iosr-JDMS   Volume-14 ~ Issue-12 ~ December-2015

Abstract: Unsafe abortions have devastating effects on women's health. Despite the liberalization of abortion services since the enactment of the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971 the rate of unsafe abortion is high in developing countries. This study was conducted to access the knowledge, attitude and practice of medical abortion in Indian women. This is a cross sectional study, carried out from August 2010 to July 2012. In our study we found that most common cause of medical abortion is failure of contraception (38.1%) followed by unplanned pregnancy (32.38%). Most patients got information about medicine from media (45.55%) and family members (18.85%) . Most women were prescribed medicine by their family members (37.14%) and chemist (42.38%). Only 10.48% women took medicine after doctor's prescription. Most patients took medicine at home (89.5%) and arrived to the hospital after complication arose. To conclude, there is a need to increase awareness and availability of safe abortion services in general population. There is also a need to increase knowledge about availability of various contraceptive methods and their correct method of use among couples so as to decrease the number of unwanted pregnancies which leads to unsafe abortion.

Key words: Unsafe abortions, Medical termination of pregnancy

[1]. World Health Orgnization (WHO : Unsafe abortion global and regional estimates of the incidence of unsafe abortion and associated mortality in 2008. -- 6th ed. [2]. Unsafe abortion incidence and mortality. Global and regional levels in 2008 and trends during 1990 –2008
[3]. World Health Organization (WHO), Unsafe Abortion: Global and Regional Estimates of the Incidence of Unsafe Abortion andAssociated Mortality in 2003, 5th ed. (2007)
[4]. Roychowdhury U B, Guharoy D, Roy A and Basak S. Termination of pregnancy in adolescence; J. Indian Acad Forensic Med. 2008; 30(4): 145-48.
[5]. B.C. Shivakumar, D. Vishvanath, P.C. Srivastava. A Profile of Abortion Cases in a Tertiary Care Hospital J Indian Acad Forensic Med. Jan-Mar 2011, Vol. 33, No. 1;33-38
[6]. Guleria K, Bansal S, Agarwal N, Grover V. Women with septic abortion: who, how and why? A prospective study from tertiary care hospital in India. Indian J Public Health. 2006 Apr- Jun;50(2):95-6.
[7]. Bahadur A, Mittal S, Sharma J B, Sehgal R. Sociodemographic profile of women undergoing abortion in tertiary centre. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2008; 278:329-32.

Abstract: Background: Dentine hypersensitivity is characterized by short, sharp pain arising from exposed dentine in response to stimuli typically thermal, evaporative, tactile, osmotic or chemical which cannot be ascribed to any other form of dental defect or pathology. The management of this condition requires a good understanding of the complexity of the problem, as well as the variety of treatments available. Aim: To evaluate and to compare the efficacy of two different desensitizing agents in dentin hypersensitivity using Acidulated NaF gel (0.33%NaF) and NovaMin paste.

[1]. Carlo GT, Ciancio SG, Seyrek SK.1982. An evaluation of iontophoretic application of fluoride for tooth desensitization. J Am Dent Assoc105:452-454.
[2]. Purra AR, Mushtaq M, Acharya SR, Saraswati V.2014.A comparative evaluation of propolis and 5.0% potassium nitrate as a dentine desensitizer: A clinical study. J Indian Soc Periodontol;18:466-71.
[3]. Shendre AA, Gattani DR, Jayaraman P.2013.Comparative evaluation of acidulated sodium fluoride gel 0.33% (iontophoresis) with hydroxy-ethyl methacrylate with glutaraldehyde as a desensitizing agent in dentinal hypersensitivity patients: A clinical study. SRM J Res Dent Sci;4:143-9.
[4]. Gangarosa LP, Park NH.1978Practical considerations in iontophoresis of fluoride for desensitizing dentin. J Prosthet Dent;39:173-8.
[5]. Berman LH. Dentinal sensation and hypersensitivity.1985.A review of mechanisms and treatment alternatives. J Periodontol;56:216-22.

Abstract: Anemia in pregnancy is a main challenge worldwide particularly in developing countries1. Maternal anaemia influences perinatal outcomes such as risk of low birth weight, mode of delivery2,3. Maternal anemia is one of the most common medical problem in India and has varied in etiology and severity. Anemia in pregnancy is defined as Hemoglobin less than 11g/dL according to WHO. Several research have reported an association between anemia in pregnancy and low birth weight but many limitations have complicated the interpretation of the result.

[1]. World Health Organization. The prevalence of anaemia in women: atabulation of available information. 2nd ed. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1992.
[2]. Cunningham FG, Gant NF, Leveno KJ, Gilstrap LC, Hauth JC, Wenstrom KD. Williams Obstetrics. 21sted. McGraw-Hill. 2001;1308–16.
[3]. Amalia L A, Drora F B, Miriam Katz C, Moshe M C, Eyal S. Maternal anemia during pregnancy is an independent risk factor for low birthweight and preterm delivery. EJOGRB. Elsevier Ireland Ltd 2005; 122:182–6.
[4]. Bondevik GT, Lie RT, Ulstein M, Kvale G. Maternal hematological status and risk of low birth weight and preterm delivery in Nepal. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2001;80:402–8.
[5]. Ren A., Wang J., Ye R.W., Li S., Liu J.M., Z. Li. Low first–trimester hemoglobin and low birth weight, preterm birth and small for gestational age newborns. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2007;98:124-8.

