iosr-JDMS   Volume-14 ~ Issue-2 ~ February-2015

Abstract:Introduction: Concerns about sexual violence within universities have increased considerably in the recent past. This study was therefore aimed at determining the knowledge and attitude of undergraduate students to rape. Materials And Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted amongst student from the six faculties of the Abraka campus of Delta-State University comprising 400 subject (200 males and 200 females) within the age of 18years and above. Respondents were administered questionnaires to ascertain their demographic data and determine their knowledge and attitudes. The data was analyzed with Simple percentages. Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the department of anatomy ethics committee.

[1]. World Health Organization Violence against women: Report on the 1999 WHO pilot survey in Tajikistan. Copenhagen, World Health Organization, Regional office for Europe. 2000
[2]. Criminal Code Act Chapter 77 Laws of the Federation of Nigeria 1990.Retrieved from www.nigeria-law.org/criminalc%20Code%Act-Tables.html. 2014.
[3]. Merriam W. Rape. Retrieved from www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/rape/. 2011
[4]. Heise L, Moore K and Toubia N.. Sexual Coercion and Reproductive Health: A Focus on Research, New York: Population Council. 1995
[5]. Lohmann K.J. The contentious nature of addressing rape, 2008. Retrieved 12th April, 2010 from www.allacademic.com
[6]. Watts CH. Withholding of sex and forced sex: Dimensions of Violence against Zimbabwen women. Reproductive Health matters, 1998; 6:57-65.
[7]. Bounduran B. University women's acknowledgement of rape: Individual, situational and social factors. Violence against women. 2001; 7:122-126

Abstract: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) alters normal biologic process of tendon healing through inadequate of growth factors, abnormalities in the production of cytokines, impaired neovascularization and collagen synthesis. Plasma Rich Platelet (PRP) have the ability to increase growth factor concentration which results in the increase of collagen production and tissue healing. Bovine collagen type I play role in intrinsic pathway which result in more elastic and stronger tendon. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the combination effect of bovine collagen type I and PRP in Achilles tendon ruptures of rat with DM type 1 through biomechanical and histopathological examination.This is an experimental study, performed in 25 adult male rat, divided into 5 groups. The first group was normal, second group was DM type 1, third group was DM type 1 treated with bovine collagen, fourth group was DM type 1 treated with PRP, and fifth group was DM type 1 treated with combination of collagen and PRP. The biomechanical evaluation was performed by traction machine until totally ruptured (ultimated strength) and through histopathological evaluation by count of tenoblast cell. Wefound there is significant difference in the third group and fifth group and no significant difference in the second and four group by biomechanical and histopathology examination (p-value <0.05).Combination of bovine collagen type I and PRP showed better biomechanical results on early ultimate strength of ruptured tendon on diabetes mellitus type 1.

Keywords: Bovine type I collagen, Plasma Rich Platelet, Tendon healing, Diabetes Mellitus type - 1.

[1]. Leppilahti,J.: Puranen J,; and Orava,S : Incidence of Achilles tendon rupture. Acta Orthop. Scandinavica, 67: 277-279. 1996
[2]. Maffuilli N, Longo UG, Maffuilli GD, Khana A, Denaro V. Achilles tendon ruptures in diabetic patients. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg2011; 131:33-38
[3]. M.H.B. Zakaria, W.A. Davis, T.M.E Davis, Incidence and predictors of hospitalization for tendon rupture in type 2 diabetes: the Freemantle Diabetes Study, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Australia
[4]. Azar FM,Sport Injury : Traumatic Disorders (In Canale ST, Beaty JH Eds. Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics. 11th Ed. Mosby-Elsevier. Philladelphia. 2007)
[5]. Maffuli N. Current Concepts Review Rupture of the Achilles Tendon. The Journal of Bone& Joint Surgery Am, 1999 Jul 01;81(7):1019-36
[6]. Rosalyn T, Nguyen, MD, Joanne Borg-Steinj, MD, Kelly Mcinnis, DO. Apllications of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Musculoskeletal and Sports Medicine: An Evidence-Based Approach. American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. USA. 2011

