iosr-JVSP   Volume-5 ~ Issue-6 ~ Nov-Dec 2015

ABSTRACT: Low power consuming devices are playing a dominant role in the present day VLSI design technology. If the power consumption is less, then the amount of power dissipation is also less. The power dissipation of a device can be reduced by using different low power techniques. In the present paper the performance of binary to gray code converter in different low power techniques was analyzed and its power dissipation in those techniques is compared with the conventional CMOS design. Each of these techniques has different advantages depending on their logical operation.

Keywords- Low power, Power dissipation, Multiplexer, DPTL, Adiabatic, Charge recovery

[1]. B. Dilli Kumar, M. Bharathi, "Design of Energy Efficient Arithmetic Circuits Using Charge Recovery Adiabatic Logic in International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, 2013.
[2]. Gate-diffusion input (GDI) – A technique for low power design of digital circuits: Analysis and characterization, in Proc. Int. Symp. Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), May 2002.
[3]. A. Morgenshtein, A. Fish, and I. A. Wagner, "Gate-diffusion input(GDI) – A novel power efficient method fordigital circuits: A detailed methodology," in Proc. 14th IEEE Int. ASIC/SOC Conf., Sept. 2001,pp. 39– 43.
[4]. R. Zimmermann and W. Fichtner, \Low-power logic styles: CMOS versus pass-transistor logic," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 32, no. 7, pp. 1079{1090, Jul. 1997.
[5]. K. Yano, Y. Sasaki, K. Rikino, and K. Seki, "Top-down pass-transistor logic design," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 31, pp. 792–803, June1996.
[6]. A. P. Chandrakasan, S. Sheng, and R. W. Brodersen, "Low- power CMOS digital design," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 27, pp.473–484, Apr. 1992.

ABSTRACT: Domino logic circuit is power efficient circuit, so it is widely used in digital design of applications. In this paper, a new domino circuit technique is proposed to have less power consumption. New technique is proposed to overcome the contention problem and reduces the power dissipation and it provides high noise immunity. Simulation results are shows the efficiency and effectiveness of the domino circuit. The domino circuit will reduce the power consumption. In this proposed circuit Simulations are done by using 130nm Mentor Graphics Editor Tools for up to 32 input OR gates. This circuit has small area, low power and high speed circuits for wide fan-in gates.

Key words: Domino logic, power consumption, noise immunity, wide fan-in gates.

[1]. Ali Peiravi, Mohammad Asyaei, "Current-Comparison-Based Domino: New Low- Leakage High-Speed Domino Circuit for Wide Fan-In Gates" IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) systems Journal 21 (2013)934-943.
[2]. A. Alvandpour, R. K. Krishanmurty, K. Soumayanath, and S. Y. Borkar, "A sub-130-nm conditional keeper technique," in Proc IEEE Int. Conf. Electron. Circuit Syst., 1999, pp. 209–212.
[3]. L. Wang, R. Krishnamurthy, K. Soumyanath, and N. Shanbhag, "An energy-efficient leakage-tolerant dynamic circuit technique," in Proc. Int. ASIC/SoC Conf., 2000, pp. 221– 225.
[4]. N. Goncalves and H. De Man, "NORA: A racefree dynamic CMOS technique for pipelined logic structures," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 261–266, Jun. 1983.
[5]. Pierce Chuang, David Li and ManojSachdev "Constant Delay Logic Style" IEEE Transactions OnVlsi Systems, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 554-565, March 2013.
[6]. F. Frustaci, M. Lanuzza, P. Zicari, S. Perri, and P. Corsonello, "Low power split-path datadriven dynamic logic," Circuits Dev. Syst. IET, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 303–312, Dec. 2009.

ABSTRACT: Spatial resolution of digital images is limited by practical considerations of digital imaging systems. Single image super resolution is therefore required to create images that allow better identification and interpretation of details. A number of investigations have been carried out on image super resolution using the discrete wavelet transform. In this paper, a comparative study is made of different interpolation based methods for the estimation of high frequency sub-bands for the super resolution image. An investigation of the effect of different parameters in bicubic interpolation kernel is also carried out. Based on the result, a new algorithm is proposed for single image super resolution using the discrete wavelet transform and incorporating iterative back-projection. The proposed method is tested against other approaches and found to give superior results in terms of peak signal to noise ratio and structural similarity index measure.

