iosr-JEEE   Volume-9 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan-Feb 2014

Abstract: The real time controls at the central energy management center in a power system, continuously track the load changes and endeavor to match the total power demand with total generation in such a manner that the operating cost is least. Conventional optimization techniques are cumbersome for such complex optimization tasks and are not suitable for on-line use due to increased computational burden. This paper proposes a neuro-fuzzy power dispatch method where the uncertainty involved with power demand is modeled as a fuzzy variable. Then Levenberg-Marquardt neural network (LMNN) is used to evaluate the optimal generation schedules. This model trains almost hundred times faster that the popular BP neural network. The proposed method (Hybrid Neuro Fuzzy System) has been tested on two test systems with six and thirteen generating units and found to be suitable for on-line economic dispatch.

[1] L.K. Kirchmayer, Economic Opertion of power system (New York: Wiley,1958)
[2] A.J. Wood and B.F. Wollenberg, Power Generation, Operation and Control ( New York: Wiley, 1984.)
[3] Hadi Sadat, Power System Analysis( Tata McGraw Hill, International Edition, 1999).
[4] J.H. Park, Y.S. Kim, I.K. Eom, and K.Y. Lee, "Economic load dispatch for piecewise quadratic cost function using Hopfield neural network " IEEE Trans Power Syst., vol. 8(3), pp.1030-1035, 1993.
[5] C.T. Su and G.J.Chiou," A fast computation Hopfield method to economic load dispatch of power systems", IEEE Trans Power Syst., vol,12. No. 4, pp. 1759-1764, 1997.
[6] P.S. Kulkarni, A.G. Kothari and D.P.Kothari, "Combined economic and emission dispatch using improved back propagation neural network", International Journal of Electric Machines and Power Systems, vol. 28,pp. 31-43, 2000.

Abstract: Multilevel Inverter (MLI) has been recognized as an attractive topology for high voltage DC-AC conversion. Function of a multilevel inverter is to synthesize a desired voltage wave shape from several levels of DC voltages. But the main drawback of MLI is its output voltage amplitude is limited to DC sources voltage summation. To overcome this limitation, a Z-source five-level neutral point clamped inverter has been proposed in this work. In the proposed topology output voltage amplitude can be boosted with Z network shoot-through state control. It employs Z network between the DC source and inverter circuitry to achieve boost operation. The output voltage of proposed inverter can be controlled using modulation index and shoot through state.

[1]. "Multilevel Inverters: A Survey of Topologies, Controls, and Applications" José Rodríguez, senior member, IEEE, Jih-Sheng Lai, senior member, IEEE, and Fang Zheng Peng, senior member, IEEE .IEEE transactions on industrial electronics, vol. 49, no. 4, August 2002.
[2]. "Multicarrier PWM with DC-Link Ripple Feed forward Compensation for Multilevel Inverters" Samir Kouro, Student Member, IEEE, Pablo Lezana, Member, IEEE, Mauricio Angulo, and José Rodríguez, Senior Member, IEEE. IEEE transactions on power electronics, vol. 23, no. 1, January 2008
[3] "Constant Boost Control of the Z-Source Inverter to Minimize Current Ripple and Voltage Stress"Miaosen Shen, Student Member, IEEE, Jin Wang, Member, IEEE, Alan Joseph, Fang Zheng Peng, Fellow, IEEE, Leon M. Tolbert, Senior Member, IEEE, and Donald J. Adams, Member, IEEE
[4]. "FPGA Control of the Neutral Point Clamped Quasi-Z-Source Inverter" S. Stepenko1,2, O. Husev1,2, D. Vinnikov1, S. Ivanets2, Ehitajate tee 5,19086 Tallinn,

Abstract: This work models the quantization effects dominating a nano-dimensional symmetric InAlAs/InGaAs double heterostructure DG-HEMT (double-gate HEMT). This is done by solving the one-dimensional (1D) time-independent Schrodinger equation in the nanoscale channel comprising of symmetric double triangular quantum well (DTQW) separated by a barrier in the DG-HEMT. The electron confinement due to the finite potential profile of a DTQW is analyzed and eigenenergies and the wave functions are calculated. Effect of the external applied fields at the gates controlling the electron confinement in the channel has been studied. The electron concentration is calculated and its distribution between the two quantum wells in InGaAs channel under the influence of different gate bias has been studied.

