iosr-JDMS   Volume-14 ~ Issue-12 ~ December-2015

Abstract: We present a case report of a 4months old first born male child which was brought to our hospital with complaints of abdominal distension and mass in the upper abdomen causing feeding difficulty. Child was clinically found to have a firm non tender mass of about 10 x 8cms in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen which was clinically suspected to be Neuroblastoma. The child was subjected to ultrasound examination using 5-7Mhz Linear transducer in Philips HD11XE machine, which revealed a multicystic heterogeneous mass lesion of 10 x 8cms in the left hypochondrium, displacing the left kidney posteriorly and spleen inferiorly and crossing the midline showing significant peripheral colour uptake, possibility of Neuroblastoma. The child was then subject to CT scan of abdomen with contrast enhancement using 16slice Toshiba Activion scanner.

[1] Cairo MS, Grosfeld JL, Weetman RM. Gastric teratoma:Unusual cause for bleeding of the upper gastrointestinaltract in the newborn. Pediatrics 1981; 67:721-4

[2] Munoz NA, Takehara H, Komi N, Hizawa K. Immaturegastric teratoma in an infant. Acta Paediatr Jpn 1992;34:483-8

[3] Eustermann GB, Sentry EG. Benign tumours of the stomach: Report of 27 cases. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1922; 34:372-8.

[4] Gupta DK, Srinivas M, Dave S, Agarwala S, Bajpai M, Mitra DK. Gastric teratoma in children. Pediatr Surg int 2000;16:329-32.

[5] Gengler JS, Ashcraft KW, Slattery P. Gastric teratoma: the sixth reported case in a female infant. J Pediatr Surg 1995;30:889-90.

[6] Moriuchi A, Nakayama A, Muta H, et al. Gastric teratoma of children:a case report and review of literature. Acta Pathol Jpn 1977;27:48-58.

[7] Dunlap JP, James CA, Maxson RT, Bell JM, Wagner CW. Gastric teratoma with intramural extension. Pediatr Radiol1995; 25:383-84.

[8] Sauter ER, Diaz J, Arensman RM, Butcher RB, Guarisco JL, Hayes DH. The perioperative management of neonates with congenital oropharyngeal teratomas. J Pediatr Surg1990; 25: 925–928.

Abstract: Until Polio is eradicated globally, the risk of acquiring the disease especially from poliovirus importation belt remains. Though the Government of India (GOI) has laid regulations related to polio vaccination of international travellers as a part of polio end game strategy yet there are hardly any reports related to the challenges related to this. The purpose of the study was to critically appraise the ongoing oral polio vaccination program for international travellers in a designated centre of West Bengal

[1] WHO South-East Asia Region certified polio free [Internet]. New Delhi: 2014 Mar 27 [cited 2015 Dec 10]. Available from: http://www.searo.who.int/mediacentre/releases/2014/pr1569/en/.
[2] Taneja DK. Eradication of poliomyelitis. In: Banerjee B, editor. Health policies and programmes in India, 13th edn. Delhi: Doctors publications; 2015. p. 185.
[3] Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. Requirements of polio vaccination for International travellers between India and polio infected countries [Internet]. New Delhi: 2014 [cited 2015 Dec 10]. Available from: http://mohfw.nic.in/showfile.php?lid=2634.
[4] Polio Vaccination centres for international travellers-Delhi [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2015 Dec 10]. Available from: http://www.delhi.gov.in/wps/wcm/connect/1c81510042f5c3efa5e2adb13eb04390/polioadvi.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&lmod=-382194844
[5] International travel and health. World - Polio vaccination for travellers [Internet]. 2014 Jun 12 [cited 2015 Dec 10]. Available from: http://www.who.int/ith/updates/20140612/en/.

Abstract: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) increase the risk of transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection causing immense need to understand the patterns of STIs prevailing in the regions of a country for proper planning and implementation of STI control strategies. Due to resource constaintsin the country, information regarding the profile of STIs relies essentially on syndromic diagnosis. Syndromic approachis based on the approach , grouping of a commonality, constellation of symptoms and easily recognised signs associated with a number of well definedaetiologies. Treatment is provided covering the majority of the organisms locally responsible for the syndrome.

