iosr-JDMS   Volume-13 ~ Issue-1 ~ January-2014

Abstract: The present study was conducted to assess whether imprint cytology can help in rapid diagnosis of ovarian neoplasm and thus facilitate individualized treatment. Aims of our study were to establish the validity and reliability of Imprint cytology in intraoperative diagnosis of ovarian tumour and to compare the significance of cytological diagnosis with histopathological report. Ours is an Institution base prospective study designed on 50 cases of clinically and radiologically diagnosed ovarian tumour at the Dept of pathology IPGME&R, Kolkata which is a tertiary care referral hospital. Imprint smears were made intraoperatively from fresh samples and stained with M.G.G. stain for air dried smears and Papanicolaou stain for alcohol fixed smears. Stained smear was examined under light microscope and cytological findings were noted. Tissue for histopathological study was obtained in the form of post operative material.

[1] Ellenson LH, Pirog EC, The female genital tract. In:Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N, Aster JC. Robbins and Cotran Pathological Basis of Disease 8th ed. Pennsylvania: Elsevier Inc; 2010: p. 1040.
[2] M. Krishnan Nair, Cherian Verghese, R. Swaminathan. Cancer: Current scenario, intervention strategies and projections for 2015.
[3] Bonfiglio TA, Yener S E. Gynaecologic Cytology Philadelphia, Lippincott- Raven. 1997:157-64.
[4] Dey Soumit. Role of Intraoperative Imprint cytology in diagnosis of suspected ovarian neoplasms, Asian Pacific J. of Cancer Prev. 2010;11:1389-91.
[5] Hajdu SI, Melamed MR. Limitations in aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of primary neoplasms, Acta Cytol, 1984; 28:337-45.
[6] Uguz A, Ersoz C, Bolat F. Fine needle aspiration cytology of ovarian lesions, Acta Cytol, 2005; 49:144-8.
[7] Kar Tushar, Kar A, Mohapatra PC. Intraoperative cytology of ovarian tumours, J Obstetrics and Gynaecol India, 2005;55, 4:345-9.
[8] Michael CW, Lawrence WD, Bedrossian CW. Intraoperative consultation in ovarian lesions: a comparison between cytology and frozen section, Diagn Cytopathol, 1996;15: 387-94.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Brachial Plexus Block, a Comparison of Nerve Locator versus Paresthesia Technique
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr Nithin Sathyan, Dr Harish Hegde, Dr Sampathila Padmanabha, Dr Anish K A
	:	10.9790/0853-131100610

Abstract: Brachial plexus block using local anaesthetics is used widely for upper limb surgery. Proper identification of the nerve bundle is very important to inject local anaesthetic. Methods like paresthesia technique, nerve locator technique and ultrasound is used to identify the nerve bundle. The oldest is the parestheia technique and it causes few complications like inadequate block, failed block, in-advertent puncture of the blood vessels and temporary damage of the nerve. Nerve locator is a simple instrument available to locate the nerve bundle. The present study is aimed at comparing the brachial plexus block using paresthesia technique versus nerve locator technique.

[1]. Atkinson RS, Rushwan GB, Lee AJ. Regional technique.10th ed. Chapter 31. Synopsis of Anaesthesia; 1987. pp. 593-4.
[2]. Raj PP. Historical aspects of regional anaesthesia. 1st ed. Chapter 1. In: Text Book of Regional Anaesthesia; 2002 May. p. 3
[3]. Brown DL, Birdenbaugh DL, Cousins MJ, Bridenburgh PO. The upper extremity. 3rd ed. Chapter 10. In: Neural blockade; 1998. pp. 345-6.
[4]. Winnie AP. Historical consideration.Chapters 2 and 4.Plexus Anaesthesia. New York: Churchill Livingstone 1984;1:43-116,192-202.
[5]. Liguori GA, Zayas VM, YaDeau JT. Nerve localisation techniques for interscalene brachial plexus blockade: a prospective, randomised comparison of mechanical paresthesia versus electrical stimulation.
[6]. Chapman GM. Regional nerve block with the aid of a nerve stimulator. Anesthesia 1972;27:185-93
[7]. Yasuda I, Hirano T, Ojima T. Supraclavicular brachial plexus block using a nerve stimulator and an insulated needle. Br J Anaes 1980 Apr;52(4):409-11.
[8]. Franco CD, Vieira ZE. 1001 subclavian perivascular brachial plexus blocks: success with a nerve stimulator. RegAnesth Pain Med 2000 Jan-Feb;25(1):41-6.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Thyroid Dysfunction In Pregnancy And Its Maternal Outcome
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr.Thanuja.P.M, Dr. Rajgopal.K , Dr.Sadiqunnisa
	:	10.9790/0853-131101115

Abstract: Thyroid disorders are among the common endocrine problems in pregnant women. Thyroid dysfunction may be overlooked in pregnancy because of the nonspecific symptoms and hypermetabolic state of normal pregnancy. Thyroid dysfunction has varied impact on pregnancy outcome. The risk of miscarriage is increased in autoimmune thyroid disease. Severe maternal hypothyroidism can result in irreversible neurological deficit in the offspring. Graves' disease can lead to pregnancy loss as well as fetal thyroid dysfunction.Measurement of serum TSH is the most practical, simple and economic screening test for thyroid dysfunction.

