iosr-JEEE   Volume-9 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan-Feb 2014

Abstract: In this paper, We design a novel Hexagonal Lattice photonic crystal fiber (PCF) made of soft glass achieving low confinement loss and low chromatic dispersion through the optimization of the arrangement and diameter of circular air holes. The motivation behind this is to optimize the design parameter of PCF to gain low-flattened chromatic dispersion and low confinement loss at wide wavelength range. This new design of PCF having low-flattened chromatic dispersion and low confinement loss in wide wavelength range is demonstrated by carefully adjusting the air holes in each rings, air holes dimensions and spacing between air holes or pitch. 2-D finite difference time domain (FDTD) method is used for the analysis of this PCF.
Keywords: Photonic crystal fibre (PCF), FDTD method, dispersion, confinement loss.

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Abstract: In this study, we examined how to improve learning quality by means of visually guidance to respond intelligence questions. We hypothesised that the visual cues can improve the performance of individual's responses to the questions. Electrooculography (EOG) is used to analyze eye movement patterns of nine subjects while they responded the questions in presence and absence of colors as visual cues. The data were collected in an experimental procedure wherein subjects were trained how to respond sample questions. Sixteen questions were chosen to be presented, half with the presence of visual cues and the other half without any visual cues. The EOG signals were filtered using a band pass filter to remove noise and artifacts. Thirty one features were extracted from horizontal and vertical channels of EOG signals. Afterwards 15 best features were..........

Keywords: Electrooculography, Eye Movement Analysis, Learning, Signal Processing, Visual Cues.

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[3] J M Boucheix, R. K. Lowe, An eye tracking comparison of external pointing cues and internal continuous cues in learning with complex animations, Learning and Instruction, 20(2), 2010, 123-135.
[4] J Hyona, The use of eye movements in the study of multimedia learning, Learning and Instruction, 20, 2010, 172-176.
[5] M Vidal, J. Turner and A. Bulling and H. Gellersen, Wearable eye tracking for mental health monitoring, Computer Communications, 2011.

Abstract: Harmonic pollution and low power factor in power systems caused by power converters have been a great concern. To overcome these problems several converter topologies and control schemes have been proposed in recent years. This paper is proposed to study the control techniques for such converters to improve the Power Factor (PF) and reduce total harmonic distortion (THD) in the input current with output voltage regulation. A new fuzzy logic control strategy for boost PFC is presented in this paper. Here the controlling action was established through a fuzzy Logic controller. The proposed Fuzzy Logic control system is a two input one output Fuzzy Logic Controller. The proposed PFC control is derived based on Boost converter operates at continuous conduction mode and the switching frequency is much higher than the line frequency so that input voltage can be assumed as a constant during one switching cycle.
Keywords: Power Factor Correction, Total Harmonic Distortion, Boost Converter, Fuzzy Control.

[1] Wanfeng Zhang,, Guang Feng,Yan-Fei Liu and Bin Wu, "A Digital Power Factor Correction (PFC) Control Strategy Optimized for DSP, " IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, VOL. 19, NO. 6, NOVEMBER 2011.
[2] Fariborz Musavi, Murray Edington, Member, Wilson Eberle and William G. Dunford, "Control Loop Design for a PFC Boost Converter With Ripple Steering," IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS, VOL. 49, NO. 1, JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2013.
[3] Sungsik Park and Sewan Choi, "Soft-Switched CCM Boost Converters With High Voltage Gain for High-Power Applications" IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, VOL. 25, NO. 5, MAY 2010.
[4] Faa-Jeng Lin Ming-Shi Huang ; Po-Yi Yeh ; Han-Chang Tsai ; Chi-Hsuan Kuan , "On the use of the describing function in fuzzy controller design for switching dc-dc regulators," IEEE Trans Power Electronics., vol. 13, pp. 213–221, Aug. 2012.
[5] Martinez S., F.H. Gomez M, D.F.., "Fuzzy logic controller for boost converter with active power factor correction ," IEEE Trans. Power Electronics., vol. 13, pp. 814–823, Sept. 2007.

Abstract: The objective of this project is to control the Wind/PV hybrid system using Multi-input inverter to get constant output power for different operating conditions. The MPPT also used in this system to get the maximum peak power to the load. The perturbation observation (P&O) method is used to accomplish the maximum power point tracking algorithm for input sources. The operational principle of the open loop and closed loop circuit of multi-input inverter is explained.
Index Terms: Inverter, photovoltaic (PV), wind energy.