Abstract: Introduction: Orbit is a pyramidal structure consisting of innumerable structures such as the eyeball, fat, extra ocular muscles, nerves and blood vessels. Thus, the variety of tumours that can originate, grow, invade and lodge in the relatively small orbital cavity is amazing Methodology: The study was conducted over one year period. It was an interventional case series.. The decision for surgical intervention was taken as and when required. Conclusion: Knowledge of the demographic profile ,with a combination of clinical findings helps us to arrive at a clinical diagnosis. Imaging techniques are a must for accurate localization of the cause of proptosis. Inflammatory & neoplastic cases require immediate attention in order to save sight & life.

Keywords: proptosis, orbital tumors, orbitotomies.

1]. Chap 1. Orbital anatomy. American Academy of Ophthalmology. LEO; 2006. p7-16.
[2]. Deshpande RB, Leena P, Deodhar. Ocular and orbital tumours and tumour-like lesions - a clinico-pathological study of 64 cases. Journal of Postgraduate Medicine 1977; 25(2): 10-16.
[3]. Darsaut et al. An introductory overview of orbital tumors. Neurosurg. Focu 2001;10.:1-9
[4]. Kulshrestha OP, Arora I, Shukla Y, Mathur M. Experiences with orbital tumours .Ind J Ophthalmol 1983 ; 31( 4) : 313-315.
[5]. Nath K, Gogi R. Primary orbital tumours. Ind J Ophthalmol 1977; 25(2): 10-16.
[6]. Ingalls RG.Tumours of the Orbit and Allied Pseudotumours". Oxford, Thomas, Spring field, 1953 iii, Blackwell Scientific Publications

Abstract: Huge differences exist in oral health status of population groups in India. This is mainly attributed to differences in socioeconomic status. In India, health care is mostly provided by the private sector and in part by the public sector. Treatment for oral diseases is expensive and therefore, many patients are unable to receive any care. Dental safety net is defined as "the facilities, providers, and payment programs that supplement dental care specifically for underserved populations". Dental safety net providers are public and private non-profit organisations that provide comprehensive oral health care to children, adults and elderly. Examples of dental safety nets are rural safety net (targeting rural populations) and informal safety net (clinics, private physicians, traditional healers, etc.).In India, the formation and inclusion of dental safety net in public health services may significantly reduce oral health differences and meet the characteristics of primary care services.

Keywords: Dental Safety Net,Informal safety net, Public and private non-profit organisations, Rural safety net, Underserved population

[1]. Singh A And Purohitb,TargetingPoor Health: Improving Oral Health For The Poor And The Underserved, International Affairs And Global Strategy,3,2012,1-7.
[2]. Sivapathasundharamb,DentalEducation In India, Indian J Dent Res ,18(3):2007; 93.
[3]. Guayah,AccessTo Dental Care: The Triad Of Essential Factors In Access-To-Care Programs,J Am Dentassoc,Jun; 135(6),2004 ,779-85.
[4]. Bailit H, Beazoglou T, Dembyn,McfarlandJ, Robinson P And Waver R ,The Dental Safety Net: Current Capacity And Potential For Expansion. J Am Dent Assoc Jun; 137(6),2006,807-15.
[5]. Ahuja N. K And Renup,Demographics&Current Scenario With Respect To Dentists, Dental Institutions &Dental Practices In India . Indian Journal Of Dental Sciences ,June; 3(2),2011,8-11.

Abstract: CA 15-3 which detects soluble forms of MUC-1 protein is the most widely used serum marker in patients with breast cancer. Its main use is for monitoring therapy in patients with metastatic disease. For monitoring therapy, CA 15-3 should be used in conjunction with diagnostic imaging, clinical history and physical examination. CA 15-3 is particularly valuable for treatment monitoring in patients that have disease that cannot be evaluated using existing radiological procedures. Sera of 91 women, normal control, benign breast lesion and malignant breast lesion in pre, postoperative and follow up period were assayed for CA 15-3 by ELISA. In the malignant group (n=76), 43 cases had shown elevated value of CA 15-3 suggesting the sensitivity of this marker about 56% and the specificity of the marker about 100%.Elevated preoperative serum levels of CA 15-3 were significantly correlated with the presence of metastatic disease. In metastatic group the elevated value was seen in 100% of cases but in non-metastatic group it was variable. Elevated concentrations of CA 15-3 over the cut off may be a useful diagnostic and reliable indicator for the prognosis and also was useful in monitoring the therapy.

