iosr-JDMS   Volume-13 ~ Issue-1 ~ January-2014

Abstract: The conjoined twins are a rare and challenging congenital anomaly not only from treatment point of view but also from diagnostic point of view. A 32 year old woman G2 P1+o,L1 came to labour emergency of Burdwan Medical College Hospital with pain abdomen in a 32 week gestation. She was in early labour. She was diagnosed,at the local chamber by USG, to have conjoined twins. Thoracopagus live female conjoined twins were delivered by caesarean section. The twins died in the nursery next day morning (26/05/13 4.35A.M.)
Key Words: conjoined twins, thoracopagus.

[1] "Conjoined Twins Facts". University of Maryland Medical Center. Retrieved 6 January 2012.

[2] "Conjoined Twins". University of Maryland Medical Center. January 8, 2010.

[3] Hanson JW. Incidence of conjoined twinning. Lancet. 1975;2:1257.

[4] Edmonds LD, Layde PM. Conjoined twins in the United States, 1970-1977. Teratology. 1982;25:301-8.

[5] James L. Stone and James T. Goodrih. The craniopagus malformation: classification and implications for surgical separation. Brain 2006 129(5):1084-1095.

Abstract: Myopia, or nearsightedness, is the single most common human eye disease in the world. Unilateral high myopia is an uncommon condition, unlike myopia in general which is found in 15% of children by age 15 years. We describe a 15 years old female who attended our OPD with inability to see and raised intra ocular pressure of the right eye, ophthalmologic examinations was done to evaluate the anatomic structures and visual functions. On examination of the right eye, there was no perception of light , pupil was mid-dilated with no reaction to light, lens show cataractous changes, eyeball was proptosed outward and laterally, manifest divergent squint of 20° was noted with ciliary staphyloma at 12 0´ clock position. Slit lamp and biometric examinations of the right eye showed polychromatic lustre and ophthalmoscopic examination shows optic atrophy with extensive choroidal sclerosis. All the structures are visible in gonioscopy which confirms an open angle. Corneal transparency and corneal thickness were normal. From the clinical and ophthalmologic findings, unilateral high myopia with optic atrophy with complicated cataract with manifest divergent squint with secondary glaucoma with ciliary staphyloma was diagnosed. The case was studied in detail as unilateral high myopia is very rare in the North-Eastern part of India. This case highlights the need of awareness as our case lost her vision at a very early age due to ignorant, negligience and late referral to an ophthalmologist.

Keywords: complicated cataract, manifest divergent squint , proptosis , secondary glaucoma , unilateral high myopia.

[1] Sperduto RD, Siegel D, Roberts J, et al. Prevalence of myopia in the United States. Arch Ophthalmol 1983;101:405–7.
[2] Angle J, Wissman DA. The epidemiology of myopia. Am J Epidemiol 1980;111:220–8.
[3] Curtin BJ, ed. Anisometropic myopia. In: The myopias: basic science and clinical management. Philadelphia: Harper and Row, 1985;chapter 17:449–54.
[4] Saw MS,Gazzard G,Shih-Yen EC,Chua WH. Myopia and associated pathological complications.Ophthal.Physiol.Opt.2005;25:381-91.
[5] Grosvenor T. A review and a suggested classification system for myopia on the basis of age-related prevalence and age of onset. Am J Optom Physiol Opt .1987; 64:545-54.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Evaluation of Asymmetries associated with Class II subdivision malocclusions and Normal occlusion
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Nazima Jabeen || Dr. Mala Ram Manohar || Dr. G Shivaprakash || Dr. Poorya Naik D. S.
	:	10.9790/0853-13160714

Abstract: Aim: The objective of this study was to compare the dental and skeletal asymmetry seen in subjects with Class II subdivision malocclusion and normal occlusion. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 30 subjects in each group with Angle Class II subdivision malocclusions and with Angle Class I malocclusions. Postero-Anterior cephalographs were obtained from each subject. The cephalometric measurements were obtained according to the method described by Grummon's and Van de Coppell. Results are expressed as Mean and Standard Deviation. Differences between two groups are compared by unpaired t test. P = 0.05 or less was considered as statistically significant. Results: Sub-division cases exhibited 10.5% more asymmetry with angular measurements and exhibited 38% more asymmetry with linear measurements as compared with normal group. Conclusion: There was a significant amount of radiographic mandibular asymmetry in relation to Class II subdivision malocclusions in general. As a consequence of the more frequent asymmetry in the lower third of face, the mandibular dental midline and the antegonial angle were deviated on the Class II side, as evaluated on the postero-Anterior radiograph.
Keywords: Mandibular asymmetry, Postero-Anterior cephalograms, Subdivision malocclusion.