Keywords: Super resolution, wavelets, bicubic interpolation, iterative back-projection

[1] P. Thevenaz, T. Blu and M. Unser, "Image interpolation and resampling," in Handbook of Medical Imaging, 2 ed., I. Bankman, Ed., San Diego, California, Elsevier/Academic Press, 2009, pp. 465 -494.

[2] J. A. Parker, R. V. Kenyon and D. E. Troxel, "Comparison of interpolation methods for image resampling," IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, Vols. MI-2, no. 1, pp. 31 - 39, 1983.

[3] E. Meijering, "A chronology of interpolation: From ancient astronomy to modern signal and image processing," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 90, no. 3, pp. 319-342, 2002.

[4] R. G. Keys, "Cubic convolution interpolation for digital image processing," IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Vols. ASSP-29, no. 6, pp. 1153 - 1156, 1981.

[5] P.-S. Tsai and T. Acharya, "Image up-sampling using discrete wavelet transform," in Proceedings of The 2006 Joint Conference on Information Sciences, Kohsiung, Taiwan, October, 2006.

[6] A. Temizel and T. Vlachos, "Wavelet domain image resolution enhancement using cycle spinning and edge modelling," in The 13th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO 2005), Antalya, Turkey, September, 2005.

ABSTRACT: This research paper addresses the problem of Marathi compound word splitting and its relevance to developing a good quality phonetizer for Marathi Speech Synthesis. The constituents of a Marathi compound word are not separated by space or hyphen. Hence, most of the existing compound splitting algorithms cannot be applied to Marathi. We propose a new technique for automatic extraction of compound words from Marathi corpus. Preliminary tests conducted on the algorithm have shown a split rate of 92 to 96% of the input compound words. Of these splits, around 83 to 87% are correct splits. A few modifications have been suggested, which will improve the accuracy of the splits. Finally, we observe an improvement of 1.6% in Marathi Grapheme-to-Phoneme conversion as a result of using a phonetizedcompound word lexicon, created by the above technique.

[1]. Sangramsing N.kayte "Marathi Isolated-Word Automatic Speech Recognition System based on Vector Quantization (VQ) approach" 101th Indian Science Congress Jammu University 03th Feb to 07 Feb 2014.
[2]. Monica Mundada, Bharti Gawali, Sangramsing Kayte "Recognition and classification of speech and its related fluency disorders" International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies (IJCSIT)
[3]. Sangramsing Kayte, Monica Mundada, Dr. CharansingKayte "Di-phone-Based Concatenative Speech Synthesis Systems for Marathi Language" OSR Journal of VLSI and Signal Processing (IOSR-JVSP) Volume 5, Issue 5, Ver. I (Sep –Oct. 2015), PP 76-81e-ISSN: 2319 –4200, p-ISSN No. : 2319 –4197
[4]. Sangramsing Kayte, Monica Mundada, Dr. CharansingKayte "Di-phone-Based Concatenative Speech Synthesis System for Hindi" International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering -Volume 5, Issue 10, October-2015
[5]. Monica Mundada, Sangramsing Kayte, Dr. Bharti Gawali "Classification of Fluent and Dysfluent Speech Using KNN Classifier" International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering Volume 4, Issue 9, September 2014

ABSTRACT: A text-to-speech synthesis system is one that is capable of producing intelligible and natural speech corresponding to any given text. A popular approach to speech synthesis is unit selection synthesis (USS). The current work focuses on developing a USS system for Marathi. Literature suggests that syllable is a suitable unit for Indian languages. Creating a database that covers all the syllables of Marathi is tedious and expensive, and the footprint size of the system would be in the order of GBs. Therefore, to reach a compromise between the quality and the footprint size, the current work proposes to use a database containing all the phonemes, consonant-vowel (CV) units, and the most frequently occurring syllables of Marathi. This way, given a text, it is first decomposed into syllables.