Abstract: Aim and Objective: Omentin-1 is a novel adipokine expressed in visceral adipose tissue and has been reported to be negatively associated with insulin resistance (IR). The present study aimed at assessing the correlation of serum Omentin-1 with IR in Type II Diabetes mellitus patients as measured by Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-IR). There has been very few reports (if any) from Indian subcontinent on the role of Omentin in IR. Materials and Methods: It is a case control study, fifty cases of Type II DM patients and equal number of age and sex matched controls were included in the study. Fasting serum Omentin, fasting serum insulin were estimated by ELISA using commercially available ELISA kit and fasting blood sugar by glucose oxidase method by using EM360 autoanalyzer. HOMA-IR score was calculated as HOMA-IR = [Fasting Glucose (mg/dl) × Fasting Insulin (μIU/ml)] / 405. Serum Omentin-1 was correlated with FBS, serum insulin and HOMA-IR using SPSS version-20.

[1]. Gerich J.E:The genetic basis of type IIdiabetes mellitus:Impaired insulin secretion versus impaired insulin sensitivity,1998; Endoer
Rev 491-503.
[2]. Chan JC, Malik V, Jia W, et al. Diabetes in Asia :Epidemiology, risk factors, and Pathophysiology.JAMA 2009;301:2129-40.
[3]. Ramachandran A,Wan Ma RC, Snehalata C. Diabetes in Asia. Lancet 2010;375:408-18.
[4]. International Diabetes Federation,IDF Diabetes Atias. Sixth Edition Poster update2014(17/12/2014)
[5]. Rong-Ze Yang, et al., Idnetification of Omentin as a novel depot-specific adipokine in human adipose tissue: possible role in
modulating insulin action, Am. J. Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 2006, 290: E1253-E1261.
[6]. Turner RC, Holman RR, Matthews D, Hockaday TD,Peto J (1979). Insulin deficiency and insulin resistance interaction in
diabetes:estimation of their relative contribution by feedback analysis from basal plasma insulin and glucose concentrations.
metabolism 28 (11): 1086-96.doi:10.1016/0026-0495(79)90146-X.PMID 386029

Abstract: Introduction: Insertion of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) requires sufficient depth of anesthesia for jaw muscles to relax and suppression of airway reflexes for the device to be tolerated within the hypopharynx without undue coughing, gagging, and patient movement.Various induction agents and their combinations have been used to facilitate its insertion with least side effects. The present study is designed to compare the haemodynamics and conditions to facilitate the insertion of the LMA with the two most commonly used agents- thiopentone and propofol, after adequate pre-induction doses of midazolam, fentanyl and intra-venous lignocaine. Materials: The study was conducted at Government General Hospital, Guntur Medical College, Guntur.A prospective randomized double blind study was conducted on 60 patients of ASA1&2between the age group of 18-60 yrs undergoing elective minor surgical procedures under general anaesthesia. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of 30 each.

[1]. Liu, Xiao-Bo, et al. "Target propofol concentration required for laryngeal mask airway insertion after pretreatment with dexmedetomidine." African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 7.27 (2013): 1907-1910.
[2]. Mathis, Michael R., et al. "Failure of the Laryngeal Mask Airway Unique™ and Classic™ in the Pediatric Surgical Patient: A Study of Clinical Predictors and Outcomes." Anesthesiology (2013).
[3]. Ng, Shin Yi, Ki Jinn Chin, and Tong KiatKwek. "Decrease in white blood cell counts after thiopentone barbiturate therapy for refractory intracranial hypertension: A common complication." Journal of neurosciences in rural practice 4.Suppl 1 (2013): S31.
[4]. Brain AIJ. The laryngeal mask – A new concept in airway management. Br J Anaesth. 1983; 55: 801-804.
[5]. Bimla Sharma, JayashreeSood, V.P. Kumra. Uses of LMA in present day anaesthesia. J AnaesthClin Pharmacology 2007; 23(1): 5-15.
[6]. VandanaTalwar, Rajesh Pattanayak, Sujesh Bansal. Comparison of propofol versus thiopentone for facilitation of laryngeal mask insertion. J AnaesthClin Pharmacol 2004; 20(1): 33-38.

Abstract: The etiologies of thrombocytopenia are diverse. The most common causes of thrombocytopenia are idiopathic (immune) thrombocytopenia purpura, leukemia, aplastic anemia, bone marrow infiltration, hypersplenism, disseminated lupus erythematosus. However in hospital where this study was done it was noted that microbiological causes were found in majority of thrombocytopenia cases. Prospective analysis of all thrombocytopenic blood samples received in clinical pathology laboratory from various departments of Sir Takhtasinhji Hospital, Bhavnagar was carried out during the period from 1st October to 30th November 2014. Most common cause of thrombocytopenia was malaria (21.2%) followed by viral fever (14.8%) and dengue fever (10.4%).

[1]. Harrison P, Briggs C, Machin SJ. Platelet Counting Methods in Molecular Biology, springer link.2004; Vol: 272 (1); 29-46.
[2]. Bhalra SK, Shah S, Goswami H, Gonsai RN et al. Thrombocytopenia in adult. International journal of medical sciences & public
health. 2015;14(1):7-10
[3]. Shrivani N, Srujana S, Krishna L, Shravankumar O et al. Evaluation of 303 cases of thrombocytopenia. Indian journal of
mednodent& allied Sciences. Nov 2014; 2(3):255-260
[4]. Alam M, Mubarik A, Ahmed M et al. Clinical spectrum of thrombocytopenia in adult population of Karachi. J CollPhysiansSurg
Pak. 2001;11(10):603
[5]. Ross C, Manohar S, Ray S et al. A Clinical study of thrombocytopenia. JAPI. 1991;39(1): 59.
[6]. Jadhav UM, Patkar VS, Kadam NN. Thrombocytopenia in malaria- Correlation with type & severity of malaria. JAPI. 2004;52:615-
618.

Abstract: Germ cell tumors account for nearly 15-20% of all ovarian neoplasms with cystic teratomas being the most common (approximately 95%)1. Dermoids are relatively soft masses and are frequently either missed or underestimated in size as they may be difficult to palpate on physical examination. The gross pathological changes are extremely variable, inconsistent and unpredictable since dermoids are composed of tissue elements derived from all three layers with varying degrees of differentiation. Depending on the extent and admixture of their epithelial elements, the ultrasound patterns can vary as this markedly variable internal composition is responsible for their wide spectrum of ultrasound findings2.

