iosr-JVSP   Volume-5 ~ Issue-6 ~ Nov-Dec 2015

ABSTRACT: Addition is most commonly performed arithmetic operation.Adder is basic building block of most of digital systems. Improvement in speed of adder indirectly improves speed of system. Hence careful design optimization is required. VHDL coding of different adders is done and comparative analysis is made. Each adder has its own positives and negatives in terms of speed and area. Various adders are designed using VHDL. Then, they are simulated and synthesized using Xilinx ISE 9.2i for Spartan 3E family device with speed grade -5.

Keywords – Adder, Carry Look Ahead, Carry Save Adder, Ripple Carry Adder, FPGA

[1] R.UMA, Vidya Vijayan , M. Mohanapriya, Sharon Paul," Area, Delay and Power Comparison of Adder Topologies", International Journal of VLSI design & Communication Systems (VLSICS) Vol.3, No.1, February 2012.
[2] Animul islam, M.W. Akram, S.D. pable ,Mohd. Hasan, "Design and Analysis of Robust Dual Threshold CMOS Full Adder Circuit in 32 nm Technology", International Conference on Advances in Recent Technologies in Communication and Computing,2010.
[3] Deepa Sinha, Tripti Sharma, k.G.Sharma, Prof.B.P.Singh, "Design and Analysis of low Power 1-bit Full Adder Cell",IEEE, 2011.
[4] V.Krishna Kumari, Y.Sri Chakrapani," Designing and Characterization of koggestone, Sparse Kogge stone, Spanning tree and Brentkung Adders" International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) Vol. 3, Issue. 4, July-august. 2013 pp-2266-2270

ABSTRACT: The hike in internet usage globally and the ascending number of its users have ensued to high demands for high speed data communication systems enriched with faster processors and high speed interfaces to peripheral components. With the advent to QDR SRAMs these requirements of this evolving system are fulfilled. The QDR SRAM enables the system to work on four times the bandwidth when compared to other SRAM architectures. For proper functioning of these SRAMs we introduce a design of QDR II+ controller which serves the purpose of translating memory requests issued by the hardware to which the RAM has been interfaced, into data and control signals for the SRAM while complying to the timing requirements imposed by the memory configurations.

Keywords: FPGA, QDR II+ memory, IP core, SoC, Verilog

[1]. Altera Corporation, AN 461: Design Guidelines for Implementing QDRII+ and QDRII SRAM Interfaces in Stratix III and Stratix IV Devices. February 2010.
[2]. Altera Corporation, AN 326: Interfacing QDRII+ & QDRII with Stratix II, Stratix II GX, Stratix, & Stratix GX Devices.
[3]. Cypress Semiconductor Corporation.CY7C1302V25 9-Mb Pipelined SRAM with QDR™ Architecture. May 2008.
[4]. Steven M. Rubin, Computer Aids for VLSI Design, Addison-Wesley, 1987.
[5]. Jack Truong. (March 31st, 2005). Evolution of Network Memory. [Online]. Available: http://www.jedex.org/
[6]. Markus Ringhofer, "Design and Implementation of a Memory Controller for Real-Time Applications," Institut fur Technische Informatik ¨ Technische Universit¨at Graz

ABSTRACT: Text to speech synthesis (TTS) is the production of artificial speech by a machine for the given text as input. The speech synthesis can be achieved by concatenation and Hidden Markov Model techniques. The voice synthesized by these techniques should be evaluated for quality. The study extends towards the comparative analysis for quality of speech synthesis using hidden markov model and unit selection approach. The quality of synthesized speech is analyzed for subjective measurement using mean opinion score and objective measurement based on mean square score and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). The quality is also accessed by Mel-frequency cepstral coefficient features for synthesized speech. The experimental analysis shows that unit selection method results in better synthesized voice than hidden markov model.

Keywords: TTS, MOS, HMM, Unit Selection, Mean, Variance, MSE, PSNR.