[1]. Sahu MT et al. Overt and subclinical thyroid dysfunction among Indian pregnant women and its effect on maternal and fetal outcome. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics. 2010;281(2):215-220.
[2]. Vaidya B, Antony S. Bilousm et al. Detection of Thyroid dysfunction in early pregnancy. Universal screening or high risk targeted case finding ? J Clin Endocronol. Metab 2007; 92(1): 203-207.
[3]. Tuija Mannisto , Marja Vaarasmaki et al. Thyroid dysfunction and maternal morbidity.J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2010;95(3):1084-1094
[4]. Stagnaro GA et al. Overt Hyperthyroidism and Hypothyroidism during pregnancy. Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2011; 54(3):478-82.
[5]. Leung AS, Millar L.K, Kooning PP, Montorom, Mestman J. Perinatal outcomes in hypothyroid pregnancies Obstet Gynecol 1993;81(3):349-353.
[6]. Robert Negro, Alan Schwartz et al. Detection and treatment of thyroid in pregnancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2010;95(4):1699-1707.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Clinicopathological study of endometrium in peri and postmenopausal women in a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Himel Bera, Subhalakshmi Mukhopadhyay, Tanushree Mondal, Koushik Dewan, Arnab Mondal, Swapan Kr. Sinha
	:	10.9790/0853-131101623

Abstract: Uterus weighs 50gms and measures about about 8.0cm. x 6.0cm. x 3.0cm in normal nulliparous reproductive women and varies with age and parity. Uterine cavity is lined by a specialized form of tissue endometrium which has extra-ordinary sensitivity to the ovarian secretion in conjunction with its overwhelming capacity to regenerate after the menstruation. The deeper layer of endometrium i.e. stratum basale (deeper 1/3rd) is not shed during menstruation.

[1]. Current Diagnosis and Treatment in Gynaecology and Obstretics. Alan H. DeCherney, Lauren Nathan. 8TH Ed. 2003;Page -135-6.
[2]. Jabbour HN. Endocrine regulation of menstruation. Endocr Rev 2006;27:17.
[3]. Treloar AE, Boynton RE, Borghild GB et al. Variation of the human menstrual cycle through reproductive life. Int J Fertil 1967;12:77–126.
[4]. Collett ME, Wertenberger GE, Fiske VM. The effects of age upon the pattern of the menstrual cycle. Fertil Steril 1954;5:437–48.
[5]. Berek & Novak's Gynaecology. Jonathon S Berek. 14th Edition;Page–1324

[6]. Jillani K, Khero RB, Maqsood S, Siddiqui MA. Prevalence of malignant disorders in 50 cases of postmenopausal bleeding. J Pak Med Assoc. 2010;60:540-3.
[7]. Gredmark T, Kvint S, Havel G et al. Histopathological findings in women with postmenopausal bleeding. BJOG 1995;102:133–6. [8]. Dawood NS, Peter K, Ibrar F, Dawood A. Postmenopausal bleeding: causes and risk of genital tract malignancy. J Ayub Med Coll 2010;22:117-20.

[9]. Lee WH, Tan KH, Lee YW. The aetiology of postmenopausal bleeding-a study of 163 consecutive cases in Singapore. Singapore Med J 1995;36:164-8.

[10]. Mukhopadhayay S, Bhattacharyya SK, Ganguly RP, Patra KK, Bhattacharya N, Barman SC. Comparative evaluation of perimenopausal abnormal uterine bleeding by transvaginal sonography, hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy. J Indian Med Assoc 2007;105:624-8.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Utility Of Gingival Crevicular Blood For Assessment Of Blood Glucose In Individuals With Diabetes Mellitus And Evidence Of Periodontitis
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Mohammed Feroz.T.P, Dr. Shashikanth Hegde, Dr. Rajesh Kashyap.S
	:	10.9790/0853-131102427

Abstract: Background: Diabetes mellitus is a common finding in the medical history of patients receiving treatment for periodontal disease. Bleeding from the gingival tissues is considered to be more in poorly controlled diabetics than in good or moderately controlled diabetics. Periodontal inflammation with or without the complicating factor of diabetes mellitus is known to produce ample extravasated blood during the diagnostic procedures. Routine probing during a periodontal examination is more familiar to the practitioner and less traumatic than a finger puncture with a sharp lancet.