[1]. Kurman RJ. Blaustein's Pathology of the female genital tract, 4thedn. New York, Springer-Verlag. 1994.
[2]. Sandler MA, Silver TM, Karo JJ. Grey-scale ultrasonic features of ovarian teratomas. Radiology 1979;131:705-9.
[3]. Moyle JW, Rochester D, Siler L et al. Sonography of ovarian tumors; predictability of tumor type. AJR 1983;141:985-91.
[4]. Sheth S, Fishman EK, Burke JL et al. Variable sonographic appearances of ovarian teratomas : Correlation with CT. AJR1988;151:331-4
[5]. Mais V, Guerriero S, Ajossa S, et al, Transvaginal sonography in the diagnosis of cystic teratoma. ObstetGynecol 1995;85:48-52.
[6]. Guttgman PH. In search of the elusive benign cystic ovarian teratomas-application of ultrasound "tip of the iceberg" sign. J ClinUltrasound 1977;5:403-6.

Abstract: The juxta-articular and intra-articular fracture of distal radius is a common fracture around wrist joint. The treatment by external fixation using the principle of ligamento-taxis by which the longitudinal distraction force is converted to a compressive force to achieve good congruity of the wrist joint. Hence, the present study was taken up to find out the efficacy of the procedure in 116 cases of which 100 cases the external fixture is applied. The results from radiological and clinical evaluation is compared with other studies.
Keywords: Ligamento-taxis, Intra-articular, fracture of wrist

1]. Agee JM. External fixation -Technical advances based upon multiplaner ligamentotaxis. Orthop Clin North Am. 1993; 24: 265
[2]. Chan BK, Leong LSC, Low CO, See HF. The use of the external fixator in the treatment of intra-articular fractures of the distal
radius. Singapore Med J. 1999; 40(06): 234-9.
[3]. Deshmukh SC, Kumar D, Mathur K, Thomas B. Complex fracturedislocation
of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the hand.
Results of a modified pins and rubbers traction system. J Bone Joint Surg (Br). 2004 Apr;86(3):406-12.
[4]. Lipton HA, Wollstien R. Operative treatment of intra-articular distal radius fractures. Clin Orthop. 1996; 327: 110-124.
[5]. Altissimi M, Antenucci R et al. Long term results of conservative treatment of fractures of the distal radius. Clin Orthop. 1986; 206:
202-
210.
[6]. Bartosh RA, Saldana MJ. Intraarticular fractures of the distal radius: A cadaveric study to determine if ligamentotaxis restores
radiopalmar tilt. J Hand Surg (Am). 1990; 15: 18-21.
[7]. Klien W, Dee W, Rieger H et al. Results of transarticular fixator application in distal radius fractures. Injury. 2000; 31(suppl 1): 71-
77.

Abstract: The relationship between periodontal and pulpal disease was first described by Simring and Goldberg in 1964.The endo- perio lesion is a condition caused due to cross infection between the root canal and periodontal ligament via various anatomic and non-physiologic pathways. In treatment of endo-perio lesion it is important to do a thorough diagnostic examination to decide a proper course of treatment.The present article is a case report on primary endodontic and secondary periodontic lesion treated with a combination therapy of PRF (Platelet Rich Fibrin) and DFDBA (Demineralized Freeze Dried Bone Allograft).

Keywords: Endo- perio lesion, PRF, DFDBA.

[1]. Hacer A,Serper A. A case series associated with different kinds of endo perio lesions. J Clin Exp Dent.2014;6(1):91-95.
[2]. Ammons W, Harrington GW . The Periodontic-Endodontic Continuum in Newman M, Takei H, Klollevold PR, Carranza F. Clinical Periodontology.10th edition. Elsevier publication,Missouri;2010:871-879.
[3]. Shenoy N, Shenoy A. Endo-perio lesions: Diagnosis and clinical considerations. Indian J Dent Res.2010; 21(4):579-585. [4]. Schhallhorn and McClain. Combined osseous composite grafting, root conditioning and guided tissure regeneration. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent.1988;4: 9-31.
[5]. Anderegg C. Mellonig J. Clinical evaluation of the use of decalcified freeze dried bone allograft with guided tissue regeneration in the treatment of molar furcation area. J Periodontol. 1991;62: 264-268.
[6]. Nanavati B,Bhavsar NV,Mali J. Endo Periodontal Lesion – A Case Report. J Adv Oral Research . 2013 ; 4(1):23-27.
[7]. Mittal A , Khan S, Singh RK. Combined Endo-Perio Lesion in an Anterior Tooth, its Management & Resolution - A Case Report. Journal of dentofacial sciences.2013;2(2):9-12.

Abstract: Introduction: Regional anaesthesia using paravertebral block has been suggested as an ideal adjunct to general anaesthesia for thoracic and abdominal surgeries. The duration and efficacy of postoperative analgesia and hemodynamic stability of equal doses of Bupivacaine with Dexamethasone and 0.5% Bupivacaine with Clonidine through single space Para vertebral block in thoracic and abdominal surgeries was evaluated