[1] Go¨kmen Kurta; Tancan Uysalb; Yildiray Sismanc; Sabri Ilhan Ramoglud. Mandibular Asymmetry in Class II Subdivision Malocclusion. Angle Orthodontist, Vol 78, No 1, 2008
[2] Omer Said Sezgina; Peruze Celenkb; Selim Aricic. Mandibular Asymmetry in Different Occlusion Patterns.-A Radiological Evaluation. Angle Orthodontist, Vol 77, No 5, 2007
[3] Angela Rita Pontes Azevedoa, Guilherme Jansonb, José Fernando Castanha Henriquesc, Marcos Roberto de Freitasb. Evaluation of asymmetries between subjects with Class II subdivision and apparent facial asymmetry and those with normal occlusion. AJO-DO-2006, vol 129, Number 3.
[4] Turpin DL. Correcting the Class II subdivision malocclusion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2005; 128(5):555-556.
[5] Alavi DG, Begole EA, Schneider BJ. Proffit WR , Vig KWL , Turvey TA. Facial and dental arch asymmetries in Class II subdivision malocclusion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop . 1988; 93:38–46.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Recent Advances in Endodontic Visualization: A Review
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Anil Dhingra || Dr. Nidhi Nagar
	:	10.9790/0853-13161520

Abstract: Advances in endodontics in the past two decades have given endodontists important new tools to save natural dentition. By providing both intense focused light as well as a high degree of magnification, the endoscope, orascope, dental loupes and operating microscopes has become an important part of the armamentarium for many endodontists. Each instrument has inherent advantages and disadvantages. Here, we describe the recent advances as well as the traditional magnification tools in field of endodontics.
Keywords: Dental loupes, Endoscope,Endodontic Visualization System,Operating microscope, Orascope.

[1]. Donald E.Arens. Introduction to magnification in endodontics,JEsthetRestor Dent 15:426-439,2003.
[2]. Endodontics: Colleagues for Excellence AAE 2003, Advances in endodontics surgery.
[3]. Gary A .Morris, A clear view no longer means a stiff neck, Dental economics July, 1999
[4]. Ingle JI, Bakland IK. Endodontics. 6th ed. Hamilton: Bc Decker Inc; 2008.
[5]. Blakiston's New Gould Medical Dictionary. 2nd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 1986:400.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Filariasis of the breast---a rare case report from endemic eastern U.P. (India) with review of literature
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Bhattacharya A. B.
	:	10.9790/0853-13162122

Abstract: Parasites in the human breast are uncommon but not rare. Hydatid cyst in breast is very rare. Others like cystecercosis, schistosomiasis and filariasis have been documented in the breast though uncommon and their cytomorphology is well characterized. Filariasis caused by wuchereriabancrofti , brugia malayi and brugia timori affect the lymphatic system with a predilection for lower limb , retroperitoneal tissue , spermatic cord and epididymis. Breast , thyroid , body fluids and skin are unusual sites for it , thus making extranodal filariasis a rare entity. I hereby present a young female from a nonendemic area, with a painful lesion in right breast with enlarged right axillary lymph node and fever. Fine needle aspiration cytology revealed microfilaria of Bancrofti and the diagnosis was given as Filariasis of right breast. Many times it is mistaken for an inflammatory carcinoma clinically.We would like to emphasize that the differential diagnosis of filarial granuloma should be considered in the above mentioned clinical settings in endemic and non-endemic areas as well.

[1]. Chatterjee KD :PhyllumNemathelmenthes,class-nematoda.In Parasitology(Protozoology& Helminthology) in relation to Clinical Medicine 12Edn Calcutta:Chatterjee. Med.Publishers; 1980 : 190 - 199 .
[2]. VargheseR,RaghuveerCV,Pai MR et al-Microfilaria in cytological smears.A report of 6 cases. Acta.cytol.1996;40:299-301.
[3]. Walter A,HemlataK,CariappaA- Microfilaria of WuchereriaBancrofti in cytological smear.Acta Cytol.1983;4:432-436.
[4]. SodhaniP,Murty D A,Pant CS—Microfilaria in a fine needle aspiration from a breast lump-a case report . Cytopathology 1993;4:59-62.
[5]. Bhardwaj S, Mahajan D, AttriMR;Filariasis of the breast.JK Science2007;9:98-99.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Study of Concomitant Strabismus amongstthe EthnicPopulation of Manipur
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Kipa Tubing || Dr. Thungpamo patton || Dr. Laishram Usharani || Dr. Gomi Basar || Dr. Wobenthong Tsapoe || Dr. Lalhriatpuii S. T. || Dr. Moiranghtem Satyabama
	:	10.9790/0853-13162328

