iosr-JDMS   Volume-14 ~ Issue-2 ~ February-2015

Abstract: Background: Non-attendance for appointments in health care results in wasted resources and disturbs the planned work-schedules. Regular diabetes follow-up allows for assessment of glycaemic control and earlier detection of, and intervention for, diabetes related complications. Various telemedicine approaches have been shown to have a positive impact on regular follow up and patient blood glucose control. Methods: Two hundred consenting type 2 diabetics receiving care at the general outpatient department of Bingham University Teaching Hospital were recruited and randomly allocated into intervention (SMS appointment reminders) and control (regular care) study arms in blocks of 100 subjects. Socio-demographic and clinical data were obtained with standardized questionnaires from both intervention and control study arms. The data was collated and analysed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) software 17.0. Results were presented as chi-squares, student t-test and other statistical means.

[1]. World Health Organization, "mHealth: New Horizons for Health Through Mobile Technologies", Global Observatory for eHealth Series, Volume 3, 2011.
[2]. "Cisco Visual Networking Index, "Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast Update, 2011-2016", February 14, 2012, pp. 1-3.
[3]. Ogbera AO, Chinenye S, Onyekwere A, Fasanmade O. Prognostic indices of diabetes mortality. Ethnicity Dis 2007; 17: 721–5.
[4]. Chinenye S, Uloko AE, Ogbera AO, Ofoegbu EN, Fasanmade OA, Fasanmade AA, Ogbu OO. Profile of Nigerians with diabetes mellitus - Diabcare Nigeria study group (2008): Results of a multicenter study. Indian J Endocr Metab 2012;16:558-64.
[5]. The improved Diabetes Atlas. 3 rd ed. International Diabetes Federation; 2006
[6]. Wild S, Roglic C, Green A, Sicrete R, King H. Global prevalence of diabetes: Estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care 2004;27:1047-53.

Abstract: Background:Nearly 1/3 rd of pediatric outpatient visits involve a dermatology complaint. Pediatric dermatoses needs a separate view from adults, due to differences in clinical presentation & treatment. Aim:To study the incidence &prevalance of pediatric dermatoses between the age group of 0-14 yrs in a period of 6 months. Materials & Methods: All children , 14yrs & below attending the Out patient department(OPD) of DVL , between January-June 2014 were enrolled in the study.. Diagnosis made by detailed history, clinical examination & appropriate investigations.

[1]. Sayal SK, Bal AS, Gupta CM. Pattern of skin diseases in pediatric age group and adolescents. Indian J DermatolVenereolLeprol 1998;64:117-9.
[2]. Gupta P, Sarkar R. Common skin disorders and leprosy. In:Ghai OP, Gupta P, Paul VK, editors. Ghai Essential Pediatrics.6th ed. New Delhi: CBS Publishers and Distributors; 2004.p. 627-63
[3]. Plewig G, Jansen T. Seborrheic dermatitis. In: Freedberg IM, Eisen AZ, Wolff K, Austen KF, Goldsmith LA, Katz SI, eds. Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in Internal Medicine. 6th ed. New York, USA: Mc Graw Hill; 2003. p. 1198-204.
[4]. Friedmann PS ,Holden CA.Atopic Dermatitis.In: Burns DA,Breathnach S Cox N, Griffiths C.editors.Rook's Textbook of dermatology.7th ed Blackwell Science:2004.p.18.1-18.31
[5]. Ashish Singh, S Ambujam, AN uma. cytogenetics: a new tool for early diagnosis and prognosis of tuberous sclerosis?. indian j dermatol 2011:56(3):347-9

Abstract: Renal dysplasia or multicystic dysplastic kidney is one of the commonly observed congenital urinary tract abnormality found in 2% of paediatric autopsies. Unilateral dysplasia is more common and compatible with extra uterine life. Bilateral renal dysplasia is very rare and incompatible with extra uterine life. It is seen in 1:10000 births and frequently in female foetus. Here we report a rare occurrence of bilateral renal dysplasia in a male foetus.

Keywords: Bilateral renal dysplasia, incompatible with life, male foetus.

