iosr-JVSP   Volume-6 ~ Issue-3 ~ May-June 2016

ABSTRACT: The analysis of fetus behavior is observed using the medical imaging tool called the Ultrasound imaging. The quality of these images tend be low due the presence of noise. Hence, this noise needs to be suppressed or removed. Pre-processing steps are done before the fetal development analysis. The system helps the pregnant women to take care of her health with the suggestion from the expert.......

Keywords: Denoising, Enhancement, Image Analysis, Ultrasound images

[1] Richard N. Czerwinski, Member, IEEE, Douglas L. Jones, Senior Member, IEEE,and William D. O'Brien, Jr., Fellow, ―Detection of Lines and Boundaries in Speckle Images—Application to Medical Ultrasound‖, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, vol. 18, no. 2, february 1999.
[2] S.G.Chang, B.Yu, M.Vetterli, Spatially adaptive wavelet thresholding with Context modeling for image denoising, IEEE Transaction on Image Processing, vol.9 (9), pp.1522–1531, 2000.
[3] A.Pizurica, W.Philips, I.Lamachieu, M.Acheroy, A joint inter and intrascale statistical model for Bayesian wavelet based image denoising, IEEE Transaction on Image Processing, vol.11 (5), pp.545–557, 2002.
[4] R. Gonzalez, R.E. Woods, Digital Image Processing (Upper Saddle River, NJ, Prentice Hall, 2002).
[5] D.L.Donoho, Denoising by softthresholding, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 41, pp. 613–627, 1995

ABSTRACT: The hardware design and the FPGA implementation of the Fast Fourier Transform over Galois Field i.e. GF(23) is described. By considering the algorithm presented in [2], we have designed the architecture in four stages. The method used for designing is cyclotomic decomposition. The cyclotomic fast Fourier transform is preferred due to low multiplicative complexity. The architecture for GF(23) have been proposed in the paper and implemented on FPGA kit Virtex-5.

Keywords: Cyclotomic, Fourier Transform, FPGA, Galois Field.

[1]. Trifonov, Peter. "On the additive complexity of the cyclotomic FFT algorithm."In Information Theory Workshop (ITW), 2012 IEEE, pp. 537-541. IEEE, 2012.

[2]. Trifonov, P. V., and S. V. Fedorenko. "A method for fast computation of the Fourier transform over a finite field." Problems of Information Transmission 39, no. 3 (2003): 231-238.

[3]. Ghouwayel Ali Al, Yves Louet, Amor Nafkha, and Jacques Palicot. "On the FPGA implementation of the Fourier transform over finite fields GF (2m)." In Communications and Information Technologies, 2007. ISCIT'07. International Symposium on, pp. 146-151. IEEE, 2007.

[4]. R. Blahut, "Theory and Practice of Error Control Codes," Reading Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley, 1983.

[5]. Shu Lin, Daniel J. Costello Jr., "Error Control Coding," Pearson Education, 2005

ABSTRACT:All farmers are poor averagely. They can't afford the automation systems which are very expensive. All farmers need cheap and simple unit for their farm automation. We are trying to provide a generalized irrigation controller and web portal for information flow and smart decisions for farmers. We put a system model which will handle farm irrigation automation with 'n' number of sensor inputs and user interfaces. We also put a system model which sends the 'ON FARM ACTIONS' data to the central receiver. This server provides a web portal for 'n' number of farmers to access their data which is related. It will help to take smart decisions depending upon the collective data and virtual farming algorithms.

Keywords: Farmer, Agriculture, Automation, Generalized Irrigation, Microcontroller, Data Processing

[1]. http://www.irrometer.com/pdf/supportmaterial/ADG2006.pdf
[2]. http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/pdf/em/em8900.pdf
[3]. http://www.jains.com/irrigation/automtion%20systems/Automation%20systems.htm
[4]. http://www.norgren.com/document_resources/KIP/Valves03.pdf
[5]. http://www.ijens.org/104602-5757%20IJECS-IJENS.pdf

ABSTRACT: In the survey American Foundation for Blind 2014, is observed that there are 6.8 trillion people are visually impaired and they still find difficult to roll their day today life it is important to take necessary measure with the emerging technologies to help them to live the current world irrespective of their impairments.In the motive of supporting the visually impaired, a method is proposed to develop a self-assisted text to speech module in order to make them read and understand the text in an easier way.