Abstract: To find out the prevalence of concomitant strabismus among ethnic Manipuris of India and the associated refractive changes in concomitant squint. Study design and setting: Descriptive Cross-sectional study conducted in the Outpatient Ophthalmology Department at Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal (Manipur), for a period of two years from September 2010 to July 2012.

Key words: Strabismus, Esotropia, Exotropia, Hypermetropia, Myopia, Astigmatism.

[1] Elder SD. Ocular motility and strabismus . In: Elder SD, Wybar K, editors. System of ophthalmology Vol. VI. London: Mosby publishers; 1973: p 223-25.
[2] Kanski JJ, Bowling B. Strabismus. In:Kanski JJ, Bowling B,editors.Clinical ophthalmology,A systemic approach. 7th edition 2011.London:elseveirs saunders;p736-772.
[3] Donnely UM, Steward NM, Hollinger M. Prevalence and outcomes of childhood visual disorders. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2005; 12:243-50.
[4] Graham P. A. Epidemiology of strabismus. Br J Ophthalmol 1974: 58; 224-31.
[5] Chew E, Remalley NA, Tamboli A, Zhao J, Podger MJ, Klebanoff M. Risk factors for esotropia and exotropia. Arch Ophthal 1994:112; 1349-55.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	To evaluate and compare the Upper lip bite test with the Modified Mallampatti Classification in the prediction of difficult mask ventilation and direct laryngoscopic intubation
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Surmila Khoirom || Dr. R. W. Naphade
	:	10.9790/0853-13162934

Abstract: Background: To find out a better method for airway evaluation. Aims: The aim of the study was to compare the ULBT with Modified Mallampatti Classification in the prediction of difficult mask ventilation and direct laryngoscopic intubation. Settings and design: A prospective double blind, randomized controlled study was conducted in a tertiary centre. Methods: A total of 180 patients were selected for our study . All the patients were assessed using both the Upper Lip bite test and Modified Mallampatti Classification preoperatively by an independent observer. Later the observations of the two tests were compared with the mask ventilation, Cormacke Lehane grade of laryngoscopic view along with ease of intubation by a separate anaesthesiologist . Statistical analysis: Statistical analysis was done using statistics package. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:The maximum number of cases were seen in the age group of 19-29. Correlation of both MPC and ULBT was good with obesity. Both MPC and ULBT showed a good correlation with the space available for intubation. However, ULBT was more specific as well as sensitive than MPC in difficult mask ventilation.
Keywords: Airway management, Difficult laryngoscopy, Intubation, Mask ventilation, Upper lip bite test.

[1] Editorial-Indian Journal of Anaesthesia 2005;49(4):248-250.
[2] Rocke DA, Murray WB, Rout CC. Relative risk analysis of factors associated with difficult intubation in obstetric anaesthesia. Anaesthesiology 1992:77:67-73.
[3] Randell T. Prediction of difficult intubation. Acta Anesthesio Scand 1996;40:1016-23.
[4] Robert Caplan. Practical guidelines for management of the difficult airway, a report by ASA task force on management of difficult airway. Anaesthesiology 1993, 78:597-692.
[5] Editorial – Indian Journal of Anaesthesia. 2005;49(4):258-262.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Effect of Nutritional Supplementation with Fish Oil on Rankl/Opg Ratio in Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Patients Suffering From Chronic Periodontitis. A Randomized Controlled Trial
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Debopriya Chatterjee || Dr. Mohamed Faizuddin || Dr. Hemalata || Dr. Aishwarya Chatterjee
	:	10.9790/0853-13163540