[1]. Sangramsing Kayte, Dr. Bharti Gawali "Marathi Speech Synthesis: A review" International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169 Volume: 3 Issue: 6 3708 – 3711
[2]. Sangramsing Kayte, Monica Mundada, Dr. CharansingKayte "A Review of Unit Selection Speech Synthesis International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering -Volume 5, Issue 10, October-2015
[3]. Sangramsing Kayte, Monica Mundada, Dr. CharansingKayte "A Marathi Hidden-Markov Model Based Speech Synthesis System" IOSR Journal of VLSI and Signal Processing (IOSR-JVSP) Volume 5, Issue 6, Ver. I (Nov -Dec. 2015), PP 34-39e-ISSN: 2319 –4200, p-ISSN No. : 2319 –4197
[4]. Sangramsing Kayte, Monica Mundada, Dr. CharansingKayte "Di-phone-Based Concatenative Speech Synthesis Systems for Marathi Language" OSR Journal of VLSI and Signal Processing (IOSR-JVSP) Volume 5, Issue 5, Ver. I (Sep –Oct. 2015), PP 76-81e-ISSN: 2319 –4200, p-ISSN No. : 2319 –4197
[5]. Young S., G. Evermann, T. Hain, D. Kershaw, G. Moore, J. Odell, D. Ollason, D. Povey, V. Valtchev and P. Woodland, "HTK Book", ver 3.2.1 Cambridge University Engineering department, 2002.

ABSTRACT: Real time operating system (RTOS) is widely used in real time embedded system for computing resources management. It is commonly implemented as fundamental layer in software framework. Real-time operating systems must provide three specific functions with respect to tasks: scheduling, dispatching, and intercommunication and synchronization. In designing of RTOS, Here with Keil Ide, successfully implemented these basic needs. Its major point focuses on explaining the context switching by tricky usage of stack and synchronization mechanism.

Keyword: DCX, Mailbox, Nesting, Queue, Semaphore.

[1]. Schulz,C and the 8051
[2]. Michael J. Pont,Embedded C
[3]. Jean J Labrosse, MicroC/OS, The Real-Time Kernel
[4]. Ganssle,Jack G.,The Art of programming Embedded System
[5]. McConnell,Steve Code-Complete, A Practical Handbook of Software Construction
[6]. Jean J.Labrosse, Embedded System Building Blocks,
[7]. Gerald Jochum,Emmanuel Tuazon and Subramaniam ,Ganesan Traffic Light Implementation Using uC/OS
[8]. Richard A. Burgess,MMURTL V1.0,
[9]. ARM-uvision_Tutorial

ABSTRACT: This research paper addresses the problem of improving the intelligibility of the synthesized speech in Marathi TTS synthesis system. The human speech is artificially generated by Speech synthesis. The normal language text will be automatically converted into speech using Text-to-speech system. This research paper deals with a corpus-driven Marathi TTS system based on the concatenative synthesis approach. Concatenative speech synthesis involves the concatenation of the basic units to synthesize an intelligent, natural sounding speech. In this paper syllables are the basic unit of speech synthesis database and the modification of syllable pitch by time scale modification.

[1]. Sangramsing N.kayte ―Marathi Isolated-Word Automatic Speech Recognition System based on Vector Quantization (VQ) approach‖ 101th Indian Science Congress Jammu University 03th Feb to 07 Feb 2014.
[2]. Monica Mundada, Bharti Gawali, Sangramsing Kayte "Recognition and classification of speech and its related fluency disorders" International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies (IJCSIT)
[3]. Sangramsing Kayte, Dr. Bharti Gawali ―Marathi Speech Synthesis: A review‖ International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169 Volume: 3 Issue: 6 3708 – 3711
[4]. Sangramsing Kayte, Monica Mundada, Dr. Charansing Kayte "A Review of Unit Selection Speech Synthesis International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering -Volume 5, Issue 10, October-2015
[5]. Sangramsing Kayte, Monica Mundada, Dr. Charansing Kayte ―Di-phone-Based Concatenative Speech Synthesis Systems for Marathi Language‖ OSR Journal of VLSI and Signal Processing (IOSR-JVSP) Volume 5, Issue 5, Ver. I (Sep –Oct. 2015), PP 76-81e-ISSN: 2319 –4200, p-ISSN No. : 2319 –4197

ABSTRACT: In this paper we have designed an inverse filter based on Wiener filter to remove haze fromimage. We have used Steering Kernel Regression and also Wavelet Transform to enhance the restored image. Our proposed algorithm has been applied on Wild database. Results showed that improving inverse filter by Wavelet Transform has better quality as voted by 29 students from 30 students of Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University.