[1]. Quinn A, Brown J, Wallace P, Asbury A. Studies in postoperative sequelae: Nausea and vomiting- still a problem. Anaesthesia 1994;49:62-65.
[2]. Richardson J, Sabanathan S. Thoracic paravertebral analgesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scanda 1995;39: 1005- 10 15.
[3]. Bonica J. Local anaesthesia and regional blocks. 2nd ed. New York:Churchill Livingstone, 1989
[4]. Bigler D, Dirkes W, Hansen R. Effects of thoracic paravertebral block with bupivacaine and morphine and pulmonary function after cholecystectomy. Acta Anaesthesiol Scanda 1989;33:56 1-564.
[5]. Kirvela O, Antila H. Thoracic paravertebral block in chronic postoperative pain. Regional Anaes 1992; 17:348-350.
[6]. Peterson DO. Shoulder block anaesthesia for shoulder reconstruction surgery. Anesth Analg 1985;64:373-375.
[7]. Shrestha BR, Maharjan SK, Tabedar S et al., Supraclavicular brachial plexus block with and without dexamethasone - a comparative study. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ). 2003 Jul-Sep;1(3):158-60

Abstract: Various studies have indicated that peptic ulcers occurring during the course of diabetic state are more severe and often associated with complications such as gastrointestinal bleeding. This study is an attempt to understand the pathogenesis of indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers occurring during the diabetic state using suitable markers and its amelioration by quercetin and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). In this study, diabetic rats showed an increase in the gastric mucosal levels of Molandialdehyde (MDA), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), BAX and p53 and a decrease in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) as compared to normal control (non-diabetic) rats. There was an increase in gastric ulcer index and gastric ulcer lesions in diabetic gastric mucosa when compared to the normal control group. Pre-treatment with quercetin and\or CoQ10 to normal groups or diabetic groups which treated by indomethacin caused a significant decrease in gastric ulcer index, MDA, iNOS, IL-6, TNF-α, BAX and p53 with concomitant increase in SOD activity when compared with normal and diabetic rats treated with indomethacin alone. So quercetin and CoQ10 are effective in protection against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in normal and diabetic rats. Our findings could bring new hope for a novel modality of gastric ulcer treatment.

[1]. Vador N, Jagtap AG, and Damle A, Vulnerability of Gastric Mucosa in Diabetic Rats, Its Pathogenesis and Amelioration by Cuminum cyminum, Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 74(5), 2012, 387-396.
[2]. Mayty, P.; Biswas, K.; Roy, S.; Barnergee, R. K. and Bandyopadhyay, U., Smoking and pathogenesis of gastroduodenal ulcerrecent mechanistic update, Mol. Cell. Biochem.,253, 2003, 329-338.
[3]. Calam, J. and Baron, J. H., Pathophysiology of duodenal and gastric ulcer and gastric cancer, Brit Med J., 323, 2001, 980-983.
[4]. Singh LP, Sharma AV and Swarnakar S, Upregulation of collagenase-1 and -3 in indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in diabetic rats: role of melatonin, J. Pineal Res, 51, 2011, 61–74.
[5]. Bandyopadhyay, D.; Biswas, K.; Bhattacharyya, M.; Reiter, R.J. and Banerjee, R.K, Involvement of reactive oxygen species in gastric ulceration, protection by melatonin, Indian J. Exp. Biol.,40, 2002, 693-705.

Abstract: The health services in higher institutions are to aid in providing treatment, information and education about health. Unfortunately, services available are not being utilized appropriately. Assessment of utilization is a main approach to understand the functioning of the health services. This study aimed to know the behavioural pattern and factors that influence the utilization of available health services among undergraduates. Method: This was a cross sectional descriptive study of 250 undergraduates selected using random sampling technique from four faculties out of thirteen faculties in the institution. Self-administered pre-tested questionnaires were used to gather information from the participants.

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States. Milbank Quarterly, 83(4). DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-0009.2005.00428.x
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health and substance abuse services. Paediatrics, 97(3): 318-330.
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20(11):1610-1614

Abstract: Marfansyndrome is a heritable connective tissue disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with complete penetrance. There is involvement of cardiovascular, ocular, skeletal, pulmonarysystem, skin and dura.1 There is mutations in FBN1 gene, which encodes large Glycoprotein, fibrillin.1.2 Cardiovascular manifestations include valvular disease involving either mitral valve, aortic valve, or both. Aortic regurgitation can result from distortion of aortic valve cusps due to enlarged aortic root occurring in 15% to 44% of patients.

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[2]. Sakai LY, Keene DR, Engvall E. Fibrillin, a new 350-kD glycoprotein, is a component of extracellular microfibrils. J Cell Biol.
1986;103:2499 –2509.
[3]. Finkbohner R, Johnston D, Crawford ES,Coselli J, Milewicz DM. Marfan syndrome:long-term survival and complications
afteraortic aneurysm repair. Circulation. 1995;91:728 –733.
[4]. Silverman DI, Burton KJ, Gray J, BosnerMS, Kouchoukos NT, Roman MJ, Boxer M,Devereux RB, Tsipouras P. Life expectancyin
the Marfan syndrome. Am J Cardiol.1995;75:157–160.
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Marfansyndrome. Arch Dis Child. 2001;84:129–137.
[6]. Davies RR, Goldstein LJ, Coady MA, TittleSL, Rizzo JA, Kopf GS, Elefteriades JA.Yearly rupture or dissection rates forthoracic
aortic aneurysms: simplepredictionbased on size. Ann Thorac Surg. 2002;73:17–27.

Abstract: The problem caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria is on the increase worldwide creating the need to look into all measures aimed at control. Isolates of MRSA and Acinetobacter baumanniiwereobtained from the microbiology laboratory of the King Faisal University College of Medicine. They were sub-cultured on blood and MacConkey agar respectively and exposed to ultra violet radiation for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 seconds and the experiment was carried out in triplicates. Two sets of control experiments were set up, control one had the bacteria inoculated petri dish covered before exposure to UV radiation and the second control was not exposed
to UV radiation. All experimental UV radiation exposed bacterial cultures and the controls were then incubated at 37°C for 24 hours.

