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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Evaluation of Storage of Medicines in Households in Delta State, Nigeria |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Adje U D || Arute J E || Oparah C A || Williams F E || Akpovwovwo || Akon U F |
 |
: | 10.9790/3008-1202010105  |
Abstract: Background: Drug therapy is often the most frequent intervention in the delivery of health care services.
Improper drug storage and disposal can have negative impact on treatment outcome and threaten public safety.
Objectives: The main objective of this study was to identify medicines stored in households, and explore variables
that encourage storage of unused medicines in households.
Method: The study was conducted using a questionnaire adapted from a previous study. The survey included 1000
households from 7 communities located in 5 urban and 5 rural areas in delta state. Convenience sampling method
was employed for the study. The sampling unit was the family head in every household..........
Keywords: Delta State, Households, Medications, Nigeria, Storage
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in the Dutch nursing home setting. J ClinPharmTher. 2007; 32 (5): 469-476.
[3]. Potter M Medication compliance- A factor in the drug wastage problem. Nurse Times.1981;779(suppl5):17-20
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[5]. Wasser fallen JB, Bourgeois R, Bula C, Yersin B, Buclin T. Composition and cost of drugs stored at home by elderly patients. Ann
Pharmacother.2003; 37 (5):731-737.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Synthesis of Poly Azo Heterocyclic from Modification of Poly Methyl Acrylate |
| Country | : | Iraq |
| Authors | : | Entesar O. AlTamimi || Sura S. AlKaissi || Aymen A.Dagher |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-1202010612 |
Abstract: In this study, the new polymers were synthesized from polymerization of methyl acrylate, then reacted with hydrazine hydrate in presence of ethanol to prepared polymer (b) . This polymer was reacted with KOH , carbon disulfide (CS2), 10% hydrochloric acid and ethanol as solvent to product polymer (c), then reacted with hydrazine hydrate to prepared polymer (d) which form diazonium salt by reacted with NaNO2 and conc. HCl at 0C0 to form polymer (e) . Acetylacetone was added to polymer (e) in basic media to product azo hetero polymer , then reacted with hydrazine and their derivatives to form new hetero ring on azo hetero polymer .All prepared polymers were identified by physical properties ,FT-IR and some of them 1H-NMR
Keywords: Heterocyclic, 1,2,4-triazole, Azo dyes, Diazonium salt, Polymer.
[1]. Carey,F.A. 1996. McGraw-Hill, Inc. America, 3:453.
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[5]. Olga, D. Cretu, Stefania F. Barbuceanu, Gabriel Saramet and Constantin Draghici. (2010).JSCS .75(11):1463-1471.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Testosterone Concentration and Testicular Histomorphology of Rats Exposed to Hippocratea Africana Root Bark Extract |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Jessie Idongesit Ndem || Victor Eno Johnson |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-1202011317 |
Abstract: Malaria is a scourge of the tropical region of the world, affecting mostly the poor who cannot afford the World HealhOrganisation (WHO) recommended artemisinincombitination therapy. This results in the continuous reliance on herbal remedies for the treatment of the disease. Hippocrateaafricana is one of the herbs used traditionally for the treatment of malaria in South Eastern region of Nigeria. Testosterone concentration and testicular histomorphology were assayed to assess the effect of the herb on male reproductive function. Experimental groups were formed as follows; control group 1 administered 1ml of distilled water and test groups II, II and IV administered 100...........
Keywords: Hippocrateaafricana, Malaria, Testosterone, Testes, Histomorphology
[1]. World Health Organization – WHO. Guidelines for the treatment of Malaria. 2nd ed. Geneva: WHO 2010.
[2]. Ndem, J.I.; Eteng, M.U.; Akpanabiatu, M.I.; Uwah, A.; Otitoju, O.; Akpanyung, E.O. Effect of Hippocrateaafricana Root Bark Extract on Biochemical Indices of Male and Female Albino Wistar Rats. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, 5(4), 2013, 72-76.
[3]. Obianime, A.W.; Aprioku, J.S. Comparative Study of Artesunate, ACTs and their Combinants on the Spermatic Parameters of Male Guinea Pig. Niger J PhysiolSci, 24(1), 2009, 1-6.