Keywords: Inverse filter, Steering Kernel Regression, Wiener filter, Wavelet transform.

[1] Srinivasa G., Models and Algorithms for Vision through theAtmosphere,doctoral diss. Columbia University, NNew York, NY, 2003. [2] Srinivasa G. Narasimhan, Chi Wang, and Shree K. Nayar,All the Images of an Outdoor Scene , A. Heyden et a al. (Eds.): ECCV 2002, LNCS 2352, 2002, 148–162.

[3] Adrian Galdran , A variational framework for single image dehazing , Tecnalia Research and Innovation, BBasque Country, Spain , 2015.

[4] Emmanuel C. Ifeachor&Etal,Digital Signal Processing, (University of Plymouth ,Addison-WesleyPublishing Company, 2001) , 543 – 561.

[5] Donald G. Bailey, Design for embedded image processing,Massey University,( New Zealand, John Wiley&Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd, 2001) , 1 – 15. [6] Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E. Woods,Digital Image Processing,(University of Tennessee, Prentice Hall, (1992), 349 – 363.

[7] PeymanMilanifar , Super- Resolution Imaging, (CRC Press , 2010), 63 – 72.

ABSTRACT: The emphasis in VLSI design has shifted from high speed to low power due to the rapid increase in number of portable electronic systems. Power consumption is very critical for portable video applications such as portable videophone and digital camcorder Motion estimation (ME) in the video encoder requires a huge amount of computation, and hence consumes the largest portion of power. Many of the techniques have already been used in low power design with additional techniques emerging continuously at all levels. The aim of this work is to provide a comprehensive study of low-power circuit and design techniques using CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) technology.

[1] G. Ramana murthy, C. Senthilpari, P. Velrajkumar, Lim tien sze, a novel design of multiplexer based full-adder cell for power and propagation delay optimizations journal of engineering science and technology vol. 8, no. 6 (2013) 764 – 777 © school of engineering, Taylor's university.
[2] Rabaey, J.M.; and Pedram, M. (1995). Low power design methodologies. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston.
[3] Alito, M.; and Palumbo, G. (2002). Analysis and comparison of the full adder block. IEEE Transactions on VLSI, 10(6), 806-823.
[4] Shalem, R.; John, E.; and John, L.K. (1999). A novel low power energy recovery full adder cell. Proceedings of the Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI, 380-383.
[5] Pedram, M.; and Rabaey, J.M. (2002). Power aware design methodologies. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston.
[6] Soudris, D.; Piguet, C.; and Goutis, C. (2002). Designing CMOS circuits for low power European low-power initiative for electronic system design. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston/Dordrecht/London.

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this work is to x-ray the use of Ant Tracker Attribute to effectively interpreting faults that are hard to see on a conventional 3D data set. Interpretation of faults in any seismic interpretation process has significant importance during exploration and development stages. On a conventional seismic profile or poor quality data, faults are hard to see or not visible. Seismic attributes provide quick way to visualize the trends of faults. Several attributes enhance clarity of faults on seismic data such as: variance attributes, ant attributes, chaos attributes, curvature attributes etc. among all, ant attributes show better result in delineating faults. The effective implementation of ant attribute can be achieved when the output of other fault sensitive attributes are used as an input data.

