4]. Sai Kiran Kumar,Sivakoti,Y.Naveen Kumar and D.Archana, "Power Quality Improvement In Distribution System Using D-Statcom In Transmission Lines", Vol. 1, Issue 3, pp.748-752.
[5]. Md. Nazrul Islam, Md. Arifur Kabir, and Yashiro Kazushige, "Design and Simulation of STATCOM to Improve Power Quality", International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, Vol. 3 No. 3 July 2013, pp. 871-878.

Abstract: Now a days with increasing verity of load and awareness of consumers, quality of power is becoming very important issue. Whenever load is either switched on or off, the impedance of line changes. This change in impedance causes unbalance in total power supplied and total power demand. As power is directly proportional to square of voltage, so the magnitude of voltage is affected. As load in power system changes at rapid rate, the magnitude of voltage also changes at the same rate .This regular change in magnitude of voltage causes distortion in standard waveform of voltage. For the better power quality there are two things to consider that voltage waveform should be undistorted and magnitude should be constant. So it can be said that quality of power gets distorted at continuous basis .The lack of power quality can cause loss of damage of equipment, loss of production or even can lead system towards instability. So the design of the power system should be such that stability of the system is maintained by overcoming all these variations..This paper presents enhancement of voltage stability thus indirectly improving power quality using D-STATCOM. . Power quality aspects like voltage regulation, active and reactive power supplied are discussed and implemented using STATCOM simulated in MATLAB version R2009b.

Keywords: DSTATCOM, Voltage Source Inverter(VSI), voltage stability

[1]. Dipti Mohanty, Aziz Ahamad and M. A. Khan, "Modelling, Simulation and Performance Analysis of FACTS Controller in Transmission line", International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering(IJATAE), Volume 3, Issue 5, May 2013,pp 428-435.
[2]. J.Sridevi, J.Amarnath and G. Govinda Rao"Role of FACTS devices on zonal congestion management ensuring voltage stability under contingency", International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology(IJAET), May 2012. ISSN: 2231-1963 Vol. 3, Issue 2, pp. 635-641.

Abstract: Clinical Engineering Department in hospitals need to take decision for Health Care Technology assessment which includes purchase, maintenance, use, and replacement. In this paper we proposed a analytical hierarchy processes -group decision making (AHP-GDM) model to prioritize the medical equipment for replacement. The model structure includes 11 quantitative and qualitative factors descending as main and sub criteria which can affect of the replacement decision. Each device should be assessed with respect to every covering criterion .and the devices ranking with respect to the criteria independent of other devices . the final score for each devices was calculated as replacement priority index(RPI) . the model was applied for 30 devices in ICU where devices with higher RPI take a higher priority for replacement according for available budget in hospital and Devices with lower RPI take a lower priority for replacement. This model can be integrated as an automated system for medical devices replacement in health care facilities.

Keywords: AHP, Criteria, Replacement, Medical Equipment

[1]. L. Fennigkoh, "A medical equipment replacement model.," J. Clin. Eng., vol. 17, pp. 43–47, 1990.
[2]. K. Taylor and S. Jackson, "A medical equipment replacement score system," J. Clin. Eng., vol. 30, no. March, pp. 37–41, 2005.
[3]. D. Rajasekaran, "Development of an automated medical equipment replacement planning system in hospitals," Proc. IEEE 31st Annu. Northeast Bioeng. Conf. 2005., pp. 1–3, 2005.
[4]. G. Mummolo, L. Ranieri, V. Bevilacqua, and P. Galli, "A Fuzzy Approach for Medical Equipment Replacement Planning," Proc. Third Int. Conf. Maint. Facil. Manag., pp. 229–235, 2007.
[5]. B. K. Ouda, A. S. a Mohamed, and N. S. K. Saleh, "A simple quantitative model for replacement of medical equipment proposed to developing countries," 2010 5th Cairo Int. Biomed. Eng. Conf. CIBEC 2010, pp. 188–191, 2010.