[1] Robert.C.Parker, john W.Rapley, William Isley, Paulette Spencer and William J.Killoy. Gingival crevicular blood for assessment of blood glucose in diabetic patients. J.Periodontol 64; 1993; 666-672.
[2] T.Beikler, A.Kuczek, G.Petersilka and T.F.Flemmig. In-dental office screening for diabetes mellitus using gingival crevicular blood. J Clin Periodontol; 29; 2002:216-218.
[3] Tellervo Ervast, Matti Knuuttila, Leena Pohjamo, kyosti Haukipuru. Relation between control of diabetes and gingival bleeding. J Periodontol; 56: 1985; 154-157.
[4]. Harikrishnan G, Srinath Takur. Assessment of glucose in gingival crevicular blood. Is it a reliable indicator? Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology 1996; 20:3,76-77.
[5] Katz J. Elevated blood glucose levels in patients with severe periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol; 28:2001; 710-712.
[6] Muller HP, Behbehani E. Screening of elevated glucose levels in gingival crevice blood using a novel, sensitive self-monitoring device. Med Princ Pract ; 13(6 )2004:361-5
[7] G.M.Stein, A.A.Nebbia, Greensberg and Teaneck. A chair side method of diabetic screening with gingival blood. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 27: 1969; 606-612.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The pattern of maxillofacial fractures in central India A Unicentric retrospective study
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Rajanikanth K, .Dr.R..M.Borle, Dr.Nitin Bhola,Dr.Shivam
	:	10.9790/0853-131102831

Abstract: Aim of the present retrospective analysis of data was to analyze the incidence and pattern of maxillofacial fractures based on the age and sex distribution, aetiology, site, distribution. Study was conducted in the department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Aacharya Vinoba Bhave Rular hospital Sawangi (Meghe) Wardha Nagpur. Retrospective data retrieved of all the patient reporting to our hospital between January 2008 to December 2012 was carried out. Total 1182 patient with 1590 fractures were treated out of which isolated mandibular fracture were most frequent 898 in 746 patients, mid face fractures 693 in 436 patients and both mandible and mid face fractures were 624 in 452 patients. Among zygomatic bone, maxillary fractures nasal bone and zygomatic arch fractures were most common.

[1.] Chandra Shekar BR, Reddy C. A five-year retrospective statistical analysis of maxillofacial injuries in patients admitted and treated at two hospitals of Mysore city. Indian J Dent Res. 2008 Oct;19(4):304–8.
[2.] Fonseca RL, Walker R, Betts NJ. Oral and maxillofacial trauma, 2nd ed. Philadeiphia: WB Saunders, 1997
[3.] A comprehensive study on maxillofacial trauma conducted in Yamunanagar, India
[4.] Rishi Bali, a ,* Parveen Sharma, a Amandeep Garg, a and Guneet Dhillon a
[5.] Mohan D. Transportation Research and Injury Prevention Programe (TRIPP). Bulletin. 2006;3(3):1–2.
[6.] Oji C. Jaw fractures in Enugu, Nigeria, 1985-95. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1999 Apr;37(2):106–9.
[7.] Rowe et al 1994; Simpson and mclean 1995
[8.] Bataineh AB. Etiology and incidence of maxillofacial fractures in the north of Jordan. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1998 Jul;86(1):31–5.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A Comparative Study Of Butorphanol As An Adjunct To Bupivacaine In Comparison To Bupivacaine Alone.
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Prof.Dr.Subrata Nag, Dr.Ritesh kumar, Dr.Shakir najfi, Dr.Mahima Lakhanpal
	:	10.9790/0853-131103236

Abstract: Neuraxial opioids are widely used in conjunction with local anaesthetics (LA) as they permit the use of lower dose of LA while providing adequate anaesthesia and analgesia. Neuraxial opioids also allow prolonged analgesia in the postoperative period and faster recovery from spinal anaesthesia. Antinociceptive synergism between LA and intrathecal opioids has been demonstrated in various animal studies.

[1] 1.A comparative evaluation of intrathecal bupivacaine alone, sufentanil or butorphanol in combination with bupivacaine for endoscopic urological surgery
[2] Manpreet Kaur, Sunil Katyal,1 Suneet Kathuria,1 and Prabhjot Singh
[3] Saudi J Anaesth. 2011 Apr-Jun; 5(2): 202–207
[4] 2.Comparison of intrathecal bupivacaine-fentanyl and bupivacaine-butorphanol mixtures for lower limb orthopedic procedures Binay Kumar, Aparna Williams, Dootika Liddle, Mary Verghese Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
[5] 3.Side effects of intrathecal and epidural opioids
[6] Mark A. Chaney ,Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia ,October 1995, Volume 42, Issue 10, pp 891-903
[7] 4.Butorphanol: Effects of a Prototypical Agonist-Antagonist Analgesic on κ-Opioid Receptor,Stephen Commiskey1), Lir-Wan Fan, Ing K. Ho, Rob W. Rockhold
[8] 5.Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center Released 2005/06/18 [Advance Publication] Released 2005/06/08