Keywords: CA 15-3, prognostic marker, follow-up, metastasis, breast cancer.

[1]. Duffy MJ, Evoy D, McDermott EW. CA 15-3: uses and limitation as a biomarker for breast cancer. ClinChim Acta. 2010 Dec 14;411(23-24):1869-74.
[2]. Nikhil G Thaker, Dolly R, Dina FC, Eric BS (2014): CA 15-3 reference range. emedicine Medscape article 2087491. 2014; 1-2.
[3]. Bast RC, Ravdin P, Hayes DF. Update of recommendations for the use of tumor markers in breast and colorectal cancer: clinical practice guidelines of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. J Clin Onc 2001; 19(6): 1865-78.
[4]. Stearns V, Yamauchi H, Haydes DH. Circulating tumor markers in breast cancer: accepted utilities and novel prospects. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1998; 52: 239-59.
[5]. A. Verring, A. Clouth, P. Ziolkowski, and G. M. Oremek clinical Usefulness of Cancer Markers in Primary Breast Cancer ISRN Pathology Volume 2011, Article ID 817618, 4 pages.
[6]. Mori M, Mimori K, Ueo, H. Int. J. Cancer. 1996; 68: 739.

Abstract: Pleomorphic adenoma de novo in the parapharyngeal space is a rare occurrence. Sometimes there may be a continuation of the deep lobe parotid linked by a thin continuation. But when it is de novo it is mostly from minor salivary gland and it is very much less in frequency [1].Here with we are presenting a case of pleomorphic adenoma of parapharyngeal space presented with obstructed sleep apnoea and difficulty in swallowing.

Keywords: pleomorphic, Parapharynx, adenoma, parotid, minor salivary tumour.

[1]. Eugene M Myers. Management of parapharyngeal tumour , editor chris de souza , head and neck surgery. Vol -2 , chapter 78,( Jaypee brothers medical publishers private ltd. 2009) , page 1131-1141
[2]. Patrick .J. Bradely . General epidemiology and statistics In a defined UK population , in Mcgurk M, Renehan (Ed), Controversies in the management of salivary gland disease ,( Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2001) Chapter 1, 3-12.
[3]. Waldron Ca, El Mofty Sk,Knepp Dr. Tumours of the intra oral salivary glands.a demographic & histologic study of 426 cases. Oral surgery oral med oral pathol. ; 66: 1988 , 323-333.
[4]. Eveson J W, Cawsor RA. Tumour of the minor salivary glands demographic studyof 336 cases . J oral pathol. 1985; 14,500-509.
[5]. Cohen MA.pleomorphic adenoma of the cheek. INT J. Oral maxillofac surg. ; 15, 1986 , 777-779.

Abstract: Liver abscess is fairly common in developing countries like India due to inadequate sanitation, overcrowding and poor nutrition. yet, there is limited data on the clinical profile and presentation at the medical wards. The liver is the common site of abscess of all the visceral abscesses which may arise from hematogenous spread of bacteria or from local spread from contagious sites like ruptured appendix and pyelonephritis [1]. Liver abscess can be of amebic and pyogenic liver abscess.