[1]. Angélica GPM, André LB, Andréa FR, Luís AS, and Paulo CA (2013). Effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the abundance and
respiration rates of probiotic bacteria. Aquaculture Research 44(2): 261–267,
[2]. Djurdjevic-Milosevic DM, Solaja MM, Topalic-Trivunovic LJN, Stijepic MJ, Glusac JR. (2011). The survival of Escherichia coli
upon exposure to irradiation with non-coherent polychromatic polarized light. VeterinarniMedicina56(10): 520–527
[3]. Paul H, Marı´a TP, Ruben S. (2011). Contrasting effects of ultraviolet radiation on the growth efficiency of freshwater bacteria.
Aquat. Ecol. 45:125–136
[4]. Michelle M, Scott JM, John GA, Gerry W (2009).Inactivation of Bacterial Pathogens following Exposure to Light from a405-
Nanometer Light-Emitting Diode Array. Appld. Environ. Micro. 75(7): 1932–1937
[5]. Ritter MA, Olberding EM, Malinzak RA. (2009). Ultraviolet lighting during orthopaedic surgery and the rate of infection. J. Bone
Joint. Surg. Am. 89(9): 1935 – 40.
[6]. Schrier A, Greebel G, Attia H, Trokel et al., (2009). In vitro antimicrobial efficacy of riboflavin and ultraviolet light on
Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J. Refract. Surg. 25(9): 799 –
802.

Abstract: Trichobezoar is a mass of swallowed hair accumulating in the stomach that is usually seen in young females with psychiatric illnesses. Case Report: We report the case of a teenage female with a huge trichobezoar who presented with weight loss and was managed by laparoscopic removal. Conclusion: Laparoscopic approach for removal of large trichobezoars is a good alternative to open surgery with lesser post-operative complications and hospital stay.
Keywords: Trichobezoar, laparoscopy.

[1]. Felipe Cardoso Della Bidia, Pedro Bastos Guimarães de Almeida, Heleno Pinto de Moraes, Marcos Filgueiras, Ricardo Zorron.
Laparoscopic Treatment of Gastric Trichobezoar. Bras. J. Video-Sur. 2008; volume 1(4): 178-181.
[2]. Bartolomucci AC, Marotta A, Santos EM. Gastric-duodenum-jejune trichobezoar: videolaparoscopic management. Rev.
Col. Bras. Cir. 2004 ;31(3):215-216.
[3]. Fraser JD, Leys CM, St Peter SD. Laparoscopic removal of a gastric trichobezoar in a pediatric patient. J Laparoendosc Adv
Surg Tech A. 2009; 19:835–837.
[4]. Gonuguntla V, Joshi DD. Rapunzel syndrome: a comprehensive review of an unusual case of trichobezoar. Clin Med Res. 2009;
7:99–102.
[5]. Gorter RR, Kneepkens CM, Mattens EC, Aronson DC, Heij HA. Management of trichobezoar: case report and literature review.
Pediatr Surg Int. 2010;26:457–463.
[6]. Jatal SN, Jamadar NP, Jadhav B, Siddiqui S, Ingle SB. Extremely unusual case of gastrointestinal trichobezoar. World Journal of
Clinical Cases : WJCC. 2015;3(5):466-469.

Abstract: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global public health problem that is epidemic in parts of Asia
and Africa, and endemic in China and some other parts of Asia. Approximately 45% of the global population
lives in the zones of high prevalence of chronic hepatitis B disease. Infectious Hepatitis B disease is an
inflammatory liver disease that is caused by HBV, a member virus of the Hepadnavirus family and one of
several viral species that affect hominoidea including humans.

[1]. _________, (2010): Hepatitis B, A Silent Killer—As Nigeria Joins Other Countries in Celebrating World Hepatitis Day.
http://www.onigbongbogov.org/?p=3155
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[3]. Barker, L. F., Shulman, N. R., Murray, R., Hirschman, R. J., Ratner, F., Diefenbach, W. C. and Geller, H. M. (1996): Transmission
of serum hepatitis. Journal of the American Medical Association 276 (10): 841–844.
[4]. Blumberg, B. S. (2002): Hepatitis B: The Hunt for a Killer Virus. London: Princeton University Press: 264.
[5]. Carballo, M. (2007): The challenge of migration and health. International Centre for Migration and Health 2007; Geneva.
[6]. Emechebe, G. O., Emodi, I. J., Ikefuna, A. N., Ilechukwu, G. C., Igwe, W. C., Ejiofor, O. S. and Ilechukwu, C. A. (2009): Hepatitis
B Virus Infection in Nigeria – A Review. Niger Med J: 50(1): 18-22.
[7]. Fada, A. G. (2014): Nomadic Pastoralism And The Prevalence Of Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) in The North-Western Region Of
Nigeria. A Thesis in the Department of Geography Submitted to the Faculty of The Social Sciences, University of Ibadan Nigeria,
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.

Abstract: The Occurrence of spontaneous Extradural Hematoma (EDH) is rare neurological complication in patient with sickle cell disease. We report a twenty year old male patient with sickle cell disease who developed persistent headache and joint pain as a part of sickle cell crisis. One day He suddenly became altered conscious and on brain computed tomography (CT), a large Extradural Hematoma (EDH) in left parieto-temporal region with mass effect was found. No other etiologic factor was identified. Patient was successfully managed with left parieto-temporal craniotomy with evacuation of Haematoma without any undesirable sequel. He made a good
recovery. We discuss the possible pathogenesis of this rare complication.
Keywords: Sickle cell disease, spontaneous extradural hematoma, computed tomography, craniotomy