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Clinical and Bacteriological Study of Acute Tonsillitis
Country	:	India
Authors	:	M.S.Vijayashree, , B.Viswanatha, B.N.Sambamurthy
	:	10.9790/0853-131103743

Abstract: Tonsillitis is inflammation of tonsils, a common clinical condition often encountered in E.N.T. practice. The management of this condition is often empirical with the choice of antibiotics not based on any culture reports. The increasing incidence of resistance in many organisms is due to β-lactamase production and resistance transfer factors that leads to unsuccessful medical therapy which results in recurrent or chronic forms of tonsillitis.

[1] Middleton DB, D'Amico F, Merenstein JH. Standardized symptomatic treatment vs penicillin as initial therapy Streptococcal pharyngitis. J. Pediatrics 1988; 113(6): 1089-1094.
[2] Evans AS, Dick EC. Acute pharyngitis and tonsillitis in University of Wisconsin students. JAMA 1964; 190 (8): 699-708.
[3] Veltry, RW, Sprinkle, PM, Mc Clugg JE. Epstein- Barr Virus associated with episodes of recurrent tonsillitis. Arch. Otolaryngol 1975; 101(9): 552-556.
[4] Surrow, JB, Handler SD, Telian SA, Fleisher GR, Baranak CC. Bacteriology of tonsil surface and core in children. Laryngoscope 1989; 99: 261-266.
[5] Brook I, Yocum P, Friedman EM. Aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in tonsils of children with recurrent tonsillitis. Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol 1981; 90: 261-263.
[6] Krober MS, Bass JW, Michels GN. Streptococcal paryngitis- placebo controlled double blind evaluation of clinical response to penicillin therapy. JAMA.1985; 253(9): 1271-1274.
[7] Stafford N,VonHaacke N, Sene A, Croft C. 1986: The treatment of recurrent tonsillitis in adults. J. Laryngol. Otol 1986; 100 (2): 175-177.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Short-term results of Proximal humeral locking plate fixation in displaced proximal humerus fractures.
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Mohd Yaseen Rather, Mohd Shafi Bhat , Mohd Rafiq Bhat, Riyaz Ahmad Dar, Mubashir Beigh, Mohd Ramzan Mir
	:	10.9790/0853-131104447

Abstract: A case series of 25 cases ( 21 male and 4 female ) of displaced proximal humerus fractures operated at Hospital for Bone and Joint Surgery Barzulla Srinagar Kashmir (India) using the proximal humeral locking plate. The study was conducted from Nov 2010 to Oct 2012.The average age of patients was 45.5 years (range 24-92). Neer's classification was used for classifying the fractures .There were 4 patients with 4-part fracture, 12 with 3-part fracture and 9 patients with 2-part fractures. All the cases were operated within 3 weeks of the injury. The mean follow-up time was 13.4 months. Average time to union was 15.6 weeks. Final assessment was done using Constant Murley Shoulder Score .Excellent or good results were obtained in 20, fair results in 2 and poor results in 2 patients. Keywords: Proximal humeral fractures, locking plate fixation, internal fixation.

[1.] Court-Brown CM, Garg A, McQueen MM. The epidemiology of proximal humeral fractures. Acta Orthop Scand 2001;72(4):365-371.
[2.] Chu SP, Kelsey JL, Keegan TH, Sternfeld B et al: Risk factors for proximal humeral fracture.Am J epidemiol 2004 ;160(4):360-367.
[3.] Park MC, Murthi AM, Roth NS, Blaine TA, Levine WN, Biglaini LU. Two-part and three-part fractures of proximal humerus treated with suture fixation. J Orthop Trauma.2003;17(5):319-325.
[4.] Rajasekhar C, Ray PS, Bhamra MS. Fixation of proximal humeral fractures with the Polarus nail. J Shoulder Elbow Surg.2001;10(1):7-10.
[5.] Robinson CM, Page RS, Hill RM,s anders DL, Court-Brown CM, Waverfield AE. Primary hemiarthroplasty for treatment of proximal humeral fractures. J Bone Joint Surg.2003;85A:1215-1223.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Lower Sample Volumes Collected Into Spray-Dried K2EDTA Vacuitaner Bottles Are Suitable For Automated Complete Blood Count Analysis Including Differential Leukocyte Count
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Fasakin KA, Omisakin CT, Esan AJ , Ajayi OD
	:	10.9790/0853-131104853

