iosr-JDMS   Volume-14 ~ Issue-12 ~ December-2015

Abstract: Obstructive uropathy refers to the presence of structural or functional changes in the urinary tract due to obstruction to the normal flow of urine. It is due to functional or anatomic lesions that can be located anywhere in the urinary tract, from the renal tubules to the urethral meatus.1 It has a bimodal distribution. It is common in childhood mainly due to congenital anomalies of the urinary tract. It declines with age until late adulthood (60 to 65 years) where the incidence rises, predominantly in men, due to prostatic hyperplasia or cancer.2

[1]. Klahr S. Obstructive nephropathy. Intern Med 2000 May;39(5):355-61.
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[3]. Silverman SG, Leyendecker JR , Amis ES. What is the current role of CT urography and MR urography in the evaluation of the urinary tract. Radiology Feb 2009;250(2):309-23.
[4]. Khanna PC, Karnik ND, Jankharia BG, Merchant SA, Joshi AR, Kukreja KU. Magnetic resonance urography versus intravenous urography in obstructive uropathy: a prospective study of 30 cases. J Assoc Physicians India Jun 2005;53(9):527-31.
[5]. Hennig J, Friedburg HG, Frankenschmidt A. Rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement MR urography: a fast non tomographic imaging procedure for demonstrating the efferent urinary pathways using nuclear magnetic resonance. Der Radiologe 1987 Feb;27(1):45-7.
[6]. Leyendecker JR, Barnes CE, Zagoria RJ. MR Urography: techniques and clinical applications. Radiographics Jan 2008;28(1):23-5.

Abstract: Dietary habits are one of the modifiable risk factors for nutrition related health problems during adolescence. Objective: The study was conducted to assess the eating habits and nutritional status of adolescent rural school girls and to determine the association between nutritional status with eating habits and socio-demographic characteristics.

[1] WHO. Adolescent health. Adolescent development [Internet]. [cited 2015 Nov 26]. Available from: http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/topics/adolescence/dev/en/.
Eating habits and nutritional status among adolescent school girls: an experience from rural area…
DOI: 10.9790/0853-141220612 www.iosrjournals.org 12 | Page
[2] UNICEF. Progress for children A report card on adolescents [Internet]. New York: 2012 Apr [cited 2015 Nov 26]. Available from: http://www.unicef.org/media/files/PFC2012_A_report_card_on_adolescents.pdf.
[3] French S a., Lin BH, Guthrie JF. National trends in soft drink consumption among children and adolescents age 6 to 17 years: Prevalence, amounts, and sources, 1977/1978 to 1994/1998. J Am Diet Assoc. 2003; 103(10):1326-31.
[4] Chatterjee P. India sees parallel rise in malnutrition and obesity. Lancet. 2002; 360:1948.
[5] Monteiro C a, D'A Benicio MH, Conde WL, Popkin BM. Shifting obesity trends in Brazil. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2000;54: 342-6.
[6] Popkin BM, Lu B, Zhai F. Understanding the nutrition transition: measuring rapid dietary changes in transitional countries. Public Health Nutr. 2002; 5:947-53.

Abstract: A 50 year old gentleman from chennai got admitted with complaints of three year history of dyspnoea on exertion with recurrent pulmonary infections. Patient had history of exanthematous fever in childhood period. He was a non smoker and no family history of asthma. Physical examination revealed rhonchi, heard over both lung fields.

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Abstract: Ovarian steroid cell tumors are rare functioning sex cord stromal tumors. They accounts <0.1% of all ovarian tumors. A subtype of this tumor also known as not otherwise specified (NOS) that accounts for approximately one-half of all the steroid cell tumors. Approximately one-third of steroid cell tumors in adults have been reported to be malignant. Previously, these tumors were referred to as lipid or lipoid cell tumors of ovary. The mean age of presentation of these tumors at around 40 years. They are usually small (<3-cm) nodules and virtually always unilateral. Herein, we are reporting a case of an 18 year old female with NOS subtype of steroid cell tumor, who presented with hirsutism and virilisation.

