IOSR-JBM   Volume-16 ~ Issue-4 ~ April-2014

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Risks Faced and Mitigation Strategies Employed By Small and Medium Enterprises in Nairobi, Kenya
Country	:	Kenya
Authors	:	Githii Stephen Kagwathi, John Njau Kamau, & Mary Muthoni Njau, Stephen Maina Kamau
	:	10.9790/487X-16450111

Abstract: The role Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play in an economy cannot be over emphasized in both developed and developing countries and so their existence and survival is a concern not only to the governments but to scholars as well. In Kenya SMEs constitute a very important sector of economy employing majority of citizens. Majority of SMEs started die the same year due to risks,

[1]. Alila, O.P., & Pedersen P.O. (Eds). 2001. Negotiating social space: East African Microenterprises. Africa World Press.
[2]. Alquier, B., & Lagasse, T. 2006. Risk management in small‐medium sized enterprises. African Journal of Business Management, 17:273‐282.
[3]. Alquier, B.A. 2012. A method for knowledge capitalization driven by the implementation of a strategic decision support system. IPMA '98 World Congress on Project Management. Ljubjana, Slovenia.
[4]. Ariyo, D. 2005. Small firms are the backbone of Nigerian economy, Retrieved September 15, 2013 from www.africaneconomicanalysis.org.
[5]. Azende, T. 2012. Risk management and Insurance of small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria. International Journal of Finance and Accounting, 1(1), 8-17.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effect of Entrepreneurship Characteristic, Government Commitment and Business Competence on Performance of Small Micro Enterprise in Balikpapan
Country	:	India
Authors	:	GustiPutu Darya
	:	10.9790/487X-16451220

Abstract: Going into twentieth century economic uncertainty haunt most people in the world, including Indonesia., even about 47 million households in Indonesia or about 52 percent is in pre welfare household and welfare one household, with few shock may include in poor household (Suyono:2001).

[1]. Bank Indonesia, (2005), Hasil Penelitian Profil Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) di Indonesia. Biro Kredit Bank Indonesia
[2]. Cahyono, Bambang Tri, (1999), Riset Pemasaran dan Kumpulan Tulisan Ilmiah, Penerbit IPWI Jakarta.
[3]. Faisal, Tri Jatmiko wahyu Prabowo, (2008), Pengaruh Intensitas Persaingan Pasar, Strategi Dan Ketidakpastian Lingkungan, Yang Dirasakan Terhadap Penggunaan informasi Sistem Akuntansi Manajemen Dan Kinerja Unit Bisnis. FakultasEkonomiUniversitasDiponegoro, E-Mail: Fe_Faisal@Yahoo.Co.IdJaai Volume 10 No. 1, Juni 2006: 45 – 63
[4]. Kodrat, David Sukardi,(2009) Manajemen Strategis Membangun Keunggulan Bersaing Era Global di Indonesia Berbasis Kewirausahaan, Edisi Pertama, Penerbit Graha Ilmu, Yogyakarta

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Influences of the Performance of the Owner's Business And Personality-Based Small and Medium Enterprises: A Study on SME's in Sengkang Regency
Country	:	Indonesia
Authors	:	NuraeniKadir
	:	10.9790/487X-16452124

Abstract:This research aimed to test and analyze empirically the influence of the owner's personality on their business strategy orientation and on the enterprise performance either directly or indirectly. The hypothesis test was conducted using the empirical data obtained through questionnaires from 365 owners of the small scale firms. The hypothesis test used the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and the result found was that the owners' personalities had significantly influenced the small firms' strategy orientations, the business orientation, and the owners' personality; that the business strategy had a dominat impact on the performance of their small enterprises. The theoretical implication gained in this study was that the finding had shown a correlation between the owners' personality, the business strategy orientation, and their impact on the performance of their small enterprises.

[1]. Drago, W.A., and Clements, C. 1999. Leadership Characteristics and Strategic Planning. Management Research News. Vol.22, No. 1, pp.11-18
[2]. Kotey, B., and Meredith, G.G. 1997. Relationships among Owner/ Manager Personal Values, Business Strategies, and Enterprise Performance, Journal of Small Business Management, pp. 37-61
[3]. Rashid, Z.A., Sambasivan, M., and Johari, J. 2003. The Influence of Corporate Culture and Organizational Commitment on Performance. Journal of Management Development Vol. 22 No. 2, pp.708-728
[4]. Russel, R.F. 2001. The Role of Values in Servant Leadership, Leadership & Organization Development Journal 22/2, pp.76-83
[5]. Blackman, A.J. 2003. Entrepreneurs: Interrelation-ships between Their Characteristics, Values, Expectations, Management Practices and SME Performance, Doctor of Philosophy Thesis, Griffith University

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A Critique of Overreaction Effect in the Global Stock Markets over the past three decades
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Supriya Maheshwari, Prof. Raj S. Dhankar
	:	10.9790/487X-16452532

Abstract: Overreaction Effect can be traced back to 1980's when DeBondt and Thaler (1985) argued that there existed a strong tendency for both low and high performing securities in one period to experience reversal in following years. Since then it has become one of the grey areas in finance and lead to an on-going debate on its existence. The current paper critically evaluates the work of various authors discussing the possible causes of the effect and its behavioural aspects.