[1]. Page C, Gardner K, Height S, Rees DC, Hampton T, Thein SL. Nontraumatic extradural hematoma in sickle cell anemia: a rare
neurological complication not to be missed. Am J Hematol 2014; 89 (2) 225227
[2]. Kalala Okito JP, Van Damme O, Calliauw L. Are spontaneous epidural haematoma in sickle cell disease a rare complication? A
report of two new cases. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2004;146:407–10.
[3]. Dahdaleh NS, Lindley TE, Kirby PA, Oya H, Howard MA., 3rd A "neurosurgical crisis" of sickle cell disease. J Neurosurg Pediatr.
2009;4:532 5
[4]. Naran AD, Fontana L. Sickle cell disease with orbital infarction and epidural hematoma. Pediatr Radiol. 2001;31:257–9.
[5]. Karacostas D, Artemis N, Papadopoulou M, Christakis J. Case report: Epidural and bilateral retroorbital hematomas complicating
sickle cell anemia. Am J Med Sci. 1991;302:107–9.
[6]. Resar LM, Oliva MM, Casella JF. Skull infarction and epidural hematomas in a patient with sickle cell anemia. J Pediatr Hematol
Oncol. 1996;18:413–5.
[7]. Ganesh A, AlZuhaibi S, Pathare A, William R, AlSenawi R, AlMujaini A, et al. Orbital infarction in sickle cell disease. Am J
Ophthalmol. 2008;146:595–601.

Abstract: The study evaluated the analgesic efficacy and morphine sparing effect of intravenous Paracetamol afterlaparoscopic cholecystectomy. Method: Eighty patients wererandomized into two groups to receive either 100 ml (1000mg) Paracetamol (group I) or 100 ml normal saline (group II) 30 minutes before induction with 50% or full dose of morphine at induction .In the recovery room pain intensity was evaluated and the time of first request for analgesic and morphine consumption was noted. Side effects of morphine if any, were recorded

[1]. Bisgaard T, Kehlet H, Rosenberg J. Pain and convalescence after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Ann R
CollSurgEngl 2001; 167:84–96.
[2]. Hurley RWWCC. Acute Postoperative Pain. Miller RD, Eriksson LI, Fleisher LA, Wiener-Kronish JP,
Young WL, editor(s). Miller's Anesthesia. 7 ed. USA: Churchill Livingstone; 2010. 2763 pp.
[3]. Chandrasekharan NV, Dai H, Roos KL. Cox-3 a cyclo oxygenase-1 variant inhibited by acetaminophen
and other analgesic antipyretic drugs. ProcNatlAcadSci USA Oct 15,2002; 99(21): 13926-13931.
[4]. Al Hashemi JA, DaghistaniMF.Effects of intraoperative i.v acetaminophenvs.i.mmeperidine on post
tonsillectomy pain in children. Br J Anaesth. 2006jun; 96(6): 790-5.
[5]. Barden J, Edwards JE. Single-dose paracetamol for acute postoperative pain in adults. BMC
Anesthesiol.2002; 2(1): 4.

Abstract: Background: Reorientation of Medical Education program conducting in medical education is very much useful
to Under Graduate Medical Students. Their knowledge will be increased in research methodology at
undergraduate level.
Methods: The present Reorientation of Medical Education program (ROME) study was conducted with under
graduate medical students and with a sample size of one hundred and two medical students in the year 2013.
They were involved in the various training of research methodology and in the existing softwares. Statistical
analysis descriptive and McNemar test were used and the level of significant was 0.05.

[1]. Medical Council of India: Regulations on Graduate Medical Education 2012. Available on: http://psgimsr.ac.in/faculty%20-
2/REGULATIONSON%20GRADUATE%20MEDICAL%20EDUCATION-%202012.pdf[Accessed on 7th February 2015]
[2]. Adkoli BV, Gupta V, Sood R, PandavCS.From reorientation of medical education to development of medical educators. Ind J
Public Health 2009; 54 (4):218 – 222.
[3]. World Health Assembly Official Records: Reorientation of medical education and medical practice for health for all. Available
from: http://www.who.int/hrh/resources/WHA48-8_EN.pdf [Accessed on 22nd November 2014].
[4]. Deo MG. 2009. Need for research oriented medical education inIndia. Indian J Med Res130: 105 – 107.
[5]. WHO: World Health Organization: Reorientation of Medical Education – Goal, Strategies and Targets. SEARO Regional
Publications No.18, 1991. Available from: http://apps.searo.who.int/pds_docs/B0083.pdf[Accessed on 10th February 2015]
[6]. Nathan DG. National Institutes of Health Director‟s Panel on Clinical Research. Clinical research: Perceptions, reality and
proposed solutions. JAMA 1998; 289: 1427 – 1431.

Abstract: Severe atrophy of the inferior alveolar process and underlying basal bone often results in problems with a lower denture. These problems include insufficient retention of the lower denture, intolerance to loading by the mucosa, pain, difficulties with eating and speech, loss of soft-tissue support, and altered facial appearance. These problems are a challenge for the prosthodontist and surgeon. In this case report, patient with resorbed edentulous mandible was successfully rehabilitated using two dental implants placed in the interforaminal region with ball abutments opposing conventional maxillary complete denture.
Key Words: dental implants; dental prosthesis, implant-supported; resorption,

[1]. Abu-Hussein M. , Abdulgani A., Bajali M., Chlorokostas G .; The Mandibular Two-Implant Overdenture.Journal of Dental and
Allied Sciences , 2014 , Vol 3,1; 58-62
[2]. The glossary of prosthodontic terms. J Prosthet Dent 2005, 94:10-92.
[3]. Kibrick M, Munir ZA, Lash H, Fox SS. The development of a materials system for an endosteal tooth implant: I. Critical
assessment of previous designs. Oral Implantol 1975;6:172-92.
[4]. Abu-Hussein M ., Abdulgani A . ;MANDIBULAR IMPLANT OVERDENTURE RETAINED WITH O-RING BALL, Int J Dent
Health Sci 2014; 1(6):984-991
[5]. Brånemark PI, Adell R, Breine U, Hansson BO, Lindström J, Ohlsson A. Intra-osseous anchorage of dental prostheses. I.
Experimental studies. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg 1969;3:81-100.
[6]. Adell R, Lekholm U, Rockler B, Brånemark PI. A 15-year study of osseointegrated implants in the treatment of the edentulous jaw.
Int J Oral Surg 1981;10:387-416.