[1]. Mohammed Waseem, C.N Sujatha, ―Speech Synthesis System for Indian Accent using Festvox‖, International journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research, ISSN 2319-8885 Vol.03,Issue.34 November-2014, Pages:6903-6911
[2]. Sangramsing Kayte, Kavitawaghmare ,Dr. Bharti Gawali ―Marathi Speech Synthesis: A review‖ International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169 Volume: 3 Issue: 6 3708 – 3711.
[3]. S. Martincic- Ipsic and I. Ipsic, ―Croatian HMM Based Speech Synthesis,‖ 28th Int. Conf. Information Technology Interfaces ITI 2006, pp.19-22, 2006, Cavtat, Croatia.
[4]. Alex Acero, ―Formant Analysis and Synthesis using Hidden Markov Models‖. Proceedings of Eurospeech conference. September 1999
[5]. R.sproat, J. Hirschberg, and D. Yarowsky, ―A corpus-based synthesizer‖, Proc. ICSLP, pp.563-566, 1992.
[6]. T.Yoshimura, K.Tokuda, T. Masuko, T. Kobayashi and T. Kitamura,―Simultaneous Modeling of Spectrum, Pitch and Duration in HMM-Based Speech Synthesis‖In Proc. of ICASSP 2000, vol 3, pp.1315-1318, June 2000.

ABSTRACT: Speech synthesis is the process of converting written text into machine-generated synthetic speech. Concatenative speech synthesis systems form utterances by concatenating pre-recorded speech units. Corpus-based methods use a large inventory to select the units to be concatenated. In this paper, we design and develop an intelligible and natural sounding corpus-based concatenative speech synthesis system for the Marathi language. The implemented system contains a front-end comprised of text analysis, phonetic analysis, and optional use of transplanted prosody.

[1] Sangramsing Kayte, Dr. Bharti Gawali "Marathi Speech Synthesis: A review" International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169 Volume: 3 Issue: 6 3708 – 3711
[2] Sangramsing Kayte, Monica Mundada "Study of Marathi Phones for Synthesis of Marathi Speech from Text" International Journal of Emerging Research in Management &Technology ISSN: 2278-9359 (Volume-4, Issue-10) October 2015
[3] Monica Mundada, Bharti Gawali, Sangramsing Kayte "Recognition and classification of speech and its related fluency disorders" International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies (IJCSIT)
[4] X. Huang, A. Acero and H.W. Hon, Spoken Language Processing, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 2001.
[5] F. Spyns, F. Deprez, L.V. Tichelen and B.V. Coile, "Message-to-Speech: High Quality Speech Generation for Messaging and Dialogue Systems", Proceedings of the ACL/EACL Workshop on Concept to Speech Generation, pp. 11-16, 1997.

ABSTRACT:Filtering is widely used in image and video processing for various applications like noise reduction, feature extraction, smoothing, detail enhancement etc. Bilateral filter is a most popular filtering method but it produces gradient reversal artifacts near edges. To overcome this drawback, guided filter is used for various applications. To develop real time detail enhancement application, hardware implementation of guided filter is proposed by using system generator tool. In this paper, guided filter is implemented on FPGA for video with optimized frame rate of 284 fps to make time efficient system and also resources are optimized to make area efficient system. This hardware based design of guided filter using color guidance image is applied for real time video in detail enhancement application.
Keywords - Guided filter, detail enhancement, FPGA, resource optimization, system generator.

[1] C. Ye, D. Tao, M. Song, D. Jacobs, and M. Wu, Sparse Norm Filtering, arXiv preprint, arXiv: 1305.3971, 2013.
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[7] Z. Farbman, R. Fattal, D. Lischinski, and R. Szeliski, Edge-preserving decompositions for multiscale tone and detail manipulation, ACM Trans. Graph., 27(3), 2008, 67:1–67:10.
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ABSTRACT: The research presents the capability of a Hidden Markov Model-based TTS system to produce Marathi speech. In this synthesis method, routes of speech parameters are generated from the trained Hidden Markov Models. A final speech waveform is synthesized from those speech parameters. In our experiments, spectral properties were represented by Mel Cepstrum Coefficients. Both the training and synthesis issues are investigated in this research using marked Marathi speech database. Experimental evaluation depicts that the developed text-to-speech system is accomplished of producing effectively regular speech in terms of intelligibility and pitch for Marathi.

Keywords: Marathi Speech Synthesis, Text-To-Speech (TTS), Hidden-Markov-Model (HMM), Marathi HTS.

