iosr-JDMS   Volume-14 ~ Issue-2 ~ February-2015

Abstract: Goal of prosthodontics is rehabilitation of missing oral and extra oral structures with restoration of normal function of mastication, speech, swallowing, appearance etc. Malignancies are common in oral region, which are treated through surgical intervention. Surgical intervention creates devastating effects on aesthetics, functional and psychological aspects of patients. anatomic defect which forms communication among the oral cavity, nasal cavity and maxillary sinus. In such cases it is very difficult for the patient to perform various normal functions like mastication, swallowing, and speaking etc. Prosthodonticrehabilitation with obturator prosthesis restores the missing structures and act as a barrier between the communications among the various cavities.

Keywords: Upper jaw defects. Acrylicobturator, Interim prosthesis.Rehabilitation.

[1]. Tirelli G, Rizzo R, Biasotto M, Di Lenarda R, Argenti B, Gatto A, Bullo F. Obturator prostheses following palatal resection: clinical cases. ActaOtorhinolaryngol Ital. 2010 Feb;30(1):33-39

[2]. Chalian VA, Drane JB, Standish SM. Maxillofacial prosthetics. Multidisciplinary practice. Baltimore (MD): Williams and Wilkins; 1971. p. 133-148

Abstract: Introduction: Hematological abnormalities are a common complication of HIV infection. Anemia is the most common abnormality found in the people living with HIV. It is observed that the severity of anemia increase the mortality in PLWH independent of CD4 count. There are wide variations in the prevalence of anemia from different countries all over the world. Also gender specific variation observed in different studies. Aims and Objectives: Aim of our study was to collect the data from India and study the anemia and its gender specific variation in people living with HIV in India.

[1]. Mocroft A, Kirk O, Barton SE, Dietrich M, Proenca R, Colebunders R, et al. Anaemia is an independent predictive marker for clinical prognosis in HIV-infected patients from across Europe. Euro SIDA study group. AIDS 1999; 13(8):943-950.
[2]. Moore RD, Keruly JC, Chaisson RE. Anemia and survival in HIV infection. J Acquir Immune DeficSyndr Hum Retrovirol1998; 19(1):29-33.
[3]. Sullivan PS, Hanson DL, Chu SY, Jones JL, Ward JW. Epidemiology of anemia in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons: results from the multistate adult and adolescent spectrum of HIV disease surveillance project. Blood 1998; 91(1):301-308.
[4]. Coyle TE. Hematologic complications of human immunodeficiency virus infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Med Clin North Am 1997; 81:449–70.
[5]. Amballi A1,Ajibola A2,Ogun, S. A.3, Ogunkolo, O. F.2, Salu, L. O.4, and Oritogun, K. S.4 and Oyegunle, V. A.1 Demographic pattern and haematological profile in people living with HIV/AIDS in a university teaching hospital. Scientific Research and Essay Vol. 2 (8), pp. 315-318, August 2007.

Abstract: Aim: This prospective Crossectional study was designed toevaluate the various pathological conditions leading to dysphagia in north-eastern India. Materials And Methods: From August 2010 till June 2014, data of patients presenting with dysphagia were recorded in prospective manner. Data included age, sex,and duration of dysphagia. And then the patients were subjected to Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (UGIE) under Local Anesthesia (LA)as an Out Patient basis. Results: A total of 220 patients were subjected for upper GI endoscopy. There were 140 males and 80 females. The final diagnosis was carcinoma esophagus in 125, 22 Carcinoma gastro esophageal junction, 19 Carcinoma oropharynx, 10 superficial esophagitis, 8 benign stricture, 5 Gastro esophageal reflux, 4 esophageal varices, 5 esophageal diverticulum, 2 cases of Achalasia and 20 with normal findings. Conclusion: Malignancy of the esophagus and stomach are the most common cause for dysphagia in this part of the country.

Keywords: Dysphagia, Upper GI endoscopy, Causes of dysphagia.

