iosr-JRME   Volume-6 ~ Issue-4 ~ July-August 2016

Abstract: This paper deals with the analysis of diagnostic test items made by the researcher in English Language Skills at secondary level. English Language Skills include items related to Writing Skill, Reading Skill and Grammar. This analysis involves difficulty value and index of discrimination. The test consists of multiple choice questions to collect the data. Three hundred seventy students of secondary schools of CBSE and UP Board were selected randomly for the sample. The sample includes both male and female students of secondary schools. The finding shows that 54 items, out of 86, were selected, after item analysis............

Keywords: Item Analysis, Item Difficulty, Index of Discrimination, Central Board of Secondary Education (C.B.S.E.), Board of High School and Intermediate Education (U.P. Board) ,Uttar Pradesh.

[1]. Bachman, L.F. (1990). Fundamental Considerations in Language Testing. Oxford University Press
[2]. Ebel, R.L. and Frisbie, D.A. (2009). Essential of Educational Measurement. New Delhi: PHI Learning.

[3]. Guilford, J.P. (1978). Psychometric Methods. New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill Publication.
[4]. Heaton, J.B. (1988). Writing English Language Tests. New York: Longman.
[5]. Hughes, A. (2003). Testing for Language Teachers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Abstract: This study sought to examine the effects of principles of corporate governance onmanagement of early childhood education (ECE) in Bahati Division Nakuru County, Kenya. These were necessitated by the desire to establish whether schools are applying principles of corporate governance in managing school affairs. Proper application of corporate principals enables achievement of stated goals in management of ECE. The study draws a correlation between adoption of principals of corporate governance and performance of the ECE sector........

Keywords: Early Childhood Education, Corporate Governance

[1]. Aglietta, Michel and Antoine Rebérioux, (2005). Corporate Governance Adrift: A Critique of Shareholder Value, Cheltenham, UK, and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar.
[2]. Bebchuck LA. (2004).The Case for Increasing Shareholder Power, Harvard Law Review.
[3]. Berle and Means', (1993). The Modern Corporation and Private Property, Macmillan.
[4]. Becht, Marco, Patrick Bolton, Ailsa Röell, (2004). "Corporate Governance and Control".
[5]. Bowen and William, (2004). The Board Book: An Insider's Guide for Directors and Trustees, New York and London, W.W. Norton & Company

Abstract: Students' lowreading skill and learning outcomes in Bahasa Indonesia in SDN Tamansari Banyumasoccur due to the fact that: (1) Bahasa Indonesia is better known as subjects that are considered trivial, boring and uninteresting for the students, (2) the students have not been taught to understand the content of reading, (3) students have difficulty in assembling in their own words, (4) the use of local languages for students is still very strong. This study aims to improve reading skills and student learning outcomes for Bahasa Indonesia by applying the learning model Paired Story Telling with Rally Coach..........

Keywords: Cooperative Learning, Paired Story Telling, Rally Coach, Students' Reading Skills, Learning Outcomes, Classroom Action Research, Primary School

[1]. Arends, R. I. 2013. Learning to Teach, 9th Edition, New York: McGraw Hill Education
[2]. Dotson, J.M. 2001. Cooperative Learning Structure Can Increase Student Achievement. Kagan Online Magazine. Winter 2011. (online), (http//kaganonline.com/free_articles/research_and_rationale/increase_achievement.php), diakses 1 Oktober 2015.
[3]. Eggen, P & Kauchak, D. 2012. Strategi dan Model Pembelajaran Mengajarkan Konten dan Keterampilan Berpikir Edisi Keenam. Diterjemahkan oleh Satrio Wahono. Jakarta: PT Indeks.
[4]. Huda, M. 2015. Cooperative Learning Metode, Teknik, Struktur dan Model Penerapan. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
[5]. Kagan, S & Kagan, M. 2009. Kagan Cooperative Learning. San Clemente: Kagan Publishing.

Abstract: Aims: The present study was carried out to evaluate the relationship between the grades of pre-clinical and clinical courses of endodontics, fixed prosthodontics and restorative dentistry achieved by dental students entering Tabriz Faculty of Dentistry in 2009, 2010 and 2011. Materials and methods: The subjects in this retrospective cross-sectional study consisted of dental students entering Tabriz Faculty of Dentistry in 2009, 2010 and 2011 (n=48 students each year). The grades of the students in restorative dentistry, fixed prosthodontists, endodontics I (pre-clinic) and endodontics II (clinic) courses were recorded by referring to the Archives of the Education Office of the Faculty. The means and standard deviations of the grades were calculated. T-test was used to compare the means and standard deviations with SPSS. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05..........