Abstract: Collection of lower sample volumes into dipotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (K2EDTA) containers, according to the manufacturers' data and current Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, results in erroneous haematology results. To proof this we collected acceptable limit of lower sample volumes for haematology analyses into the 4.0ml standard spray-dried K2EDTA. 9.0ml of blood from 15 retroviral volunteers was collected and each donation was aliquot into the following volumes 4.0, 2.0, 1.5, 1.0, 0.5ml. These samples were analyzed within 4hrs of collection on Sysmex KX-21N haematology analyzer for complete blood count (CBC) including leukocytes differentials. T-test showed there was no significant difference between results of lower samples volumes and the standard volume and regression analysis showed excellent correlation for all parameters. Lower sample collection volumes compared to the standard volume showed negative bias for platelet count but the difference was considered insignificant with percentage differences of 4.6%, 3.0%, 2.9%, and 1.7% for 1.0, 1.5, 0.5, and 2.0ml collection volumes respectively. Flag messages were noticed in about 67.0% of the patients irrespective of collection volumes. Acceptable CBC values for spray-dried K2EDTA collection tubes containing lower sample volumes can be obtained with as little as 1.0ml in Nigerian subjects.

Key words: CBC, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, Macrocytes, Neutropenia, Relative lymphocytosis

[1] Anne Stiene Raymond L.O (1998). Specimen collection for haematology: principles, procedures and correlations, 2nd Eds, pp 9-10, 1998.
[2] Clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI). (2004). Procedures for the handling and processing of blood specimens. Approved guideline- Third edition.H18-A3, 24 (21).
[3] Clinical and laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI, 2003). Tubes and additives for venous blood specimen collection. Approval guideline-fifth edition. HI-A5, 16(13), 5.
[4] The International Council for Standardization in Haematology: Expert Panel for Cytometry. Recommendations of the International Council for Standardization in Haematology for ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid anticoagulant of blood for blood cell counting and sizing. Am J Clin Path. 1993; 100:371-372.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Broadrick Occlusal Plane Analyzer
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Sangeetha Chokalingam , Dr.Gururaj Rao
	:	10.9790/0853-131105458

Abstract: Full mouth rehabilitation cases require meticulous treatment planning. Such instrument that often is used to achieve an occlusal equilibrium for full mouth rehabilitation cases is the Broadrick Occlusal Plane Analyzer. Also known as BOPA, this is instrument has only been adapted to a few articular system which limits its use. The review paper highlights the parts, the preparation and the use of Broadrick Occlusal Plane Analyzer.

Keywords: BOPA, Broadrick Occlusal Plane Analyzer,Full Mouth Rehabilitation, Occlusal Plane, Articular System

[1] S.V. Bedia, S.P. Dange and A.N. Khalikar, Determination of the occlusal plane using a custom-made occlusal plane analyzer: A clinical report, Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 98(5), 2007,348-352.
[2] R.Gupta, Occlusal Plane Analyzer: A customized Device for Determining the Occlusal plane, International Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry, 1(2), 2011,97-100.
[3] S.Manvi, S.Miglani, C.L. Rajeswari, G. Srivatsa and S. Arora, Occlusal Plane Determination using Custom Made Broadrick Occlusal Plane Analyser: A case control study, International Scholarly Research Network Dentistry, 2012,373870
[4] S.Chaturvedi, A.K. Verma, M.Ali, M.Shah, Full Mouth Rehabilitation using a custom-made broadrick flag: A case report, International Journal of Case reports and images, 3(5), 2012, 41-44
[5] W.M Corporation, Restorative oral health(U.S.A, Whip-Mix Corporation-West,2008)

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Laser Management Of Introral Soft Tissue Lesions – A Review Of Literature
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Reshma J Abraham, Arathy S Lankupalli
	:	10.9790/0853-131105964

Abstract: In 1917, the theory of ''stimulated emission'' was put forward by Albert Einstein, stating that photons could ''stimulate'' the emission of another photon that would possess identical properties to the first. Townes and Schawlow worked on a study together that led to the development of LASER(Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation). The initial developments of laser research were started in the USA and Soviet Union in the year 1958. In the year 1960, Theodore Maiman built the first laser equipment with a ruby crystal stimulated by a flash lamp and mirrors to amplify the action of the laser. The beam had a wavelength of 694nm and was deep red in colour. In 1962, laser was used in dentistry for the first time by Goldman.Since 1962, lasers have been used for soft tissue surgery of oral cavity with significant advantages compared to other treatment modalities. The purpose of this paper is to review the different types of lasers, laser-tissue interaction and the management of various intraoral soft tissue lesions.