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[5] S. Wakao, R. Ando, H. Minami, F. Shinomiya, A. Suzuki, M. Yahagi, S. Hirota, Y. Ohhashi, and A. Ishii, "Performance analysis of the PV/wind/wave hybrid power generation system," in Proc. IEEE World Conf. Photovolt. Energy Conv., 2003, pp. 2337–2340.

Abstract: Zero-current (ZC) switching pulse-width modulated (PWM) fly back DC-DC converter is an extended version of the single switch fly back converter with an auxiliary circuit. The main switch and auxiliary switch operate at ZCS turn-on and turn-off conditions, and all uncontrolled devices in the converter operate at zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) turn-on and turn-off. Soft switching techniques are used in PWM DC-DC converters to reduce switching losses and electromagnetic interference (EMI). The circulating current for the soft switching flows only through the auxiliary circuit, the conduction loss and current stress of the main switch are minimized. The general principle of operation of ZCS flyback converter, its merits and demerits, experimental setup and results has been summarized.
Keywords: Flyback converter, Auxillary circuit, zero current switching(zcs),experimental setup and results.

[1] Subi S.,Indu V.," ZCS-PWM flyback converter for low voltage high current application," in Proc. Of National Conference on Technological Advancements in Power and Energy, vol.1, pp. 142-147, 4th-6th July 2013.
[2] Chien-Ming Wang, "A novel ZCS-PM flyback converter with a simple ZCS-PWM commutation cell," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 55, no.2,pp.749-757, Feb. 2008.
[3] Jaroslav Dudrik, Juraj Oetter," High-Frequency Soft-Switching DC-DC Converters for Voltage and Current DC Power Sources", National Conference Proceedings,vol. 4, No. 2,2007.
[4] J. Y. Lee, "Single-stage AC/DC converter with input-current dead-zone zone control for wide input voltage ranges," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 724–732, Apr. 2007.
[5] N. Kasa, T. Iida, and L. Chen, "Flyback inverter controlled by sensorless current MPPT for photovoltaic power system," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron, vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 1145–1152, Aug. 2005.

Abstract: Now a days the technology adopted for power generation, transmission and distribution in a power system changing continuously from day to day. At the same time the load demand at the distribution levels also experiencing great changes continuously from time to time. This situation leads to the additional resources which will meet the increasing load demand at the distribution levels. One of the best solutions for this problem is Distributed Generation (DG). Proper selection of DG location and size surely gives the benefits in terms of enhancement of reliability and reduction of losses. But at the same time it is required to spend some amount of money towards installing the DG which can be treated as cost of DG. The method proposed in this work tries to find the best balance between the Cost and benefit of the DG placement. In this work the main aim is to find the optimal locations and sizes in the distribution feeders. The results have shown that with proper sizes and locations, DG can be used to improve service reliability, reduces the customer interruption costs and saves the power losses. Particle swarm Optimization Technique was used to solve the above problem.
Key words: Distributed generatiors, value based, value based, customer interruption cost, Particle Swarm Optimization.

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Abstract: The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is one of the rudimentary operations in field of digital signal and image processing. Some of the applications of the fast Fourier transform include Signal analysis, Sound filtering, Data compression, Partial differential equations, Multiplication of large integers, Image filtering etc. Fast Fourier transform (FFT) is an efficient implementation of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT). This paper concentrates on the development of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), based on Decimation-In-Time (DIT) domain, Radix-2 algorithm, this paper uses VERILOG as a design entity. The input of Fast Fourier transform has been given by a keyboard using a test bench and output has been displayed using the waveforms on the Xilinx Design Suite 13.1 and synthesis results in Xilinx show that the computation for calculating the 32-point Fast Fourier transform is efficient in terms of speed.

[1] Asmita Haveliya , "‟Design and simulation of 32 point FFT using Radix 2 Algorithm For FPGA Implementation‟‟ .
[2] Sneha N.kherde, Meghana Hasamnis, "Efficient Design and Implementation of FFT", International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST), ISSN : 0975-5462 NCICT Special Issue Feb 2011
[3] Ahmed Saeed, M. Elbably, G. Abdelfadeel, and M. I. Eladawy, "Efficient FPGA implementation of FFT/IFFT Processor", INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIRCUITS, SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, Issue 3, Volume 3, 2009
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Abstract: The single band microstrip patch antenna having narrow operating bandwidth around the GSM900 band has been designed and simulated. Theoretical analysis and design has been performed by the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method based on the electromagnetic field solver Empire software. The proposed antenna achieved the desire operating bandwidth with relatively low profile, and suitable for mobile communication handsets.

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