[4]. Djimbe, A.; Doumbo. O.; Cortese, J.; Kayentoa, K.; Diourte, Y.; Dicko, A.; Su, X.; Nomura, T.; Fidock, D.; Wellems, T.; Plowe, C. Coulibaly D. A Molecular Marker for Chloroquine-Resistant Falciparum Malaria. New England Journal of Medicine, 344(4), 2001, 299-302.
[5]. Rates, S.M. Plants as Source of Drugs. Toxicon, 39(5), 2011, 603-613.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Immunomodulatory Potential of Gemmomodified Extract of Terminalia arjuna |
| Country | : | Pakistan |
| Authors | : | NazishJahan || Khalil-ur- Rahman || Sajjad-ur- Rahman || Fareeha Kousar |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-1202011822 |
Abstract: In recent years there is increasing interest in the field ofmodulation of immune by plant products. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory potential of bark and gemmomodified extracts of Terminalia arjuna.Gemmotherapy is a new form of therapy in which super active form of medicines, made from freshly growing parts are used for the treatment of various diseases. Effect of extracts of T. arjuna on cell-mediated and humoral immune reposes was evaluated by phagocytosis and haemagglutination assays respectively.Macrophages engulfment and antibody production was stimulated after the induction of both extract of T............
Keywords: Phagocytosis, Terminalia arjuna, Immunomodulatory
[1]. Djafoua, Y. M. R. S.Mouokeu, C.Tume, M. O.Kamtchueng and J.R. Kuiate.( 2015) Immunomodulatory activity of methanol leaf extracts of Cameroonian medicinal plants. J Complement Integr Med. 12(4): 267–275.
[2]. Mashitha V.P., J.A.Rudra, and A. Upadhyay. (2015). Immunomodulatory potential of shatavarins produced from Asparagus racemosus tissue cultures. J Nat Sci BiolMedJul-Dec; 6(2): 415–420.
[3]. Arulkumaran, S., Ramprasath, V. R., Shanthi and Sachanandam, P. (2007). Free radical quenching and immunomodulatory effect of a modified siddha preparation, kalpaarnruthaa. J. of Health Sci. 53: 170-176.
[4]. Jeba, R. C., Vaidyanathan, R. and Rameshkumar, G. (2011). Efficacy of ocimumbasilicum for immunomodulatory activity in wistar albino rat. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 3: 199-703.
[5]. Kumar, S. V., Sharma, P. K., Dudhe, R. and Kumar, N. (2011). Immunomodulatory effect of some traditional medicinal plant. J. Chem. Pharm. Res. 3: 675-689.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Colon Targeting of Naringin for Cytoprotection against Ulcerative Colitis: In Vitro-In Vivo Study |
| Country | : | Egypt |
| Authors | : | Thanaa M. Borg || Elham A. Mohamed || Eman E. El Naggar || Ahmed R. El-Sheakh || Mohammed F. Hamed |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-1202012329 |
Abstract: Naringin has low oral bioavailability because of its degradation at the upper gut. Therefore, this study involved formulation of compression-coated tablets of naringin using mixtures of Eudragit L100-55 (EUD-L) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) at two different respective weight ratios of 95:5 (F1) and 90:10 (F2). Evaluation of the tablets regarding drug content, physical characters, swelling and in vitro release has been performed. Kinetic analysis of release data was done. The effects of the selected tablet formulation (F2) on indomethacin-induced colitis in rabbits were investigated. The results showed that average values of drug content were 99.66 ± 2.18............
Keywords: Compression coated Tablets, Colon targeting, Eudragit L100-55, Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, Naringin, Ulcerative colitis.
[1]. L. Barbara, C. Teresa, B. Federica, O. Isabella, and Z. Vittorio, pH-sensitive polymeric physical- mixture for possible site specific delivery of ibuprofen, Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 55, 2003, 199- 202.
[2]. R. M. Yusif, I. I. Abu Hashim, E. A. Mohamed, and F. A. Badria, Gastroretentive Matrix Tablets of Boswellia Oleogum Resin: Preparation, Optimization, In vitro Evaluation, and Cytoprotective Effect on Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rabbits, AAPS. Pharm. Sci. Tech.17, 2015, 328-338.
[3]. A. O. Oluwatoyin, and T. F. John, In vitro evaluation of khaya and albizia gums as compression coating for drug targeting to the colon, J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 57, 2005, 63-168.