[1]. Miriiam J.Baron, Baron, Dennis L.Kasper, Anthony S.Fauci; Dan L.Longo ; Eugene Braunwald Et Al "Intraabdominal Infections And Abscess " Harrison 'S Principles Of Intenal Medicine , 17th Ed, Pg811. [2]. Todd A Nicholas ; Brian Red ; Lamar O Mack ; Mohammed Akoad Et Al a. Available From URL Http:// Www.Emedicine.Medscape.Com/Article/188802-Overview. [3]. Ruben Peratta ; Michelle V Lisgaris : Robert A Salata ; Sarah C Langenfeld Et Al a. Available From URL Http:// Www.Emedicine.Medscape.Com/Article/188802-Overview
[4]. M N Alom Siddiqui1, M Abdul Ahad2, A R M Saifuddin Ekram3,Q Tarikui Islam4, M Azizul Hoque5, Q A A L Masum Et Al, Clinico-Pathological Profile Of Liver Abscess In A Teaching Hospital The Journal Of Teachers Association RMC, Rajshahi , June 2008; Volume 21 Number 1

Abstract: Objective: To assess the infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices in Bhubaneswar in two different groups differing in their socio-economic- demographic parameters. Study design:A cross sectional study. Study setting:Well baby clinic and OPD of Hi Tech Medical College and Creches in Bhubaneswar city Subjects and Methods: Mothers of 350 infants and young children (210 BPL and 140 APL) were interviewed individually as per pre-designed questionnaire. The data was analysed by SPSS 16.0 software Observations:35.2% of BPL and 45 % of APL mothers initiated breast feeding within 1 hour of birth. 35% of BPL and 45% of APL had discontinued breast feeding before 6 months. 43.4% of BPL infants and 55% of APL infants were started with solid foods at 9-11 months of age.

[1]. Black RE, Morris SS, Bryce J. Where and why are 10 million children dying every year? Lancet. 2003;361:2226–34.
[2]. SahaKK, FrongilloEA, Alam DS, Ariffen SE, Persson LA, Rasmussen KM. Appropriate infant feeding practices result in better growth of infants and young children in rural Bangladesh. Am J ClinNutr. 2008;87:1852–9.
[3]. Martorell R et al. Reversibility of stunting: epidemiological findings in children from developing countries.Eur J ClinNutr. 1994;48 (Suppl):45-57.
[4]. National guidelines on infant and young child feeding: Ministry of women and child development (food and nutrition board) Govt of India; 2006.:9–28; 2nd ed. New Delhi
[5]. Breastfeeding and the Risk of postneonatal Death in the United States. Aimin Chen, MD, phD, Walter J. Rogan, MD. 5, s.l. :Pediatrics, May 2004, pediatrics, Vol. 113, pp. e435-39.

Abstract: Aim: To determine if spot urine protein/creatinine (P/C) ratio can be used as an alternative method to 24 hour urinary protein for detecting significant proteinuria in patients with pre-eclampsia. Method: Spot urine P/C ratio and 24 hour urine protein excretion was measured in 50 patients with pre-eclampsia. P/C ratio was determined in first morning midstream urine sample and total amount of protein excretion over 24 hours collection was measured on the next day. Correlation between the two parameters was measured and diagnostic cut off value was determined in relation to sensitivity and specificity, using the ROC curve analysis. Result: A strong correlation was observed from r=0.94 with p<0.0001. Optimal cut-off value was 0.20 with 83.33% sensitivity and 87.5% specificity. Conclusion: Spot urine P/C ratio may be a quick, convenient and accurate diagnostic test of significant proteinuria in patients of pre-eclampsia.

Keywords: proteinuria, protein/creatinine ratio, 24 hour urine protein, pre-eclampsia.

[1]. Williams Obstetrics, 24th edition. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.
[2]. Shahbazian Nahid, Hosseini-Asl Farzaneh. A comparison of spot urine P/C ratio with 24 hour urine protein excretion in women with pre eclampsia. IJKD 2008; 2:127-31.
[3]. Neithhardt AB, Dooley SL, Borensztajn J. Prediction of 24 hour protein excretion in pregnancy with a single voided urine protein to creatinine ratio. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002; 186:883-6.
[4]. Bansal B, Midha U, Goyal S, Bajwa N. Comparison of protein/creatinine ratio in single voided urine sample with 24 hours urine protein for estimation of proteinuria in pregnancy induced hypertension. J Obstet Gynecol India 2009;59(5)424-426.
[5]. Durnwald C, Mercer B. A prospective comparision of total protein/creatinine ratio versus 24-hr urine protein in women with suspected pre-eclampsia. Amer J Obstet Gynecol 2003;189: 848-52.
[6]. Aggarwal N, Suri V, Soni S, Kohli H. A prospective comparison of random urine protein-creatinine ratio vs 24-hr urine protein in women with preeclampsia. Medscape J Med 2008; 10: 98-102.