[1]. Mohammed Waseem, C.N Sujatha, "Speech Synthesis System for Indian Accent using Festvox", International journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research, ISSN 2319-8885 Vol.03,Issue.34 November-2014, Pages:6903-6911
[2]. Sangramsing Kayte, Kavita waghmare ,Dr. Bharti Gawali "Marathi Speech Synthesis: A review" International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169 Volume: 3 Issue: 6 3708 – 3711.
[3]. Campbell, N., Black, A.: Prosody and the Selection of Source Units for Concatenative Synthesis, J. van Santen, R. Sproat, J. Olive and J. Hirschberg (Eds.), in Progress in Speech Synthesis, pp. 279–282, Springer Verlag, 1996.
[4]. Deketelaere S., Deroo O., Dutoit T., "Speech Processing for Communications: What's New?"(*) MULTITEL ASBL, 1 Copernic Ave, Initialis Scientific Park, B-7000 MONS(**) Faculté Polytechnique de Mons, TCTS Lab, 1 Copernic Ave, Initialis Scientific Park, B-7000 MONS.
[5]. T. Yoshimura, K. Tokuda, T. Masuko, T.Kobayashi and T.Kitamura, "Simultaneous Modeling of Spectrum, Pitch and Duration in HMM Based Speech Synthesis," Proc. of EUROSPEECH, vol.5, pp.2347–2350, 1999.
[6]. K. Tokuda, H. Zen, and A. W. Black, "An HMM-based speech synthesis applied to English," in IEEE Workshop in Speech Synthesis, 2002.

ABSTRACT: In this research paper, we discuss our efforts in the development of Marathi language speech databases in Marathi for building large vocabulary. We have collected speech data from about 5 speakers in these one languages. We discuss the design and methodology of collection of speech databases. We also present preliminary speech recognition results using the acoustic models created on these databases using Sphinx 2 and Festvox speech tool kit.

[1]. Sangramsing Kayte, Dr. Bharti Gawali "Marathi Speech Synthesis: A review" International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169 Volume: 3 Issue: 6 3708 – 3711
[2]. Sangramsing Kayte, Monica Mundada, Dr. CharansingKayte "A Review of Unit Selection Speech Synthesis International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering -Volume 5, Issue 10, October-2015
[3]. Singh, S. P., et al Building Large Vocabulary Speech Recognition Systems for Indian Languages , International Conference on Natural Language Processing, 1:245-254, 2004.
[4]. http://tdil.mit.gov.in/corpora/ach-corpora.htm#tech Marathi CIIL corpus.

ABSTRACT:On-Line continuous monitoring of ECG signals and Digital Signal Processing(DSP) for Deviation Detection has specific diagnostic value. Such analysis, need conservation of Digital storage space as large amount of digitized data results from body area electronics. So, Compression becomes essential for such Tele Cardiology, runs into hours and days in the case of critical patients and ICU situation. In this work a methodology for wavelet based on line compression is evolved, segmenting ECG beat waveform into 128 cubic splines, for Digital Signal Processing (DSP). In the compression methodology, depending on sampling rate, of ADC converter of the ECG body area electronics, a 'Δx' parameter is fine tuned practically, to reduce the digital storage space, to be able to do high frequency loss less decompression, from stored digital data, in case of requirement for later usage and analysis or diagnostics. Zonal based coding is also introduced for fine tuning ΔP, ΔQRS, ΔT practically, to retain significant diagnostic spectrum in the major waves of ECG beat, for leaving scope, also for future diagnostics

[1]. Jie Zhu Nini Rao Dasong Liang, Design of Preprocessing Circuit for Wireless ECG Monitoring System" 2008, International
Conference on BioMedical Engineering and Informatics.
[2]. M Seshagiri Rao, Senior Member IEEE, 2nd International Conference on "Emerging Trends and Technology in Today‟s Era
(ETTTE-2015)", India, ISBN No: 978-81-927182-1-7
[3]. M Hong, Z Yazun "Portable ECG Measurement Device based on MSP430 MCU" 2008 International Conference on BioMedical
Engineering and Informatics.
[4]. V. Noparrat, P. Keeratiwintakorn "The Three-Lead Wireless ECG in Sensor Networks for Mobile Patients." SICE Annual
Conference 2008, August 20-22, 2008, Japan
[5]. M Akay, Time Frequency and Wavelets in Biomedical Signal Processing, Biomedical Engineering, New York, N.Y:IEEE Press,
1998
[6]. B. Bradie, " Wavelet packet-based compression of single lead ECG", IEEE Trans. Biomed Eng, vol 43, pp 493-501, May 1996

ABSTRACT: In this paper, CMOS digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) design is analyzed for 4-16 bits. The CMOS DCO is designed based on a ring oscillator. Simulations of the analyzed DCO using 250nm CMOS technology achieve controllable different frequency range with a wide linearity. A 4-bit digitally controlled CMOS oscillator (DCO) design is best by adjusting the width of p-MOS and n-MOS devices towards low power consumption of 2.2 MW at 1.6GHz with low jitter.