Abstract: In comparison to electricity generated by national grid, Solar PV electricity remains a bit costlier. As a result, common man does not consider this option as their first preference. So, in result to this, just like many Developed World countries, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa government needs to subsidize electricity generated by PV, in order to promote this option amongst common people a little more. And with the aim of understanding and carrying out an evaluation and assessment of monetary traits of grid-connected rooftop photovoltaic energy system for a common man in locality of Peshawar, this paper is presented, so that to analyze as how much will it interest a common man and what strategy government can adopt in future for promoting Green Energy in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. And also this analysis can prove out helpful in formation of tariff formula for promotion of solar photovoltaic energy for government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

Keywords: Economic Aspect, Electricity, Solar photovoltaic, National grid, Grid-connected

[1]. D.M.Hope. (2000). Learning to lend from Off Grid Solar Power: Policy lessons from World bank loan to India, Indonesia and Srilanka, Energy Policy Vol 28, Issue 22, 87-105.
Reports:
[2]. Goldemberg, J. M. (2000). UNDP- Energy and challenge of Sustainability. UNDP
[3]. Rave, K. (2011). GWEC Annual Report. Global Wind Energy Council.
[4]. Canada, G. o. (2010). Assessment of the Environmental Performance of Solar Photovoltaic Technologies. Public Works and Government Services of Canada

Abstract: The self-oscillating flyback converter is a popular circuit for cost-sensitive applications due to its simplicity and low component count. This paper presents self-oscillating fly-back converter for mobile batteries charging applications. The converter is designed to step-down the high voltage input to an acceptable level from 220 VAC to 7VDC. By adding indictor and capacitor the power factor and input currant increased, and became 500mA, where the old input currant was 250mA, Diode was connected between Emitter and collector, so the output voltage was improved, and has less ripple, in addition to the soft switching was obtained, simulation model is developed by using MULTISIM software. The operation principle of this converter is described using some operating waveforms based on simulation results and a detailed circuit operation analysis. Analytical results are verified by laboratory experiment. With an input of 220 VAC, 500mA and an output of 7V DC, the efficiency of circuit was75%.

Index Terms: Mobile battery charger, DC-DC converter, fly back converter, self-oscillating fly-back converter

[1]. Chen, F.-Y., et al., A novel self-oscillating, boost-derived DC-DC converter with load regulation. Power Electronics, IEEE
Transactions on, 2005. 20(1): pp. 65-74.
[2]. Suntio, T., Average and small-signal modeling of self-oscillating flyback converter with applied switching delay. Power
Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, 2006. 21(2): pp. 479-486.
[3]. Marvi, M., et al., A Low Distortion Self-Oscillating Power Factor Correction Circuit for Low Cost Applications. 2014.
[4]. Sa, E.M., et al. Self-oscillating flyback driver for power LEDs. in Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2009. ECCE 2009.
IEEE. 2009. IEEE.
[5]. Irving, B.T. and M.M. Jovanovic. Analysis and design of self-oscillating flyback converter. in Applied Power Electronics
Conference and Exposition, 2002. APEC 2002. Seventeenth Annual IEEE. 2002. IEEE.

Abstract: In this paper the dynamic model of a series motor driven Battery Electric Vehicle integrated with an UC is simulated using MATLAB Simulink. The Battery UC configuration used in the paper enables the use of a less power rated converter thus decreasing the cost of the system and at the same time increasing the life time of the Battery bank as frequent charging and discharging is avoided. The control algorithm focuses on increasing the efficiency of the system by using single pedal driving scheme in which the regenerative braking is activated when the pedal is not operated thus giving a better control on the vehicle and less wastage of energy during braking. The flow chart of the control scheme used is also included in the paper.

[1]. Piyush Bubna, Suresh G. Advani, Ajay K. Prasad, "Integration of batteries with ultracapacitors for a fuel cell hybrid transit bus," Journal of Power Sources, vol-199, pp 360-366, sep, 2011.
[2]. William F. Infante, Adrin F. Khan, and Sherdon Nino Y. Uy, "Performance Evaluation of Series Hybrid and Pure Electric Vehicles Using Lead-Acid Batteries and Supercapacitors," TENCON 2012 - 2012 IEEE Region 10 Conference, Cebu, pp 1-5, nov, 2012.
[3]. Srdjan M. Lukic, Jian Cao, Ramesh C. Bansal, Fernando Rodriguez, and Ali Emadi, "Energy Storage Systems for Automotive Applications" IEEE Transactions on Industrial electronics, vol. 55, no. 6, june 2008.
[4]. Ziyou Song, Jianqiu Li, Xuebing Han, Liangfei Xu, Languang Lu, Minggao Ouyang, Heath Hofmann, "Multi-objective optimization of a semi-active battery/supercapacitor energy storage system for electric vehicles," Applied Energy, vol-135, pp 212–224,2014.