[1]. Nafees A Qureshi, Michael T Hallissey and John W Fielding. Outcome of index upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in patients presenting with dysphagia in a tertiary care hospital. BMC Gastroenterology 2007; 7:43.
[2]. Tobias Warnecke, Rainer Dzeiwas, Stephan Olenberg, Martin Ritter, Raif Dittrich, Wolf-Rudiger Schabitz et al. Serial Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing in Patients With Acute Stroke and Dysphagia. Case Report and General Considerations. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases 2006; 16:172-175.
[3]. Haddow, K MacDoudgall, GM Buchanan, MA Bates. Dysphagia. BMJ 2001;323: 850-853.
[4]. Shyam Varadarajulu, Mohamad A. Eloubeidi, Rig S. Patel, Hugh E. Mulcahy, Alan Barkun, Paul Jowell et al. The yield and the predictors of esophageal pathology when upper endoscopy is used in the initial evaluation of dysphagia. American Journal of Surgery 2005; 61: 804-808.
[5]. Gupta SD, LV Petrus, FJ Gibbins and AW Dellipiani. Endoscopic Evaluation of Dysphagia In The Elderly. Oxford Journals 1987; 16: 159-164.
[6]. RK Phukan1, MS Ali, CK Chetia and J Mahanta. Betel nut and tobacco chewing; potential risk factors of cancer of oesophagus in Assam, India. British Journal of Cancer 2001; 85:5: 661–667..

Abstract: Cognitive impairment is a common important effect of night time sleep loss. However, in addition, compelling evidence links sleep loss to alterations in the metabolic, endocrine, immune and inflammatory systems with potential clinical relevance. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of sleep deprivation on white blood cell indices in night shift nurses. Twenty one (21) subjects during their night shifts were used for the study (10 males and 11 females). Blood samples (2ml) were collected from the subjects via venepuncture and analysed using standard methods to determine the total white blood cell count and differential white blood cell count. Samples were collected at the commencement of the night shift and after four days of night shift duty. Results were presented as mean ± S.D and data analysed with paired t-test with a level of significance of p<0.05. The result showed a significant decrease in mean white blood cell count (from 5.41± 1.42× 103cells/μl to 4.47 ± 0.97 × 103cells/μl at p< 0.001) and mean neutrophil differential count (58.43 ± 9.00% to 47.10 ± 11.30%) at p < .0.05. There wasa significant increase in differential lymphocyte count (from 33.38 ± 10.13% to 43.86 ± 7.37 % at p< 0.001). Sleep deprivation in night shift nurses was associated with a significant decrease in mean white blood cell count and mean differential neutrophil counts with an increase in the mean differential lymphocyte count.

Keywords: immune cells, nurses, sleep deprivation, sleep loss, shift work.

[1]. AlDabal, L. and BaHammam, A. S. (2011). Metabolic, Endocrine , and Immune Consequences of Sleep Deprivation. Open Respir. Med., 5: 31 -43.
[2]. Besedovsky, L., Lange, T. and Born, J. (2012). Sleep and immune function. Pflugers Arch., 463(1): 121–137.
[3]. Born, J., Lange, T., Hansen, K., Molle, M. and Fehm, H. L. (1997). Effects of sleep and circadian rhythm on human circulating immune cells. J. Immunol., 158: 4454 - 4464
[4]. Colten, H. R. and Altevogt, B. M. (2006). Sleep Disorders and Sleep Deprivation an Unmet Public Health Problem. National Academies Press (US), Washington (DC). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK19961/
[5]. Davis, S., Mirick, D. K. and Stevens, R. G. (2001). Night shift work, light at night, and risk of breast cancer. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 93 (20): 1557 -1562.

Abstract: The objective of this study is to compare Polydioxanone (PDS) and Polypropylene (PPL) suture material for fascial closure,in midline abdominal incisions using interrupted X sutures in terms of post-operative wound complications. Patients for clinical study were selected from the surgical wards of Mc-Gann Teaching and District Hospital, SIMS from Jan 2012 to Dec 2013 with the following inclusion and exclusion criteria: A minimum of 50 cases of randomized midline laparotomy incisions were studied, after informed consent to either a Polydiaxanone (PDS) or Polypropylene (PPL) suture material. Equal number of cases (25) were studied for closure with these two suture materials.