[1] Robson WL, Leung AK, Thomason MA. Multicystic dysplasia of the kidney. Clin Pediatr (Phila). Jan 1995;34(1):32-40
[2] Rukmangadha N, Chowhan AK, Patnayak R, Radhika K, Phaneendra BV, Lakshmi AY, Reddy MK. Multicystic dysplastic kidney-a retrospective study with clinicopathological correlation. J Clin Sci Res 2013;2:88-93.
[3] Borade A, Prabhu AS, Prabhu GS, Prabhu SR,Chandramohan S: Antenatal diagnosis of bilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney.Amrita J Med,2010;6(1):36-37
[4] Ahuja, P., Kapoor, K.K.: Bilateral renal dysplasia (case report). Int. Urol. Nephrol., 10: 89–92, 1978
[5] Wacksman J, Phipps L. Report of the Multicystic Kidney Registry: preliminary findings. J Urol. Dec 1993;150(6):1870-2.
[6] Hsu PY, Yu CH, Lin K, Cheng YC, Chang CH, Chang FM. Prenatal diagnosis of fetal multicystic dysplastic kidney in the era of three-dimensional ultrasound: 10-year experience. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. Dec 2012;51(4):596-602.

Abstract:Objective: Estimation Of Serum Uric Acid (UA) And C-Reactive Protein (CRP) In Preeclamptic Patients And To Find Out Association Between These Biomarkers And Preeclampsia And Also The Role Of These Biomarkers As Predictors Of The Disease. Study-Design & Setting: A Case-Control Study Was Carried-Out In The Deptt. Of Biochemistry In Collaboration With Deptt.Of Obst.& Gynae., Regional Institute Of Medical Sciences(RIMS),Imphal (Manipur),India, From October 2011upto June 2013. Methods: Data Collected From 52 Preeclamptic Patients And 52 Normal Pregnant Women In 3rd Trimester Admitted In Antenatal Ward And Labour Room, Deptt. Of Obst.& Gynae.,RIMS Hospital.The Blood Samples Were Collected From The Patients And Analyzed For Serum UA And CRP Level

[1]. Dutta DC. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. In: Konar H, editor. Textbook of Obstetrics including Perinatology and Contraception. 7 th ed. India: New central book agency (P) Ltd; 2011. p. 219-40.
[2]. Villar J, Betran AP, Gulmezoglu M. Epidemiological basis for the planning of maternal health services.WHO/RHR 2001;111:298-02.
[3]. Khedun SM, Moodley J, Naicker T, et al. Drug management of hyper -tensive disorders of pregnancy. Pharmacol Ther 1997;74(2):221-58.
[4]. Sibai BM. Diagnosis and management of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol 2003 Jul;102(1):181-92.
[5]. Ness RB, Roberts JM. Heterogeneous causes constituting the single syndrome of preeclampsia: a hypothesis and its implications. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996 Nov;175(5):1365-70.

Abstract: Aim: to study the frequency of P53 over expression in ovarian neoplasms, to evaluate the usefulness of P53 in differentiating benign from malignant tumors and also to correlate over expression with size, grade and stage of the tumor. Methods: the study was done over a period of two years. Total of 96 cases were registered. For all the tumors routine H&E and Immuno Histo Chemistry (IHC) for p53 marker were done. Results: out of 96 cases 61 cases were benign. 30 cases were malignant, 5 cases were borderline. All the benign tumors were negative for P53 except two cases. All the 30 malignant cases were positive for P53. Conclusion: though p53 is strongly positive in malignant tumors it cannot differentiate borderline tumors from malignant tumors.

Keywords: P53, Immunohistochemistry, ovarian tumors.