[1]. Chin J. Public health surveillance of AIDS and HIV infections. Bull World Health Organ. 1990;68:529–36. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [2]. Dangor Y, Ballard RC, da Exposto FL, Fehler G, Miller SD, Koornhof HJ (1990) Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of genital ulcer disease. Sexually Transmitted Diseases 17, 184 189.[CrossRef][Pubmed][Web of Science]
[3]. Lush L, Walt G, Ogden J. Transferring policies for treating sexually transmitted infections: what's wrong with global guidelines? Health Policy and Planning2003;18:18–30.[Abstract/FREE Full text]
[4]. STI. Syndromic approach to STD management. Sex Transm Infect1998;74 (Suppl 1).
[5]. Htun Y, Morse SA, Dangor Y, et al. Comparison of clinically directed, disease specific, and syndromic protocols for the management of genital ulcer disease in Lesotho. Sex Transm Infect1998;74 (Suppl 1) :S23–8.
[6]. Thappa DM, Singh S, Singh A. HIV infection and sexually transmitted diseases in a referral STD centre in south India. Sex Transm Infect 1999;75:191. [PUBMED]

Abstract: over the centuries from ancient ages to the present age of advanced technology there have been many
changes in the life style of mankind.industrialization and the fast pace of life have brought both comforts and
catastrophic road traffic accidents,crippling many young lives.supracondylar and intercondylar fractures of
femur are very often difficult to treat and they are notorious for many complications.

[1]. Campbell's operative orthopaedics:tenth edition volume 3,pg no 2805-2825.
[2]. John charnley's:The closed treatment of common fractures,3rd edition pg no:169-196
[3]. Graham's apley:Apley's system of orthopaedics and fractures 9th edition.
[4]. Gray's anatomy:35th edition pg no:357,1973.
[5]. Rockwood &Green's :fractures in adults 8th edition.
[6]. Neer C.S.11,Grantham,S.A.&Sheltion M.L et al:supracondylar fracture of the adult femur, astudy of 110 cases-JBJS:49 A 591,june
1968.

Abstract: The philosophy and techniques of open reduction and internal fixation of fractures have evolved during the past several decades. To achieve functional rehabilitation of limb, anatomic reduction, rigid internal fixation, and early joint motion historically were stressed. Although constructs were quite stable biomechanically, healing often was delayed because of the extent of soft-tissue dissection and bony devascularization required. Indirect reduction was introduced in the 1980's by Mast et al and others in an attempt to decrease surgical dissection by relying on ligamentotaxis, blind re-positioning of fragments, reduction aids such as the femoral distractor, and other methods to maintain the soft-tissue integrity and preserve bony perfusion.

[1]. Grelwe RM, Archdeacon MT. Locking plate technology: current concepts. J Knee Surg. 2007.
[2]. Cantu RV, Koval KJ. The use of locking plates in fracture care. J Am Acad Orthop Surg.2006; 14:183-90.
[3]. Egol KA, Kubiak EN, Fulkerson E, Kummer FJ, Koval KJ. Biomechanics of locked plates
[4]. Frigg R. Development of the locking compression plate. Injury, 2003; 34 Suppl 2:B6-10.
[5]. Morscher E, Sutter F, Jenny H, Olerud S. ( Anterior plating of the cervical spine with hollow screw plate system of titanium).
Chirug,1986; 57:702-7, German.

Abstract: One of the most common birth defects is Sensorineural hearing loss with incidence of approximately 1:1000 live births (1). Cochlear implantation is the only U.S. Food and Drug Administration–approved treatment for children with marked sensorineural hearing loss. The auditory benefits of this procedure that range from simple sound detection to substantial word understanding.(2) The presence of a functioning cochlear nerve fiber is a crucial issue in the cochlear implant candidates. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a narrow /stenotic cochlear fossette/aperture/nerve canal could serve as a useful and dependable predictive factor for the presence of cochlear nerve deficiency.