Abstract: Despite of the developments in field of endodontics, the basis of successful root canal treatment still remains the adequately cleaned and shaped root canals. The literature suggests several techniques for cleaning and shaping of root canals (1-4,6), but the technique that is best suitable and can be applied in all the cases has yet to be developed. The shaping ability of root canal instruments is determined by its ability to preserve original root canal curvature, without creating iatrogenic events, such as instrument fracture, external transportation, ledges or perforations (2-6).

[1]. Schilder H. Cleanimg and shaping the root canal Dent Clin North Am. 1974 Apr;18(2):269-96. [2]. Weine FS, Kelly RF, Bray KE (1976) The effect of preparation with endodontic handpieces on original canal shape. J Endod 1976; 2:298-303.
[3]. Vaudt J, Bitter K, Neumann K, Kielbassa AM. Ex vivo study on root canal instrumentation of two rotary nickel-titanium systems in comparison to stainless steel hand instruments. Int Endod J 2009;42:22–33.
[4]. Bonaccorso A, Cantatore G, Condorelli GG, Schafer E, Tripi TR. Shaping ability of four nickel-titanium rotary instruments in simulated S-shaped canals. J Endod 2009;35:883–6.
[5]. Lopes HP, Ferreira AA, Elias CN, Moreira EJ, de Oliveira JC, Siqueira JF Jr. Influence of rotational speed on the cyclic fatigue of rotary nickel-titanium endodontic instruments. J Endod 2009;35:1013–6.
[6]. Cheung GS, Liu CS. A retrospective study of endodontic treatment outcome between nickel-titanium rotary and stainless steel hand filing techniques. J Endod 2009;35:938–43.

Abstract: Safety climate, as a subset of safety culture, refers to the perceptions and attitudes about safety as an integral part of the work environment. Several studies and surveys have attempted to measure aspects of culture or climate in healthcare organizations and assess the extent to which safety was a strategic priority. In the Indian context, while studies have focused on clinical parameters as an index of patient safety, there has been lack of research on wider systemic issues such as the culture or climate of patient safety. This study is a baseline survey of frontline healthcare providers and administrative staff across multiple clinical units in an accredited hospital. Variations were found for the safety climate items across the clinical units, professions as well as based on experience. Staff nurses differed significantly in their perception of constant emphasis on safety in their units and belief in a nonpunitive culture. Staff with less than a year of experience showed lower perception of being encouraged to report safety concerns, belief in non-punitive systems as well as constant emphasis on safety. The areas of strength included respect for safety guidelines, importance of handovers and knowledge of reporting channels. Areas with potential for improvement included clinical leadership of consultants, multi-disciplinary briefings in units and the need for a non-punitive culture.

Keywords: Patient safety culture, Safety climate, Developing countries, Clinical microsystems,

[1]. Study group on human factors: third report: organizing for safety. 1993, HMSO: London.
[2]. Kohn, L., J. Corrigan, and M. Donaldson, To err is human: building a safer health system. 2000, Washington DC: National Academy Press.
[3]. A First Class Service: Quality in the new NHS. 1998, Department of Health: London.
[4]. Reason, J., Human error: models and management. British Medical Journal; Vol. 320, 2000: p. 768-770.
[5]. Measuring Safety Culture. 2011, The Health Foundation: London.
[6]. Yule, S., Senior Management Influence on safety performance in the UK and US energy sectors. 2003, Doctoral thesis, University of Aberdeen: Scotland.