[4]. A. K. Philip, S. Dabas, and K. Pathak, Optimized prodrug approach: A means for achieving enhanced anti-inflammatory potential in experimentally induced colitis, J. Drug. Target, 17, 2009, 235-241.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Adaptation of the In Vitro Culture of Origanum Majorana L. For Production of Phenolic Acids |
| Country | : | Egypt |
| Authors | : | Amany M. Korkor || Shaza A. Mohamed || Omaima M. Abd El-kafie || Ahmed A. Gohar |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-1202013038 |
Abstract: Origanum majorana L. (Lamiaceae) has a potent antioxidant activity due to its phenolic metabolites. Improving the accumulation level of the phenolic contents using plant tissue culture technique is outstanding aim. Seedlings were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 6- benzyl amino purine (BAP) for shoot micro-propagation. The multiplied shoots were rooted on MS medium with 0.1 mg/L indole acetic acid (IAA) to obtain axenic plantlets. Root tips were sub-cultured in MS liquid medium with naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and indole butyric acid (IBA) to initiate adventitious root suspension culture.............
Keywords: Caffeic acid , Chlorogenic acid, In vitro cultures, Origanum majorana L., , Rosmarinic acid.
[1]. D.N. Deshmane , C.H. Gadgoli and G.V. Halade, Anticonvulsant effect of Origanum majorana L., Pharmacology, 1, 2007 , 64-78.
[2]. S. Rao, B. Timsina and V. K. Nadumane, Evaluation of the anticancer potentials of Origanum marjorana on fibrosarcoma (HT-1080) cell line, Asian Pac. J. Trop. Dis., 4(1), 2014, S389-S394.
[3]. R. Erenler, O. Sen, H. Aksit, I. Demirtas, A.S. Yaglioglu, M. Elmastas and I. Telci, Isolation and identification of chemical constituents from Origanum majorana and investigation of antiproliferative and antioxidant activities, J. Sci. Food Agric., 96 (3), 2015, 822-836.
[4]. R. Yazdanparast and L. Shahriyary, Comparative effects of Artemisia cunculus, Satureja hortensis and Origanum majorana on inhibition of platelet adhesion, aggregation and secretion. Vas. Pharmacol., 48(1), 2008, 32-37.
[5]. P.A. Mathew and M.N. Padmanabhan, Quality control profiling, antifungal and in vivo cytotoxic potential of Origanum majorana L., Int. J. Pharm. Bio. Sci., 6 (2), 2015, 634-640.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Synthesis, Identification and Evaluation the Biological Activity for Some New Heterocyclic Compounds Derived from Schiff Bases |
| Country | : | Iraq |
| Authors | : | Khitam T. A. Al-Sultani |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-1202013947 |
Abstract: This research involves synthesis some of new tetrazole, imidazolinone, thiazolidinone, and oxazepine derivatives. The first step includes formation Schiff bases (1-5) from condensation N-[(4-aminophenyl) carbamothioyl] benzamide with different aromatic aldehydein the presence of glacial acetic acid in DMF as a solvent. Four route with different reagents used for the cyclization of the prepared Schiff bases by reagent (sodium azide, 2-amino acetic acid, 2-mercapto acetic acid and phthalic anhydride) to form tetrazole (6-10), imidazolinone (11-15), Thiazolidinone.............
Keywords: Schiff Bases, Tetrazole, Imidazolinone, Thiazolidinone, Oxazepine, Antibacterial.
[1] ZahraaS. M., Ivan H. R. and Ali H. R., synthesis and characterization of new aminoacid-schiff bases and studies their effects on the activity of acp, pap and npa enzymes (in vitro), e-journal of chemistry, 9(2), 2012, 962-969.
[2] Kahveci B.,Bekircan O. and Karaoglu S., Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some 3-alkyl-4-(arylmethyleneamino)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ones,Indian J. Chem., 44B, 2005, 2614-2617.
[3] Vicini P.,GeronikakiA.,Incerti M.,Busonera B.,Poni G.,Kabras C.A.,Colla P.L., Synthesis and biological evaluation of benzo[d]isothiazole, benzothiazole and thiazole Schiff bases, Bio. org. Med. Chem,.11, 2003, 4785-4789.