[1]. Thomas P.stricker, vinay kumar. Neoplasia. In:vinay kumar.editor. Robbins and cotran pathologic basis of disease. 8th ed. Philadelphia; saunders: 2010.290-291.
[2]. Choudhury M, Goyal S, Pujani M. A cytohistological study of p53 overexpression in ovarian neoplasma.South Asian J Cancer2012;59-62.
[3]. Inoue M1, Fujita M, Enomoto T, Morimoto H, Monden T, Shimano T, Tanizawa O. Immunohistochemical analysis of p53 in ovarian tumors.Am J Clin Pathol. 1994 Nov;102(5):665-70.
[4]. Bosari S1, Viale G, Radaelli U, Bossi P, Bonoldi E, Coggi G. p53 accumulation in ovarian carcinomas and its prognostic implications.Hum Pathol. 1993 Nov;24(11):1175-9.
[5]. Marks JR1, Davidoff AM, Kerns BJ, Humphrey PA, Pence JC, Dodge RK, Clarke-Pearson DL, Iglehart JD, Bast RC Jr, Berchuck A Overexpression and mutation of p53 in epithelial ovarian cancer. j.Cancer Res. 1991 Jun 1;51(11):2979-84.

Abstract: Isolated subtalar dislocation is a rare dislocation. Subtalar dislocation is the simultaneous dislocation of talocalcaneal and talonavicular joint. Osteochondral fracture and failed closed reduction is common. Late complications are osteonecrosis of talus and secondary osteoarthritis. A 45 year old patient with isolated irreducible lateral dislocation is presented here. The result was graded as good at one year follow up.

Keyword: Lateral Subtalar dislocation.

[1]. Kitaoka HB, Alexander IJ, Adelaar RS, Nunley JA, Myerson MS, Sanders M. Clinical rating systems for the ankle-hindfoot, hallux and lesser toes. Foot Ankle Int. 1994; 15: 349-53.
[2]. Jerome JTJ, Varghese M, Sankaran B, Thirumangal K. Lateral subtalar dislocation of the foot ; A case report. The Foot And Ankle Journal. 1(12) : 2
[3]. Monson ST, Ryan JR. Subtalar dislocation. J Bone Joint Surj (Am) 1981, 63: 1156-1158.
[4]. Leitner B. Obstacles to reduction in subtalar dislocations. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1954; 36: 299-306.
[5]. Goldner JL, Poletti SC, Gates HS, Richardson WJ. Severe open subtalar dislocations. Long term results. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1995; 77: 1075-1079.

Abstract: Background: Dengue an endemic disease in subtropical and tropical regions of the world is causing severe epidemic in India and is endemic in many parts of India, especially the metropolitan cities and towns. Aim And Objectives: To co-relate the haematological data during the evolution of dengue fever and to predict the severity of the disease, based on laboratory rapid screening tests for IgM and IgG antibodies and NS1 antigen and to study the seasonal variation. As dengue causes increased morbidity and mortality and requires prompt diagnosis and treatment for the proper management of these cases, the rapid screening test for IgM/IgG antibodies helps clinicians toward achieving this goal. Material And Method: A prospective study of laboratory tests of positive dengue cases and its hematological profile over a period of one year between January 2013 to December 2013.

[1]. World Health Organisation, 2009. Dengue : Guidelines for Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control. New Edition, World Health Organisation and TDR for research on diseases of poverty.
[2]. Francisa Raimunda F.Guerreiro Azin et al. DENGUE: PROFILE OF HEMATOLOGICAL & BIOCHEMICAL DYNAMICS.Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter.2012;34(1):36-41.
[3]. Brasil.Ministerio da Saude. Secretaria de Vigilancia em Saude.Dengue: diagnostic e manejo clinic.2nd ed.Brasilia, DF; 2005.
[4]. Schatzmayr HG. Viroses emergentes e re-emergentes. Cad Saude Publica. 2001;17(suppl):209-13.
[5]. Sunil Gomber, V.G.Ramchandran, Satish Kumar, K.N.Agarwal, P. Gupta, D.K.Dewan. Hematological observations as diagnostics markers in dengue hemorrhagic fever-a reappraisal. indian pediatrics.Indian Pediatrics 2001;38: 477-481.
[6]. Munde DD, Shetkar UB, Clinical Features And Hematological Profile Of Dengue Fever, Indian Journal Of Applied Research; vol: 3 Issue 1, Jan 2013, 131-132.
[7]. Gubler DJ. The global emergence/resurgence of Arboviral diseases as public health problems. Arch med res 2002:33:330-42.
[8]. Guzman MG, Kouri G.Dengue: An update .Lancet Infect Dis 2002;2:33-42

Abstract: Yolk sac tumor amounts to 2-4% of cancer in women of reproductive age. These arise from germ cell of ovary, which is rare when compared to other germ cell tumor, but are highly malignant. When associated with pregnancy which is very rare, leads significant mortality and morbidity to both mother and baby due to limited investigation and therapeutic options. Here we present one such case where a 20-year-old lady with 30weeks pregnancy was diagnosed with yolk sac tumour and managed successfully.