Abstract: The prevalence of childhood pulmonary diseases is increasing worldwide. Reference standard for pulmonary function that is reported for Indian children and adolescent is mainly from Northern and Western part of the country. There is a paucity of data on pulmonary function of normal Eastern Indian adolescent. Therefore this study was planned to established reference standard for pulmonary function of Eastern Indian adolescents. Pulmonary function test was carried out in 1399 school boys aged 10-18 years in six schools in Hooghly District of west Bengal state. Subjects were grouped into three: pre pubertal (10-12 years), pubertal (13-14 years) and post pubertal (15-18 years). Anthropometric parameters such as height and weight were measured and body mass index and body surface area were derived. The lung function parameters studied were FVC, FEV1, PEFR and FEF25-75%. Correlation coefficients between pulmonary function parameters and anthropometric parameters were derived. Both simple and multiple regression equations were developed for pulmonary function. In adolescent boys aged 10-18 years positive correlation was noted between pulmonary function and age, height, weight, BSA and BMI. Maximum correlation was obtained with height followed by BSA and minimum with BMI. Both simple and multiple regression equations were predicted for very pulmonary function parameter. In view of the large sample size equations of the present study can be used largely to calculate lung functions in Indian adolescent boys particularly for Eastern Indian adolescent boys.

Keywords: Spirometry, FVC, FEV1, FEF25-75%, PEFR, Predicted equations for lung function

[1]. Vijayasekaran D, Subramanyam L, Balachandran A, Shivbalan S. Spirometry in clinical practice. Indian Pediatr. 2003; 40: 626-632.
[2]. Donnelly PM, yang TS, Peat JK, Woolcock AJ. What factors explain racial differences in lung volumes? Eur Resp J. 1981; 4: 829-838.
[3]. Vijayan VK, Kuppurao KV, Venkatesan P, Sankaran K, Prabhakar R. Pulmonary function of healthy adult Indians in Madras. Thorax. 1990; 45: 611-615.
[4]. Malik SK, Jindal SK. Pulmonary function tests in healthy children. Indian Paediatr. 1985; 22: 677-681.
[5]. Vohra RS, Shah SC, Shah GC. Pulmonary function in normal children. Indian Paediatr. 1984; 21: 785-6790.

Abstract: Aim: To evaluate association of apolipoproteins A1 and B and fasting lipid profile (FLP) with diabetic retinopathy (DR) in adults. Materials and Methods: This is a hospital based 9 months case control study of diabetic subjects (n= 169) by Ophthalmological examination and Biochemical parameters ( Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), FPL , Apolipoproteins A1 and B) .Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 17. Results: Out of 169 diabetic subjects studied(mean age - 55.46±9.78 years; mean BMI - 24.25±3.71; Mean duration of diabetes - 10.17±7.45years) , 51.5% (87/169) had no signs of DR, 11.8% (20/169) had mild NPDR, 16.6% (28/169) had moderate NPDR, 6.5% (11/169) had severe NPDR and 13.6% (23/169) had proliferative DR. FPG (p-0.02), TC (p-0.009), LDL-C (p-0.053), HDL-C (p-0.001) and TG (p-0.0001) were found to have a statistically significant association with DR. ApoA1 (OR-0.996 and p-0.393) and apo B (OR-1.006 and p-0.145) showed no statistically significant association with DR apo B /Apo A1 ratio (OR-2.11 and p-0.048) showed a statistically significant association with DR. No significant correlation was observed between various lipid parameters and apolipoproteins with different stages of diabetic retinopathy.

[1]. Andina Hu,Yan Luo,Tao Li,Xiaobo Guo,Xiaoyan Ding,Xiaobo Zhu et al.Low serum apolipoprotein A1/B ratio associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes. Grefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2012;250:957-962
[2]. Rema M,Premkumar S,Anitha B,Deepa R,Pradeepa R,Mohan V.Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in urban India:The Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study(CURES) Eye Study,Ⅰ. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci,2005;46:2328-2333
[3]. Sasongko MB,Wong TY,Nguyen TT , Kawasaki R,Jenkins A, Shaw J,et al .Serum apolipoprotein AI and B are stronger biomarkers of diabetic retinopathy than traditional lipids. Diabetes Care 2011;34:474–479
[4]. Chait A,Montes VN. Apolipoproteins and diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care 2011;34:529-531
[5]. Engerman RL.Pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.Diabetes.1989;38:1203-1206
[6]. Narendran V,John RK,Raghuram A,Ravindran RD,Nirmalan PK,Thulasiraj RD,Diabetic retinopathy among self reported diabetics in southern India: a population based assessment. Br J Ophthalmol 2002;86:1014-1018
[7]. Rema M,Srivatava BK,Anitha B,Deepa R,Mohan V. Association of serum lipids with diabetic retinopathy in urban south Indians-the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study(CURES) Eye Study,Ⅱ, Diabet Med 23:1029-1036