[1]. Orr JW, Orr PF, Barret JM. Continuous or interrupted fascial closure: a prospective evaluation of no. 1 Maxon suture in 402 gynecologic procedures. Am J Obstet Gynecol1990; 163: 1485-89.
[2]. Chana RS, Sexena YC, Agarwal A. A prospective study of closure technique of abdominal incisions in infants and children. J Indian Med Assoc 1980; 88:359-69.
[3]. Carlson MA: Acute wound failure. Surg Clin North Am 1997;77:607-636.
[4]. Shukla HS, Kumar S, Misra MC, Naithani YP. Burst abdomen and suture material: a comparison of abdominal wound closure with monofilament nylon and chromic catgut. Indian J surg 1981 ;43:487-91.
[5]. Dudley HAF. Layered and mass closure of the abdominal wall. Br J Surg 1970;57:664-7.

Abstract: Granular Cell Tumor (GCT) formerly known as Granular Cell Myoblastoma and Abrikosoff's tumor is a rare neoplasm. It is a benign lesion affecting the mucous membrane of the upper aerodigestive tract. GCT is a tumor of uncertain origin that has been variably considered a true neoplasm, a degenerative metabolic process or a trauma induced proliferation. Most GCTs are benign, but approximately 10% have malignant behaviour. Metastases to the regional lymph nodes and distant metastases have been observed. 1,2 We report a case of a GCT which presented as a nodular swelling of the buccal mucosa.

[1]. Granular cell Tumor of the Parotid Gland : An Exceptionally Rare Occurrence Kypros Dimosthenous and Alberto Righi INT J SURG PATHOL 2008 16:213
[2]. Granular Cell Tumor of the Palate: A case Report. Rita Boulos,Kathlyn Marsot-Dupuch,Philippe De Saint-Maur,Bernard Meyer, and Patrice Tran Ba Huy Am J Neuroradiol 23:850-854
[3]. Histogenesis of Abrikossoff tumor of the oral cavity F Haikal,JP Maceira, EP Dias, M Ramos-E-Silva International Journal Of Dental Hygeine 8,2010; 53-62
[4]. Ulcerative Granular Cell Tumor; A Clinicopathological and Immunohistochemical Study Mohamed El-Khalawany,Al –Sadat Mosbeh,Fatma Abd-Al Salam, Amany Abou-Bakr Journal Of Skin Cancer Volume 2011
[5]. Granular Cell Tumor of the Tongue Pia Lopez-Jornet NYSDJ AUG/SEP 2008

Abstract: Cysticercosis is caused by cysticercus cellulose , the larval form of pork tapeworm,Taenia Solium. Ocular cysticercosis may be extraocular (subconjunctival or orbital tissue) or intraoular (vitreous,subretinal space or anterior chamber Intraocular cysticercosis usually occurs as a part of systemic infection .Isolated ocular involvement is uncommon in clinical practice. We report two cases of isolated ocular cysticercosis with special reference to use of diagnostic modalities and treatment.

Keywords: cysticercosis, subconjunctival mass,scolex

[1] Earnest MP,Reller LB ,et al. Neurocysticercosis in the United States:35 cases and a review.Rev Inf Dis 1987;9:961-79 .
[2] Friedman AH. Cysticercosis In:Pepose JS,Holland GN ,Wilhelmus KR,eds.Ocular Infection and Immunity.St.Louis: Mosby;1996:1236-42.
[3] Sharma T,Sinha S.Intraocular cysticercosis: clinical characteristics and visual outcome after Viteoretinal surgery.Ophthalmology 1993;110(3):996-1004
[4] Chatterjee KD,Parasitology Protozoology and Helminthology, 13 th edition,section Helminthology ;154-155.
[5] Murthy GR,Rao AV. Subconjunctival cysticercosis.IJO;july (1980;2812):77-8.
[6] 5-Ziaei M,Elgohary M,Bremner FD.Orbital Cysticercosis,case report &review.orbir.Oct2011;30(5):230-5
[7] Rath S,Hanavar SG,Naik M,et al.Orbital Cysticercosis:clinical manifestation, diagnosis, management and outcome. Ophthalmology. Mar 2010;117(3):600-5,605.e1 .

