IOSR-JBM   Volume-21 ~ Issue-2 ~ February-2019

Abstract: Product preference indicates a desire to seek out a specific product, even when it requires paying more or expending more efforts to obtain it .Customer preferences are based on the customer's expectations, likes and dislikes and their inclinations towards a purchase of a particular product.Appealing to the preferences of customers is a basic marketing technique that is useful for branding, product development, distribution and customer experience. The following are common types of customer preference. There are various factors like brand image, price, quality etc, that can change one's taste or preference which in turn cause people to buy more or less of a product. This paper is focusing on Product Features,Personal and social factors, brand knowledge and advertisement and loyalty.

Keywords: Product, preferencs, customer, features, techniques

[1]. Asha Bhatia (2014), "A usage and attitude into the drivers and hurdles in the continued acceptance of low cost sanitary napkins in slums of Govanda- Mumbai, International Journal of Environmental, Ecology, Family and Urban Studies, pp.4, Vol 4, Issue19 http://www.tjprc.org/publishpapers/2-56-1417004047-4.%20Env%20Eco%20-%20IJEEFUS%20-%20%20A%20USAGE%20AND%20ATTITUDES%20STUDY%20%20-%20Asha%20Bhatia.Pdf

[2]. Lecia Bushak (2016), " A Brief History of The Menstrual Period: How Women Dealt With Their Cycle Throughout The Ages", Medical Daily https://www.medicaldaily.com/menstrual-period-time-month-history-387252
[3]. Snowberry(2017), "Things You Never Know About How Consumer Perception Influence Buying Decision", https://snowberrymedia.com/how-consumer-perception-influences-buying-decisions/
[4]. WhisperOutLoudSite(2015), Consumere Buying Behaviour, https://whisperoutloudsite.wordpress.com/2015/10/12/consumer-buying-behaviour/
[5]. Biopharma Drive(2019), " Indian Sanitary Market Overview 2018, Demand By Region, Types and Analysis of Key Players". https://www.biopharmadive.com/press-release/20180827-indian-sanitary-napkin-market-overview-2018-demand-by-regions-types-and-a/.

Abstract: Preface: Throughout the last decade and a half, management accounting practices (MAPs) studies have garnered increasing attention from researchers and professionals in accounting across several countries, particularly those that are in the process of transitioning. This may be attributed to many reasons, among the top of which is the increase in the domestic and foreign markets competitiveness, globalization effects, declines in profit margins and increase in the inputs owing to the energy and economic crisis. Purpose: This paper attempts to review studies dedicated to management accounting practices (MAPs) in several countries..........

Keywords: Management Accounting Practices (MAPs), Advanced and developing countries

[1]. Abdel-Kader, M. & Luther, R. (2006), Management accounting practices in the British food and drinks industry. British Food Journal, Vol. 108, No.5, pp. 336-357.
[2]. Ahmad, K. & Zabri, S.M . (2015), "Factors explaining the use of management accounting practices in Malaysian medium-sized firms", Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. 22 Issue: 4, pp.762-781.
[3]. AlKhajeh, M.H.A.,& Khalid, A. A. (2018), Management Accounting Practices (MAPs) Impact on Small and Medium Enterprise Business Performance within the Gauteng Province of South Africa, , Journal of Accounting and Auditing: Research & Practice.
[4]. Amara, T.& Benelifa, S.(2017) ,The Impact of External and Internal Factors on the Management Accounting Practices, International Journal of Finance and Accounting , 6(2): 46-58.
[5]. Angelakis, G. &Theriou, N. & Floropoulos, I.(2010), Advances in Accounting, incorporating Advances in International Accounting 26 (2010) 87–96..

Abstract: Nowadays organizations turn to any standard procedure to gain a sustainable competitive advantage. If sustainable, competitive advantage can bring about benefit to the organization. This paper outlines a model of the establishment and maintenance of sustainable competitive advantage for Banking Industry in Iraq. The Iraqi banking sector is currently facing higher and stronger foreign competition. There are now as many as 69 domestic and foreign banks operating in the Iraqi market. For such banks to stay in business and grow in this highly competitive environment........