[1] Y. C. Chen, R. Lai, D. L. Ingram, T. Block, M. Wojtowicz, P. H. Liu, H. C. Yen, A. Oki, D. C. Streit, and K. Yano, "Highly efficient high power InP HEMT amplifiers for high frequency applications," in Device Research Conf. Dig., Denver, USA, pp. 139-140, Jun. 2000.
[2] K. H. G Duh, P. C. Chao, S. M. J Liu, P. Ho, M. Y. Kao and J. M. Ballingall, "A super low-noise 0.1 um T-Gate InAlAs-InGaAs-InP HEMT," IEEE Microw. Guided Wave Lett., vol. 1(5), 1991, pp. 114-116,
[3] N. Wichmann, I. Duszynski, S. Bollaert, J. Mateos, X. Wallart, and A. Cappy, "100 nm InAlAs/InGaAs double-gate HEMT using transferred substrate," in IEDM Tech. Dig., 2004, pp. 1023–1026.
[4] M. Bhattacharya, J. Jogi, R. S. Gupta, and M. Gupta, "Impact of Doping concentration and Donor-layer thickness on the dc characterization of symmetric Double-gate and Single-gate InAlAs/InGaAs/InP HEMT for nanometer gate dimension-A comparison," in IEEE TENCON, 2010, pp. 134- 139.
[5] ATLAS User‟s Manual (version: 5.16.3.R), Silvaco International; 2010.

Abstract: Pulse Width Modulation variable speed drives are ncreasingly applied in many new industrial applications that require superior performance. Recently, developments in power electronics and semiconductor technology have lead improvements in power electronic systems. Hence, different circuit configurations namely multilevel inverters have become popular and considerable interest by researcher are given on them. Variable voltage and frequency supply to a.c drives is invariably obtained from a three-phase voltage source inverter.

[1.] J. Holtz, "Pulse width modulation for electronic power conversion," Proc. IEEE, vol. 82, pp. 1194–1214, Aug. 1994.
[2.] O. Ogasawara, H. Akagi, and A. Nabel, "A novel PWM scheme of voltage source inverters based on space vector theory," in Proc. EPE European Conf. Power Electronics and Applications, 1989, pp. 1197–1202.
[3.] M. Depenbrock, "Pulsewidth control of a 3-phase inverter with nonsinusoidal phase
[4.] Voltages," in Proc. IEEE-IAS Int. Semiconductor Power Conversion Conf., Orlando, FL, 1975, pp. 389–398.
[5.] J. A. Houldsworth and D. A. Grant, "The use of harmonic distortion to increase the

Abstract: DC/DC converters are having important applications in many offline power supplies. They are widely used in different types of electronic devices such as battery charger, electric vehicles, and in portable devices like cellular phones, laptops, computers etc. In battery charger applications, after the battery is fully charged, the load is zero and the converter should be safely operate from no-load to full load conditions. The fundamental problem regarding the conventional full bridge DC/DC converter topology is the voltage spikes across output diodes due to transformer leakage inductance and also, the conventional topology is not able to ensure ZVS operation for wide range of load variations. This paper presents a novel full bridge DC/DC converter topology having zero voltage zero current switching (ZVZCS) features.

[1] Majid Pahlevaninezhad, Student Member, IEEE, Pritam Das, Member, IEEE, Josef Drobnik, Senior Member, IEEE,Praveen K. Jain, Fellow, IEEE, and AlirezaBakhshai, Senior Member, IEEE ―A Novel ZVZCS Full-Bridge DC/DC Converter Used for Electric Vehicles‖ IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, VOL. 27, NO. 6, JUNE 2012
[2] S. M. Lukic, J. Cao, R. C. Bansal, F. Rodriguez, and A. Emadi, "Energy storage systems for automotive applications," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.,vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 2258–2267, Jun. 2008.
[3] L. Young-Joo, A. Khaligh, and A. Emadi, "Advanced integrated bidirectionalAC/DC and DC/DC converter for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles,"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 58, no. 8, pp. 3970–3980, Oct.2009.
[4] G. Hua, F. C. Lee, and M. M. Jovanovic, "An improved zero-voltage switched PWM converter using a saturable inductor," in Conf. Rec. 22ndAnnu. IEEE Power Electron. Spec. Conf., 1991, pp. 189–194.
[5] L. H. Mweene, C. A. Wright, and M. F. Schlecht, "A 1 kW 500 kHzfront-end converter for a distributed power supply system," IEEE Trans.Power Electron., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 398–407, Jul. 1991.

Abstract: Supercapacitoris an electrochemical energy storage device with a high power and energy density. It acts as an energy buffer or energy sources due to their high power density compared to other charge storing devices. To improve the performance, reliability and using this device more conveniently lifetime is a important feature. So in this paper we analyze lifetime of supercapacitor depends on temperature and voltage factor because lifetime of supercapacitors depends mainly on the capacitor temperature and the voltage applied. Moreover to prove validity of analysis simulation results are presented. By using this analysis it is easier to select supercapacitor in many power electronics application.