[1]. Successful management of endodermal sinus tumor of the ovary associated with pregnancy.Shimizu Y, Komiyama S, Kobayashi T, Nakata K, Iida T.Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saiseikai-Utsunomiya Hospital, Utsunomiya-shi, Tochigi, Japan.
[2]. Jung SE, Lee JM, Rha SE et-al. CT and MR imaging of ovarian tumors with emphasis on differential diagnosis. Radiographics. 22 (6): 1305-25. doi:10.1148/rg.226025033 - Pubmed citation
[3]. Yamaoka T, Togashi K, Koyama T et-al. Yolk sac tumor of the ovary: radiologic-pathologic correlation in four cases. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 24(4): 605-9. J Comput Assist Tomogr (link) - Pubmed citation
[4]. Sustained complete remission in a patient with platinum-resistant ovarian yolk sac tumor.Jeyakumar A, Chalas E, Hindenburg A.Oncology/Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, New York 11501, USA.
[5]. Prognostic factors of patients with yolk sac tumors of the ovary.Nawa A, Obata N, Kikkawa F, Kawai M, Nagasaka T, Goto S, Nishimori K, Nakashima N.Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Japan.

Abstract: Background: Ectopic pregnancy is a pregnancy in which the fertilized ovum implants at a site other than the normal uterine cavity. Ruptured ectopic pregnancy is the leading cause of maternal mortality in the first trimester .The rise in the incidence of ectopic pregnancy is partly due to increase in risk factors like tubal and pelvic surgeries ,pelvic inflammatory disease ,infertility treatments and increase in sexual promiscuity .

[1]. Walker JJ. Ectopic pregnancy. Clinical Obstetrical Gynaecology 2007; 50:89-99.
[2]. Howkins and Bourne Shaw's Text book of Gynaecology,Twelfth Edition, Publishers B.I. Churchil Livingstone Pvt Ltd.
[3]. Josel Tenore "Ectopic Pregnancy" Am Fam Physician 2000;61(4):1080-1088
[4]. Jeffcoate's Principles of Gynaecology. International Edition, 5th Edition. Neerja, Bhatia, M.D.
[5]. 5.Samiya Mufti. ShaguftaRather,Samina Mufti,Reyaz A Rangrez, Wasiqa, Khalida ECTOPIC PREGNANCY: AN ANALYSIS OF 114 CASES.JK-Practitioner2012;17(4):20-23

Abstract: Prostrate represents the major organ for most of the surgical problems in the field of urology. Knowledge about the embryology, anatomy, histology and physiology is essential for understanding the etiopathology of the prostatic diseases. Investigations like digital per rectal examination, transurethral cystoscopy, fine needle aspiration cytology , core needle biopsy ,transrectal ultra sound examination and serum enzyme estimations are available. The present study is to evaluate the effectiveness of FNAC and to correlate with the biopsy of prostatic lesions. A total of 50 cases of prostatic lesions were studied by aspiration cytology and core biopsy through per rectal route in the same sitting. A lumbar puncture needle of 22 gauze with a 10 ml disposable syringe was used for aspiration and a true cut needle was used for biopsy. The results were correlated analyzed and compared with those of other authors. Fine needle aspiration cytology is the best investigation of choice for pre operative diagnosis, cytological grading of tumors. Recognizing tumor recurrence and also to study the effects of radiotherapy and hormone therapy. It is very useful, simple, cheap, repeatable technique in diagnosing the prostatic lesions.