[1]. M. B. St. Martin and B. E. Hirsch, "Imaging of hearing loss," Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 157–
178, 2008.
[2]. JosephY. Young, MD Maura E. Ryan, MD Nancy M. Young, MD, "Preoperative Imaging of Sensorineural Hearing Loss in
Pediatric Candidates for Cochlear Implantation", RadioGraphics 2014; 34:E133–E149, Published online 10.1148/rg.345130083.
[3]. Osberger MJ. Cochlear implantation in children under the age of two years: candidacy considerations. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg
1997; 117: 145-149
[4]. Makhdoum MJ, Snik FM, van de Broek P. Cochlear implantation in deaf children. Ann Saudi Med 1997; 17: 533-539
[5]. Larsen WJ. Human Embryology. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone; 1997:385–411.
[6]. McPhee JR, Van De Water TR. Epithelial-mesenchymal tissue interactions guiding otic capsule formation: the role of the otocyst. J
Embryol Exp Morphol 1986;97:1–24.

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the periodontal health status with some social characteristics and oral self-care practices among a sample of Yemeni dental students. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on undergraduate dental students at University of Thamar. Two hundreds (120 male and 80 female) volunteers (mean age: 21.82+1.96) who participated in the study completed the self-administered questionnaire. Subsequently a clinical examination for their gingival and periodontal conditions was performed. Crosstabs, Chi-squared test and Regression analysis were executed on the data.

[1]. Paik DI, Moon HS, Horowitz AM, Gift HC, Jeong KL, Suh SS. Knowledge of and practices related to caries prevention among Koreans. J Public Health Dent. 1994;54(4):205-10.

[2]. Taani DS, al-Wahadni AM, al-Omari M. The effect of frequency of toothbrushing on oral health of 14-16 year olds. J Ir Dent Assoc. 2003;49(1):15-20.

[3]. Hugoson A, Lundgren D, Asklow B, Borgklint G. Effect of three different dental health preventive programmes on young adult individuals: a randomized, blinded, parallel group, controlled evaluation of oral hygiene behaviour on plaque and gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol. 2007;34(5):407-15.

[4]. Williams RC. Understanding and managing periodontal diseases: a notable past, a promising future. J Periodontol. 2008;79(8 Suppl):1552-9.

Abstract: Orthodontic management for patients with single or bilateral congenitally missing permanent lateral incisors is a challenge to effective treatment planning. Over the last several decades, dentistry has focused on several treatment modalities for replacement of missing teeth. The two major alternative treatment options are orthodontic space closure or space opening for prosthetic replacements. For patients with high aesthetic expectations implants are one of the treatment of choices, especially when it comes to replacement of missing maxillary lateral incisors and mandibular incisors. Edentulous areas where the available bone is compromised to use conventional implants with 2,5 mm or more in diameter, narrow diameter implants with less than 2,5 mm diameter can be successfully used. This case report deals with managing a compromised situation in the region of maxillary lateral incisor using a narrow diameter implant.

Key words: Orthodontics, Correction of unilateral missing maxillary lateral incisors. Minimal invasive technique, narrow diameter implant

[1] Abu-Hussein M., Abdulgani A., Watted N .Zahalka M.; Congenitally Missing Lateral Incisor with Orthodontics, Bone Grafting and Single-Tooth Implant: A Case Report. Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences2015, 14(4),124-130
[2] Abu-Hussein M., Watted N., Abdulgani A., Bajali M.;Treatment of Patients With Congenitally Missing Lateral Incisors: Is an Interdisciplinary Task. RRJDS 2014,2(4),53-68
[3] Abu-Hussein M ., Abdulgani A ., Watted N .,Zahalka M. ;Management of Congenitally Missing Lateral Incisors with Orthodontics and Single-Tooth Implants(A Case Report: After One Year Clinical Follow-Up) JMSCR2015, 3 (3) ,5011-5019
[4] Abu-Hussein M., Watted N., Abdulgani A., BorbélyB.; Modern Treatment for Congenitally Missing Teeth : A Multidisciplinary Approach; INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MAXILLOFACIAL RESEARCH,2015,1(2);179-190
[5] Muller TP, Hill IN, Peterson AC, Blayney JR. A survey of congenitally missing permanent teeth. J Am Dent Assoc 1970;81:101-7
[6] Kokich VO Jr, Kinzer GA. Managing congenitally missing lateral incisors PartII: Tooth-supported restorations. J. Esthet Restor Dent 2005;17(2):76-84.