Abstract: Many types of localized reactive lesions may occur on the gingiva, including focal fibrous hyperplasia, pyogenic granuloma, peripheral giant cell granuloma and Peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF). These lesions may arise as a result of such irritants as trauma, microorganisms, plaque, calculus, restorations and dental appliances. POF is a non-neoplastic enlargement of the gingiva and is precipitated by local irritation and minor trauma. Although being reported to reach more than 6 cm, they are usually less than 1.5 cm in diameter, and the diagnosis can be made by clinical inspection and biopsy. Some authors have called it fibrous epulis, calcifying fibroblastic granuloma, or peripheral fibroma with calcification. Clinically the lesion is asymptomatic, firm, pinkish red and pedunculated, histologically showing cellular, fibrous connective tissue stroma with calcified osseous and cementum-like calcifications.

[1]. W-J Moon, S. Y Choi, EC Chung, KH Kwon and SW Chae. Peripheral ossifying fibroma in the oral cavity: CT and MR findings.
Dentomaxillofacial Radiology 2007; 36: 180–182.
[2]. Saito I, Ide F, Inoue M, et al. Periosteal ossifying fibroma of the palate. J Periodontol 1984; 55: 704–707.
[3]. Terry Farquhar; Jennifer MacLellan, Heather Dyment, Ross D. Anderson. Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma: A Case Report. JCDA
2008; 74:9:809-812.
[4]. Bhaskar SN, Jacoway JR. Peripheral fibroma and peripheral fibroma with calcification: report of 376 cases. J Am Dent Assoc 1966;
73(6):1312–20.
[5]. Eversole LR, Rovin S. Reactive lesions of the gingiva. J Oral Pathol 1972; 1(1):30–8.
[6]. Gardner DG. The peripheral odontogenic fibroma: an attempt at clarification. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1982; 54(1):40–8.
[7]. Kumar SK, Ram S, Jorgensen MG, Shuler CF, Sedghizadeh PP. Multicentric peripheral ossifying fibroma. J Oral Sci 2006;
48(4):239–43.
[8]. Zain RB, Fei YJ. Fibrous lesions of the gingiva: a histopathologic analysis of 204 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1990;
70(4):466–70.

Abstract: Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia(VAIN) in hysterectomised patients is not a very uncommon finding. The present study is designed to know such cases in Jharkhand as studied in RIMS, Ranchi, Jharkhand. A case series of three patients who were hysterectomised for different reasons were subjected to PAP SMEAR examination of vaginal smears andwere identified as VAIN of different grades.

Keywords: hysterectomised, pap smear, VAIN

1]. Beret and Novak's Gynaecology (15th edition) ,page no. 607-609
[2]. (ObstetGynecol2009;113:917)
[3]. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2010;36:94
[4]. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008; 199:113.e1-113.e5
[5]. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2009;18:1731
[6]. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol 2006;27:638
[7]. Grace T McKee Cytopathology(1997 edition)
[8]. Blausteins Pathology of the Female Genital Tract, 6thedition

Abstract: Congenitally missing lateral incisors create an esthetic problem with specific orthodontic and prosthetic considerations. Selecting the appropriate treatment option depends on many factors, such us the malocclusion, the anterior relationship, specific space requirements, bone volume, root proximity, the condition of the adjacent teeth, and esthetic prediction mainly when the canine must be reshaped.Resin bonded bridges were considered to be doomed owing to their very high decementation rate, have come alive once again because of newer resin based cements. This article will discuss the variety of treatment managements in case of space opening and treated with two 2-unit cantilevered resin-bonded fixed partial dentures supported by the cuspids. This conservative treatment plan was cost-effective without having any significant biological cost.
Keywords: Agenesis, Resin- bonded fixed partial denture, interim prosthesis.

[1]. Abu-Hussein M ., Abdulgani A ., Watted N. Zahalka M .; Congenitally Missing Lateral Incisor with Orthodontics, Bone Grafting
and Single-Tooth Implant: A Case Report, Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences,2015, .Vol 14, 4,124-130
[2]. Wright JT, Hart TC. The genome projects: implications for dental practice and education J Dent Educ. 2002;66(5):659-671.
[3]. Kokich VO, Kinzer GA. Managing congenitally missing lateral incisors. Part I: Canine substitution. J Esthet Restor Dent.
2005;17(1):5–10.
[4]. Kinzer GA, Kokich VO. Managing Congenitally Missing Lateral Incisors. Part II: Tooth-Supported Restorations. J Esthet Restor
Dent. 2005 Mar;17(2):76–84.
[5]. Richardson G, Russell KA. Congenitally missing lateral incisors and orthodontic treatment considerations for the single-tooth
implant. J Can Dent Assoc. 2001;67(1):25-28.
[6]. De Coster PJ, Marks LA, Martens LC, Huysseune A. Dental Agenesis: genetic and clinical perspectives. J Oral Pathol Med
2009;38(1):1-17
[7]. Maggio MP, Bergler M, Kerrigan D, Blatz MB. Treatment of Maxillary Lateral Incisor Agenesis with Zirconia-Based All-Ceramic
Resin-Bonded Fixed Partial Dentures: A Case Report. American Journal of Esthetic Dentistry. 2012;2.