Abstract: The aim of this clinical report is to describe the management of a 20-year-old female patient affected by ectodermal dysplasia. Dental treatment can vary depending on the severity of the disease and age of the patient. The definitive treatment plan may include removable, fixed or implant-supported prostheses or a combination of these options depending on the remaining alveolar bone and pattern of missing teeth. The patient had ten retained deciduous teeth and only 14 permanent teeth (oligodontia). The retained deciduous canines were peg shaped. Wide midline diastema was evident. Maxillary and mandibular arches were poorly developed. Examination also revealed anterior open bite and bilateral posterior cross bite. All the teeth were not well aligned and there was no occlusion at all. Patients with disease often need a multidisciplinary team approach to treatment planning and dental treatment to regain appropriate function, esthetics and comfort.

Keywords: Clinical report, Ectodermal dysplaia, Oligodontia, Midline diastema, Posterior crossbite.

[1]. Vallejo AP et al. Treatment with removable prosthesis in hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplaia. A clinical case.Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal.2008 Feb 1;13(2):E 119-23.
[2]. Priolo M et al. Ectodermal dysplasias: a new clinical-genetic classification. J Med Genet 2001; 38:579-585.
[3]. Bal C et al. treatment considerations for a patient with hypohydrotic ectodermal dysplasia: A case report. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 March;(9)3:128-134.
[4]. Guckes AD et al. Prospective clinical trial of dental implants in persons with ectodermal dysplasia.2002 July;21-25.
[5]. Tarjan I. Early prosthetic treatment of patients with ectodermal dysplasia: A clinical report: J Prosthet Dent 2005; 93: 419-24.
[6]. Shigli A et al. Hypohydrotic ectodermal dysplasia: A unique approach to esthetic and prosthetic management: A case report: J of Indian society of pedodontics and preventive dentistry 2005;23:31-34.
[7]. Bergendal B. Prosthetic habilitation of a young patient with hypohydrotic ectodermal dyplasia and oligodontia: A case report of 20 years of treatment. Int J Prosthodont 2001; 14:471-479.

Abstract: Background: Herpes Zoster is a disease which is caused by reactivation of latent varicella zoster virus and is usually self limiting in healthy adults. But the case seems to be different in patients with immuno suppression. In this era of HIV infection, HIV seropositive patients are at increased risk of suffering from severe or disseminated cutaneous or visceral involvement. Aims: 1. To study the clinical presentation and complications of Herpes Zoster in immuno competent and HIV seropositive patients. 2. To study the epidemiological factors of Herpes Zoster. 3. To know the HIV prevalence among patients with Herpes Zoster. Material And Method: A total of 100 patients with Herpes Zoster attending DVL OP at S.V.R.R. Govt. General Hospital, Tirupati (AP) were studied.

[1]. C. Laxmisha et al; the spectrum of varicella zoster virus infection, a hospital based study in South India, IJDVL, 2004; 49, 28-31.
[2]. AL Das et al; Herpes Zoster in patients with HIV, IJDVL 1997, Vol. 63 issue 2 page 101 – 104.
[3]. Jain A et al; Herpes zoster in a 9 month old infant, IJDVL, 1999, Vol. 65, 294 – 295.
[4]. Mathur M.P et al : Herpes Zoster – A clinical study, J. Ind. Med. Assoc. 1967 – 49: 237 – 40.
[5]. Chaudary S.D. et al; A clinico – epidemiologic profile of herpes zoster in North India, IJDVL, 1987:53: 213 – 16.
[6]. Dubey Anand Kumar et al; Clinical and Morphological characteristics of herpes zoster in South India, Indian Journal of Dermatology, 2005, Vol. 50, Issue 4.

Abstract: To study the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in non specific urethritis cases with Chlamydia rapid card test in 100 cases. The material for this study consisted of male patients of NSU. The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in NSU patients, Constitutes 19%, remaining 81 cases were negative for Chlamydia trachomatis. We have treated 19 chlamydia positive cases with Azithromycin and Doxy Cyclin. The cure was assessed by the relief of symptoms and CRCT negative. Hence it can be concluded that the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in the etiology of "Non specific urethritis cases was 19% in our study.

Keywords: Azithromycin, Chlamydia trachomatis,CRCT, NSU Pts.