Abstract: Aim: To report a rare case of endogenous panophthalmitis in a diabetic with chronic kidney disease undergoing haemodialysis. Methods: A 54 year old male diabetic and hypertensive with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on maintenance haemodialysis through a tunnelled internal jugular vein (IJV) catheter with IJV catheter infection was being treated with parenteral Imipenam. He complained of sudden pain in the left eye with discharge and difficulty in opening the eyelids since 2 days. Examination revealed tense oedematous eyelids, purulent discharge, chemotic congested conjunctiva, hypopyon, proptosis, restriction of ocular movements and progressive diminution of vision. A clinical diagnosis of endogenous panophthalmitis was made and was supported by investigations.

[1]. Ravindran RD, Venkatesh R, Chang DF, Sengupta S, Gyatsho J, Talwar B. Incidence of post-cataract endophthalmitis at Aravind Eye Hospital: Outcomes of more than 42,000 consecutive cases using standardized sterilization and prophylaxis protocols. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2009;35:629–36.
[2]. Russell W Read. Endophthalmitis. In: Duker SJ, editor. Myron Yanoff and Jay S. Duker Ophthalmology. 3rd ed. (China: Elsevier, 2009) p.815
[3]. Moorthy RS, Rao PK, Read RW, Van Gelder R, Vitale A, Bodaghi B et al. Endophthalmitis. Intraocular inflammation and uveitis.American Academy of Ophthalmology. (Singapore:Elsevier,2012)pg 271.
[4]. Miserocchi E. Endogenous Endophthalmitis. Ocular immunology and uveitis foundation. Vol. V No.3 Mar 2000.http://www.uveitis.org/document/category/case-studies
[5]. Regillo C, Holekamp N, Johnson MW, Kaiser PK, Schuber HD, Spaide R et al. Posterior Segment Manifestation Of Trauma .Retina and Vitreous.American Academy of Ophthalmology.(Singapore: Elsevier,2012)pg 327.

Abstract: Dental caries is the single most common chronic childhood disease affecting worldwide. In early childhood caries, there is early pulp involvement and gross destruction of maxillary anterior teeth as well as posterior teeth. Treatment of such caries represents a challenge to pediatric dentists especially, when teeth are badly destroyed. By the time the dentist sees the child, most of the coronal structure is lost. This case report describes challenging task of a Case of early childhood caries patients with mutilated maxillary incisors restored with a strip form composite restorations.

Keywords: Early childhood caries, Resin composite, Strip crowns

[1]. Abu-Hussein M ., Watted N ., Abdulgani Azz ., Abu-Shilabayeh H. ; Anterior dental esthetics in primary teeth; International Journal of Public Health Research 2015;4(1),25-36
[2]. Mortada A, King NM. A simplified technique for the restoration of severely mutilated primary anterior teeth. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2004;28:187-92
[3]. Macdonald, Avery, Dean, Dental caries in the child and adolescent. In: Dentistry for the child and adolescent . 8th ed. Mosby: 2007
[4]. Croll, T. P. . Bonded composite resin crowns for primary incisors: technique update. Quintessence Int1990, 21(2), 153-157.
[5]. Croll, T. P., & Helpin, M. L. (1996). Preformed resin-veneered stainless steel crowns for restoration of primary incisors. Quintessence Int1996, 27(5), 309-313.