Keywords : Supercapacitor, Expected Lifetime, Temperature Factor, Voltage Factor, Electric Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC).

[1] Ran Niu and Hai Yang, "Modeling and Identification of Electric Double Layer Supercapacitors", ICRA Communication ( IEEE Conference ), pp. 1 -4 , 2011.
[2] A.M. Johnson and J. Newman, "Desalting by Means of Porous Carbon Electrodes", J. Electrochem.Soe.,vol. 118, pp. 510-517, 1971.
[3] Y. Oren, "Capacitive deionization (CDI) for desalination and water treatment - past, present and future (a review)", Desalination, vol. 228, pp. 10-29, 2008.
[4] O.H. LeBlanc, Mathematics of Ultracapacitors, GE Global Research, Technical Report, June 1993.
[5] Conway, B. E. (1999). Electrochemical Supercapacitors : Scientific Fundamentals and technological Applications. New York, Kluwer-Plenum.

Abstract: A fixture is a mechanical setup that holds a job so that it will aid the industrial processes carried out on it with ease, in terms of accessibility and reach. The processes may include manipulation of a job like rotation, clamping, declamping and positioning. Fixtures can be handled manually to hold a job. But such a manual process becomes tedious in complex processes. Hence PLC (Programmable Logic controller) can be used to automate the industrial fixture, to reduce the complexity of the process. In the following research we have developed a hardware simulator for a PLC based control system to simulate the automation of an industrial fixture and analyzed it for Category 4 safety.

Keywords: fixture, PLC, simulator, control system, category 4 safety

[1] J.C. Trappey and C.R. Liu, A Literature Survey Of Fixture Design operations, The International Journal of Advanced
Manufacturing Technology,(1990) 5:240-255.
[2] Sanjeev Gupta and S.C. Sharma, Selection and applications of advanced control systems: PLC, DCS and PC-based system, Journal
of Scientific and industrial research, VOL 64, April 2005,pp-249-255.
[3] William Bolton, Programmable Logic Controllers-fourth edition (Newnes, 2006).
[4] Clarence.T.Jones, Programmable logic controllers: The complete Guide to Technology (Brilliant Training, 01 –JAN-1998).
[5] Amit Gupta, Gupta, Industrial Safety and environment (Firewall Media, 2006).
[6] Patrick/Fardo, Industrial Electronics: Device and Systems, Second edition (CRC press, 18 oct 2000).
[7] Gary Dunning, Introduction to Programmable Logic controllers (Delmar Publishers, 1998)
[8] Kevin Collins, PLC programming for industrial automation (Exposure 2007)

Abstract: Application of microwave for rapid annealing purposes have been recently introduced for silicon and apart from many advantages that it enjoys, it has also provide avenue to rapid recrystallisation and reduction of defects. One of the applications of such technology is microwave annealed re-crystallised solar cells. In this work, modelling of microwave power spatial distribution in doped crystalline silicon (c-Si) is presented for advancement of re-crystallised solar cell technology. Helmholtz equation was solved for determination of electric field distribution inside the material system using 3D exact Finite Difference Method. Subsequently, microwave power distribution was obtained using application of Poynting power theorem. All results presented in this paper corresponds to Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) frequency of 2.45 GHz.

Keywords: Microwave, c-Si, annealing, 3D modeling, eFDM

[1] M. V. Rao, Ultra-fast Microwave Heating for Large Bandgap Semiconductor Processing, Advances in Induction and Microwave Heating of Minerals & Organic Materials ISBN:978-953-307-522-8, 2011, 459.
[2] R. N. P. Vemuri, M. J. Garde, N. D. Theodore, and T. L. Alford, Dopant Activation in Arsenic -Implanted Si by Susceptor-Assisted Low-Temperture Microwave Anneal, IEEE Electron Device Letters 32 , 2011, 1122-1124.
[3] S. C. Fong, C. Y. Wang, T. H. Chang, and T. S. Chin, Crystallization of amorphous Si film by microwave annealing with SiC susceptors, Applied Physics Letters 94, 2009, 102104.
[4] S. D. Das, Prospects of Microwave Heating in Silicon Solar Cell Fabrication – A Review, IOSR-JEEE, 6(3), 2013, 28-38.
[5] J. N. Lee, Y. W. Choi, B. J. Lee and B. T. Ahn, Microwave-induced low-temperature crystallization of amorphous silicon thin films, Journal of Applied Physics, 82(6), 1997, 2918-2921.
[6] Md. R. Hossan, D-Y Byun, P. Dutta, Analysis of microwave heating for cylindrical shaped objects, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 53, 2010, 5129–5138.