[1]. Harry TC, Saravanamuttu KM, Rashid S, Shrestha TL, Audit evaluating the value of routine screening of Chlamydia trachomatis in urethral infections in men. Int. JSTD AIDS 1994; 5: 374-5.
[2]. CREWE – BROWN HH (1995). Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in men attending an STD clinic. S Afr Med J 1995 Dec, 85 (12): 1287-9
[3]. Tylor Robinson D. Genital Chlamydial infections clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. In recent advances in sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS, Harris JRW and Forster SM, Editors, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburg 1991; 219-62.
[4]. Martin DH, MroczKow Ski TF, Daluza, et al. A controlled trial of a single dose of Azithromycin for the treatment of Chlamydial urethritis and cervicitis. New Engl J Med 1992; 327: 921-5.

Abstract: Cicatricial fibromatosis, a form of desmoid tumor, is benign in nature. The incidence of desmoid tumor is about 0.03% of all cancers. Cicatricial fibromatosis is more commonly associated with abdominal fibromatosis. Though benign, these tumors are locally invasive and known for recurrence to the tune of 20-30%. It is usually seen in adults and is rare in children. In this article we present a case of desmoid tumor (cicatricial fibromatosis) in a post surgical scar from inguinal hernia repair at the inguinal region on the right side of a young boy.

Keywords: Desmoid tumor, Cicatricial fibromatosis, Familial adenomatous polyposis.

[1]. Wanjeri, JK, Opeya CJO. A massive abdominal wall desmoid tumor occurring in a laparotomy scar: a case report. J Surg Oncol 2011; 9:35-8.
[2]. Muller J. U ber den feinen Bau und die Formen der krankhaften Geschwu lste. Berlin, Germany: G Reimer 1838; 581–583.
[3]. Kasper B, Ströbel P, Hohenberger P. Desmoid tumors: clinical features and treatment options for advanced disease. Oncologist 2011; 16:682-93. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1634/theoncologist.2010-0281
[4]. Moslein G, Dozois RR: Desmoid tumors associated with familial adenomatous polyposis. Perspectives in Colon and Rectal Surgery 1998, 10:109-126.
[5]. Sagar PM, Moslein G, Dozois RR: Management of desmoid tumors in patients after ileal-pouch-anal anastomosis for familial adenomatous polyposis. Diseases of the colon and rectum 1998, 41:1350-1355.

Abstract: 225 clinical studies reported in three reputed Ayurvedic journals were reviewed for their qualitative outcomes. Conventional medicine diagnoses were used in nearly 90 % of studies and inconclusive outcomes were observed in most of the studies. Failure to validate claims of Ayurvedic treatments, products and or therapies otherwise regularly practiced mostly for chronic disease conditions raise concerns about methodologies followed. Diagnosticspecificities and therapeutic variances are major challenges to design clinical studies to validate Ayurvedic treatments. Inability to adapt to conventional clinical study norms are obvious. There is an urgent need to evolve newer methodologies to evaluate Ayurvedic treatments based on its own paradigm.

Keywords: Ayurvedic Clinical Research, CAM Validation.

[1]. R Guo, P H Canter, E Ernst. A systematic review of randomized clinical trials of individualized herbal medicine in any indication; Postgrad Med J (2007)83:633-637 doi:10.1136/pgmj.2007.060202 http://pmj.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/83/984/6333.
[2]. Francesco Cardinia, Christine Wadeb, Anna Laura Regaliac, SuiqiGuid, Wang Li d, Roberto Raschettia, FrediKronenbergb; 'Clinical research in traditional medicine: priorities and methods'; Complementary Therapies in Medicine (2006) 14, 282—287.
[3]. RamarPerumalSamy, Peter NatesanPushparaj, PonnampalamGopalakrishna; 'A compilation of bioactive compounds from Ayurveda', Bioinformation, (2008)pp. 100-110.
[4]. Govt of India, Dept of AYUSH,http://mohfw.nic.in/WriteReadData/l892s/Ayushannualreportfinal-22348189.pdf
[5]. Narendra Bhatt; 'Approaches to clinical research in indigenous systems of medicine', Indo-US Workshop, Delhi, 2008 (Abstract & ppt.)
[6]. BhushanPatwardhan; 'The quest for evidence-based ayurveda: lessons learned', Current Science, (2012) Vol. 102, no. 10, 25 May 2012.

Abstract: Choledochal cyst is a rare congenital surgical entity, first reported by Weber in 1934, present as lump, jaundice and abdominal pain in young children and adolescents.Its complications include cholangitis, pancreatitis, liver abcess, biliary cirrhosis and portal hyper tension .Rarely it can have spontaneous rupture in 2% of cases causing biliary peritonitis. We are presenting our experience of spontaneous rupture of choledochal cyst during pregnancy with brief review of literature.