[1]. Ahmad, Z., & Hussain, S. (2001). KLSE Long Run Overreaction and the Chinese New Year Effect. Journal of Business,Finance and Accounting,28(1)&(2), 63-112.
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[3]. Ali, N., Nassair, A. M., Hassan, T., & Abidin, S. Z. (2011). Stock Overreaction Behaviour in Bursa Malaysia: Does the length of formation Period matter. British Journal of Economics, 42-56.
[4]. Alonso A., R. (1990). Overreaction in the Spanish Equity Market. Journal of Banking and Finance,14, 469-481.
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[6]. Ball, R., & Kothari, S. (1989). Non Stationary Expected Returns : implications for Test of Market efficiency and Srial Correlation in Returns. Journal of Financial Economics,25, 51-74.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Packaged Software Application Services Industry: Evolution and the factors affecting the Industry
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. K. Rangarajan, Sushil K. Tiwari
	:	10.9790/487X-16453338

Abstract: The global Software & Services industry group is composed of the Information Technology and Communication markets. Information Technology consists of Services, Software, Digital Media and Hardware. Software consists of Software Development. And, in turn, the Package Applications Industry falls under Software Development. Package Applications Industry is divided into three segments –Applications Development & Deployment, Applications, and System Infrastructure Software.

[1]. Jan Damsgaard and Jan Karlsbjerg; Seven Principles for Selecting Software Packages; Communications of the ACM, Vol. 53, No.8, Aug 2010
[2]. Neela AM, Mein J;How to Cut Your IT Maintenance and Support Costs, Gartner, Dec 03
[3]. Patrick Melgarejo, Worldwide Software 2012-2016 Forecast summary, Market Analysis, IDC, 2012
[4]. Gartner, Oct 2013
[5]. Debra Howcroft, Ben Light; The Social Shaping of Packaged Software Selection; Journal of the Association for Information Systems, Vol 11, Issue 3, Mar 2010
[6]. Albert H. Segars, Anthony R. Hendrickson; Value, Knowledge, and the Human Equation: Evolution of the Information Technology Eunction in Modem Organizations; Journal of Labour Research, Vol XXI, Number 3 Summer 2000

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Impact of Total Quality Management Practice on Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Nigeria. (A Case Study of Small Business Owners in Lagos).
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Samuel Olumuyiwa Olusanya, Eunice Abimbola Adegbola
	:	10.9790/487X-16453945

Abstract: The paper takes a look at the impact of total Quality Management Practice on Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Lagos State: a case study of Small business owners in Lagos. However, the paper makes use of primary data of questionnaire analysis and the objectives of the paper is to examine the impact of total quality management practices on Small and Medium Enterprises in Nigeria and to identify the challenges encountered by the SME in adopting successful quality management programmes within their organization. Moreover, two hypotheses were tested using the spearman's rank correlation coefficient and the result revealed that total quality management practices have a significant effect on Small and Medium Enterprises in Nigeria and challenges encountered by the SME has lead to successful total quality management programmes within their organizations.

[1]. Ajayi, A (2004). Analysis of Quality Management on Organizational Performance, Journal vol 33, pg 44-53, University Press Ibadan.
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[4]. Crosby, G.Y. (1980). Firms and Quality Management Practice, Journal vol 27, pg 33-49, Macgraw Hill Publication limited.
[5]. Dale H (2003) Impact of Training and Development on Firm Performance, Journal vol 17, pg 41-58, DDT Press.
[6]. Deming F. T. & Duran, D.D. (1950) Impact of leadership on Quality Management Control, Journal vol 55, pg 87-99, Meltwint Press limited.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The effects and effectiveness of Accountability and Transparency in Government Sectors
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	OSHO, Augustine E, AFOLAB, Matthew B
	:	10.9790/487X-16454654

Abstract: The study examined and ascertained the extent to which accountability, effectiveness and efficiency mechanism are being promoted and the problems that serve as hindrances to this in Ekiti State. All the data used were both the primary and secondary. Data were primarily gathered through questionnaires administered to the employees of the Nigerian Government Enterprises selected from ministries of Health, Education, Agriculture and Finance sectors at all levels of management.