Abstract: Background:To compare the effects of intra-thecal bupivacaine alone, with dexmedetomidine and butorphanol administered by intravenous route as adjuvant to intra-thecal bupivacaine separately. Methods:The randomized, double blind comparative study was conducted in 60 patientsbelonging to ASA grade I or II, aged 18-55 years admitted for lower abdominal surgeries under spinal anesthesia. The patients were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=20). All patients were administered 15mg of 0.5% bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia. Group(B) was given spinal anesthesia alone. Group(B+D) was given DXM(1μg/kg) IV, group(B+B) was givenbutorphanol(20μg/kg) IVas an adjuvant to intra-thecal bupivacaine. Results:The mean time to reachmaximum sensory level was highest in Group(B) and least in (B+D).Total duration of analgesia was almost similar in DXM and butorphanol group and least in the control group. No. of rescue analgesic required was significantly lower in DXM group than the rest of the groups. VAS score was highest in the control group(B) while it was almost similar in DXM and butorphanol group.

[1]. Corning, JL (1888). "A Further Contribution On Local Medication Of The Spinal Cord, With Cases". New York Medical Record: 291–3.
[2]. Kanazi GE, Aouad MT, Jabbour-Khoury SI. Effect Of Low-Dose Dexmedetomidine Or Clonidine On The Characteristics Of Bupivacaine Spinal Block. ActaAnaesthesiol Scand. 2006; 50:222-7.
[3]. Aantaa RE, Kanto JH, Scheinin M, Kallio AM, Scheinin H: DexmedetomidinePremedication For Minor Gynecologic Surgery. AnesthAnalg; 1990, 70(4):407-13.
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[5]. Scheinin B, Lindgren L, Randell T, Scheinin H, Scheinin M. DexmedetomidineAttenuates Sympathoadrenal Responses To Tracheal Intubation And Reduces The Need For Thiopentone And Preoperative Fentanyl. Br J Anaesth; 1992, 68:126 -31.

Abstract: The study was aimed at characterizing the different Coagulase- negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolated from chronic skin ulcer out-patients attending four different hospitals in Kaduna State, Nigeria. A total of 292 swab samples were collected from January 2012 to January 2013. The samples were cultured using Chocolate and Blood agar media. Phenotypic characterization of the CoNS revealed the presence of Staphylococcus epidermidis (n=10, 28.5%), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (n=8, 22.9%), Staphylococcus chromogenes (n=7, 20.0%) Staphylococcus hyicus (n=4, 11.4%), Staphylococcus xylosus (n=5, 14.3%) and Staphylococcus intermedius (n=1, 2.9%). The different sites of chronic skin ulcer from where the CoNS were recovered revealed that the leg harbored the highest number of CoNS isolates of (n= 1, 51.4%), while the breast has the least isolate of (n= 1, 2.9%). The CoNS isolates were found mostly to be susceptible to Gentamicin, Ciprofloxacin, Trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, Chloramphenicol, Vancomycin and Erythromycin. However, they showed resistance mostly to Cefoxitin. Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and tetracycline. Key words: Phenotypic, CoNS, Antibiotic, Susceptibility, ulcer.