Keywords: DCO, Jitter, CMOS , Ring oscillator, Low power , Low Jitter

[1]. Lizhong Sun and Kwasniewski T. A., A 1.25-GHz 0.35-mm Monolithic CMOS PLL Based on a Multiphase Ring Oscillators in 6H-SiC, IEEE Journal on Solid-State Circuits, Vol.36, No.6, Jun. 2001.

[2]. Roland E. Best: "Phase-locked loops. Theory, Design, and Applications," McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1984.

[3]. B. Razavi, "Monolithic Phase-Locked Loops and Clock-Recovery Circuits," IEEE P press, 1996. Collection of IEEE PLL papers.

[4] J. Zhao and Y.-B. Kim, "A 12-bit digitally controlled oscillator with low power consumption," in Proceedings of the 51st IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS '08), pp. 370–373, Knoxville, Tenn., USA, August 2008. [5]. Manoj Kumar, Sandeep K. Arya "Digitally controlled oscillator design with a variable capacitance XOR gate" Journal of Semiconductors, Vol. 32, No. 10, October 2011

ABSTRACT: Cloud computing is latest trend in IT world. The relative novelty and rapidly increasing growth of cloud computing makes it an exciting area for research. The present paper aims to assess the state of cloud computing research. We portray a current landscape of this research stream, where it is today, and most importantly, given the current relevance of the topic, some suggestions as to where more effort should be focused in the future in order to produce more 'consumable research'. The remainder of this article is organized as follows: First a brief overview of cloud computing is given. Next the research methodology and our classification schema are presented. This is followed by the results of our literature review and classification.

Keywords: cloud computing, literature review, classifications

[1] KHAJEH-HOSSEINI, A., SOMMERVILLE, I. and SRIRAM, I. "Research Challenges for Enterprise Cloud Computing," (unpublished).( Submitted to 1st ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, June 2010, under paper id 54)
[2] Adamov, A ; Erguvan, M.; (2009),"The Truth about Cloud Computing as new Paradigm in IT",IEEE International Conference on Application of Information and communication Technologies, AICT 2009.
[3] Dikaiakos, M.D; Katsaros, D.; Mehra, P.; Pallis, G.; Vakali, A.; (2010), "Cloud Computing Distributed Internet Computing for IT and Scientific Research".Vol.13 ,pp 10, Sept.-Oct. 2009.
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ABSTRACT:Research on Text-to-speech technology has received the interest of professional researchers in many languages which is a consequence of wide range of applications where Text-To-Speech is implemented. However, Maharashtra Marathi pronunciation: locally is a state in the western region of India and is the nation's third largest state and also the world's second-most populous sub-national entity. It has over 110 million inhabitants and its capital, Mumbai, has a population of approximately 18 million. Nagpur serves as second capital as well as winter capital of the state. Maharashtra's business opportunities along with its potential to offer a higher standard of living attract migrants from all over India.

[1] Sangramsing N.kayte "Marathi Isolated-Word Automatic Speech Recognition System based on Vector Quantization (VQ)
approach" 101th Indian Science Congress Jammu University 03th Feb to 07 Feb 2014.
[2] Sangramsing Kayte, Monica Mundada, Dr. CharansingKayte "Di-phone-Based Concatenative Speech Synthesis System for Hindi"
International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering -Volume 5, Issue 10, October-2015
[3] Sangramsing Kayte, Monica Mundada "Study of Marathi Phones for Synthesis of Marathi Speech from Text" International Journal
of Emerging Research in Management &Technology ISSN: 2278-9359 (Volume-4, Issue-10) October 2015
[4] S. Lemmetty, Review of Speech Synthesis Technology, Master Thesis. Helsinki University of Technology, 1999.
[5] M. G. Fatima Chouireb, "Towards a high quality Arabic speech synthesis system based on eural networks and residual excited
vocal tract model," Springer, Oct. 2008.