Keywords: Competitive Advantage, Sustainable Competitive Advantage, Banking Industry in Iraq.

[1]. Adams, G. L., & Lamont, B. T. (2003). Knowledge management systems and developing sustainable competitive advantage. Journal of Knowledge Management, 7(2), 142–154.
[2]. Barney, J. (1991). Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99–120.
[3]. Baumol, W. J., Panzar, J. C., &Willig, R. D. (1982). Contestable markets and the theory of industry structure. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
[4]. Bennett, R., & Gabriel, H. (2001). Reputation, trust and supplier commitment: the case of shipping company/seaport relations. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 16(6), 424–438. https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000006018
[5]. Day, G. S., &Wensley, R. (1988). Assessing Advantage: A Framework for Diagnosing Competitive Superiority. Journal of Marketing, 52(2), 1. https://doi.org/10.2307/1251261..

Abstract: This research investigated stress management and coping mechanisms employed by members of the academic staff at Catholic University in Zimbabwe. The study employed a descriptive survey research design. In all, 50 academic members were sampled through the use of convenient sampling technique. Questionnaires and structured interviews were used to solicit for the requisite data for the study. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse data as extracted from the responses and to compare relationships among variables. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), post hoc multiple comparison analyses and Pearson correlations were computed in an attempt to understand.......

Keywords: stress, coping mechanisms, academic staff , stress management

[1]. Abraham, N.M (2006) Contemporary Administrative & Teaching Issues in Nigeria Schools, Research and Social Practices in Social Sciences. 45-46
[2]. Agolla, J.E. (2009). Occupational Stress among Police Officers. The case of Botswana Police service, Res. J. Business. Management. 2 (1): 25-35
[3]. Ahmed, A. and Ramzan M. (2013) Effects of Job Stress on Employees Job Performance. A Study on Banking Sector of Pakistan Journal of Business and Management Volume 11, Issue 6.28
[4]. Barkuzien, N. S. & Rothmans, S. (2008). Occupational stress of Academic in South African Higher Education Institute. Work well: Research unit for people, policy and performance. Northwest University, Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa.
[5]. Barhem, B. (2004). A new model for work stress patterns. Asian Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 9, No. 1, 53–77. P53

Abstract: The problem of child labour is not a concomitant feature of modern society only. In fact, the problem has been there since the very dawn of human civilization. The reasons responsible for this phenomenon are varied and have been changing as the years rolled on. Avenues of child labour over the years have broadened. As a matter of fact, the problem is vexed and wide spread and is not a characteristic of any particular type of economy. Any work, whether manual or mental, which is undertaken by a child, who is below 14 years of age, for monetary consideration, is called child labour. According to Francis Blanchard (former director of ILO) "Child labour includes children prematurely leading adult lives, working long hours for low wages under conditions damaging to their health and to their physical and mental development, sometimes separated from their families, frequently...........

[1]. Arora RC (1989). In the land of Kashmir, Ladakh and Gilgit, Srinagar, Gulshan Publishers.
[2]. Child Labour Research in Kashmir Valley, 2001, Adphail Golab- Unbloomed Roses, Save the Children, U.K.
[3]. Dabla BA (2006). Life Conditions of Child Labourers in the Handicraft Sector in Kashmir, report prepared for ICSSR, New Delhi.
[4]. Dewan P (2004). Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh- Kashmir, New Delhi, Manas publications,
[5]. Dewan P (2004). Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh- Ladakh, New Delhi, Manas publications...

Abstract: Firm value is an investor's perception on the level of success of a company which often associated with market prices. Increasing share prices shows an increase in shareholder prosperity. This study aims to examine the direct and indirect effects of managerial ownership on earnings predictability and firm value. The population was all manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2011-2016. Data were analyzed using the SEM-PLS model. Managerial ownership has a significant effect on earnings predictability as a measure of earnings quality. Earnings predictability has a significant effect on firm value. Managerial ownership has a significant effect on firm value, both directly and indirectly through earnings predictability...