[1]. Dogo, 1. (1990): "Management of Cost and prices in Nigerian Public Enterprises" Nigerian Management Review Vol. 5 Nos. 1 & 2
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[4]. Solola H. E (2006): The measurement and correction of performance in public sector.
[5]. Williams, A (2011): Shining a light on the Resource Curse: An Empirical Analysis of the Relation between Natural Resources, Transparency, and Economic Growth.
[6]. Wikipedia, The free Encyclopedia. The Economy of Nigeria. htt://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economyofnigeria

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Effect Of Islamic Leadership On Distributive Justice And Management Budget (Apb) And Employee Welfare In Islamic Universities In South Sulawesi
Country	:	Indonesia
Authors	:	Abdul Rahman Rahim
	:	10.9790/487X-16455563

Abstract: This study aims to identify and to explain the effect of Islamic Leadership application towards distributive justice and employee welfare of Islamic Universities in South Sulawesi Province. The study population of this study are all employees of Islamic Universities in South Sulawesi, with sample of 223 employees from 16 Islamic Universities. The hypotheses was tested using Partial Least Square (PLS) statistical method. Further steps the syar'i qualitiative analysis and kasyf/intuitive were conducted by using deductive reasoning based on the quidelines of Allah SWT contained in Al Qur'an and Sunnah of the Prophet.

[1]. Al Bayan, 2008. Shahih Bukhari Muslim. Bandung : Jabal Munawwir, Ahmad Warson. Al-Munawwir
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[3]. Carbonell, AF., 2002. Subjective Questions to Measure Welfare and Well-Being. Discussion paper. Tinbergen Institute. Amsterdam.
[4]. Chapra, M. Umar. 2000. Islam dan Tantangan Ekonomi , terj. Ikhwan Abidin, Jakarta : Gema Insani Press
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[7]. Ghozali, Imam. 2011. Structural Equation Modeling. Metode Alternatif dengan Partial Least Square (PLS). Edisi 3. Undip Press. Semarang

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Consumers\' perception analysis-Market awareness towards eco-friendly FMCG products-A case study of Mysore district
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. B. Nagaraju, Thejaswini H. D
	:	10.9790/487X-16456471

Abstract: In recent days, environmental issues have received a great deal of discussion in the field of marketing. When the society becomes more concerned with the natural environment, businessmen have begun to modify their behavior to address the society's new concern. With the growing awareness about the implication of global warming, non-bio degradable solid waste, harmful impact of pollutants etc, both marketer and consumers are switching to eco-friendly products and many companies have accepted their responsibility not to harm the environment and not to waste the natural resources.

[1]. Ajay Kumar Singh & Monkia Bansal (2012), " Green Marketing: A Study of Consumer Attitude and Environmental Concern". The Indian Journal of Commerce. Vol.65.No.2.
[2]. Aakansha Uppal & Dr. Anubhah Vashisht, "Attitude towards Green marketing".
[3]. Akpoghiran Patrick (2012), "Towards Environmental Management: A Case of Green Advertising for Consumer‟s Responsible Environmental Behavior".
[4]. Aladar Nagy & Istvan Piskoti (2004), "Environmentally Conscious Marketing".
[5]. Anirban Sarkar "Challenges and Opportunities of Green Marketing".

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Factors Affecting the Adoption of Global Sourcing: A Case Study of Tuskys Supermarkets, Kenya
Country	:	Kenya
Authors	:	Paul Ndegwa Magenda, Mike Amuhaya Iravo
	:	10.9790/487X-16457276

Abstract: Due to the changing market conditions, intensified global competition, and radical change in technology, pressure to improve is severe and relentless in business world. In the wake of such, global sourcing is proving a strategic weapon in establishing efficient supply chain, cutting costs, improving quality, and spurring innovation. This study is about factors affecting the adoption of global sourcing, a case study of Tuskys supermarkets in Kenya. The results of this study confirm the significant influence of four utmost important factors on adoption of global sourcing namely currency fluctuation, complex logistics, tariffs and non-tariff barriers, as well as culture and language differences.

[1]. Boyce, C., Bradley, P., Thomas, J., Gooley, T., Cooke, J.A. (1999, Nov. 29). Going up. Traffic World, pp. 5.
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[3]. George L. Harris, C.P.M. (2009). The Essence of Global Sourcing. Cambridge, MA.
[4]. Jinsook Cho, Jikyeong Kang, (2001) "Benefits and challenges of global sourcing: perceptions of US apparel retail firms", International Marketing Review, 18(5), pp.542 – 561.
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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Perceptional Errors: Personality and Moderating Role of Age and Gender in Stock Exchanges
Country	:	Iran
Authors	:	Zahra pirayesh rad, Ebrahim Chirani
	:	10.9790/487X-16457781

Abstract: One of the important factors in stock exchanges is investors' personality. The aim of this study is to identify the common perceptual errors among investors and its relation with their personality considering moderating role of their age and gender. For this purpose, a sample of 200 investors in Tehran's stock market was determined. The data of study were collected using a questionnaire. Then, according to the model, we tried to test hypotheses applying Pearson's linear correlation coefficient. Results show that there is a meaningful relation between perceptual errors and investors' personality. However, considering moderating variables, there is only significant relation between the two dimensions of conscientiousness and openness of personality given investors' gender and perceptual errors.

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