[1]. Hayes MC, Scully RE: Ovarian steroid cell tumors (not otherwise specified): a clinicopathological analysis of 63 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 1987, 11:835–845.
[2]. Scully Robert E: Classification of Human Ovarian Tumors. Environmental Health Perspectives 1987, 78:1524.
[3]. Young RH, Scully RE: Blaustein's pathology of the female genital tract. 4th edition. Edited by Kurman RJ. SpringerVerlag; 1994:783847.
[4]. Lin CJ, Jorge AA, Latronico AC, Marui S, Fragoso MC, Martin RM, Carvalho FM, Arnhold IJ, Mendonca BB: Origin of an ovarian steroid cell tumor causing isosexual pseudoprecocious puberty demonstrated by the expression of adrenal steroidogenic enzymes and adrenocorticotropin receptor. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000, 85:1211–1214.
[5]. Liu AX, Sun J, Shao WQ, Jin HM, Song WQ: Steroid cell tumors, not otherwise specified (NOS), in an accessory ovary: a case report and literature review. Gynecol Oncol 2005, 97:260–262.
[6]. William E Hill, John FJ Clark: Functional Ovarian Tumors: A Ten Year Study at Freedmen's Hospital. J Natl Med Assoc 1964, 56:6670.

Abstract: Background: Typhoid fever is an acute multi-systemic infectious illness significantly contributing to considerable morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing Asian countries where about 80% of cases and deaths occur. In India also, it remains a serious health problem. A wide range of antibiotics ranging from Ampicillin, Co-trimoxable to Fluoroquinolones and third generation Cephalosporins have been used in the treatment of typhoid fever with variable success rates. In recent years, Ceftriaxone, a third generation Cephalosporin, has been increasingly used though the exact dosage and duration remains vague.

[1]. Bhutta ZA. Enteric Fever(Typhoid fever). Infectious diseases. In: Kliegman RM, Berhman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF. Nelson
Textbook of Pediatrics, 18th Ed. Philadelphia:Elsevier; 2003,( Vol.1), 1182-1191.
[2]. Crump JA, Luby SP, Mintz ED. The global burden of typhoid fever. Bull World Health Organ 2004; 82:346-353.
[3]. Ochiai RL, Acosta CJ, Danovaro-Holliday MC, Baiqing D, Bhattacharya SK, Agtini MD, et al. A study of typhoid fever in five
Asian countries: disease burden and implications for controls. Bull World Health Organ 2008;86:260-268.
[4]. Panicker CK, Vimala KN. Transferable chloramphenicol resistance in Salmonella typhi. Nature1972; 239: 109-110.
[5]. Olarte J,Galindo E. S.typhi resistant to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and other antimicrobial agents : strains isolated during an
extensive typhoid fever epidemic in Mexico. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1973:4;597-601.
[6]. Mirza SH, Beeching NJ, Hart CA. Multi-drug resistant typhoid : a global problem. J Med Microbiol 1996:44;317-319.
[7]. Gupta A. Multi-drug resistant typhoid fever in children,epidemiology and therapeutic approach. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1994:13;134-
140.

Abstract: Congenital malformations are among leading cause of mortality and morbidity among neonates and also beyond neonatal age group. An institution - based cross –sectional, observational study was conducted in B.S Medical college, Bankura, west Bengal, India. Among total 14079 neonates included in the study, prevalence of congenital malformations was 2.3%. In the present study cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and genitourinary system were found to be most commonly involved. Different maternal risk factors were also studied as well as the role of preventive interventional strategies. This study helps us to know the pattern of congenital malformation in this part of country.

Key Words: Congenital malformations; cross-sectional study; observational study; prevalence and pattern of malformations; India

[1]. Turnpenny P, Ellard S: Congenital Abnormalities. Emerys' element of Medical Genetics 12th edition ; Edinburgh; Elseviers-Churchill livingstone ; 2005:1-5
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[6]. Nelson text book of pediatrics: 19th Edition

Abstract: The craniovertebral junction (CVJ) consists of complex anatomy of osseous, ligamentous and neurovascular structures including multiple lower cranial nerves. CVJ may be congenital, developmental or due to malformation secondary to any acquired disease process. These anomalies can lead to neural and vascular compromise, obstructive hydrocephalus and cerebrospinal fluid dynamics. Aims and Objectives: To outline normal anatomy, normal variants, to arrange frequently detected CVJ abnormalities and emphasize clinical implications to improve our radiological report.

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region. J Anat 1983; 136:18195.
[6] Arey LB: Developmental Anatomy. A Textbook and Laboratory Manual of Embryology, 7th ed. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1965, pp
404–40.

Abstract: Introduction: Gall stone is the most common biliary pathology both in India and western countries . In UK prevalence of gall stone is approximately 17% at the autopsy and it may be increasing . In India high prevalence is reported in northern population . Aim of present study is to know the incidence pattern of gall stone at our institute . Aims and objective: To find out the changing incidence of gallstones in various group of patients admitted at Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi.