Keywords: Adenocarcinoma Benign prostatic hyperplasia, ,Corebiopsy, FNAC, Prostrate

[1]. Campbell's urology, 5th edition by Patrick-C Walsh M.D. (volume 1 & 2).
[2]. Robbins's pathologic basis of disease, edited by Ramzi, S.Cotran, M.D. 8th edition.
[3]. Cytologically diagnosis of prostatic tumors by transrectal aspiration biopsy. A preliminary report by Franzen et al (British journal of urology 1960, 32,193-1966).
[4]. Cytologic malignancy grading of prostatic carcinoma by transrectal aspiration biopsy by P L Esposi (Scandinavian journal of nephrology 5:199-209, 1971).
[5]. ACTA Cytologica 10,182-186-1966 by Pier-Luigi Esposti M.D.

Abstract: In a health care system, adverse drug reactions are important as they account for hospitalization, disability, mortality, congenital anomaly economic burden. A small study was conducted by collecting data from Suspected ADR forms reported at AMC Guntur, to know the commonly occurring ADRs, severity of ADRs, suspected drugs causing ADRs and to improve public and patient safety. The data obtained from Suspected ADR reporting forms were analyzed for demographic distribution, causality assessment, the common organ system involved, the common causative drug, by using WHO-ADR terminology, WHO-ART classification. Of the total of 120 reactions reported the most commonly implicated organ system were skin and appendages (38.33%) blood (27.5%) and gastro-intestinal (17.5%) . The major causative drug classes were anti-retroviral (37.5%), anti-cancer agents (19.66%), antimicrobials (10.83%) .More than half of reactions were classified as probable/likely (52.5%),only few as Certain (1.66%),and some of the reactions are preventable. In this study a total of 65 (54.16%) patients were recovered, 49 (40.83%) patients were recovering at the time of last assessment . Many studies suggest that rational selection of drugs as per indications will improve patient safety.

Keywords: Adverse drug reaction , Suspected drug , ADR monitoring unit, Causality , Serious reaction.

[1]. Definitions - World Health Organisation. Available At Http://Www.Who.Int/Medicines/Areas Quality_ Safety /Safety Efficacy/Training Courses/Definitions.Pdf Accessed 15 Sep2014.
[2]. Alomar MJ. Factors Affecting The Development Of Adverse Drug Reactions (Review Article). Saudi Pharm. J. 2014:22(2):83-94.
[3]. Sharma VK, Sethuraman G, Kumar B. Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions: Clinical Pattern And Causative Agents - A Six Year Series From Chandigarh, India. J Postgrad Med. 2001;47(2):95-99.
[4]. Doshi MS, Patel PP, Shah SP, Dikshit RK. Intensive Monitoring Of Adverse Drug Reactions In Hospitalized Patients Of Two Medical Units At A Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital. J Pharmacol Pharmacother.2012:3(4):308-13.
[5]. International Monitoring Of Adverse Reactions To Drugs. WHO Adverse Reaction Terminology. Uppsala, Sweden: Uppsala Monitoring Centre:2007.

Abstract: Objective: The aim of this article is to establish the relevance of rapid maxillary expansion as a standard treatment for Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Methods: Three databases, Cochrane, Medline and Embase, were searched electronically (from 1960 through September 2014) for relevant randomised control trials. Articles which met all the inclusion and exclusion criteria were collected and systematically analysed. Results and Conclusion: Rapid maxillary expansion is an efficient and standard method of treatment for OSAS in children with narrow maxillary arch with malocclusions leading to OSAS and children with Down syndrome, and young adults with narrow maxillary arch with malocclusions leading to OSAS.

Keywords: rapid maxillary expansion – RME – sleep apnea – OSAS – obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

[1]. Morgenthaler TI, Kagramanov V, Hanak V, Decker PA. "Complex sleep apnea syndrome: is it a unique clinical syndrome?" Sleep 2006; 29 (9): 1203–9.
[2]. Pi-Chang Lee, Betau Hwang,Wen-Jue Soong, and C. C. LauraMeng : "The Specific Characteristics in Children with ObstructiveSleep Apnea and Cor Pulmonale" The ScientificWorld Journal Volume 2012, Article ID 757283, 6 pages [3]. El-Ad B, Lavie P (2005). "Effect of sleep apnea on cognition and mood".International Review of Psychiatry (Abingdon, England) 17 (4): 277–82.
[4]. Sullivan S, Li K, Guilleminault C. "Nasal obstruction in children with sleep-disordered breathing."Ann Acad MedSingapore 2008; 37 : 645-8.
[5]. Guimaraes CVA, Kalra M, Donnelly LF, et al. "The frequency of lingual tonsil enlargement in obese children."AJR Am JRoentgenol 2008; 190 : 973-5.