Abstract: Fish oil, which is rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, has been shown to exert anti inflammatory influence in animal models and in many inflammatory diseases. The present study was designed to study the effect of nutritional supplementation with fish oil on RANKL/OPG ratio in gingival crevicular fluid of patients suffering from chronic periodontitis A total 60 subjects participated in the study and were randomly divided into experimental and control group consisting 30 each. The experimental group received nutritional supplementation with 300 mg of fish oil capsule containing 30 mg of DHA (Docosahexanoic acid) 20 mg of EPA (Eicosapentanoic acid). The control group received placebo consisting gelatin capsule and starch. GCF samples were harvested from all the subjects and samples were stored and analyzed for RANKL and OPG levels using commercially. Our investigation revealed that the baseline RANKL/OPG ratio between the two groups was almost same. In both the groups after 6 weeks follow up there was a statistically significant decrease in the RANKL/OPG ratio. Comparing their mean RANKL/OPG ratio after 6 weeks there was a difference in their means with greater reduction in the experimental group. However this difference was not statistically significant. Fish oil may play a role as an inflammatory in periodontal diseases.
Key Words: Fish oil, RANKL/OPG as well.

[1]. Page RC,Korman KS. The pathogenesis of human periodontitis: An introduction. Periodontol 2000 1997; 14:9-11.
[2]. Howell TH, Williams RC. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as inhibitors of periodontal disease progression. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 1993;4:177-196.
[3]. Hesham EL-Sharkawy, Nayer Aboelsaad, Mohamed Eliwa, Mohmoud Darweesh, Mohammad Alshahat, Alpdogan Kantarci. Adjunctive Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis with Daily Dietary Supplementation with Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Low-Dose Aspirin. J Periodontol 2010;81:1635-1643.
[4]. Penny M. Kris-Etherton, William S. Harris, Lawrence J. Appel. Fish Consumption, Fish Oil, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, and Cardiovascular Disease. Circulation.2002; 106:2747-2757.
[5]. Bruce A Watkins, Yong Li, Hugh E.Lippman, Shulin Feng. Modulatory Effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on osteoblast function and bone metabolism. Prostaglandin, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids 2003; 68:387-398.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Nutritional Status of Children in Rural setting
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	George O. Boma || Ikiba Prosper Anthony || Mukoro Duke George || Ebiwari Abaiola || Fiateide Andrew || McEteli D. Daniel || Tarimobo Rugina Tarilanyo || Kalada Mefubara
	:	10.9790/0853-13164147

Abstract: The fight against Malnutrition may remain for a long time as long as vast population in developing countries remain within the range of poverty coupled with on-going chaos from political instability in some developing nations. Therefore public health investigation of nutritional status of children is a continuous process that requires several re-assessments especially in volatile environment. Anthropometry is a direct method and the commonest method of assessment of nutritional status in children in these developing nations. Our study therefore assesses the nutritional status of children in rural setting in a developing nation as Nigeria and the influencing factors prevailing for the observed variations; The significant difference between the private and government pupils through their body mass index and other anthropometric parameters. as well.

[1] AnurageS.,SyedE.M.Payal M.S. Bhushan K.:Nutritional status of school aged children-A scenario of Urban slums in India: Archives of public health 2012,70:8
[2] World Health Organization: Research to improve implementation and effectiveness of school health programmes. Geneva: WHO; 1996, 1, 9-15.
[3] UNICEF policy review: Strategy for improved nutrition of children and women in developing countries. UNICEF, New york: USA;1990:5-36
[4] World Health Organization Expert Committee: An estimate for the prevalence of child malnutrition in developing countries. World Health Stat Q 1985, 38:331-347.
[5] Abidoye RO, Ihebuzor NN: Assessment of nutritional status using anthropometric methods on 1-4 year old children in an urban ghetto in Lagos, Nigeria. Nutritional health 2001, 15:29-39.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effect of mulligan bent leg raise technique in subject with hamstring trigger point
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Deepak Raghav ||Vinit kumar singh || Meenakshi Verma || Monika Sharma
	:	10.9790/0853-13164853

Abstract: The aim of the study was to analyse the effect of mulligan bent leg raise technique on hamstring trigger point. 40 subjects who were diagnosed by hamstring trigger point randomly recruited in the study All subjects received Mulligan bent leg raise technique (BLR), To determine the effect of intervention the patient were assessed on the measures of Active knee extension test (AKE) and visual analogue scale(VAS) on pre and post of the study. t-test indicated significant improvement in Visual analogue scale and Active knee extension test in subject with hamstring trigger point. The study suggests that BLR is effective in decreasing pain and improving range of motion in subjects with hamstring trigger point.
Keywords: Hamstring trigger point, Mulligan Bent Leg Raise technique, Active knee extension test, Visual analogue scale.