Keywords:-Carbon dioxide laser,laser, Nd:YAG laser,selective absorption, soft tissue

[1]. Golnabi, H., & Mahdieh, M. H. (2006). Trend of Laser Research Developments in Global Level. Optics & Laser Technology, 38(2), 122-131.
[2]. Deppe, H., & Horch, H. H. (2007). Laser Applications in Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry. Lasers in Medical Science, 22(4), 217-221.
[3]. Shokrollahi, K., Raymond, E., & Murison, MS. (2004). Lasers: Principles and Surgical Applications. Journal of Surgery, 2(1), 28-34.
[4]. Strauss, R. A. (2000). Lasers in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Dental Clinics of NorthAmerica, 44(4), 851-873.
[5]. Stabholz, A., Zeltser, R., Sela, M., Peretz, B., Moshonov, J., Ziskind, D., & Stabholz, A. (2003). The Use of Lasers in Dentistry: Principles of Operation and Clinical Applications.Compendium of Continuing Education in Dentistry, 24(12), 935-948.
[6]. Gabrić, Pandurić. D. (2010). Physical and Ultrastructural Bone Effect Comparison BetweenLaser and Surgical Drill. PhD thesis. University of Zagreb.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Menstrual cycle and its relation with Leukocyte count
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Sp. Rosemary, . Prof. M. Anita Devi,. Dr. I. Soniya
	:	10.9790/0853-131106567

Abstract: Menstrual cycle is the cyclical phenomenon characterized by periodic vaginal bleeding, influencing all the system of the body. The present study was taken up to study the variations in the leukocytes count during different phases of menstrual cycle in 1st professional MBBS students Regional Institute of Medical sciences. 35 healthy female medical students in the age group of 18-28yrs with regular cycles of 28±2days duration participated in the study. Students with irregular cycles, gynaecological disorders, history of prolonged drug intake and history of fever were excluded from the study.

[1] Rajnee, Vinod KC, Raghuveer C et al. Haematological and electrocardiographic variations during menstrual cycle. Pak J Physiol
2010;6:18-21.
[2] Declaration of Helsinki (1964), 1996. Amended by World Medical Assembly, Venice, Italy. Br Med J 1983; 313:1448-1449.
[3] Sadiqua B, Ashwini S. Study of immune profile during different phases of the menstrual cycle. Int J Biol Med R 2012;3:1407-1409.
[4] Mathur S, Mathur RS, Goust J et al. Cyclic variations in white cell subpopulations in the human menstrual cycle: correlations with
progesterone and estradiol. Clin Immun Immunopath. 1979;13:246–253.
[5] Tikare SN, Das KK, Sinha P et al. Blood leucocyte profile in different phases of menstrual cycle. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol
2008;52:201-204.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Body Composition in Diabetes Mellitus
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. I. Soniya, Dr. M. Anita Devi, Dr. Sp. Rosemary
	:	10.9790/0853-131106870

Abstract: To determine the body composition and its relationship with type 2diabetes. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study of 100 Type 2 diabetic patients in age group between 30 to 78 years attending diabetic clinic, RIMS, Imphal was conducted during October 2011 to September 2012. BMI and body composition were determined by using Omron body composition Analyser.

[1] Powers AC. Diabetes Mellitus. In: Fauci AS, Braunwald E, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Lango DL, Jameson JL, Loscalzo J, Editors. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicines, 17th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill: 2280-2282.
[2] Singh TP, Singh AD, Singh TP. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Manipur. Journal Diab Assoc India 1997;37:41-46.
[3] Shah SK, Saikia M, Barman N. High prevalence of type 2 diabetes in urban population in North Eastern India. Int J Diab Dev Countries 1998; 18:97-100.
[4] Chan J M, Rimm EB, Colditz GA, Stamfer MJ, Willett WC .Obesity, fat distribution and weight gain as a risk factor for clinical diabetes in men. Diabetes Care 1995;17(19):961-969.
[5] Hans TS, Feskens EJM, Lean MEJ, Seidell JC. Association of body composition with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Diabetic Med 1998;15:129-135.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Malocclusion and TMJ disease- A review of literature.
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Sangeetha Chokalingam, Dr.A.Sumathi Felicita
	:	10.9790/0853-131107173

Abstract: Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is defined as a collective term that enfolds a number of clinical problems that involves the masticatory muscles, the temporomandibular joint(TMJ) and the associated structures and forms a prevalent clinical entity afflicting the masticatory muscles. It is of multi-factorial in nature and often requires meticulous examination and treatment planning. The prevalence is higher in older people and ranges from 10% to 70% of the general population. This paper discusses about the malocclusion and temporomandibular disorder.