[1]. Brett M, Barker DJ: The world distribution of gall stones. Int J Epidemiol; 5:335, 1976.
[2]. Schwartz Principles of Surgery 9th ed. 2010; 32:1142-45.
[3]. Bellows CF, Berger DH, Crass RA: Management of gall stones. Am Fam physian 72:637, 2005.
[4]. Selvaraju R. et al, FTIR Spectroscopic Analysis of Human Gall stones, Romanian J.Biophys, 2008;18(4):309-316.
[5]. Blumgart L.H."Gall stones and gall bladder". Textbook of Surgery of liver and biliary tract, LH Blumgart, Y FONG, Harcourt Publishers,2002 vol. 1;chap:617-791.

Abstract: Background: Dietary habits are one of the modifiable risk factors for nutrition related health problems during adolescence. Objective: The study was conducted to assess the eating habits and nutritional status of adolescent rural school girls and to determine the association between nutritional status with eating habits and socio-demographic characteristics.

[1] WHO. Adolescent health. Adolescent development [Internet]. [cited 2015 Nov 26]. Available from: http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/topics/adolescence/dev/en/.
[2] UNICEF. Progress for children A report card on adolescents [Internet]. New York: 2012 Apr [cited 2015 Nov 26]. Available from: http://www.unicef.org/media/files/PFC2012_A_report_card_on_adolescents.pdf.
[3] French S a., Lin BH, Guthrie JF. National trends in soft drink consumption among children and adolescents age 6 to 17 years: Prevalence, amounts, and sources, 1977/1978 to 1994/1998. J Am Diet Assoc. 2003; 103(10):1326-31.
[4] Chatterjee P. India sees parallel rise in malnutrition and obesity. Lancet. 2002; 360:1948.
[5] Monteiro C a, D'A Benicio MH, Conde WL, Popkin BM. Shifting obesity trends in Brazil. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2000;54: 342-6.
[6] Popkin BM, Lu B, Zhai F. Understanding the nutrition transition: measuring rapid dietary changes in transitional countries. Public Health Nutr. 2002; 5:947-53.

Abstract: Intussusception is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in infants and young children. In the present retrospective analysis of surgically treated children of intussusception, a total of 110 children (76 Males and 34 females with the ratio of 2.2:1) were treated. The median age of patients was 9 months, iliocolic type was the commonest with 89 patients (80.9 %). Majority of patients (52.72 %) presented after 72 hours of the onset of symptoms. Children with intussusception who had a failed hydroreduction and those presented late after 72 hours after the initiation of symptoms and patients with unfavorable abdominal signs were subjected to surgical treatment. All cases were subjected to open manual reduction, and the rate of bowel resection was 9.09 % (10 of 110 patients, lead point pathology was found in 3 patients (Meckel's diverticulum), there was no early recurrence and mortality following the surgery.

Key words: Intussusception, manual reduction, bowel resection, lead point pathology, Meckel's diverticulum.

[1]. Soomro S, Mughal SA. Intestinal Obstruction in Children. Journal of Surgery Pakistan (International) 2013;18 (1) January – March:20-23.
[2]. Pujari AA, Methi RN, Khare N. Acute gastrointestinal emergencies requiring surgery in children.Afr J PaediatrSurg 2008;5:61-4.
[3]. Saleem MM, Al-Momani H, Abu Khalaf M. Intussusception: Jordan University Hospital experience. Hepatogastroenterology2008;55:1356-9.
[4]. Bines J, Ivanoff B. Acute intussusception in infants and children: incidence, clinical presentation and management: a global perspective. Report 02.19. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2002
[5]. Stringer MD, Pablot SM, Brereton RJ. Paediatric intussusception. Br J Surg 1992;79:867-76.
[6]. Bajaj L, Roback MG. Postreduction management of intussusception in a children's hospital emergency department. Pediatrics 2003;112:1302-7

Abstract: Tooth transposition is a relatively rare developmental anomaly of the teeth characterized by a positional interchange of a permanent tooth leading to distortion in the alignment of the affected segment, a midline shift, and malocclusion of the teeth. In the general population, the prevalence of this anomaly has been reported to be below 1% in most investigations. Aim: To investigate the prevalence of tooth transposition in a sample of Arab Israel(Arab48) dental patients. Study Design: Epidemiological study. Time And Place Of Action: , Time period 2006-2015,Arab Israel population

[1]. Peck, L., Peck, S., Attia, Y. Maxillary canine–first premolar transposition, associated dental anomalies and genetic basis. Angle Orthod 1993; 63: 99-109.
[2]. Harris CA. A dictionary of dental sciences, bi-ography, bibliography and medical terminology. Philadelphia: Lindsay and Blakis-ton. 1849:725.
[3]. Shapira Y and Kuftinec MM. Maxillary canine-lateral incisor transposition. Am J Ortho. 1989 ; 95 : 5439 – 444
[4]. Shapira Y and Kuftinec MM. Orthodontic management of mandibular canine-incisor transposition. Am J ortho. 1983; 83 (4): 271 – 276.
[5]. Yýlmaz HH, Tu¨rkkahraman H and O¨ Sayýn M. Prevalence of tooth transpositions and associated dental anomalies in a Turkish population. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology. 2005; 34: 32–35.
[6]. 6.Heliovaara A, Ranta R, Rautio J. Dental abnormalities in permanent dentition in children with submucous cleft palate. Acta Odontol Scand 2004;62:129-31.