Keywords: ABF, OCR, Text Reading for Blind, Text to speech method, Visually Impaired Persons

[1]. [AlexandreTrilla and Francesc Alías. (2013),"Sentence-Based Sentiment Analysis for Expressive Text-to-Speech‟, IEEE Transactions onAudio, Speech, and Language Processing, Vol. 21, Issue. 2. pp. 223-233.
[2]. Alías F. Sevillano X. Socoró J. C Gonzalvo X. (2008), "Towards high-quality next-generation text-to-speech synthesi‟, IEEE Trans. Audio, Speech, Language Process, Vol. 16, No. 7. pp. 1340-1354.
[3]. Balakrishnan G. Sainarayanan G. Nagarajan R. and Yaacob S. (2007) "Wearable real-time stereo vision for the visually impaired‟, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 6–14.
[4]. Chucai Yi. YingLiTian.AriesArditi. (2014), "Portable Camera-based Assistive Text and Product Label Reading from Hand-held Objects for Blind Persons‟, IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 1-10.
[5]. Deepa Jose V. and Sharan R. (2014), "A Novel Model for Speech to Text Conversion‟, International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) Vol.3, Issue.1, pp. 39-41.

ABSTRACT:Now a days the use of vehicle is increasing rapidly. The vehicle is a complex system having different controlling parameters such as wiper control, ventilation control etc. Many systems has been designed for controlling this parameters with different controllers. The system becomes bulky if different circuiteries are used for different controlling parameters. But the need of the hour is high performance with nano design. So to achive all these requirments SOC is designed.SOC is a Complete system which is able to achive all the requirments of the user on a single chip.........

Keywords: FPGA ( Field Programmable Gate Array), ISE ( Integrated Synthesis Environment simulator ), SOC(System On Chip).

[1] V. Usha Rani, K. Omeswara Reddy "Microcontroller Managed Module For Automatic Ventilation Of Vehicle Interior"
International Journal of Industrial Electronics and Electrical Engineering, ISSN:47-6982 Volume-3, Issue-6, June-2015.
[2] Fazel Elahi, Rahman "Intelligent windshield for automotive vehicles" Computer and information technology (ICCIT),2014 17th
international conference on INSPEC Accession Number:15025783.
[3] Mukul Joshi1,2, Kaustubh Jogalekar2, Dr. D.N.Sonawane2, Vinayak Sagare3, M.A.Joshi2, "A Novel and Cost Effective Resistive
Rain Sensor for Automatic Wiper Control : Circuit Modelling and Implementation". 2013 Seventh International Conference on
Sensing Technology.
[4] Rajesvari.R1, Manoj.G2, Angelin Ponrani.M3 "System-on-Chip (SoC) for Telecommand System Design". International Journal of
Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering Vol. 2, Issue 3, March 2013.

ABSTRACT: A MEMS based energy harvester device is designed to convert mechanical vibration energy to electrical energy via piezoelectric effect. This paper describes vibration based MEMS piezoelectric energy harvester covering design, analysis and simulation of microcantilever structure of various shapes. The cantilever based piezoelectric energy harvester is proposed, designed and optimized using COMSOL multiphysics tool. The focus of this paper is to study the effect on resonance frequency and voltage enhancement of piezoelectric MEMS devices. To lower the resonance frequency and maximize the output voltage, a proof mass is placed on the tip of the cantilever. The output and sensitivity of cantilever structure with different shapes and materials are assessed under identical excitation conditions...........

Keywords: Piezoelectric energy harvester, unimorph cantilever, bimorph cantilever, COMSOL Multiphysics

[1]. S. Priya and D. J. Inman, “Energy Harvesting Technologies”, Springer, New York, 2009.

[2]. C. Niezrecki, D. Brei, S. Balakrishnan, and A. Moskalik, “Piezoelectric actuation: state of the art,” Shock and Vibration Digest, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 269–280, 2001.

[3]. S. R. Anton and H. A. Sodano, “A review of power harvesting using piezoelectric materials ,” Smart Materials and Structures, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. R1–R21, 2007.

[4]. R. S. Bindu, Kushal, M. Potdar, “Study of Piezoelectric Cantilever Energy Harvesters,” International journal of innovative research and development, vol. 3, no.2, 2014.