Abstract: Various studies have indicated that peptic ulcers occurring during the course of diabetic state are more severe and often associated with complications such as gastrointestinal bleeding. This study is an attempt to understand the pathogenesis of indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers occurring during the diabetic state using suitable markers and its amelioration by quercetin and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). In this study, diabetic rats showed an increase in the gastric mucosal levels of Molandialdehyde (MDA), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), BAX and p53 and a decrease in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) as compared to normal control (non-diabetic) rats. There was an increase in gastric ulcer index and gastric ulcer lesions in diabetic gastric mucosa when compared to the normal control group. Pre-treatment with quercetin and\or CoQ10 to normal groups or diabetic groups which treated by indomethacin caused a significant decrease in gastric ulcer index, MDA, iNOS, IL-6, TNF-α, BAX and p53 with concomitant increase in SOD activity when compared with normal and diabetic rats treated with indomethacin alone. So quercetin and CoQ10 are effective in protection against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in normal and diabetic rats. Our findings could bring new hope for a novel modality of gastric ulcer treatment.

[1]. Adewoyin, Ademola Samson. "Management of Sickle Cell Disease: A Review for Physician Education in Nigeria (Sub-Saharan
Africa)." Anemia 2015 (2015).
[2]. Creary, M., Williamson, D., & Kulkarni, R. (2007, June). Sickle cell disease: Current activities, public health implications, and
future directions. Journal of Women's Health, 16(5),575-582.
[3]. Abdelrahim O.Mohammed, Bekhieta Attalla, FathyaM.K.Bashir, Fatima E.Ahmed, Ahmed M.Elhassan ,Gafar Ibnauf,et al. Relation
of Sickle Cell Gene to the Ethnic and Geographic Groups Populating the Sudan Public Health Genomics 2006 9:113-120.
[4]. Claster, S., & Vichinsky, E. (2003, November). Managing sickle cell disease. British Medical Journal, 327(7424), 1151-1161.
[5]. Elenga, Narcisse, and Loic Niel. "Alloimmunization in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease in French Guiana." Journal of blood
transfusion 2015 (2015).
[6]. Vichinsky EP. Current issues with blood transfusions in sickle cell disease. Semin Hematol.2001;38(1):14–22
[7]. Zimring JC, Welniak L, Semple JW, Ness PM, Slichter SJ, Spitalnik SL, et al. Current problems and future directions of
transfusion-induced alloimmunization: Summary of an NHLBI working group. Transfusion 2011;51:435-41.

Abstract: The study was carried out to access Mycobacterium bovis as occupationl hazard among abattoir staff in Enugu. Blood samples were collected from 50 subjects at Artisan and Ogbete market abattoirs with 25 samples from each location. DNA was extracted from blood samples using Relia prep DNA spin column method and screened for Tuberculosis using Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with specific Tuberculosis primer; Insertion sequence 6110 (IS6110) while Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (IS6110- RFLP) method was used to differentiate between Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis using Nar 1 digestion
enzyme. Statistical tools used to analyze the data were: Chi-square, fishers exact test and non parametric t test.

[1] Denis M., Keen DL, Parlane NA., Storset AK., Buddle BM. Bovine natural killer cells restrict the replication of Mycobacterium
bovis in bovine macrophages and enhance IL-12 release by infected macrophages. Tuberculosis., 2007, Vol. 87: Pp53–62.
[2] Ogundeji E. B, Onyemelukwe N. F, Nwuko A.C, Onuoha M. N, Ogundeji A. O, Osaretin J.E, Eze K. A, Olofu J. E, Jik A. W,
Kemza S.Y and Okafor N.C. Molecular detection of Mycobacterium bovis in cattle milk in Enugu State, Nigeria. Journal of Natural
Sciences Research, Vol.5(12)., 2015. Pp 42-47.
[3] Davies PDO. Tuberculosis in humans and animals: are we a threat to each other? Journal of Royal Society of Medicine , 2006., Vol.
99(10): Pp539-540.
[4] Radostits OM, Gay CC, Blood DC, Hinchelift KW. Disease caused by bacteria – Mycobacterium. In: Veterinary Medicine: A Text
Book of Disease of Cattle, Sheep, Pig, Goat and Horses. 9th ed. Harcourt Publisher Ltd., London, 2000 Pp 909-918.
[5] Rodríguez Bayarri M.J, Madrid San Martín F. Pulmonary Tuberculosis as an Occupational Disease. Arch Bronconeumol. 2004.,
Vol. 40 (10), Pp463-472. DOI: 10.1016/S1579-2129(06)60358-3
[6] Rory O. B, Orla F, Eamon C, Don. O. G and mark R. Identification of Novel DNA probe for strain Typing Mycobacterium bovis by
Restriction Fragment length polymorphism Analysis. Journal of clinical microbiology. 2000.,. Vol.38: Pp.1723-1730.

Abstract: This study was aimed to find out the maternal factors, anemia status and fetal outcomes in pregnancy. A hospital based cross sectional , descriptive type of observational study was carried out in 15 to 49 years who had undergone delivery at SP Medical College Bikaner. Information about the demographic profile, ANC factors, anemia status in different trimester and its management , foetal outcome data were collected. To find out associating factors appropriate test of significances were used. The magnitude of anemia 87.46% (confidence interval 85.6% to 89.29%) was found high in pregnancy. Anemia cases of moderate type were higher in all trimesters.

[1]. Government of India (sample registration system). Maternal mortality in India: 1997-2003, Trends, causes and risk factors. Register
General India, New Delhi in collaboration with Centre for Global Health Research University of Toranto, Canada.
[2]. International J. of Gynecology &Obstetrics 1997;5 8(1):129 -36.
[3]. Trinh LT and Dibley M. Anaemia in pregnant, postpartum, and non pregnant women in Lak district, Daklak province of Vietnam.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2007;16(2):310-315.
[4]. National Family Health Survey (NFHS3) Report, India 2005-2006; International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
[5]. Ezzati M, Lopus AD, Dogers A, Vander HS, Murray C. Selected major risk factors and global and regional burden of disease.
Lancet Vol.3 60, Page 1347-60, 2002.
[6]. Agarwal KN, Agarwal DN and Sharma A. Anemia In PregnancyInter state differences. Nutrition Foundation of India Scientific
Report 2005