Abstract: Tooth eruption is a process whereby the forming tooth migrates from its intraosseous location in the jaw to its functional position within the oral cavity. Ectopic eruption is one of the problems that arise during the transitional dentition period. In this report, the ectopic eruption case was successfully treated with with Halterman type appliance in 2 months. This case report demonstrates that a could with Halterman type appliance provide many benefits over other traditional treatment modalities and thus could be used for correcting ectopic eruption at an early age.

Keywords: Ectopic eruption, permanent maxillary first molar, Halterman Appliance

[1]. Kupietzky, A. (2000). Correction of ectopic eruption of permanent molars utilizing the brass wiretechnique. Pediatric Dentistry, 22(5), 408-412.
[2]. Graber TM. Preventive orthodontics. In: Graber TM, editor. Orthodontics principles and practice, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company; 2001. p. 627-67.
[3]. Kurol, J., & Bjerklin, K. (1982). Resorption of maxillary second primary molars caused by ectopic eruption of the maxillary first permanent molar: A longitudinal and histological study. ASDCJournal of Dentistry for Children, 49(4), 273-279
[4]. Chapman, H. (1923). First upper permanent molar partially impacted against second deciduous molars. Internat. J. Orthodont., Oral Surg. and Radiog., 9, 339- 345.
[5]. Chintakanon K, Boonpinon P. (1998). Ectopic eruption of the first permanent molars: Prevalence and etiologic factors. Angle Orthod., 68(2):153-160.

Abstract: Oligodontia is the congenital absence of six or more than six teeth in either permanent or primary dentition. Because of the missing teeth in these patients esthetic, functional and psychological problems may arise. This article reports a three rare cases of non-syndromic oligodontia.

Key words: oligodontia, hypodontia, severe partial anodontia

[1]. Abu-Hussein M., Watted N., Abdulgani N. , Alterman M.; Non-Syndromic Oligodontia: A Rare Case Report, jmscr2015,3(5), 5649-5655
[2]. Singer SL, Henry PJ, Lander ID. A Treatment Planning Classification For Oligodontia. Int J Prosthodont 2010;23:99-106.
[3]. Bergendal B, Klar J, Stecksén-Blicks C, Norderyd J, Dahl N. Isolated oligodontia associated with mutations in EDARADD, AXIN2, MSX1 and PAX9 genes. Am J Med GenetA2011;155:1616-22.
[4]. Vijay kumar Biradar, Surekha Biradar. Non-Syndromic Oligodontia: Report of Two Cases and Literature Review . International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology.2012;3:48-51
[5]. Mostowska, A., Kobielak, A., Trzeciak, W.H. Molecular basis of non-syndromic tooth agenesis: mutations of MSX1 and PAX9 reflect their role in patterning human dentition, Eur. J. Oral Sci.,2003; 111: 365-70
[6]. Abu-Hussein M., Watted N., Watted A., Abu-Hussein Y, Yehia M .Awadi O. , Abdulgani A .; Prevalence of Tooth Agenesis in Orthodontic Patients at Arab Population in Israel, International Journal of Public Health Research ,2015; 3(3): 77-82.

Abstract: A sample of 914 children (421males and 49 females) aged 4 and 5 yers old Was randomly selected from different kindergarten in sulaimani city to determine the prevalence and severity of dental caries, gingivitis and enamel Defect in relation to nutritional status and to determine the relation of these oral variables to age , gender. The assessment of nutritional status was performed using anthropometric Measurement. Diagnosis and recording of dental caries and enamel defect were According to the criteria of WHO 1987 and 1997 respectively. Plaque index of Silness and LÖe (1964) and calculus index of Ram fjord (1964) were applied to Assess oral cleanliness. Gingival index of LÖe and Silness (1963) were used for recording gingival health condition.