[5]. Erturk, A. and Inman, D. J., “Mechanical Modeling of Cantilevered Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvesters,” Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, Vol. 19, No. 11, pp. 1311-1325, 2008

ABSTRACT: This paper presents about Wavelet Transform used in Embedded Signal processing for speech signal noise cancellation. Filters are used to filter out particular fixed frequency, but in Wavelet transform is taking the overlapped windowed frames of input signal transforming it from time domain to frequency domain. Wavelet Transform we can decompose the signal into two values approximate and detail components. Approximate component is having high scale and low frequency while detail component is having low scale and high frequency...........

Keywords: Wavelet Transform family such as Haar, Daubechies, Coiflet, Symlet.

[1]. Zhanfeng Wang, Suping Li, Discrete Fourier Transform and Discrete Wavelet Packet Transform in Speech Denoising, 2012 5th
International Congress on Image and Signal Processing (CISP 2012).
[2]. Analysis and Calculation of Wavelet Correlation Filtering Denoise, Zhang Lixia et al., 978-1-4799-7958-5/14/$31.00 ©2014 IEEE.
[3]. Denoising sensors signals within mechatronic systems using a Wavelet technique, Tihal Saber et al., 978-1-4673-6673-1/15/31:00
2015 IEEE.
[4]. Yasser Ghanbari, Mohammad Reza Karami-Mollaei, A new approach for speech enhancement based on the adaptive thresholding
of the wavelet packets, Elsevier Speech Communication 48 (2006) 927–940.
[5]. Wang Zhongsheng, He Hong, Chen Qian. The application on early diagnosis diagnosis based on the wavelet analysis for the engine.
Journal of northwestern polytechnical university, 2006, 24(1): 68-71.

ABSTRACT: Most of the existing content based image retrieval techniques use the features like color, texture and shape etc. which are extracted from the images. These techniques perform reasonably well, but the accuracy and efficiency using these methods is not very good. Therefore, the paper investigates different methods which can be used to get a satisfactory result, good performance and good response time............

Keywords: CBIR, Neural network, Fundus images, image retrieval, feature extraction.

[1] Michael Lew et.al., Content Based Multimedia Information retrieval: State of the art and challenges, ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications and Applications, 2006, 1-19.
[2] Smeulders A.W.M., Worring M., Santini S., Gupta A., Jain R., Content Based Image retrieval at the end of the early years, IEEE transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 22(12), 2000, 1349 – 1380.
[3] Sun-A Lee, Min-uk Kim, Kyoungro Yoon, Generation of Metadata using Content Based Image retrieval system, International Conference on Information Science and Applications, 2014, 1-6.
[4] Ozyer G.T., Vural F.Y., A Content Based Image retrieval system using Visual Attention, 8th IEEE Colloquium on Signal Processing and Communication Application Conference, 2012, 228-231.
[5] Venters C.C., Cooper M., Content Based Image retrieval, JISC Technology Application Program, 2000.

ABSTRACT: Exploitation of redundancy of message will be exhausted in two ways, in which one by considering the samples of message separately and second, considering the samples of message as blocks. The second way is found to be a lot of effective for both lossy and lossless compression applications. Vector quantization is a method of coding the message by forming blocks consistently. The vector quantization is being used to code speech, image and video multimedia data...........

Keywords: Vector quantization

[1] T.M. Cover and J.A. Thomas. Elements of Information Theory. Wiley Series in Telecommunications. John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1991.
[2] T. Berger. Rate Distortion Theory: A Mathematical Basis for Data Compression. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1971.
[3] R.M. Gray. Entropy and Information Theory. Springer-Verlag, 1990.
[4] S.P. Lloyd. Least Squares Quantization in PCM. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, IT-28:127–135, March 1982.
[5] Y. Linde, A. Buzo, and R.M. Gray. An algorithm for vector quantization design. IEEE Transactions on Communications, COM-28:84–95, Jan. 1980.
[6] E.E. Hilbert. Cluster Compression Algorithm—A Joint Clustering Data Compression Concept. Technical Report JPL Publication 77-43, NASA, 1977.