[1] Carel Bron, Jo Franssen, Michel Wensing, Rob A.B. Oostendorp: Interrater Reliability of Palpation of Myofascial Trigger Points in Three Shoulder Muscles, The Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy Vol. 15 No. 4 (2007), 203–215.
[2] William P Hanten, Sharon L Olson, Nicole L Butts, Aimee L Nowicki : Effectiveness of a Home Program of Ischemic Pressure Followed by Sustained Stretch for Treatment of Myofascial Trigger Points., PHYS THER. 2000; 80:997-1003.
[3] Jan Dommerholt, Carel Bron, Jo Franssen, Myofascial Trigger Points: An Evidence-Informed Review The Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy Vol. 14 No. 4 (2006), 203 – 221.
[4] Akinpelu Ao ,Bakareu, Adegokeboa. Influence of age on hamstring tightness in apparently healthy Nigerians: Journal of the Nigeria Society of Physiotherapy Vol 115: 35 – 41, (2005).
[5] B Dadebo, J White, K P George. A survey of flexibility training protocols and hamstring strains in professional football clubs in England: British Journal of Sports Medicine Vol 38: 388–394, (2004).

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Comparison of inguinal hernia repair under local anesthesia versus spinal anesthesia
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Pradeep Goyal || Shiv Kumar Sharma || Kamaljeet Singh Jaswal || Sandeep Goyal , Mushtaq Ahmed || Gauravrai Sharma || Poonam Pandotra
	:	10.9790/0853-13165459

Abstract: Inguinal hernia is one of the most common diseases in the males. Treatment of this pathology is exclusively surgical . While in the past hernia surgery was carried out mainly under general and spinal anesthesia, in recent years there has been growing emphasis on the role of local anesthesia. Local anesthesia for inguinal hernia repair is cost-effective, but fear of intra-operative pain may hinder its widespread use. Objectives.To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of inguinal hernia repair under local anaesthesia. To compare the inguinal hernia repair under local anaesthesia versus spinal anaesthesia in relation with post operative pain, complications and hospital stay.

Keywords: Local Anaesthesia, Inguinal hernia repair, Lichtenstein mesh hernioplasty.

[1]. Rutkow IM, Robbins AW, Demographic classificatory ,and socio economic aspects of hernia repair in the united states. Surg Clin N Am 1993; 73 : 413.
[2]. Young DV. Comparision of local, spinal and general anaesthesia for inguinal hernia repair. Am J Surg 1987;153:560-3.
[3]. Amado WJ. Anaesthesia for groin hernia surgery. Surg Clin N Am 1993; 73 :427 -38.
[4]. Callesen T. inguinal hernia repair: anaesthesia, pain and convalescene. Dan Med Bull 2003; 50(3): 203–18
[5]. Amado WJ. Anaesthesia for groin hernia surgery. Surg Clin N Am 2003; 83:1065 –77.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Evaluation of the Quantitative Expression and Correlation between Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) During Follicular phase in Primary Infertile Women of Reproductive Age
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Arome Solomon Odiba || Parker Elijah Joshua || Chimere Young Ukegbu || Iruoghene Onosakponome
	:	10.9790/0853-13166065

Abstract: We determined the serum levels of FSH and LH in primary infertile women of reproductive age as well as the physiological correlation between these gonadotropins. This investigation was carried out at the Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH), Nigeria. The sample size is made up of seventy (70) women of reproductive age, falling within the range of 25-34 years, categorized into control (n=35) and primary infertile (n=35) certified as primary infertile by a gynecologist and referred for infertility investigation. A fasting morning blood sample was obtained from each of the patients during the follicular phase of the cycle for the investigation. FSH and LH serum levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods.

Keywords: gonadotropins, hormones, Infertility, ovulation, primary.

[1] R. S. Maker, and T.L. Toth, The evaluation of infertility, American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 117, 2002, 95–103.
[2] A. D. Domar, D. Clapp, E. Slawsby, B. Kessel, J. Orav, and M. Freizinger, The impact of group psychological interventions on distress in infertile women, Health Psychology, 19(6), 2000, 568-575.
[3] K. Kaushal, and S. M. Shalet, Defining growth hormone status in adults with hypopituitarism, Hormonal Research, 68 (4), 2007, 185–94.
[4] J. Sciarra, Infertility: An international health problem, International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 46, 1994, 155-163.
[5] R. P. G. ten Broek, N. Kok-Krant, H. R. Verhoeve, H. van Goor, and E. A. Bakkum, Efficacy of polyethylene glycol adhesion barrier after gynecological laparoscopic surgery: Results of a randomized controlled pilot study, Gynecological Surgery, 9, 2002, 29–35.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A Comparative Study of the Serum Levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) During Follicular Phase in Secondary and Primary Infertile Women of Reproductive Age
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Arome Solomon Odiba || Parker Elijah Joshua || Chimere Young Ukegbu || Iruoghene Onosakponome
	:	10.9790/0853-13166672