[1]. Nizel A and Papas A. Nutrition in clinical dentistry. 3ͬ ͩ ed. W B Saunders Company, Philadelphia, London; 1989:66.
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[3]. Agarwal KN, Narual MMA, Faridi, Karla N . Deciduous dentition and enamel defect. Indian pediatrics. 2003; 40:124-129.
[4]. Singh NS, Sikri V, Singh P. To study the average age of eruption of primary dentition in Amristar and surrounding area. Journal of Indian Dental Association.2000;71:96.
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Abstract: Nutritional requirements increase many fold in pregnancy. Of the nutrients iron supplementation requires special attention to meet the growing demands of pregnancy. Oral iron therapy has poor compliance due to gastric side effects. Iron sucrose has been proved safe and efficacious in pregnancy. The aim of our study is to compare iron sucrose with ferrous ascorbate for prophylactic iron therapy in pregnancy in terms of Hb% rise, side effects, compliance and cost of therapy.
Methodology: 100 pregnant women fulfilling the inclusion criteria between 20-24 weeks were selected& divided into 2 groups 50 each. Group A was allocated to use 3 doses of Iron sucrose, each dose 200 mg in 100 ml normal saline as infusion over 15 – 20 min at 20 – 27, 28 – 32, & 33 – 36 weeks respectively & Group B was allocated to use oral ferrous ascorbate 100 mg tablet once daily at bed time. All pregnant mothers were followed till 40 weeks.

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Abstract: Objective: Aim of this study is to define ascariasis and other gastrointestinal helminthes, its relation to anemia and eosinophilia at Qena Governorate, Egypt. Methods: We performed a prospective evaluation of 798 patients their age from 2 -65 years old from January 2014 to January 2015.Fecal samples were collected from all patients and examined by direct smears, Kato Katz technique and Formol ether concentration technique according Examination was done under X10 objective, higher magnification was used for further confirmation. Blood samples were collected for complete blood count (CBC). Hemoglobin level less than11.5 mg/dL was used to define anemia. Eosinophilia was defined as an eosinophils count of greater than or equal to 500 cells/μL. The present study was previously approved by the Ethical Health Committee by the Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population.

1. Nyarango M Robert , Peninah A Aloo , Ephantus W Kabiru and Benson O Nyanchongi, The risk of pathogenic intestinal parasite infections in Kisii Municipality, Kenya. BMC Public Health, 2008. 8: p. 237.
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Abstract: Sacrum consists of 4 to 7 pieces. Variation in the number of sacral pieces may be produced by sacralization or lumbarization. A sacralized L5 vertebra will give rise to a sacrum with 6 pieces whereas a completely lumbarized S1 will reduce the number of sacral pieces to 4. The first coccygeal piece may also be incorporated into the sacrum to produce a sacrum with 6 pieces. Lumbarization and sacralization are arise because of abnormal development of the vertebrae in this region and are usually associated with low back pain. The aim of the study was to study variation in the number of sacral pieces. Thirty dry human sacra were taken up for the study. The number of sacral pieces varied from 4 to 6. The incidences of sacra with 4, 5 and 6 pieces were 6.7%, 66.7% and 20% respectively.

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[2] Jancuska JM, Spivak JM, Bendo JA. A review of symptomatic lumbosacral transitional vertebrae: Bertolotti's syndrome. International Journal of Spine Surgery, 9, 2015, 42.

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[4] Shewale SN, Laeeque M, Kulkarni PR, Diwan CV. Morphological and morphometrical study of sacral hiatus. International Journal of Recent Trends in Science and Technology, 6(1), 2013, 48-52.

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Abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV/AIDS) have given more importance to tuberculosis, which was discovered a century ago.HIV infection is the most important factor for the development of tuberculosis. Initially Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia among homosexual men was discovered. The risk for patients with AIDS developing TB is 170 times higher and risk for death reported to be twice that HIV infected patients without TB.HIV infection suppresses the immune system, making patients susceptible to opportunistic infections (OIs), with high mortality worldwide. Latency and reactivation of tuberculosis is similar to reactivation of Burkholderiapseudomallei,cryptococcosis, and histoplasmosis. Cellular immunity impairment is a predisposing factor to development of clinical disease.

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ofInfectious Diseases,7thed.MandellGL,BennettJE,Dolin R(editors),Churchill Livingstone Elsevier.2010,p.3129-3163.
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Abstract: Background: Occupational exposure to blood & body fluids are very common in health care setting. Strategies to reduce such exposure in a systematic way can improve the health outcome both for professionals & patients. Objectives: To assess the status of occupational exposure among nurses & measures undertaken following exposure in a tertiary health centre of Manipur Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among all the nursing staffs in a tertiary health care centre of Manipur during October 2011 to September 2013. Respondents were purposively selected and data were collected using structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics like percentage was used to describe the findings using SPSS version 20.

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