Keywords: Choledochal cyst, peritonitis, pregnancy.

[1]. Hee Jung Son,SeungWoonPaik,PoongLyul Rhee, Jee Jun Kim. KwangChulKoh, Jong Chut Rhee. Korean jour. Of Int. Med, vol12: no. 1 Jan 1997

[2]. Yamaguchi M : Congenital choledochal cyst : analysis of 1433 cases patients in the Japanese literature. Am. J. Surgery; 1980;140:653-7

[3]. Choledochal cyst: GpCapt Manoj Kumar , Brig S. Rajagopalan . Medicaljournal armed forces india 68 ( 2 0 1 2 ) 2 9 6 -2 9 8.

[4]. Choledocal cyst: analysis of 29 cases and review or the literature.Vila-Carbó JJ, Ayuso L, Hernández E, Lluna J, Ibáñez V.Cir Pediatr. 2006 Jan;19(1):33-8

[5]. Spontaneous perforation of extrahepatic biliary tract: Jindal B, Bhatnagar V : Trop.Gastroentrl 2008 Jan-march ; 29(1):48-50

[6]. Choledochal cysts: part3 of 3: Management. JankieSingham ,MD, Eric M Yashida, MD, Charles H .Scudamore , MD. Can J.Surg.2010 Feb ; 53(1): 51-56

Abstract: Introduction: Education about reproductive health should be an integral part of learning process beginning in childhood and continuing into adult life. Education and awareness of reproductive health in girls affects their health status, fertility and sets stage for health beyond reproductive years and affects the health of next generation. Reproductive Health covers a wide range of issues like pregnancy; Contraception & Family Planning; Sexually Transmitted Diseases Prevention. If adolescents can be sensitized about issues of reproductive health, it may contribute to reduction of unwanted pregnancies; reduction in the incidence of S.T.D.s and reduced maternal and infant mortality rates. Hence an attempt was made to assess the extent of awareness of college students regarding reproductive health.

[1]. Pratibha Potenwar, KKN Sharma Awareness of Reproductive health among the Kurmi adolescent girls of Raipur City, Chhattisgarh, India International journal of research in Health Sciences 2013;1 (3): 2321-3251.
[2]. International Conference on Population and Development of action adopted at the ICPD Cairo, September 1994, New York; United Nation

Abstract:Tooth wear and its rehabilitation is a much discussed and studied subject in dentistry. The increased life expectancy may be one of the factors that it has become more ubiquitous. Often patients with tooth wear report to the dental clinic requiring extensive restorative treatment. Wear can be the result of attrition, abrasion, erosion or abfraction. The clinical presentation may vary and can be quite confusing. A proper diagnosis of the aetiology is essential for management of worn dentition as these factors must be eliminated before initiating restorative treatment. Attrition is the result of tooth-tooth grinding due to functional and parafunctional habits. It appears as wear facets on the occlusal surfaces of teeth which in due course can lead to considerable loss of tooth structure and loss of vertical dimension. This review article focuses on dental attrition as the aetiology of tooth wear, the signs and symptoms which help in diagnosis of attrition and the guidelines for treatment planning. A literature search was done using PubMed and Google Scholar with the key words: 'dental attrition', 'tooth loss', ' occlusal wear'. The articles excluded were reviews, case reports and references in which wear had meaning other than loss of tooth tissue. Observer agreements were analysed and disputes were resolved with debate and discussion.
Keywords: dental attrition, tooth wear, treatment planning.

[1]. Bartlett DW. The role of erosion in tooth wear: aetiology, prevention and management. Int Dent J 2005;55:277–284.
[2]. Arnadottir IB, Holbrook WP, Eggertsson H, Gudmundsdottir H, Jonsson SH, Gudlaugsson JO et al. Prevalence of dental erosion in children: a national survey. Comm Dent Oral Epidemiol 2010;38:521–526.
[3]. Turner KA, Missirlian DM. Restoration of the extremely worn dentition. J Prosthet Dent 1984;52:467–474.
[4]. Johansson A, Johansson A, Omar R, Carlsson G. Rehabilitation of the worn dentition. J Oral Rehabil 2008;35:548–566 [5]. Chekhani UN, Mikeli AA, Huettig FK. All-ceramic prosthetic rehabilitation of worn dentition: Use of a distal cantilever. Two-year follow-up.Dent Res J 2013;10(1):126-31.