Abstract: Bruxism was defined as nonfunctional movements of the mandible with or without audible sound occurring during the day or night. The clinical indicators of diagnosing this parafunction were the presence of dental wear/attrition and bruxofacets. The disorder appears more frequently in the younger population. The prevalence in children is between 14 to 20%. The present case report refers to a patient who reported to the Center For Dentistry,Research & Aesthetics, Jatt, Almothalath, Israel ,with the complain of Bruxism .A brief review is made of the literature concerning the etiology,clinical diagnosis and the therapeutic approach of the disease.

Keywords: Bruxism, etiology , child, Review of bruxism

[1]. De Leeuw R (Ed). American Academy of Orofacial Pain. Orofacial pain: Guidelines for assessment, diagnosis and management. 4th ed. Chicago, Ill, USA, Quintessence Publishing 2008.
[2]. American Academy of Sleep Medicine. International Classification of Sleep Disorders. 2nd ed., 2005

Abstract: The neuromuscular system acts to maintain spinal stability and reduce the impact of complex loading patterns associated with activities of daily living. During the past decade exercising the abdominal muscles has become widely used in the management of low back pain (LBP) in order to provide this supplement to spinal stability. Several exercise programs have been advocated to promote lumber stabilization but evaluation is difficult. As new training methods are emerging, a clear understanding of the efficacy of modern interventions used to strengthen neuromuscular structures to provide stability and to prevent future complications is currently considered an important area of research

[1]. Lucy Jane Goldby, Ann P. Moore, Jo Dust and Marion E. Randomized controlled trial investigating the efficiency of musculoskeletal physiotherapy on chronic low back disorders. Spine, Volume 31, Number 10, pp. 1083-1093.
[2]. RIE Kasai, RPT, MA Current trends in Exercise management for chronic low back pain. Comparison between strengthening Exercise and spinal segmental stabilization exercises. J. Phys. Ther. Sci. 18: 97-105, 2006.
[3]. Jeremy S. Lewis, Jane S. Hewitt, Lisa Billington. A randomized clinical trial comparing two physiotherapy interventions for chronic low back pain. Spine 2005, Volume 30, pp. 711-721.
[4]. Carter J, Birrell L. Occupation health guideline for the management of low back pain at work principal recommendations. London : Faculty of Occupational Medicine, 2000.
[5]. Hest back L, Lebaeuf-Yde C, Manniche C. Low back pain : what is the long term course? A review of studies of general patient population. Eur spine J 2003: 12: 149-65.
[6]. Zambito A, Bianchini D, Gatti D. Interferential therapy and horizontal therapies in chronic low back pain : a randomized double blind, clinical study. Cli Ex Rheumatol 2006, Sep- Oct, 24(5) : 534-9.

Abstract: During last decade, increased knowledge of the pathophysiology of portal hypertension (PHT) has resulted in the use of new pharmacological targets; most importantly for the reduction of intrahepatic resistance, which is now recognized to be due in part to activated stellate cell contraction. Orally active angiotensin II receptor antagonists represent a recent therapeutic development in the inhibition of RAAS (renin-angiotensinaldosterone system). Doppler and color coded Doppler sonography studies allow non-invasive visualization of the portal vein.

[1] Banares R, Moitinho E, Piqueras B, et al.,(1999: Carvedilol a new non selective beta blockers with intrinsic anti alpha l adrenergic activity has a greater portal hypotensive effect than propranolol in patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology, 30: 79-83 [2] Bolognesi, M., Sacerdoti, D., Merkel, C., et al., (1995):"Relationship between portal flows measured by image directed Doppler ultrasonography and hepatic blood flow measured by indocyanine green constant infusion in patients with cirrhosis". J. Clin. Ultra Sound, 23 (5): 29 [3] Burnier M and Brunner HR., (2000): Angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Lancet, 355: 637-645 [4] Bhathal PS., and Grossman HJ., (1985): Reduction of the increased portal vascular resistance of the isolated perfused cirrhotic rat, liver by vasodilators. J. Hepatol., 1:325-37 [5] D'Amico G, Pagliaro L, Bosch J., (1999): Pharmacological treatment of portal hypertension: an evidence- based approach. Semin Liver Dis., 19(4):475-505

Abstract: Asthma is very common in pediatric age group with immense social impact children. The prevalence of Bronchial Asthma has increased continuously since the 1970s, and now affects an estimated 4 to 7% of the people worldwide. Aim: To study clinical profile of childhood asthmatic patients admitted in pediatric ward of our hospital. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study to ascertain clinical profile of asthmatic patients of pediatric age group. We studied 60 pediatric cases of bronchial asthma admitted to pediatric ward of our hospital from July 2008 to November 2010we found that asthma is more prevalent in age group of 13 months to 5years(38.34%),with male predominance(M=63%)with history of allergy in 36.67% of patients.