Keywords: Temporomandibular disorders, malocclusion, chronic pain, masticatory muscles, multifactorial

[1] K.Tanne, E.Tanaka, M.Sakuda, Association Between Malocclusion and Temporomandibular Disorders in Orthodontic Patients before treatment, Journal of Orofacial Pain, 7(2) 1993
[2] A.Michelotti, G.Iodice, The Role of orthodontics in temporomandibular disorders,Review Article, Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 2010 37; 411-429
[3] Poveda-Roda R, Bagan JV, Diaz-Fernandez JM, Hernandez-Bazan S, Jimenez-Soriano Y, Review of temporomandibular joint pathology. Part 1: Classification, Epidemiology and risk factors. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2007;12:E292-8
[4] M.Zhang, C.Mcgrath, U.Hagg, The impact of malocclusion and its treatment on quality of life: A literature review, International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2006; 16: 381-387

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Ultrasonographic Characterization of Jaw Swellings- A Systematic Review
Country	:	India
Authors	:	P.Sangeetha Sangeetha, G.Maragathavalli
	:	10.9790/0853-131107485

Abstract: Various disease processes may affect head and neck regions, which present clinically as swellings. The disease processes which lead to such types of swellings can be broadly classified as inflammatory, cystic, benign or malignant in nature. In evaluation of jaw swellings, detailed case history and clinical examination are the most important and mandatory steps.

[1]. R Chandak, SDegwekar, RR Bhowte, M Motwani, P Banode, M Chandak and S Rawlani- Department of Oral medicine and Radiology An evaluation of efficacy of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of head and neck swellings- journal of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology (2011)40, 213-221(2011 The British Institute of Radiology)
[2]. Shivanand B Bagewadi, Mahima VG, Karthikeya Patil. Ultrasonography of Swellings in Orofacial Region. JIAOMR 2010;22(1):18-26.
[3]. K.Srinivas, KN Sumanth, ss Chopra- Department of oral medicine and Radiology, Oxford Dental college and hospital, Bangalore, ultrasonographic evaluation of inflammatory swellings of buccal space-Indian journal of dental research,20(4), 2009
[4]. B.O Akinbami,* V.I Ugboko F.J. Owotade, A.E. Obiechina, V.O. Adetiloye and O.Ayoola-Department of oral and maxillofacial surgery and Radiology Applications of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of soft tissue swellings of the cervicofacial region-journal of WAJM vol, 25 No 2,2006.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Assessment Of Commercial Bottled Table And Sachet Water Commonly Consumed In Federal University Of Technology, Owerri (FUTO), Imo State, Nigeria Using Microbiological Indices.
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	H.C.C. Maduka, N.C. Chukwu, C.E. Ugwu, C.C. Dike, A.N.Okpogba, P.N. Ogueche, A.A. Maduka
	:	10.9790/0853-131108689

Abstract: This study investigated the safety and portability of some notable bottled and sachet table water sold and consumed in Federal University of Technology-Owerri (FUTO), Imo State, Nigeria using common bacterial contaminants as index of indicators of water quality. Seven different bottled water samples obtained from different manufacturers labeled A1to A7 and seven different sachet water samples also from different manufacturers labeled B1 to B7 were analyzed microbiologically and physically .Physical examinations of the samples showed they were colourless with no offensive odours .

[1] L.V.Adekunle, M.K.C.,Sridhar, A.A. Ajayi, P.A. Oluwude, and J.F.Olawuyi. An assessment of the health and social economic implications of sachet water in Ibadan,Nigeria: A public health challenge.Afr. J. Biomed. Res. 7:5-8. June 2004.
[2] M.O.Edema, A.M. Omemu and O.M.Fapetu.Microbiological and physiological analysis of different sources of drinking water in Abeokuta, Nigeria. J. Microbiol. 15(1):57-61. May 2001.
[3] O.A. Ashaye, A.A.Couple, O.O. Afolabi and S.B. Fasoyiro. Physicochemical properties of pure water samples in South Western Nigeria. J. Food Technol. Afr. 4:119-120. May 2001.
[4] I.O. Okonkwo, O.D. Adejoye, T.A. Ogunusi, E.A. Fajobi and O.B. Shittu Microbiological and physiochemical analysis of different water samples used for domestic purposes in Abeokuta and Ojota, Lagos State, Nigeria. Afr. J.Biotechnol. 7(3): 617-621. Jan 2008.
[5] J.M. Hughs and J.P Koplan(). Saving lives through global safe water. J. Emerging Infect. Dis. 11(10):1636-1637 Nov 2005.
[6] WHO.Guideline for water quality volume 1, H.M.S.O. Publication London. Pp. 6-9. ,Feb 1984.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	An Assessment Of Birth Preparedness And Complication Readiness In Antenatal Women In Umuahia North Local Government Area, Abia State, Nigeria.
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	U. C Emma-Ukaegbu, H I Nwokeukwu, B.S.C Uzochukwu
	:	10.9790/0853-131109094

Abstract: Background: Birth-preparedness and complication readiness (BP/CR) is a key strategy in safe motherhood Programmes which mitigate delays that could lead to increased maternal mortality. BP/CR is not effectively utilized in Nigeria. This study assessed the level of BP/CR and associated factors amongst women receiving antenatal care in Umuahia North L.G.A of Abia state Nigeria. Objectives: To assess the awareness of danger signs of obstetric complications and to identify associated factors of pregnant women receiving antenatal care in public and private health care facilities in Umuahia North L.G.A.