Abstract: We compared secondary and primary infertile women of reproductive age in terms of the levels of FSH and LH. This investigation was carried out at the Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH), Nigeria. 150 women within the reproductive age of 25-34 years, categorized into control (n=50), secondary infertile (n=50) and primary infertile (n=50) were randomly drawn for the study. A fasting morning blood sample was obtained from the patients during the follicular phase of the cycle for serum FSH and LH investigation by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. SerumFSH results for secondary infertile groupexpressed as mean±SD is 6.07±2.53 [t-test value of 0.12 (p<0.05) when compared with the control], primary infertile group is 10.87±11.39, [t-test value of 0.02 (p<0.05) when compared with the control].

Keywords: Hormone, infertility, ovulation, primary, secondary.

[1] World Health Organization, Challenges in reproductive health research, Biennial Report 1992-1993, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland, 1994.
[2] U. Larsen, G. Masenga, and J. Mlay, Infertility in a community and clinic-based sample of couples in Moshi, northern Tanzania,East African Medical Journal, 83, 2006, 10-17.
[3] World Health Organization, Infertility: atabulation of available data on prevalence of primary and secondary infertility,Geneva Program on Maternal and Child Health and Family Planning. Division of Family Health, 1991.
[4] T. Strahan, Detrimental effects of abortion: an annotated bibliography with commentary(Chicago USA, Springfield, Acorn Books, 2002).
[5] E.K. Herz, Infertility and bioethical issues of the new reproductive technologies, The Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 12(1), 1989, 117–131.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease: A Case Report
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Santa Naorem || Dr. Vinodhkumar K. || Dr. Uttam Kumar Barman || Dr. Gautam Debbarma || Dr. M. Amuba Singh
	:	10.9790/0853-13167375

Abstract: Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease is a rare benign, self limiting disorder of unknown etiology characterized by regional, tender cervical lymphadenopathy and associated with mild fever. A 24 year old girl presented with mild to moderate fever and cervical lymphadenopathy for 3 weeks. Systemic examination was normal. Works up for sepsis, autoimmune diseases, lymphoproliferative disease were negative. Histopathological examination of the lymph node was consistent with Kikuchi's disease and there was self remission after 2 weeks of follow up. Its association with systemic lupus erythematosus makes it necessary to be aware of this condition and to follow up these patients and to consider as one of the differential diagnoses in young patients with cervical lymphadenopathy and fever of unknown origin. Treatment is symptomatic and spontaneous recovery occurs in 1 to 4 months. Awareness of this disease may help clinicians and pathologists to prevent misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment.
Key-words: Lymphadenopathy, Kikuchi's disease.

[1] Kato A, Kono T, Ishii M, Wakasa K, Taniguchi S. Spontaneous clearance of psoriasis during the course of Kikuchi - Fujimoto
disease. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002; 47: 287-88.
[2] Kikuchi M. lymphadenitis showing focal reticular cell hyperplasia with nuclear debris and phagocytes: A clinicopathological
study.Acta Hematol Jpn 1972; 35: 379-80.
[3] Fujimoto Y, Kojima Y, Yamaguchi K. Cervical Subacute necrotising lymphadenitis; A new clinicopathological entity 1972; 20:
920-27.
[4] Dorfman RF, Berry GJ. Kikuchi's histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis: An analysis of 108 cases with emphasis on differential
diagnosis. Semin Diagn Pathol 1988; 5: 329-45.
[5] AlKhwaja S, Khatoon A, Shameem S. Kikuchi's Disease. Bahrain Medical Bulletin 2006; 28(3).