[1]. Werner HA: Status Asthmaticus in Children: A Review. Chest 2001,119:1913-1929.
[2]. Akinbami LJ, Schoendorf KC: Trends in childhood asthma: prevalencehealth care utilization, and mortality. Pediatrics 2002, 110(2 Pt 1):315-322.
[3]. Hon KL, Nelson EA: Gender disparity in paediatric hospital admissions.Ann Acad Med Singap 2006, 4(2):882-888.
[4]. Moorman JE, Rudd RA, Johnson CA, King M, Minor P, Bailey C, etal.:National surveillance for asthma--United States, 1980-2004.Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report 2007, 56:1-54
[5]. Vink NM, Postma DS, Schouten JP, Rosmalen JG, Boezen HM.JAllergy Clin Immunol. 2010 Sep;126(3):498-504.e1-.
[6]. Gissler M,Jarvelin MR, Louhiala P, Hemminki E.follow-up of the 1987 Finnish birth cohort. Gender Disparity in Paediatric Hospital Admissions ActaPaediatr 1999;88:310-4..

Abstract: Background: There are little data on the prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses in pregnant women in Meerut. Objectives: This study was designed to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among pregnant women. Material and Methods: Blood samples of 5042 pregnant women were collected. Results: overall prevalence, 162(3.21%) samples, sixty four (1.26%) for HBsAG and ninety eight (1.94%) for HCV were found positive. Conclusions: These results underscore the need for prenatal screening for HBV infection in pregnant women and treatment of newborns from HBsAg-positive mothers.

Keywords: Prevalence, Pregnant women, Hepatitis.

[1]. M.D. Hunt, Christine, "Liver Disease in Pregnancy", American Family Physician, Feb 15, 1999
[2]. Hepatitis and Other Liver Diseases During Pregnancy', Atlanta Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Volume 4, Number 1 – January 16, 1996
[3]. Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)"from the Baby Center Online prenatal Health Index Tucker, D.E., MRCOG,"Hepatitis B and Pregnancy", Sept. 1998, Women's Health, UK
[4]. Important Safety Information", Rebetron.com Gupta, N., Gautam, V., Sehgal, R., Gill, P.S., Arora, D.R. 2003. Screening by VDRL test to detect hidden cases of syphilis. Indian J. Med. Microbiol., 21: 118 120.
[5]. Mittal, S.K., Rao, S., Rastogi, A., Aggarwal, V., Kumari, S. 1996. Hepatitis B, potential of perinatal transmission in India. Trop. Gastroenterol., 17: 190 192.
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[7]. Gupta, I., Sehgal, A., Sehgal, R., Ganguly, N.K. 1992. Vertical transmission of hepatitis B in North India. J. Hyg. Epid. Microbiol. Immunol., 36: 263 267.

Abstract: Maxillary midline diastema is usually the part of normal dental development during mixed dentition which requires no active treatment. But the continuing presence of it in an adult is an esthetic problem. The effective treatment of midline diastema depends on the etiological factors, size andextent of diastema. This clinical report describes a patient with uneven interdental space between anterior maxillary teeth, improper clinical crown lengths, tooth size discrepancies, and malocclusion.