Keywords: Endodontics, restorative dentistry, fixed prosthodontics, pre-clinic, clinic.

[1]. Komeili GhR, Rezaei GhA. Study of student evaluation by basic sciences instructors in Zahedan University of Medical Sciences in 2001. Iranian Journal of Medical Education. 2002; 2(1):36-42. [Persian].
[2]. Farzianpour F, Monzavi A, Yassini E. Evaluating the Quality of Education at Dentistry School of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Dental Research Journal. 2011; 8[2):71-9.
[3]. Essani RR, Tazeen AS. Knowledge and practice gaps among pediatric nurses at a tertiary care hospital Karachi Pakistan. International Scholarly Research Network Pediatrics. 2011.
[4]. Keeves J, Larkin A I. The context of academic motivation. International Journal of Educational Research. 1986; 10(2): 205-213.
[5]. Danesh kazemi A.R, Davari A.R, Momeni Sarvestani M. Correlation between the scores of dental students in theory and practical restoration courses from 1991 till 2012.The journal of Medical Education and Development. 2013; 8[2): 57-64. [Persian].

Abstract: The purpose this research and development are : (1) to know overview implementation sociology teaching, (2) to product sociology studies instruction model based on Problem Based Learning Collaborative, (3) to know the effectiveness model instructional sociology In senior high schoolklas XII Semester I (4) to know the effectiveness instructional model Problem Based Learning Collaborative in sociology values standart affective aspect or values affective (character values) and psychomotoric aspect, so cognitive aspectfrom student learning..........

Keywords: Sociology studies instruction, instruction model,competency, character values,problem based learning collaborative model.

[1]. Agus Kurniawan, 2006, Self Development, Jakarta, Rineka Cipta.
[2]. Ahmad Rohani, 2004, Educational Psychology, Jakarta, Rineka Cipta.
[3]. Anshori 2010, Insiklopedi, Solo, Nur Ilmu.
[4]. Henson, Ben, 2005, The Educational Psychological for Effective Teaching, Boston,Western Carolina University.
[5]. Budiyono 2009, Statistics for Research, Solo, Percetakan UNS (Universitas Sebelas Maret).

Abstract: This study aims to describe the influence the effectiveness of the Rural Urban Geography teaching materials have been developed. This study was designed with a quasi-experimental research. Location of the research in universities at Malang District, East Java. Learning outcomes is measured by pre-test and post-test. Data were analyzed using Analysis gain score and the percentage of student results. The results showed that the learning outcomes in the experimental class (class taught using instructional materials research product) indicates the value of gain score 12:46. While the control classes (classes that are taught with no use teaching materials research product) indicates the value of gain score 12:25..........

Keywords: teaching materials, materials of Rural and Urban Geography, learning outcomes

[1] Borg, Walter. R and Meredith. D. Gall, 1983, Educational Research: An Introduction, Logman Inc., New York.
[2] Dambudzo, Ignatius Isaac. 2015. Issues Curriculum: Teaching and Learning for Sustainable Development in Developing Countries: Zimbabwe Case Study. Canadian.Journal of Education and Learning; Vol. 4, No. 1. 2015 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education. pp11 - 24
[3] Fatchan, Ach and EdyPurwanto, 2008, Contextual Learning for SMP in Disaster Prone Regions in East Java, Jakarta. Director General of Higher Education of The Republic of Indonesia.
[4] Fatchan, Ach; Amirudin, Ach; Utaya, Sugeng. 2012. Effect of Learning Task Group Based on Field Survey (Outdoor Study) for Scientific Writing Ability and Student Results. Journal of Education No. 22 April 2012. Malang. ISSN 0854-8323 (pages 18-35). Research Institute of the State University of Malang.
[5] Fatchan. Ach; HadiSoekamto; and Mustafa. 2015. defections "Kiai", "Ustadz 'and Farmers In The New Order and The Reform Order In The Islamic Tradition In Rural East Java. Journal of Culture, Society and Development.Vol.7, 2015.ISSN 2422-8400.International Istitute for Science, Technology and Education.