Abstract: Aim: To determine the long term effectiveness and efficiency of various orthodontic retainers. Materials And Methods: A thorough search was done in pubmed using words orthodontic retainers under clinical trials. Conclusion: Removable retainer have showed equal significance compared to fixed retainer. However when it comes to compare the efficiency of which retainer is better there are not much of data available. Only one article compared fixed retainer with removable retainer based on only on tooth wear and hence more clinical trials should be conducted to compare the effectiveness of removable retainer and fixed retainer.

Keywords: Removable retainers, fixed retainers.

[1]. Melrose C, Millett D. Towards a perspective on orthodontic retention? American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 1998; 113(5):507-14.
[2]. Blake M, Bibby K. Retention and stability: a review of the literature. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 1998; 114(3):299-306.
[3]. Burke S, Silveira A, Goldsmith L, Yancey J, Van Stewart A, Scarfe W. A meta-analysis of mandibular intercanine width in treatment and post retention. Angle Orthodontist1998;68:53-60.
[4]. Rami Reddy.M.S, Suma.S, Chandrasekhar.B.R, Ankur Chaukse.Retention Appliances –A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DENTAL CLINICS 2010:2(3): 31-36.
[5]. Proffit W, Fields H, Sarver D. Contemporary orthodontics: Mosby Inc; 2007.

Abstract: Creams are external preparations, are both liable to microbial contaminations either in the course of their preparation, transportation and/or accidentally, during use by the consumers which may lead to their spoilage. A total of sixty three (63) samples representing three different brands of cosmetic creams. Concerning skin moisturizing creams, samples included 18 containers of skin moisturizing creams, 27 containers of foundation creams and 18 containers of bleaching creams were subjected to microbiological examination. Pseudomonas aeruginosae and Staphylococcus epidermidis were recovered from 33.3 % and 55.5% of the tested Novo face cream respectively. However 22.2% of Nivea soft cream samples were contaminated with Staphylococcus epidermidis. No coliform bacteria were recoverd from all samples under test.

[1]. Curry J. C., Brannan D. K. and Geis P. A. (2006): History of cosmetic microbiology. In: Geis PA editor. Cosmetic microbiology, 2nd ed., Taylor & Francis Group, New York, pp.3-17.
[2]. Baird R. M. (1998): Contamination of non-sterile pharmaceuticals in hospital and community environments. In: Hugo W. B., Russell A. D. editors. Pharmaceutical microbiology, 6th Ed., Blackwell Science, Oxford, pp.374-384.
[3]. Geis P. A. (2006): Preservation strategies. In: Geis P. A. editor. Cosmetic microbiology, 2nd Ed., Taylor & Francis Group, New York, pp.163-180.
[4]. Bos, C. E., Van Doorne, H. and OLerk, C.F. (1989): Microbiological stability of tablets stored under tropical conditions. Inter. J Pharm.; 55:175-83.
[5]. Chessbrough M. (2005): Distinct Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries; 2: 62-70.

Abstract: Heart failure is a major and growing public health issue. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the association between diabetes mellitus and heart failure. Methods: In this study 150 (78 males and 72 females) participants of Libyan attended Emergency department and Intensive Care in Tajoura National Heart Center and Tripoli Medical Center, were selected during the period from 4/2013 to 11/2013, with diagnosis of heart attack and their age range from 30-80 years old.