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Oro-cutaneous presentations of Herpes Zoster in a healthy adult
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. W. Robindro Singh || Dr. Ngairangbam Sanjeeta || Dr. O. Brajachand Singh || Dr. T. Nabachandra Singh
	:	10.9790/0853-13167678

Abstract: A well built 43 yrs old male of medium height with no history of past medical illness and with a negative HIV status presented with pain on the left cheek with a couple of painful white lesions in the mouth associated with malaise. Considering it to be an apthous ulcer treated with analgesic, antiseptic mouth wash, a topical anaesthetic gel, and a multivitamin. Three days later condition worsened with cutaneous vesicles and postulation. The case was shown to a dermatologist and a diagnosis of herpes zoster was made based on the clinical manifestations. Then treated with Tab Microvir (Famciclovir), analgesic, vitamin, and a chorhexidine mouth wash. The signs and symptoms completely disappeared by the twelfth day of the initiation of the treatment. Presence of oral lesions without dermal lesions, in an unsuspecting individual, during the early stage of HZ can mislead the diagnosis and management of the condition. Early diagnosis and prompt management with an antiviral agent and a corticosteroid, can markedly decrease the morbidity of the disease, and also avoid complications like post herpetic neuralgia.
Keywords: apthous Ulcer, mucocutaneouslesios, dermal manifestation, Herpes zoster.

[1]. Chatterjee KD :PhyllumNemathelmenthes,class-nematoda.In Parasitology(Protozoology& Helminthology) in relation to Clinical Medicine 12Edn Calcutta:Chatterjee. Med.Publishers; 1980 : 190 - 199 .
[2]. VargheseR,RaghuveerCV,Pai MR et al-Microfilaria in cytological smears.A report of 6 cases. Acta.cytol.1996;40:299-301.
[3]. Walter A,HemlataK,CariappaA- Microfilaria of WuchereriaBancrofti in cytological smear.Acta Cytol.1983;4:432-436.
[4]. SodhaniP,Murty D A,Pant CS—Microfilaria in a fine needle aspiration from a breast lump-a case report . Cytopathology 1993;4:59-62.
[5]. Bhardwaj S, Mahajan D, AttriMR;Filariasis of the breast.JK Science2007;9:98-99.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Assessment of Ultrasound Equipment as a Possible Source of Nosocomial Infection in Lagos State Hospitals and Radio-Diagnostic Centres
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Akpochafor M. O. || Adeosun A. S. || Eze C. U. || Adeneye S. || Aweda M. A.
	:	10.9790/0853-13167986

Abstract: To assess the role of ultrasound equipment as a possible source of nosocomial infections in Lagos State Hospitals and diagnostic centres and to identify the types of Microorganisms found in the equipment. METHODS : Microbiological cultures were carried out on samples obtained from ultrasound probes, gel and couch before and after scanning period. Cultures were incubated in a culture plate (Chocolate and MacConkey agar) for 48 hours at a temperature of 370 in order to grow microorganism, after which the culture plate was examined microscopically against a bright light in order to identify the isolated organisms based on their colonial characteristics.

KEYWORDS: Ultrasound, Nosocomial infection, Contamination, ultrasound transducer and coupling gel, chemical sterilization , droplets, vermin-D, Aseptic, Culture media, MaCconkey agar and chocolate agar.

[1]. Wikipedia (2010). Nosocomial Infections. http//www.enwikipedia Assessed 26/4/10.
[2]. Biotec Product 2012. Operators manual: Preparation of culture media. Biotec publishing London.
[3]. Abdullahi B, Mohammed Yusuf MY, Khoo BH (1998). Physical methods of reducing the transmission of nosocomial infection via ultrasound and probe. Clinical Radiology 53(3): 212-4.
[4]. Fowler C, McCracken D (1999). US Probes: Risk of cross infection and ways to reduce it: Comparison of cleaning methods: Radiology 213:299-300.
[5]. Hutchinson J, Runge W, Mulvey M, Norris G (2004) Burkhoderiacepacia infections associated with intrinsically contaminated ultrasound gel: the role of microbial degradation of parabens. Infection control and Hospital Epidemiology 25 (4): 291-6.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Diagnostic Characteristics of Urine Microscopy in Detecting Asymptomatic Bacteriuria of Pregnancy Using Urine Culture as Gold Standard
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Aiyebelehin Oyetayo Alfred || Obazee Matie || Sule Abdullateef Gbenga || Ike Chiedozie || Duru U. Martin
	:	10.9790/0853-13168790