Keywords: Managerial ownership, Eearnings predictability, Firm value

[1] . Abbadi, S., Hijazi, Q., & Al-Rahahleh, A. (2016). Corporate Governance Quality and Earnings Management: Evidence from Jordan. Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal, 10(2), 54–75.
[2] . Aldamen, H., & Duncan, K. (2016). Does Kepemilikan manajerial Enhance Accruals Quality During Financial Crises ? Managerial Auditing Journal, 31(4/5), 434–457.

[3] . Alves, S. (2012). Ownership Structure and Earnings Management Evidence from Portugal. Australian Accounting Business and Finance Journal, 6(1), 57–74.
[4] . Ang, J. S., Cole, R. & Lin, J. A. W. (2000). Agency Costs and Ownership Structure. Journal of Finance, 55(1), 81–106.
[5] . Ararat, M., Black, B. S., & Yurtoglu, B. B. (2017). The Effect of Corporate Governance on Firm Value and Profitability: Time-Series Evidence from Turkey. Emerging Markets Review, 30, 113–132.

Abstract: Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are the backbone of a nation's economy and constitute bulk of the industrial base, contributing significantly to the exports and GDP.SME segment is a key engine of growth, employment, wealth distribution and effective mobilization of resources in India. Statistically, MSME segment contributes to approx.45% of the manufactured output, 40% of exports, and is among the largest generator of employment in the Indian economy. Indian MSMEs operate in sectors ranging from traditional to the most modern industries. MSMEs in new economy sectors like IT, retailing, education, entertainment, media and the like represent the new and modern face of India.The sector comprises of 633.88 lakh units as per National Sample Survey 73rd.........

Keywords: Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), National Stock Exchange (NSE,BSE SME Exchange, NSE Emerge, Initial Public Offerings (IPOs), Manufacturing Enterprises, Service Enterprises,

[1]. https://msme.gov.in
[2]. https://www.prsindia.org/billtrack/micro-small-and-medium-enterprises-development-amendment-bill-2018
[3]. http://www.smelisting.net
[4]. https://www.bsesme.com
[5]. Annual Report, 2017-18 of Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises

Abstract: Public awareness of the impact of the company on its social conditions and the environment is increasingly important, so it begins to pressure the company to disclose its corporate social responsibility (CSR). Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a commitment of the company to build a better quality of life with related stakeholders, especially those around where the company is located. This study aims to look at the role of PT Astra Auto 2000 Branch of Amplas corporate social responsibility (CSR) on the development of small and medium enterprises in Medan. The type of data used is primary data. Data collection techniques using questionnaires, and data analysis techniques used are simple linear regression. Based on the results of the study, it was found that 70.6% of corporate.........

Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Small and Medium Enterprises

[1]. Budimanta, Arif Prasetijo, dan Bambang Rudito. 2004. Corporate Social Responsibility Alternatif Bagi Pembangunan Indonesia. ICSD. Diakses pada tanggal 12 Februari 2014.

[2]. Dayanti, Pinastika. 2011. http://www.dayantipinastika.blogspot.com. Diakses 20 Januari 2014.

[3]. Effendi, Arief Muh. 2006. http://www.kemitraan.or.id/newsroom/Medianews/implementasi-good-corporate social responsibility. Diakses 21 Februari 2014.

[4]. Notasimediaerni, 2012. Social Responsibility of The Businessmen. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.

[5]. Nursahid. 2006. Research Methods For Business Edisi 4 Buku 1. Jakarta: Salemba Empat..

Abstract: The study sought to establish the relationship between trade union campaigns organizational performancein the health sector in Kiambu County. The study was guided by objectives; to determine the relationship between collective bargaining agreement negotiation, work stoppage and dispute resolution on organizational performance. A descriptive research design was used to investigate variables. The study targeted employees who work at casualties and emergency department, nursing care, and clinical and diagnostic department. Stratified random sampling method was used to select a sample of 99 employees. Correlation and regression analysis was used to establish the relationship between the independent and dependence variables. The results indicated that respondents.........