ABSTRACT: In this paper, we propose LMS (least mean squares) algorithm for the designing an of adaptive traversal filters using two different techniques, a carry save multiplier based architecture and a high speed vedic mathematics based multiplier architecture. Finally comparing the results to evaluate the best design in terms of processing speed. Both of the adaptive filter architectures have been coded in verilog HDL language and synthesized, simulated in Xilinx ISE environment. The main application areas includes unknown system identification for communication processes, Channel Equalization, Noise Cancellation and Echo cancellation like DSP operations............

Keywords: Adaptive Filter, LMS Algorithm, Vedic multiplier, Transversal FIR filter, Carry Slave multiplier

[1]. Pramod Kumar Meher, Senior Member, IEEE, and Sang Yoon Park, Member, IEEE, "Critical-Path Analysis and Low-Complexity Implementation of the LMS Adaptive Algorithm", IEEE Transactions on circuits and systems—I: Regular papers,Vol. 61, no. 3, March 2014.
[2]. Pramod Kumar Meher, Senior Member, IEEE, and Sang Yoon Park, Member, IEEE, "Area-delay-power efficient fixed-point LMS adaptive filter with low adaptation-delay," Trans. Very Large Scale Integr. (VLSI) Signal Process. [Online]. Available: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org,February 2014.
[3]. S. S. Kerur, Prakash Narchi, Jayashree C N, Harish M Kittur and Girish V A, "Implementation of Vedic Multiplier for Digital Signal Processing", International Conference on VLSI, Communication & Instrumentation (ICVCI) 2011 Proceedings published by International Journal of Computer Applications® (IJCA)

ABSTRACT:A voltage-controlled oscillator is an oscillator designed using cascaded inverters of order of odd number to generate signal of certain frequency. This depends on the control voltage applied as input to the VCO. VCO can be designed as part of Phased Locked Loop where a Phase detector detects the difference between phase and frequency of reference frequency with a required frequency. This difference is applied as control voltage to VCO. The output frequency is divided by certain frequency to generate a low frequency to match with that of Reference frequency. Oscillators are used in Phased Locked Loop receivers............

Keywords: VCO, PLL, Ring Oscillator, clock synchronization etc.,

[1]. V.Michal."On the Low Power Design ,Stability Inprovement and Frequency Estimation of the CMOS Ring Oscillator".
[2]. Mandal, M.K. & Sarkar, B.C"Ring Oscillator and Characteristics and applications"
[3]. B. Sunar, W. J. Martin, D. R. Stinson ,"A Provably Secure True Random Number Generator with built in Tolerance to Active attacts"
[4]. Takahito ,ONODERA. "A Performance Prediction of Clock Generation PLLs: A Ring Oscillator Based PLL and an LC Oscillator Based PLL"
[5]. Slashdot Science: "IBM Creates Ring Oscillator on a Single Nanotube"

ABSTRACT:This paper represents the design and implementation of prototype of water level monitoring and controlling in canal and subcanal. This paper probes into the design of the automatic gate controlling system based on AVR microcontroller. This design aims to develop a low cost and efficient prototype model which is based on embedded platform for water level monitoring and controlling system. At present, manpower saving and water-saving technology is a key issue in irrigation system, when the water level in the canal exceeds certain level, the subcanal starts over flowing to particular subcanal and its trenches ...........

Keywords: AVR microcontroller, ZIGBEE system, embedded system, sensors.

[1] Ms. Aparna M. et al," Design And Implementation Of Water Environment Monitoring System Using GSM Technology ", 2015 International Conference On Technologies For Sustainable Development (ICTSD-2015), Feb. 04 – 06, 2015, Mumbai, India.
[2] S.A.M.Matiurrahman, et al," Design Automatic Controlling System For TAP Water Using Floating Level Sensor",2014 IEEE International Symposiam On Robotics And Manufa
[3] Joaqungutirrez, et al., "Automated irrigation System using A wireless sensor network and gprs module", IEEE Transactions on instrumentation and measurement, vol. 63, no. 1, January 2014.
[4] Awati j.S. et al, "Automatic irrigation control by using wireless sensor networks" journal of exclusive management science" - june 2012-vol 1 issue 6 - ISSN 2277 – 5684.

[5] Udhayakumar, et al, "Power Aware Zone Based Routing in a Pervasive Irrigation Management System",ICCCNT'12 ,26th _28th July 2012, Coimbatore, India.