[1]. Akpaka PE, Christian N, Bodonaik NC, Smikle MF. Epidemiology of coagulase-negative Staphylococci isolated from clinical blood specimens at the university hospital of the West Indies. West Indian Med. J.2006; 55: 170.
[2]. Azuka A and Idahosa E. Species Distribution and Virulence Factors of Coagulase Negative Staphylococci Isolated From Clinical Samples From theUniversity of Benin Teaching Hospital, Edo State, Nigeria. Journal of Natural Sciences Research.2013; 3(9)38-43.
[3]. Bouchami O., Achour W and Hassen, B.A . Species distribution and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of coagulase-negative Staphylococci other than Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from various clinical specimens. African Journal of Microbiology Research.2011; l5 (11), 1298-1305,
[4]. Bowler P, Duerden B and Armstrong D. Wound microbiology and associated approaches to wound management. Clin Microbiol Rev.2001; 14(2):244–69.
[5]. Ciampolini Jand Harding KG . Pathophysiology of chronic bacterial osteomyelitis. Why do antibiotics fail so often? Postgrad Med J.2000;76: 479_83.

Abstract: Background: to evaluate the effect of five types of surface treatments on the surface roughness and Vickers hardness number of pressable ceramic. Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty discs shaped specimens were fabricated according to the manufacturer's instructions. The specimens were randomly divided into six groups according to the type of surface treatments. Each group consisted of twenty specimens and the groups were distributed as follows: Group 1: specimens were left without treatment (Contral group), Group2 : specimens were polished with red rubber wheel bur (feeding rate is 300 rpm, polishing time is 3 minutes), Group3 : the same as group 2, then the specimens were glazed, Group 4: the specimens were sandblasted with 50 μm particles for 20 seconds at a pressure of 3 bars and a distance of 50 mm from the sandblast nozzel tip, Group 5: the same as group 4, the specimens were glazed, Group 6: the specimens were glazed only. Each group divided randomly into two subgroups (10 specimens each), ten were subjected to hardness test using Digital microvickers Hardness tester and the other ten specimens of the subgroup were subjected to surface roughness test using Pocketsurf Profilometer device.

[1]. Ansong A. Brian Flinn B. Chung KH. Mancl L. Raigrodski A.J. Fracture toughness of heat-pressed and layered ceramics. J Prosthet Dent 109:234-240 2013.
[2]. Bonaa A.D. Mecholsky J.J. Anusavice K.J. Fracture behavior of lithia disilicate- and leucite-based ceramics . Dental Materials 20 (10 ) :956–962 2004.
[3]. Yondem I. Secilmis A. Inan O. Effect of finishing methods on surface roughness and color stability in all-ceramic systems. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 357: 1499–1503 2011.

Abstract: Objective(s): To evaluate the role of panvessel (umbilical, middle cerebral, uterine artery and ophthalmic artery) color Doppler study in normal and high risk pregnancy in relation to perinatal outcome. Method(s): A prospective study was done including 50 women with high risk pregnancy and 50 normal pregnant women during the year 2012-2014. Doppler examination was done after recording patients' history, clinical examination and ultrasound. Mode of delivery, perinatal outcome including birth weight, perinatal death, Apgar score at 1 and 5 minutes and admission to nursery were compared.

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Abstract: Denture cleansers correspond to a variety of products designed to safely remove stains, deposits, and debris from the surfaces of dental prostheses, by means of various methods. It is a known fact that, In spite of the increase in various cleansing products and dental awareness in patients, many, leave the dental office totally uninformed on how to care for their complete dentures. Various studies, show positives and possible negatives with the use of the same. Therefore awareness of these materials and the symptoms related to their exposure along with proper guidance to the patients is paramount for dental personals.

Keywords: Denture, cleansers, stains, debris, prosthesis.

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Abstract: Stem Cell Research is the most fascinating area of biology today. The discovery of stem cells dates back to 1950's when various experiments with bone marrow established their identity and their powerful role in regeneration of lost tissues. In the medical field scientists that stem cells offer a viable source of replacement cells to treat diseases like Diabetes, Parkinson's disease and cardiovascular disease, have hypothesized it. In the field of dentistry, lot of research is underway and cells with characteristics of adult stem cells have been isolated from dental pulp, deciduous tooth and periodontal ligament with the capacity of regeneration. This review highlights the potential role of stem cells in regenerative periodontics.

Keywords: Gene therapy, Periodontal ligament, Periodontal regeneration, Stem cells, Tissue engineering.

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