IOSR-JBM   Volume-24 ~ Issue-1 ~ January 2022

Abstract: Background: "Grameen Danone Foods" (GDF) is a genius "social business enterprise" conceived by Muhammad Yunus, founder and managing director of Grameen Bank in Bangladesh. It is jointly owned and operated by Groupe Danone, a France-based world corporate giant in dairy products in partnership with subsidiaries of Grameen's companies, a group of pro-poor firms founded by Yunus that are dedicated to eradicating poverty and other social ills in Bangladesh. Methods: This is a case analysis of the author's decade-long research, interviews and corporate data from the launch of GDF beginning in 2006. Over time, the business partnership has evolved and is currently operating in various Bangladesh districts. The joint venture's primary aim is to optimize social good rather than maximize profits. Its mission is to fight poverty and malnourishment by bringing daily health nutrition primarily to hungry Bangladeshi children through its fortified, nutrient-rich yogurt.......

Key Works: Social Business, Capitalism, Grameen Bank, Danone, Poverty, GDF, B Corporation

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[3]. Ghalib, Asad Kamran and Hossain, Farhad. (2008). "Social Business Enterprises – Maximizing Social Benefits or Maximizing Profits? The Case of Grameen-Danone Foods Limited." Institute for Development Policy and Management, School of Environment and Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; BWPI Working Paper 51, July 2008. Retrieved December 6, 2019, from http://www.bwpi.manchester.ac.uk/resources/Working-Papers/bwpi-wp-5108.pdf.
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[5]. Grameen Trust. (2006). "Zidane Inaugurates first Grameen Danone Dairy Plant." Grameen Dialogue, Grameen Trust, Bangladesh; November; Issue 64. Retrieved June 16, 2020, from http://www.grameen-info.org/dialogue/dialogue64/specialfeature3.html

Abstract: This study aims to examine the effect of general allocation funds on capital expenditures, examine the effect of budget ratcheting on the relationship between general allocation funds and capital expenditures, examine the effect of capital expenditures on economic growth, and examine the effect of economic growth on public welfare. This study uses districts/cities in East Nusa Tenggara Province for the 2015-2019 period. The data analysis technique used purposive sampling method. The results showed that the general allocation funds had a positive effect on capital expenditures. The results of the moderating effect research show that budget ratcheting strengthens the relationship between general allocation funds and capital expenditures. while the results of this study indicate that capital expenditure does not significantly affect economic growth, and the results of this study also show that economic growth does not significantly affect the public welfare.

Key Word: general allocation fund, capital expenditure, budget ratcheting, economic growth, public welfare.

[2]. Abdullah, S., & Junita, A. (2016). Bukti Empiris Tentang Pengaruh Budget Ratcheting Terhadap Hubungan Antara Pendapatan Sendiri Dan Belanja Daerah Pada Kabupaten/Kota Di Aceh. Modus, 28(2), 185. https://doi.org/10.24002/modus.v28i2.850
[3]. Anessi-Pessina, E., Sicilia, M., & Steccolini, I. (2012). Budgeting and Rebudgeting in Local Governments: Siamese twins? Public Administration Review, 72(6), 875–884. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2012.02590.x
[4]. Annisa, & Fitria. (2020). Budget ratcheting. 2(3), 2992–3011.
[5]. Aranda, C., Arellano, J., & Davila, A. (2014). Ratcheting and the role of relative target setting. Accounting Review, 89(4), 1197–1226. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-50733
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Abstract: This study aimed at investigating the moderating effect of goal clarity on the relationship between management functions (planning, organizing, leading & controlling) and construction project success in Abu Dhabi. This study used a descriptive-analytical and inferential statistics. The study sample consisted of 97 project managers from 26 authorized large-construction companies in Abu-Dhabi. The instrument used was a structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression. The results showed significant positive relationships between four functions of project management and project success.....

Keys words: Management Functions, Goal Clarity, Project Managers, Construction Companies, Project Success.

[1]. Aga, D. A. (2016). Transactional Leadership and Project Success: The Moderating Role of Goal Clarity. Procedia Computer Science, 100, 517-525. doi:10.1016/j.procs.2016.09.190
[2]. AL Mousli, M., & El-Sayegh, S. (2016). Assessment of the design–construction interface problems in the UAE. Architectural Engineering and Design Management, 12(5), 353-366. doi: 10.1080/17452007.2016.1187111 [3]. Altarawneh, J. Y. (2020). Investigating the influence of human success factors on success criteria and the moderating effect of project characteristics on this relationship in the UAE construction industry. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24(3), 2310-2326. https://doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i3/pr200979
[4]. Baban, H., Seneviratne, K., & Nielsen, Y. (2020). Exploring the Potentials of Smart and Sustainable Project Controls Within the Construction Industry: Drivers and Challenges. Journal of Strategic Innovation and Sustainability, 15(3). doi: 10.33423/jsis.v15i3.2948
[5]. Dosumu, O. S., & Aigbavboa, C. (2018). Assessment project management (PM) roles responsible for abandonment of construction projects. Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management Bandung, Indonesia.

Abstract: This article wants to appraise the impact of the computerization of the customs in the maximisation public receipts comparing realized receipts before the computerization to those realized after. The General Management of Custom-houses and visitorial Excises of Butembo has been chosen as ground. In analyses, the obtained result has shown that the computerization of customs has improved customs receipts considering that achieved receipts by the DGDA, agencies of Butembo have been multiplyed by more 50 after computerizations what has contributed to the maximisation of public collector's offices. So, this rise can most certainly to explain oneself by the increment of transactions and light cart by a good system of hall-marked, but therefore by minimisation of the customs fraud.......

Key Words: Computerization, Customs receipt, importation, exportation and local production.

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Abstract: This paper pursues the ambition to assess the United Nations interventions in the Democratic Republic of Congo DRC. These are actions with regard to the objective it sets for itself, that of intervening as the main actor in maintaining and restoring peace in the world and particularly in DRC through the mechanisms for maintaining peace and national reconciliation. Indeed, the observation is that this intervention mission in the Congo has evolved from the observation mandate to that of the imposition of peace via the theoretical maintenance authorized to "use force for the protection of the threatened civilian populations", with this that this leads to consequences and interpretations in the chief of policies and populations. In addition to its apparent success, the result over the years has been very mixed. MONUSCO has remained nonchalant, without concern for the protection of the despicably massacred civilians, since 2014 in the Beni region........

Keywords: MONUSCO, UN, inaction, peacekeeping, security, massacres, ADF, DRC

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