[1]. Jibrin. B. W., Turner, J. P., Westbrook, G., Huck, A., (2009). Application of volumetric seismicattributes to delineate fault geometry:Examples from the outer fold and thrust belt, deepwater Niger Delta (JointDevelopment Zone).
[2]. Ashique, S., and Samiranjan, B., (2010).Use of Antrack Volume in Horizontal Well Placement.8th Biennial International Conference & Exposition on PetroleumGeophysics.
[3]. Nerves, Fernando A., Mohammad S. Zahrani, and Stephen W. Bremkamp. (2004):Detection of potential fractures and small faults using seismic attributes. The LeadingEdge 23.9 903-906.
[4]. Chopra, Satinder, and Kurt J. Marfurt., (2007a). Volumetric curvature attributes addvalue to 3D seismic data interpretation. The Leading Edge 26.7 856-867.
[5]. Santosh, D., Aditi, B., Poonam, K., Priyanka, S., Rao, P. H., Hasan, S.Z., andHarinarayana, T., (2013). An Integrated approach for faults and fractures delineation with dip and curvature attributes. 10th Biennial International Conference & Exposition.PP 1-7.
[6]. http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v4/n5/images_article/ngeo1119-f2.jpg

ABSTRACT: In this work 0.18 μm CMOS is used to achieve low-characteristics and best performance of in the band of 2.4 GHz to 6.0 GHz. Here simulation tool is used for simulation of lumped components with an inductor less concept. Designed broadband LNA supports multi standard wireless applications with High gain and low noise figure.

[1]. S. Woo and W. Kimal, "A 3.6 mW differential common gate CMOS LNA with positive-negative feedback," in Proc. IEEE ISSCC, Feb. 2009, pp. 218–219. [2] I. R. Chamas and S. Raman, "Analysis, design, and X-band implementation of a self-biased active feedback - boosted common-gate CMOS LNA," IEEE Trans.
[2]. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 57, no. 3, pp.542– 551, Mar. 2009.
[3]. J. Schleeh, H. Rodilla,N.Wadefalk, P. A. Nilsson, andJ. Grahn, "Characterization and modeling of cryogenic ultra-low noise InP HEMT," IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, 2013, to be published.
[4]. Monali Khune and Bhushan Vidhale," Analysis and Design of CS-LNA using 0.18μm CMOS Technology",IJVES Vol 05, Article 02229; March 2014, ISSN: 2249 – 6556.
[5]. J. Liu, H. Liao, and R. Huang, "0.5 V ultra-low power wideband LNA with forward body bias technique," Electron. Lett., vol. 45, no. 6, pp.289–290, Mar. 2009.
[6]. H.G. Dehrizi, J. Haddadnia,"A great Ultra Wideband (3.1– 10.6-GHz) LNA in 0.18-μm (CMOS) for UWB pulse-radio systems applications," 9th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals and Devices (SSD), pp.1-4, Mar. 2012.

ABSTRACT: We are study and experimental work is show this paper how automatically work SIOX techniques for got the good result. For the last 20 years, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has become a reference examination for cardiac morphology, function and perfusion in humans. Yet, due to the characteristics of cardiac MRI and to the great variability of the images among patients, the problem of heart cavities segmentation in MRI is still open. This paper is a focuse of fully and semi-automated methods performing segmentation in short axis images using a cardiac cine MRI sequence. Medical background and specific segmentation difficulties associated to these images are presented. For this particularly complex segmentation task, prior knowledge is required.

[1] Jeffrey L. Anderson, Aaron N. Weaver, Benjamin D. Horne, Heath U. Jones, Gerri K.Jelaco, Julie A. Cha, Hector E. Busto, Judy Hall, Kathy Walker, and Duane D. Blatter. Normal cardiacmagnetic resonance measurements and interobserver discrepancies in volumes and mass using the papillary muscle inclusion method. The Open General and Internal Medicine Journal, 1:6–12, 2007.
[2] M.D. Burkhard Sievers, Simon Kirchberg, Asli Bakan, M.D. Ulrich Franken, and M.D.Hans-Joachim Trappe. Impact of papillary muscles in ventricular volume and ejection fraction assessment by cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, 6(1):9–16, 2004.
[3] Matthew Janik, Matthew D Cham, Michael I Ross, Yi Wang, Noel Codella, James K Min, Martin R Prince, Shant Manoushagian, Peter M Okin, Richard B Devereux, and Jonathan W Weinsaft. Effects of papillary muscles and trabeculae on left ventricular quantification: increased impact of methodological variability in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy. Journal of Hypertension, 26(8):1677–1685, August 2008.
[4] Mendis S., Puska P., and Norrving B., editors. Global Atlas on Cardiovascular DiseasePrevention and Control. World Health Organization, Geneva, 2011.