Keywords: trade unions, organizational performance, work stoppage, collective bargaining agreement negotiation, dispute resolution

[1]. Amah, E., &Ahiauzu, A. (2013). Employee involvement and organizational effectiveness. Journal of Management Development, 32(7), 661-674.
[2]. Anyango, C., Obange, N., Abeka, E., Abeka, G. O., Odera, O., &Ayugi, M. E. (2013).Factors Affecting Performance of Trade Unions in Kenya. American Journal of Business and Management, 2(2), 181- 185.
[3]. Armstrong, M. (2010). Armstrong's Handbook of Reward Management Practice: Improving Performance through Reward (3rded). New Delhi, India Kogan Page Publishers
[4]. Armstrong, M., & Taylor, S. (2014). A Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice (13th ed). London Kogan Page Limited. [5]. Bureau of labour statistics (2019) Work Stoppages Summary retrieved from www.bls.gov/web/wkstp.supp.toc.htm on 15th February 2019.

Abstract: Man power quality improvement is one of the most essensial prerequirment for the success of the national development. The improvement is imposible to be achieved without giving them live security. On the other hand, the live security can not be achieved without giving them accupation, thos, working, means getting reward to fufil their needs. Man power is the company's asset that must be protected and improved their ability. Power owns by each employees for increasing the productivity, besides the harmony of relationship between the employees and the employer must be developed because these two aspects are unseparable power. The realization of the religional minimum wage............

Keywords: Regional Minimum Wage, Employees, Wage Raising

[1]. Simanjuntak,Payaman J, Pengantar Ekonomi Sumber Daya Manusia LPFE UI, Jakarta, 1989.
[2]. Majalah Tenaga Kerja, April 2001.
[3]. Squire,Lyn, Kebijaksanaan Kesempatan Kerja, Penerbit Brajaguna UI Press, 1992.
[4]. Kartasapoetra,G, Hukum Perburuhan di Indonesia Berlandaskan Pancasila, Bina Aksara, Jakarta, 1988.
[5]. Supomo,Imam, Pengantar Hukum Perburuhan, Djambatan, Jakarta, 1987.
[6]. Sunindhia dan Ninik Widiyanti, MAsalah PHK dan Pemogokan, Bina Aksara, Jakarta, 1987.

Abstract: Increased income is one measure of progress by the overall development activities in an area, even though economic development is basically expected to be able to describe changes in all conditions contained in society. This study analyzes the income of retail traders in several general public daily in the municipality of Medan. The results showed that the income of general daily traders averaged (Rp744,791/month) greater than the income of non-business traders in general daily traders (Rp1,004,833/month). From the results of the F-count test and the determination coefficient.......

Keywords: Capital, Sales, Business Experience, Public Daily

[1]. Bachtiar, Ally dkk. 1986. Persuratkabaran Indonesia dalam Era Reformasi, (Perkembangan, Permasalahan, dan Perspektif), kumpulan tulisan menyambut 25 tahun harian umum Sinar Harapan. Jakarta: Sinar Harapan, Anggota IKKAPI, CV. Muliasari.
[2]. Biro Pusat Statistik. 2000. Sumatera Utara Dalam Angka.
[3]. Emil Salim. 1989. Perencanaan Pembangunan dan Pemerataan Pendapatan. Jakarta.
[4]. Jusuf, Irianto. Industri Kecil dalam Perspektif Pembinaan dan Pengembangan. Surabaya: Airlangga Univercity Press.
[5]. Karsyono, Faisal. 1988. Perubahan Ekonomi Indonesia Menuju Struktur Struktur Ekonomi Berimbang. Prosiding Patanas Penerbit Pusat Penelitian GRO Ekonomi, Barang Litbg Pertanian, Departemen Petanian, Bogor.