Abstract: The objective of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic characteristics of urine Microscopy in detecting asymptomatic bacteriuria of pregnancy. Methods: It was a descriptive, cross-sectional study involving 240 pregnant women who presented in the course of antenatal care from January to April 2009. With the aid of a questionnaire patients who were recruited for the study had their socio-demographic data and relevant gynaecological and drug history recorded. A physical examination was done to document temperature, height, weight and symphysiofundal height. A clean-catch mid-stream urine sample was collected for microscopy and culture. White blood cell count of ≥ 5/hpf and/or bacteria count of ≥ 1/hpf of urine was considered significant for urine microscopy and a single colony count of ≥105/ ml from two consecutive urine samples was considered significant for urine culture. Results: Using urine culture as gold standard, the sensitivity of urine microscopy was 90.9%, the specificity was 49.3%, the positive predictive value was 22.2% and the negative predictive value was 97.1%. Conclusion:Specificity of urine microscopy is very low. However, its high negative predictive value makes urine microscopy useful in ruling out bacteriuria in resource-poor settings.
Keywords: Asymptomatic bacteriuria, Urinary tract infection, urine microscopy, pregnant women.

[1]. John ED, Michael L E. Urinary tract infection during pregnancy. AmFam Physician 2000; 61:713-21.
[2]. Smail F, Schnarr J Asymptomatic bacteriuria and symptomatic urinary tract infections in pregnancy.Eur J Clin Invest. 2008 Oct; 38 Suppl 2:50-7.
[3]. Stein G; Fünfstück R. Asymptomatic bacteriuria. Med Klin (Munich). 2000; 95(4):195-200.
[4]. Saidi A, Delaporte V, Lechevallier E. Urological problems encountered during pregnancy. Prog Urol. 2005; 15(1):1-5
[5]. Kacmaz B; Cakir O; Aksoy A; Biri A. Evaluation of rapid urine screening tests to detect asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2006; 59(4):261-3.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Review on Addictions: Its psychological and behavioural aspects, underlying causes and management
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Shailesh Pangaonkar || Dr. Priyanka Hingwe || Dr. Amol Bodhankar || Dr. Neha Jaju || Dr. Vinay singh Pawar
	:	10.9790/0853-13169197

Abstract: "Anything that makes you weak physically, intellectually and spiritually, reject as a poison" – This has been said even in our scriptures. Addictions have been found to be common state observed in all age groups particularly young adults.

[1] Review on Anxiety: Its influence in Dental office, causes, recognition, prevention and management. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-ISSN: 2279-0853, p-ISSN: 2279-0861. Volume 9, Issue 1 (Jul.- Aug. 2013), PP 80-84
Dr. Amol Bodhankar, Dr. Shailesh Pangaonkar, Dr. Uday Bodhankar, Rupali Dongre
[2] Psychology of addiction Psychiatry, Volume 5, Issue 12, Pages 455-460 Shamil Wanigaratne [3] The psychology and neurobiology of addiction: an incentive–sensitization view Addiction
Volume 95, Issue 8s2, pages 91–117, August 2000
[4] A brief literature review about relaxation therapy and anxiety, : Body, Movement and Dance in Psychotherapy: An International Journal for Theory, Research and Practice
[5] Progressive Muscle Relaxation, Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment Volume 13, Issue 3, 2006.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Peripheral Nerve Damage Following Removal of Mandibular Third Molar: Causes and Prevention
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Kaushalya Kanagasabapathy || Dr. Brigit Eapen
	:	10.9790/0853-131698102

Abstract: Third molar extraction is a routinely done procedure by a Dental and Maxillofacial Surgeon. However, chances are that this procedure can bring about damage to one of the branches of the mandibular nerve. An in-depth knowledge on the anatomy of the nerve, correct diagnosis and the usage of proper techniques will enable the clinician to carry out this procedure without leaving post-operative complications. This review article focuses mainly on the causes of peripheral nerve trauma during the procedure and whatshould or can be done to prevent it.

[1] Ailing CC (1986). Dyesthesia of the lingual and inferior alveolar nerves following third molar surgery. I Oral MaxillofacSurg 44:454-457.
[2] AzazB, ShteyerA, PiamentaM. Radiographic and clinical manifestations of the impacted mandibular thirdmolar.IntJOralSurg1976;5:158.
[3] Blackburn CW, Bramley PA (1989). Lingual nerve damage associated with the removal of lower third molars. Br Dent] 167.103-107.
[4] Cade TA .Paresthesia of the inferior alveolar nerve following the extraction of the mandibular third molars:a literature review of its causes, treatment, and prognosis. MilMed 1992;157:389–92.
[5] Carmichael FA, McGowan DA (1992). Incidence of nerve damage following third molar removal. Br J Oral MaxillofacSurg 30:78-82.