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[5] Tarafder M.T.,Kasbollah A.,Saravan N., Crouse K.A., Ali A.M., Tin O.K., S-methyldithiocarbazate and its schiff bases: Evaluation of bondings and biological properties, J.Biochem. Mol. Biol. Biophs., 6, 2002, 85-91.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | The Evolution of Drug Resistance in Candida |
| Country | : | Albania |
| Authors | : | Dr. Anisa LITI |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-1202014851 |
Abstract: The epidemiology of Candida infections has changed in recent years. Although Candida albicans is still the main cause of invasive candidiasis in most clinical settings. The use of antifungal drugs in the therapy of fungal diseases can lead to the development of antifungal resistance. A better understanding of the mechanisms and clinical impact of antifungal drug resistance is essential for the efficient treatment of patients with Candida infection and for improving treatment outcomes. We have analysed 100 cases of positive clinical samples, such as vaginal, gastrointestinal, throat, hair, nail, skin samples.............
Keywords: Candida albicans, commensal organism, dimorphic yeast, antimycotic resistance.
[1]. Brown G.D., Denning D.W., Gow N.A.R., Netea M.G., White T. (2012): Human fungal infections: the Hidden Killers. Sci Transl Med4: 165rv113.
[2]. Gow N.A.R., van de Vërdonk F.L.Brown A.J.P., Netea M.G. (2012).Candida albicans morphogenesis and host defence: discriminating invasion from colonization. Nat. Rev.Microbiol.10,112–122.
[3]. Jacqueline M. Achkar (2010): Candida Infections of the Genitourinary Tract. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 23(2): 253–273.
[4]. Kanafani Z. A, Perfect J.R (2008): Resistance to Antifungal Agents: Mechanisms and Clinical Impact. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 46 (1): 120-128.
[5]. Lo H.J., Kohler J.R., DiDomenico B., Loebenberg D., Cacciapuoti A., Fink G.R. (1997): Nonfilamentous C. albicans mutants are avirulent. Cell 90: 939–949.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | The Effect of Steroidal Extract of Nerium oleander on the Liver Tissue Structure of Albino Mice |
| Country | : | Iraq |
| Authors | : | Sahar A.A.Malik Al-Saadi || Karim H. Al- Derawi || Shiama Abd Alrasool |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-1202015255 |
Abstract:Nerium oleander is an evergreen shrub of Apocynaceae family cultivated worldwide as an ornamental plant. All parts of the plant are toxic and contain a mixture of very toxic cardiac glycosides of cardenolides. albino mice were divided into four groups. group I was normal control group; and others represented three concentration from steroid component of Nerium oleander (0.003,0.006 and 0.012 mg/kg). Liver marker enzymes were assayed in serum. Levels of marker enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were increased significantly. Sections of livers were observed under microscope for the histopathological changes such as destruction of the liver architecture with increased inflammation was observed compared with control.
Keywords: Nerium oleander, Leaves, Steroid extract, Toxicity, Mice.
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Changes in Mice. Libyan Journal of Medicine, 2: 1-13.
[3]. Goetz, R. J. (2005). "Oleander" ( Indiana Plants Poisonous to Livestock and Pets. Cooperative Extension Service, Purdue
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | A Review of Metabolic Disorder of Amino Acid Tyrosinemia type I: When to Suspect and how to Diagnose |
| Country | : | Libya |
| Authors | : | Hanna Alobaidy |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-1202015664 |
Abstract: Background: Hereditary Tyrosinemia I (HT1) is an inborn error of tyrosine catabolism; an autosomal recessive disorder caused by defective activity of fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) enzyme, is characterized by progressive liver disease, renal tubular dysfunction, and porphyria-like crises. Succinylacetone (SA); a compound derived from the tyrosine catabolic intermediate fumarylacetoacetate has been demonstrated to be a mitochondrial toxin. Symptoms may start during the first few months (acute type); in second half of the first year (subacute type) or in the following years up to adulthood (chronic type). All patients stand a high risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) secondary to cirrhosis............
Keywords: Hepatorenal tyrosinemia, Succinylacetone, Nitisinone, Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
[1]. Karl S Roth, Mary L Windle, Luis O Rohena, Erawati V Bawle. Tyrosinemia (Internet).Medscape(Internet). Aug.13, 2015. [2]. Iskeleli G, Bilgeç MD, Arici C, Atalay E, Ogreden T, Aydin A. Richner-Hanhart syndrome (tyrosinemia type II): a case report of delayed diagnosis with pseudodendritic corneal lesion. Turk J Pediatr, 53(6) 2011:692-4.