Abstract: Pregnancy with methemoglobinemia (metHb) poses several challenges to the anaesthesiologist. MetHb is characterized by iron moiety of Hb in the ferric ( Fe 3+) state. MetHb has decreased oxygen carrying capacity and increased oxygen affinity resulting in cyanosis and tissue hypoxia. Clinical features are proportional to the concentration of the MetHb, which range from asymptomatic state to seizures and cardiac arrthymia to fatality. We present a case of primigravida with Methemoglobinemia posted for emergency cesarean section.At presentation she had cyanosis, dyspnoea and pain in abdomen. Her methemoglobin levels were 25%. She was treated with Methylene blue before induction. This article addresses the anaesthetic challenges and precautions to be taken for a successful anaesthetic management of a patient with methemoglobinemia.

Keywords: methemoglobinemia (metHb), general anaesthesia, primigravida.

[1] Mohorovic L, Materljan E, Brumini G. Consequences of methemoglobinemia in pregnancy in newborns, children, and adults: issues raised by new findings on methemoglobin catabolism. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2010 Sep;23(9):956-9. doi: 10.3109/14767050903410656; PMID: 19903111 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[2] George Pepper, M.D.; Hyman G. Weinstein, M.S.; Paul Heller, M.D.Congenital Methemoglobinemia in Pregnancy JAMA. 1961;177(5):328-330. doi:10.1001/jama.1961.73040310021012.

[3] Bloom J.Comprehensive Toxicology.Vol 4.(Amsterdam Netherlands:Elsevier;1997:62-6)

[4] Groeper K,Katcher K,Tobias JD.Anaesthetic management of a patient with methemoglobinemia.South Med J.2003 May;96(5):504-9 [5] Choor C,Sivakumar P,Goon J.Congenital methemoglobinemia in pregnancy.Research updates in medical sciences.2013 May;1(2):30-32

Abstract: High-velocity trauma results in pelvic injury along with bowel and bladder injury. Timely identification and management of genitourinary injuries minimize associated morbidity. Proper history regarding passing urine, physical examination and clinical suspicion of bladder & bowel injury is very important as these injuries can be missed on ultrasound examination. We had one patient with normal USG abdomen pelvis, with pubic diastasis, while fixing found bladder injury with extra peritoneal urinary collection.

[1]. N. Davarinos, P. Ellanti, S. Morris, and J. P. Mc Elwain, "Epidemiology of pelvic and acetabular trauma in a Dublin tertiary hospital: a 10-year experience," Irish Journal of Medical Science, vol. 181, no. 2, pp. 243–246, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus

[2]. P. C. Walsh, "Genitourinary trauma," in Campbell's Urology, p. 2574, WB Saunders, London, UK, 6th edition, 1992.

[3]. W. G. Guerriero, "Trauma to the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra," Surgical Clinics of North America, vol. 62, no. 6, pp. 1047–1074, 1982. View at Scopus

[4]. American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma, "Initial assessment and management," Advanced Trauma Life Support Program for Physicians, 1993.

[5]. P. Cutinha and C. R. Chapelle, "Bladder injuries," International Surgery, vol. 37, pp. 107–112, 1997.

[6]. B. H. Ziran, E. Chamberlin, F. D. Shuler, and M. Shah, "Delays and difficulties in the diagnosis of lower urologic injuries in the context of pelvic fractures," Journal of Trauma, vol. 58, no. 3, pp. 533–537, 2005.View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus

Abstract: We report a case of bacteremia due to Stenotrophomonas.maltophilia in 60 yrs. old male patient who presented with high fever to hospital. He was on maintainace hemodialysis (HD) suffering from end stage renal disease. Blood culture from central line was sent from which Stenotrophomonas.maltophilia was isolated which was resistance to most of antibiotic tested. Central line was removed & peripheral line was established for maintainace HD. Patient was started on levofloxacin to which it was sensitive for two weeks, the fever subsided thereafter & repeat blood culture was negative. Stenotrophomonas.maltophilia is resistance to most of routinely used antibiotic so this case highlights the importance of early detection and antibiotic sensitivity workup.