Abstract: The paper describes the performance of linear oscillating tubular motor and the development of its structure and characteristics of a year oscillating linear parametric motor. Thus, we have compared our study with that which uses only one equation of operation from an oscillator motor linear and compared between the results. The oscillating parametric engine is composed of a reel and a core which can slip inside that thereof. By connecting the reel to a source of single-phase tension through a condenser and a variable resistor, under the conditions of electromechanical resonance, after an initial displacement of the core, it is then possible to obtain a translator movement of this last (direct and opposite). The speed of oscillation can be controlled by variation of the capacity or resistance.

Key words: linear motor; linear parametric motor, oscillating motor

[1]. s. Kikuchi and K. Ishikawa « A New Type 4-Legged Linear Parametric Motor with Excellent Performance»
[2]. IEEE Transactions on magnetic, vol. 33, No. 5, September 1997.
[3]. IEEE Transactions on magnetic, vol. 34, No 4 , July 1998.
[4]. Yorshinori Mitsuo Natsusaka Koichi Murakami, « Anomalous phenomena in the performance of the parametric motors »
[5]. K. Ishikawa and M. Ishizuka and S. Kikuchi, Performance Characteristics of A New Type of Linear Parametric Motor With Double Driving Surfaces, IEEE Transactions on magnetic, vol. 34, No 4 , July 1998.

Abstract: A unique design technique of power line filter is being proposed. It is based on the conventional technique of composite low pass filter. The equivalent circuit of the composite low pass filter is being presented in the two different modes by considering the modal propagation of noise. The consideration of composite LPF is taken into account in the design technique of power line filter. In order to accurately predict the insertion loss of the filter the effects of non-ideal behaviour of the passive lumped components are considered. It is based on the parasitic effect of the passive lumped elements. The filter is then characterized using S-parameters. The response of the filter's circuits is simulated using advanced design software (ADS).

Keywords: Conducted emission, Composite filter, electromagnetic compatibility, lumped elements, and power line filter.

[1] Clayton R.Paul, Electromagnetic compatibility, J.Wiley& Sons, Inc.
[2] V.Prasad kodali, Engineering Electromagnetic Compatibility, The institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc, New York
[3] D.M. Pozer, Microwave Engineering, J.Wiley & Sons, Inc.
[4] Mohit Kumar and Vivek Agarwal, Power line filters Design for Conducted EMI using Timi-domain measurements, IEEE transaction. On electromagnetic compatibility, Vol.48, NO.1, February 2006
[5] Konstantin Kostov, Design and Characterization of Single-Phase Power Filters, Helsinki University of Technology.
[6] Albert Miquel Sanchez, Joan Ramon Regue, Miquel Ribo, Pablo Rodriguez-Cepeda and Francisco Javier Pajares, "A Modal Model of Common-Mode Chokes for Conducted Interference Prediction", IEEE transaction, On electromagnetic compatibility, Vol.52, NO.3. August 2010.
[8] CISPR17, Methods of Measurement of the Suppression Characteristics of Passive Radio Interference Filters and Suppression Components, IES, Geneva, SWITZERLAND, 1981.
[9] W.C. Johnson: Transmission Lines and Network, McGraw-Hill Inc., 1950, p.361.

Abstract: The Basic requirements of battery chargers with switching regulators are small sized and high efficiency. High switching frequency is necessary to achieve a small size. However, the switching loss will increase as the switching frequency is increased. This condition, in turn, decreases the efficiency. To solve this problem, some kinds of soft-switching techniques need to be used to operate under high switching frequency. One simple solution to a soft-switching converter is loaded resonant converters. By adopting these topologies, either voltage or current is zero during switching transition, which largely reduce the switching loss and also increase the reliability for the battery charger. It eliminates both low- and high frequency current ripple on the battery, thus maximizing battery life without penalizing the volume of the charger.

[1] W. Wongsaichua, W. J. Lee, S. Oraintara, C. Kwan, and F. Zhang, "In- tegrated high-speed intelligent utility tie unit for disbursed/renewable generation facilities," IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 507–513, Mar./Apr. 2005
[2] B. P. McGrath, D. G. Holmes, P. J. McGoldrick, and A. D. McIver, "De- sign of a soft-switched 6-kW battery charger for traction applications," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 1136–1144, Jul. 2007
[3] C. G. Kim, D. H. Seo, J. S. You, J. H. Park, and B. H. Cho, "Design of a contactless battery charger for cellular phone," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., , pp. 1238–1247, Dec. 2001.
[4] T. S. Mundra and A. Kumar, "An innovative battery charger for safe charging of NiMH/NiCd batteries," IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 1044–1052, Aug. 2007.
[5] F. Boico, B. Lehman, and K. Shujaee, "Solar battery chargers for NiMH batteries," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 1600–1609, Sep. 2007.