[1]. DeFronzo R. A. 2004: International Textbook of Diabetes Mellitus. 3rd ed. Chichester , West Sussex, Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.
[2]. Wild S., Roglic G., Green A., Sicree R., King H. 2004: Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care; 27:1047–1053.
[3]. 3.Tuomilehto J., Borch-Johnsen K., Molarius A., Forsen T., Rastenyte D., Sarti C. and Reunanen A. 1998: Incidence of cardiovascular disease in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic subjects with and without diabetic nephropathy in Finland. Diabetologia, 41:784-790.
[4]. Zarich S., Nesto R. 1989: Diabetic cardiomyopathy. Am Heart J; 118:1000.

Abstract: The advent of dentistry relates to dentogenic infection. Egyptian colleagues already knew in 1500BC importance of treating periapical infection foci to prevent their systemic spread. Modern dentistry and the detection and use of antibiotics, on the other hand, have caused an erroneous confidence that oral infections are no longer a threat to general health.

[1]. Heimdahl.A ,Hall.G Et Al, Detection & Quantitation By Lysis Infiltration Of Bacteremia After Different Oral Surgical Procedures , Journal Of Clinical Microbiology, 1990,28,12-15.
[2]. Derizen.S, Oral Complications Of Cancer Therapies, Description And Incidence Of Oral Implication, Nci Monographs,1990,9, 11-15
[3]. Nikoskelainen, J. , Oral Infections Related To Radiation And Immunosuppressive Therapy. Journal Of Clinical Periodontology,1990,17, 504-507.
[4]. Masaya Akashi, Yasuyuki Shibuya, Myelosuppression Grading Of Chemotherapies For Hematologic Malignancies To Facilitate Communication Between Medical And Dental Staff, Bmc Oral Health , 2013;13(41).
[5]. Catherine H.L. Hong Joel J. Napenas ,A Systematic Review Of Dental Disease In Patients Undergoing Cancer Therapy Supportive Care In Cancer, Vol. 18, No. 8, (2010), Pp. 1007-1021

Abstract: Background: HIV infected individuals, are central to the prevention and control of HIV in Nigeria. Yet not much is known if they are concerned about preventing transmission of the virus to others. The purpose of this study therefore was to determine the knowledge attitude and practices of patients seeking HIV/AIDS care in Jos towards preventing transmission to others. Methodology: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted among HIV patients registered in the HIV/AIDS clinics of the three major public Hospitals in Jos, Plateau state using a multistage sampling method. Data was collected using interviewer administered questionnaire.

[1]. Chin, J Control of communicable diseases manual (Baltimore Md, United Book press Inc.
[2]. Ciccarone DH, Kanouse DE, Collins RL, et al. Sex without disclosure of positive serostatus in a US probability sample of persons receiving medical care for HIV infection. American Journal of Public Health.2003; 93:949-954.
[3]. Marks G, Crepaz N, Senterfitt JW, et al. Meta-analysis of high risk sexual behaviour in persons aware and unaware they are infected with HIV in the United States. Journal of AIDS.2005; 39:446-453.
[4]. De boer B. Criminal, deliberate and reckless transmission of HIV. Accessed September15 2005, at : http://www.avert.org/"
[5]. Cap.148 Laws of Lagos State. 1995

Abstract: Ayurveda helps women gain better health and add quality to her life by following "paricharyas"-conduct to be followed during different phases of life like Rajaswala, Garbhini, and Sootika. The most neglected paricharya is the rajaswala paricharya. This topic was selected because it was observed that while Ayurveda has not mentioned any symptoms, modern sciences has described fatigue, lower abdominal pain etc as associated symptoms of menstrual cycle. This study is helpful to find out whether the Rajaswala paricharya has an effect on the menstrual cycle and its associated symptoms. The study was done on 30 healthy unmarried females in the age group of 18 to 24 years having regular menstrual cycle. Subjects were asked to follow the rajaswala paricharya for first three days of their menstrual cycle for a period of six cycles. Menstrual history was taken before and after following the paricharya. Observations were made on the follow-up of each regime every month, number of symptoms of each subject and number of subjects showing presence of each symptom. Chi square test showed significant decrease in the number of subjects showing presence of symptoms.Rajaswala paricharya helps women respond healthily to the drastic physical and psychic changes during the menstrual cycle and in relieving most of the associated symptoms of menstrual cycle.