[1] Make every mother and child count. The World Health Report, 2005. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO 2005.
[2] WHO, UNICEF and UNFPA, Maternal mortality in 2000: estimates developed by WHO, UNICEF and UNFPA. Geneva, 2004.
[3] Christopher P, Lale S, Omar G, Katja I, Angela H. Maternal Mortality Declining in Middle-income Countries: http://www.un.org.kg/en/news-center/news-releases/article/news-center/69-unfpa/1567-maternal-mortality-declining-in-middle-income-countries accessed 1st May 2009
[4] Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) [Nigeria] Road map for accelerating the attainment of the millennium development goals related to maternal and newborn health in Nigeria. Abuja, FMOH; 2005. 38) Gill K, Pande R, Malhotra A. Women deliver for development. The Lancet, 2007; 370: 1347-1357.
[5] McPherson RA, Khadka N, Moore JM, Sharma M: Are birth-preparedness programmes effective? Results from a field trial in Siraha district, Nepal. Journal of Health Population and Nutrition 2006, 24(4):479-88.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Comprehensive Clinical Study of Postmenopausal Bleeding Excluding Carcinoma Cervix.
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr.Kavitha.b , Dr.G.C.Prabhakar, Dr. Shaivalini.k , Dr.Suprada.k
	:	10.9790/0853-131109598

Abstract: Introduction: Menopause:-Defined as the permanent cessation of menstruation resulting from loss of ovarian activity. Menopause normally occurs between the age of 45 to 50 yrs. The age of menopause varies with geographical, racial,nutritional factors. Objectives: To evaluate and to know the incidence of various causes of Post menopausal bleeding excluding carcinoma cervix. Methods: The Study was conducted on all post menopausal women registered to gynecology out Patient department of Mamata General Hospital who fulfilled the inclusion criteria with history and clinical examination.

[1] Jeffcoate`s principles of gynaecology "menopause " chapter 53 seventh edition 2008 :863 -864.p.p
[2] Kinti`s . G.A and Calvert. W. 1982 : "post menopausal bleeding -one hospital – one year ". J. obstetrics gynaecology INDIA , 32 : 676 .P.P
[3] D.C .Dutta text book of gynaecology "postmenopausal bleeding "chapter 33 fifth edition ; 532 -533 p.p.
[4] HAINES & TALYER Obsterical & gynaecological pathology 5th edition.
[5] Edward : Novak`s Gynaec obs. Pathology textbook gynaecological practice.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Pseudomyxoma Peritonei As A Result Of Low Grade Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasm In Association With Ovarian Fibroma.
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr.Deepa.R , Dr.R.Sathyalakshmi , Dr. Nalli. R . Sumitra Devi , Dr. R. Padmavathi , Dr.Mary Lilly. S
	:	10.9790/0853-1311099103

Abstract: Context : Pseudomyxoma peritonei is a condition caused by the production of abundant mucin by tumor cells which fills the abdominal cavity.(1)The tumor causes fibrosis of tissues and impedes digestion and organ function. If left untreated, tumor and mucin can build up to the point where it compresses vital structures: the colon, the liver, kidneys, stomach, spleen, etc .This disease is most commonly caused by an appendiceal primary tumor.

[1]. Qu Z, Liu L ."Management of pseudomyxoma peritonei". World J Gastroenterol .2006;12 (38): 6124–7.
[2]. Mucinous neoplasms of the vermiform appendix, Pseudomyxoma peritonei, and the new WHO classification.Pathologe. 2012 Feb;33(1):24-30.
[3]. de Rezende Pereira JC, Trugilho JC, Sarmat AA. Mucocele of the appendix. Surgery. 2004; 136(5): 1096-1097.
[4]. Hinson FL, Ambrose NS. Pseudomyxoma peritonei. Br J Surg.1998; 85(10): 1332-1339.
[5]. Mann WJ, Jr., Wagner J, Chumas J, Chalas E. The management of pseudomyxoma peritonei. Cancer.1990; 66(7): 1636–1640.
[6]. Elias D, Sabourin JC. Les pseudomyxomes péritonéaux. Mise au point. J Chir (Paris).1999; 136(6): 341-347.
[7]. Sherer DM, Abulafia O, Eliakim R. Pseudomyxoma peritonei: a review of current literature. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2001; 51(2): 73–80. Shimoyama S, Kuramoto S, Kawahara M, Yamasaki