ABSTRACT: In this work Analog and Digital Beamformer system is considered in Frequency Selective Channel. Analog beamforming vector will be designed using SOCP; while digital beamforming will be performed using precoding and postcoding techniques. A novel method of designing analog beamforming considering the practical frequency selective fading channel parameter is proposed. The proposed method is optimal in a sense that for a given number of RF chains, the weighted sum of the squared distances between the combined analog and digital beamforming vectors derived by the proposed method and the ideal beamforming vectors is minimized, where the weights are the singular values corresponding to the singular vectors.

[1] Tuan Thanh Ta "A Millimeter-wave WPAN Adaptive Phased Array Control Method Using Low-Frequency Part of Signal for Self-Directed System" IEEE transactions on Microwave theory and techniques august 2015.
[2] Ahmed Alkhateeb,Jianhua Mo "MIMO Precoding and Combining Solutions for Millimeter Wave Systems" IEEE communication magazine December 2014.
[3] Colin Sheldon, Eric Torkildson,MunkyoSeo "A 60GHz Line of sight 2*2 MIMO Link operating at 1.2Gbps" IEEE explore January 2009.
[4] Vijay Venkateswaran, Alle-Jan van der veen "Multichannel £Ϫ ADCs with Integrated Feedback Beamformers to Cancel Interfering Communication signals" IEEE transaction may 2011.
[5] B.LIAO, K.M.TSUI and S.C.Chan"Robust Beamforming with Magnitude Response Constraints using Iterative Second Order Cone Programming" IEEE transactions September 2011.
[6] Huiqin Du, TharmalingamRatnarajah "Joint Transceiver Beamforming in MIMO Cognitive Radio Network via Second Order Cone Programming" IEEE transaction February 2012.

ABSTRACT:Complex computational problems arising in control systems that employ digital signal processing for control tasks such as precision motion control, real-time processing of sensor data and machine vision are tedious, requiring significant amounts of calculation of mathematical functions. In addition, such problems need to be solved in a strictly limited time, so the mathematical computations must be optimized for speed. One of the most important operations performed by such systems is the reconstruction of digital signals. Traditionally, in high-end applications, this is done using advanced interpolation techniques. The computation- intensive
requirements of such applications require the formulation of the interpolation problem in a way that is efficient for computer execution. However, the choice of interpolation technique is not always straight-forward, as it depends on the nature and size of the problem.

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[4] J. T. Olkkonen, and H. Olkkonen, Sampling and Reconstruction of Zero-Order Hold Signals by Parallel RC Filters, Wireless Engineering and Technology vol.2, no. 03 (2011): 153.

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[7] S. K. Narang, A. Gadde, and A. Ortega, Signal processing techniques for interpolation in graph structured data, Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), 2013 IEEE International Conference on. IEEE, 2013.

ABSTRACT:This paper présents a new approach for multi-objective optimization of area-delay-power simultaneously for VLSI implementation of digital finite impulse response filter. It is based on use of concept of multiple constant multiplication approach with partial product sharing and coefficient reuse in multiplier module and /or digit serial architecture in adder module design along with fixed point arithmetic. Designs are synthesized using Synopsys Design Compiler in 90 nm & 45 nm process technology. The synthesis results shows that proposed approach provide a good multi-objective optimization technique for digital FIR filter compared to
other previous findings published in last decade.
Keywords: Direct form (DF) FIR filter, Transposed form, Multiple Constant Multiplication (MCM), Computation Sharing Multiplication (CSHM)

[1]. Zhipeng Zeng ; Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Ryerson Univ., Toronto, ON, Canada ; Sedaghat, R. ; Sengupta, A., " A novel
framework of Optimizing modular computing architecture for multi objective VLSI designs", Microelectronics (ICM), 2009
International IEEE Conference, Marrakech, ISBN: 978-1-4244-5814-1, 19-22 Dec. 2009.
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Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems, Vol. 14, No. 4, Article 55, Pub. date: August 2009.
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[5]. Y. Voronenko and M. Piischel, "Multiplierless Multiple Constant Multiplication," ACM Transactions on Algorithms, vol. 3, no. 2,
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