Abstract: Many African countries are troubled with one form of conflict or the other resulting in national insecurity of all sorts. Nigeria, a typical African country, is a case in point. With the threats of Boko Haram, militancy and cession, all fueled by ignorance, mutual suspicion, lack of survival skills and hopelessness of the youths on one hand and on the other, repeated saga of bad governance, all have added up to make the people extremely poor and vulnerable. Consequently, there is no peace and security in the country. Many peace actions have already been taken by the government, private organizations and individuals. However, these actions are in the regular conflict resolution programs...........

Keywords: Conflict resolution, peace, science and technology education

[1]. V. E Dike. Why Nations Fail to Develop: The case of Nigeria (Sage Open. Sgo.sagepub.com 2015)
[2]. C. G Osuagwu. Vision, Will and National Development. Alvan Journal of Science 3(2) 2007) 54.
[3]. B. Babalola. "Key Note Address" Presented to Science Teachers Association of Nigeria, STAN, on the occasion of the 43rd Annual Conference and inaugural conference of CASTME Africa in Port Harcourt Nigeria on Monday, 18 August, 2002.
[4]. UNESCO. "Promoting Peace and Security through Education and Science: Elements for a UN Strategy against Terrorism" call for International cooperation to prevent and eradicate acts of terrorism. (Resolution adopted by UNESCO‟s General Conference at 11thPlenary Meeting on 20th October, 2001).
[5]. M. Okere. Security Education for Junior Secondary Schools. (Owerri: Assumpta Press. 2014)

Abstract: This study assessed the application of the principles of access in the management of primary schools in Anambra State. The study was guided by one research question and one hypothesis. The sample consisted of 943 participants (17 Education Secretaries, 234 Education Officers and 692 Head Teachers) selected through stratified random sampling technique. The descriptive survey research design was used. A researcher-developed questionnaire was used to collect data. The questionnaire comprised 13 items structured on a five-point rating scale. The questionnaire was validated by experts and had Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient value of 0.72.........

Keywords: Access, primary education, educational management, policy implementation, universal basic education.

[1]. African Union (2014). Improving accessibility and quality of primary education throughout Africa. Research report to 6th Annual
Session of International Academy Model United Nations

[2]. Aziz, G. & Khan, M. (2012). What ails primary education in India? A critique of public policy. International Journal of Academic
Research in Progressive Education and Development, 1(1), 274-290
[3]. Biermann, J. (2016). Approaches to inclusive education in Nigeria: The pivotal role of poverty and disability. Zeitschrift für
Inklusion, [S.l.], apr. 2016. ISSN 1862-5088. Retrieved from: <http://www.inklusion-online.net/index.php/inklusiononline/
article/view/338/282>.
[4]. Chimombo, J. C. (2005). Issues in basic education in developing countries: an exploration of policy options for improved delivery.
Journal of International Cooperation in Education, 8 (1),129 – 152.
[5]. Creswell, J.W. (2014). Research design, qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. 4th Edition. New York: Sage
Publications

Abstract: This study aimed to describe the pedagogical content knowledge of novive mathematics teachers on the material system of linear equations in two variables. The approach used is qualitative descriptive. The main instrument is the researchers themselves and the supporting instruments is a vignette and interview guides. Procedure research includes: granting vignette to the subject and continued the interview. Data were analyzed using Karahasan frameworks.......

Keywords: Pedagogical content knowledge, system of linear equations in two variables (SLETV), vignette

[1] B. Karahasan, Preservice Secondary Mathematics Teachers‟Pedagogical Content Knowledge Of Composite And Inverse Functions. doctoral diss.,Secondary Science and Mathematics Education Department, Middle East Technical University, 2010, Turki.
[2] E. Gatbonton, Looking beyond teachers' classroom behaviour: Novice and experience ESL teachers' pedagogical knowledge. Language Teaching Research, 12(2), 161-182. 2008, doi: 10.1177/1362168807086286
[3] F. Abd Rahman, & J.A. Scaife, Assessing pre service teachers‟ pedagogical content knowledge using a bricolage approach. The Twelfth Learning Conference on Learning- in the Faculty of Education at the University of Granada, July 2005.
[4] J. Gess-Newsome & J. Carlson, Pedagogical content knowledge summit: A new way to visit an old construct In M. Giamellaro (Chair), Pedagogical content knowledge: Considering models, methods, and recommendations from the PCK summit. Symposium conducted at the meeting of the American Education Research Association, Philadelphia, PA, 2014, (Online http://bscs.org/sites/default/files/_media/community/downloads/AERA.PCK.Summit.April2014.pdf accessed on 20th June 2016).