Keywords: Rajaswala, Paricharya, Menstrual cycle, Associated symptoms.

[1]. Ravidutt Tripathi, Yonivyapat chikitsa adhyaya, Chikitsasthan 30/225, CharakSamhita (Varanasi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan, 2006).
[2]. Ravidutt Tripathi, Jatisutriya sharir adhyaya, Sharirsthan 8/5, CharakSamhita (Varanasi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan, 2006).
[3]. Dr.Ambikadutta Shastri, Shukra shonit shuddhi sharir adhyaya, Sharirsthan 2/25,SushrutSamhita(Varanasi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan, 2006).
[4]. Brahmanand Tripathi, Garbhavkranti sharir adhyaya, Sharirsthan 1/24-26,AshtangHrudaya(Varanasi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan, 2007).
[5]. K.R.Shrikant Murthy, Sharirsthan 1/44-45, Ashtangsangraha (Varanasi: Chaukhamba Orientalia, 2007)
[6]. Ravidutt Tripathi, Uttarbasti siddhi adhyaya, Siddhisthan 12/10-11, CharakSamhita (Varanasi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan, 2006).

Abstract: The aim of the study was to assess microbial quality of water in dental unit waterlines in a dental school at Mangalore. Methodology: Water samples were taken from tap water for control, air/water syringe and the high speed hand piece of 20 dental units. The samples were transferred to the laboratory and streaked on the culture media namely Mac Conkey agar, Sabourauds dextrose media, Buffered charcoal yeast extract agar base & Lactobacillus agar. The microorganisms were identified by gram staining followed by the biochemical methods and the number of colony forming units (CFU) was determined.

[1]. Szymanska J.Biofilm and dental unit waterlines.Ann Agric Environ Med 2003;10(2):151-7.
[2]. Walker JT,Bradshaw DJ,Benett AM,Fulford MR,Martin MV,Marsh PD.Microbial biofilm formation and contamination of dental unit water systems in general practice.Appl Environ Microbiol 2000:66(8):3363-7.
[3]. Fischer S, Meyer G, Kramer A. Economic comparison of conventional maintenance and electrochemical oxidation to warrant water safety in dental unit water lines. GMS Krankenhaushyg Interdiszip. 2012;7(1):Doc08.
[4]. Souza-Gugelmin MC,Lima CD,Lima SN,Mian H,I to IY.Microbial contamination in dental unit waterlines.Brax Dent J 2003:14(1):55-7.
[5]. Caroline L.Pankhurst,N.W Johnson.Microbial contamination of dental unit waterlines:the scientific argument.Int Dent J 1998(48)359-368
[6]. Barbeau J,Tanguay R,Faucher E,Avezard C,Trudel L,Cote L,et al.Multiparametric analysis of waterline contamination in dental units.Appl Environ Microbiol 1996;62(11):3954-9.

Abstract: Introduction: Pregnancy related kidney injury is a serious medical complication with significant mortality in developing countries. Methods: A prospective observational study performed on postpartum women with acute kidney injury in a tertiary centre in south India over a 2 year period(2013-2014). Demographic and clinical data were collected and maternal, neonatal and fetal outcomes were analysed.

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Abstract: Aim: To evaluate whether any of the ABO blood groups are associated with an increased risk for OSMF and oral cancer. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted at Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Sri Aurbindo College of dentistry, Indore, after obtaining permission from the Institutional review board. The study sample comprised 60 patients of each histologically diagnosed Oral Squamous Cell carcinoma (OSCC, n=30), clinically diagnosed oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF n=30) and 30 control groups. For statistical analysis, Chi-square Test using Graph Pad prism 5 software to assess the relationship between ABO blood groups and OSCC, OSMF and control group.

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Abstract: Background: Brucellosis is an important re-emerging zoonosis with a worldwide distribution. It is a common but often neglected disease in India. Objectives: To detect prevalence of brucellosis in clinically suspected cases of Fever of Unknown Origin and to compare the diagnostic efficacy of ELISA and Conventional blood culture. Material And Methods: Blood samples from 100 suspected cases of fever of unknown origin (FUO) were subjected to Conventional blood culture and ELISA.

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