Key words: Diastema closure, midline diastema, Orthodontic treatment, Porcelain laminate veneers, Interdisciplinary approach

[1] Nanda R, Kapila S. Current therapy in orthodontics lst Edition, St. Louis, Mosby 2010.
[2] Campbell A, Kindelan J. Maxillary midline diastema: A case report involving a combined orthodontic and maxillofacial approach.JO.2006;33:22-7.
[3] Fields HW. Treatment of non skeletal problems in preadolescent children: Proffit WR, Fields HW, Sarver DM (edi) Contemporary orthodontics. 4th ed. St Louis: Mosby 2007:433-95.
[4] Bishara SE. Management of diastemas in orthodontics. Am J Orthod 1972; 61:55-63.
[5] Gkantidis N, Kolokitha O, Topouzelis N. Management of maxillary midline diastema with emphasis on etiology. Pediatr Dent 2008; 32(4):265-272.
[6] Abdulgani Azzaldeen1,Watted Nezar2,Abu-Hussein Muhamad3 DIRECT BONDING IN DIASTEMA CLOSURE HIGH DRAMA, IMMEDIATE RESOLUTION: A CASE REPORT.Ijdhs2014.1(4);430-435

Abstract: Introduction: Latex hypersensitivity is one of the problem in healthcare workers. This problem affects the productivity of the workers due to the hypersensitivity symptoms. In Dental Polyclinic USIM, there have been complaints by dental personnel regarding the usage of latex glove. However, there was no data that have been documented. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of self-reported latex glove hypersensitivity among dental personnel in Dental Polyclinic of UniversitiSains Islam Malaysia.

[1]. SM Chin, JW Ferguson, T Bajurnow. Latex allergy in dentistry: Review and report of case presenting as a serious reaction to latex dental dam. Australian Dental Journal 2004; 49 :( 3):146-148
[2]. Ong EL .Natural Rubber Latex Medical Gloves: Why They Are Still the Best. Article presented in seminar on "Selecting the right gloves: glove selection for healthcare and personal protective equipment"; 2005 March 11-14, Edinburgh.
[3]. A.Yusoff.,SA.Murray, NA. Rahman, J John, D. Mohammad, MM Tin-Oo, Self-Reported Latex Glove Allergy among Dental Personnel in Kelantan State, Malaysia. International Medical Journal, 20(3) : 323-325.
[4]. Helen MB, Traci S, Jennifer C. Latex Allergies: A Review of Recognition, Evaluation, Management, Prevention, Education, and Alternative Product Use. J Athl Training 2003. 38(2):133-140
[5]. Connie Katelaris. Latex Reactions: Allergic and Non-Allergic Hypersensitivity. http://www.worldallergy.org/professional/allergic_diseases_center/latexallergy/latexsynopsis.php (Accessed 18 April 2015).

Abstract: Internet usage has been rapidly increasing worldwide more so in India. An earlier report suggests that there are more than 300 million internet users in India(1). The Internet usage in India took more than a decade to increase from 10 million to 100 million and only four years to move from 100 to 200 million(2). The internet is very informative and has many benefits but it is used by some to indulge in social networking, pornography and chatting for long hours. There has been growing concerns worldwide for what has been labeled as "internet addiction."

[1]. Goel D, Subramanyam A, Kamath R. A study on the prevalence of internet addiction and its association with psychopathology in Indian adolescents. Indian J Psychiatry. 2013 Apr;55(2):140–3.
[2]. Final_IAMAI_Annual Report 2014-15 copy - AnnualReport2014-15.pdf [Internet]. [cited 2015 Dec 20]. Available from: http://www.iamai.in/sites/default/files/annual_report/AnnualReport2014-15.pdf
[3]. Goldberg I. Internet Addiction 1996. [Last accessed on 2010 Mar 22]. Available from: http://web.urz.uniheidelberg.de/Netzdienste/anleitung/wwwtips/8/addict.html .
[4]. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5 th ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013. p. 796. Back to cited text no. 7.
[5]. Kandell JJ. Internet Addiction on Campus: The Vulnerability of College Students. Cyberpsychol Behav. 1998 Jan 1;1(1):11–7.
[6]. Greenfield, D. (1999). Internet Addiction: Disinhibition, accelerated intimacy and other theoretical considerations. Paper presented at the 107th annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, August 22, 1999. Boston, MA.