Abstract: The unsatisfactory state of guidance and counselling programme in Nigerian schools has called for assessment of factors which could improve the situation. Literature has proven that principals are the key agents in the implementation of school guidance programme. With a correlation research design, this study investigated the extent transformational leadership style of school principals correlate with counsellors' effectiveness in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. School principals, teachers and counsellors (N=1808) were the participants in the study, selected from 82 secondary schools in Akwa Ibom state using multi-stage sampling technique.........

Keywords: Transformational leadership styles, secondary school principals, counsellors' effectiveness

[1]. Bass, B. (1999). Two decades of research and development in transformational leadership. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 8(1), 9-32
[2]. Bass, B.M. (1995). Leadership and Performance beyond Expectations. New York: Free Press.
[3]. Burns, J.M. (1998). Leadership. New York: Harper Torchbooks.
[4]. Goldring, E., Porter, A.C., Murphy, J., Elliot, S.N. & Cravens, X. (2007). Assessing Learning-centered Leadership. Connections to research, professional standards and current practices. Prepared for the Wallace Foundation Grant on Leadership Assessment.
[5]. Kamore, S. K. & Tiego, P. M. (2015). What hinders guidance and counselling effectiveness in enhancing discipline in high schools in Murang'a County, Kenya. International Journal of Science and Research, 4(2), 796-801

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to inform state policy-makers and assessment and accountability specialist about vertical scaling methods and the potential advantages of vertical scaling in standard-based educational accountability in educational system. The possible application of vertical scale to support growth model is carried out. Final Test scores of SS1 and SS2 students for four consecutive years from 3 secondary schools was use to realize this. A statistical analysis of moving average was used to interpret growth in the student performance over time. The result revealed that growth can be tracked down over years across class levels, with the implementation of vertical scaling..........

Keywords: Measurement; Vertical Scaling; Academic Performance; Achievement Testing

[1]. Redfield, D. (2001). Critical issue in large-scale assessment: A resource guide. Washington, DC: council of chief state school officers.
[2]. Feuer, M. J., Holland, P. W., Green, B. F., Bertenthal, M. W., & Hemphill, F. C., (1999). Uncommon measures: Equivalence and linkage among educational tests. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
[3]. Patz, R. J., & Hanson, B. (2002). Psychometric issues in vertical scaling. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, New Orleans, LA.
[4]. Wise, L., & Alt, M. (2005). Assessing vertical alignment. Washington, DC: Council of Chief State School Officers.
[5]. North Carolina Standard Course of Study, available at http://www.ncpublicschools. org/curriculum/languagearts

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to identify the social sources of supportand the significant differences among adolescents according to the variables of gender and age. The sample consisted of (441) students,randomly selected public schools in the city of Al-Nassera. Social support scale used and developed by the author after verifying its validity and reliability. The results showed that the mean ofparticipants' rates for the total instrumentwas (1.98) and medium level, the results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the total social support sources and all domains due to the variables of gender and age.........

Keywords: social support, adolescents, public schools, Al-Nassera.

[1]. Haddad, Afaf and Zeitawi, Abdullah (2002).The relationship between social support and depression amongYarmouk University students in light of some variables.Al-Manara, 8 (3): 9-35.
[2]. Al-Khaldi, Jajan. (2008). The role of social supportin reinforcing the mental health of adolescents. Journal of Arts, University of Mosul, 10 (1): 15-30.
[3]. Zahran, Hamid (2000). Social Psychology. Amman: Al-Maseera House.
[4]. Ali, Abdel-Salam.(2005). Social support and its practical applications in our daily lives. Cairo: Egyptian Renaissance Library.
[5]. Malcoush, Riyadh (2000). Social support and the student adaptationamong the University of Jordan students.Educational ScienceStudies, 17 (1).161-172.