[3]. R Cerone, E Holme, MC Schiaffino, U Caruso, L Maritano and C Romano. Tyrosinemia type III: diagnosis and ten-year follow-up. Acta Paediatrica, Volume 86, Issue 9, 1997 : 1013–1015.
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[5]. De Braekeller M, Larochelle J. Genetic epidemiology of hereditary tyrosinemia in Quebec and Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean, American Journal of Human Genetics, Vol. 47 1990: 302-307..
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Effect of Phenoxy Ethanol in the Growth of Certain Pathogenic Microbes |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Priya.R || Aruna.V || Gayathri. R |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-1202016567 |
Abstract: Siddha system of medicine is however wonderful and miraculous, it is quite ancient and old. Hence the preparations of Siddha system of medicine may appear irrelevant if they are not modernized and required changes in the process are not amended. Further to increase the shelf life of the wonder drugs of Siddha system requires judicious and scientific practices and precautions. The raw materials used in preparing most of the drugs range from herbal, animal, mineral to toxic metals. In this paper we report the usefulness of Phenoxy ethanol for making the Siddha drugs stable, effective and contemporary.
Keywords: Phenoxy ethanol, Evefresh, Siddha, Preservative.
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[3]. Shukla S, Saraf. S (2010), Fundamental Aspect and Basic Concept of Siddha Medicines, Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, Vol 2 (1): 48- 54.
[4]. Narayansami V. In: Pandit SS, Introduction to the Siddha System of Medicine, T. Nagar, Madras: Anandam Research Institute of Siddha Medicine; 1975. p. 1-51.
[5]. Walter Thomas M, Rubia G, Sathiya E. Review of ethics in traditional Siddha Medicine as defined by Siddhar Theraiyar, Siddha Papers; 2009. 02 (03)..
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Potential Use of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Essential Oil as Anti-Bacterial and Anti -Algal |
| Country | : | Iraq. |
| Authors | : | Ali M. Najem || Ibrahim J. Abed |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-1202016871 |
Abstract: The activity of Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary) essential oil screened for multi medicinal or pharmaceutical and industrial purposes as an alternative for chemical solutions with long-term and devastating side effects. Eicherichia.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus causes severe infections because it's difficult to be treated and lead to persistent of infection, these pathogens have been developed a defense mechanism against a broad spectrum of antibiotics threatens the global public health. The highest antibacterial activity of the Rosmarinus officinalis against E.coli (MIC=104 μg/ml and MBC =104 μg /ml). Despite the splendid role of Chlorella sp...........
Keywords: anti-algal, anti -bacterial, Chlorella vulgaris, chlorophyll a, microdilution broth method, Rosmarinus officinalis
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[5]. A. Hussain, F. Anwar, A. Chatha, A. Jabbar, S. Mahboob, and P. Nigam, Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil: antiproliferative, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 41, 2010, 1070-1078..
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | A Review: Study of Faba Bean Grain Legume Crop of India |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Manju Meena |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-1202017273 |
Abstract: Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is an important legume crop, which has high protein content and efficient atmospheric nitrogen-fixing ability. Faba bean is a valued crop and provides nutritious food for an expanding world population and will become increasingly important with climate change. The nutritional value of faba bean in terms of nutrition and body health has been recently emphasized frequently by a nutritionist in health and food area in many countries around the world. Faba bean is comprised of two types such as major and minor variety. The desi type is known as Bakla characterized by leathery with smaller seed sizes that are smoother and generally light colored. Dal and vegetable is a major use of faba bean. This study was focused on assessing the importance of the faba bean in India, specifically reviewing the status, trend, economic and nutritional values, consumption patterns, environmental importance..
Keywords: Legumes, nutritious, economic, importance and nitrogen fixation
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[2]. Crépon, K., Marget, P., Peyronnet, C., Carrouee, B., Arese, P.,& Duc, G. (2010). Nutritional value of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) seeds for feed and food. Field Crops Research, 115(3), 329–339.
[3]. Daur, I., Sepetoglu, H., Marwat, K. B., & Geverek, M. N. (2010). Nutrient removal, performance of growth and yield of faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Pakistan Journal of Botany, 42(5), 3477–3484.
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[5]. Geng X., Cheng J., Gangadharan A. Mackey D. The Coronatine toxin of Pseudomonas syringae is a multifunctional suppressor of Arabidopsis defense. The Plant Cell, (2012): 24: 4763–4774..