Keywords: Bacteremia, Hemodialysis, Stenotrophomonas. maltophilia

[[1]. Barbier-Frebour N, Boutiba-Boubake I, Nouvello M, Lemelan J. Molecular investigation of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates exhibiting rapid emergence of Ticarcillin-clavulanate resistance. J Hosp Infect. 2000;45:35-41.
[2]. Tzanetou K, Triantaphilis G, Tsoutsos D, et al.Stenotrophomonas maltophilia peritonitis in CAPD patients: susceptibility to antibiotics and treatment outcome: a report of fi ve cases. Perit Dial Int.2004; 24:401-404.
[3]. Denton M. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia—;questions and answers [online]. Leeds University Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK. May 2001.Available at: http://www.cysticfi brosismedicine.com/htmldocs/CFText/stenotr.htm.
[4]. Khardori N, Elting L, Wong E, et al. Nosocomial infections due to Xanthomonas maltophilia (Pseudomonasmaltophilia) in patients with cancer. Rev Infect Dis. 1991; 12:997-1003.
[5]. Boktour M, Hanna H, Ansari S, et al. Central venous catheter and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteremia in cancer patients. Cancer.2006; 106:1967-1973.

Abstract: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), which presents with a severe degree of trismus, is a great surgical challenge. The surgical procedures include excision of fibrous bands with or without coverage of the surgically created defect. The use of vascularised flaps such as the palatal pedicled flap, tongue flaps, use of buccal fat pad and nasolabial flaps are becoming increasingly popular. We present a case of advanced oral submucous fibrosis treated with bilateral inferiorly based nasolabial flaps.

Key Words: Oral Submucous Fibrosis, Fibrous bands, Vascularised flaps

[1]. Pindborg JJ, et al. Oral Submucous Fibrosis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 1966; 22:764-78.
[2]. Canniff JP, Harvey W, Harris M. Oral submucous fibrosis: its pathogenesis and management. Br Dent J. 1986; 160: 429-34.
[3]. Rajendran R. Oral submucous fibrosis: etiology, pathogenesis and future research. Bulletin of the World Health Organisation, 1994; 72(6): 985-96.
[4]. Khanna J.N., Andrade NN. Oral submucous fibrosis: a new concept in surgical management– Report of 100 cases. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1995; 24: 433-39.
[5]. Kaverana NM, Bhathena HM. Surgery for severe trismus in submucous fibrosis. Br J Plast Surg. 1987; 40: 407-09.
[6]. Bhattacharya S, MSD Jaiswal. Island nasolabial flaps. IJPS 1990; 23 (2):83-87.

Abstract: Context: AKI in children is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in children. Aims: To evaluate the etiological profile and factors predicting outcomes in paediatric acute kidney injury (AKI) Settings and Design: Prospective observational study from December 2012- November 2014 Methods and Material: All children age 1day to 18 years of age with clinical symptoms or abnormal laboratory parameters suggesting acute kidney injury were included in the study. Demographic characteristics, clinical history and relevant investigations performed. Renal failure classified by pRIFLE. Renal biopsy was done if AKI was persisted >3weeks.Dialysis was performed when needed and outcomes are analysed.Statistical analysis used:Descriptive statistics for continuous variables. Pearson chi-square test for categorical data using Epi info TM7 statistical software.

[1]. Cerdá J, Bagga A, Kher V, Chakravarthi RM. The contrasting characteristics of acute kidney injury in developed and developing countries. Nat ClinPractNephrol. 2008;4:138–53.
[2]. Askenazi DJ, Feig DI, Graham NM, Hui-Stickle S, Goldstein SL:3-5 year longitudinal follow-up of pediatric patients after acute renal failure. Kidney Int 69: 184–189, 2006
[3]. Mammen C, Al Abbas A, Skippen P, Nadel H, Levine D, Collet JP,Matsell DG: Long-term risk of CKD in children surviving episodes of acute kidney injury in the intensive care unit: A prospective cohort study. Am J Kidney Dis 59: 523–530, 2012
[4]. Sinha R, Nandi M, Tullus K, Marks SD, Taraphder A: Ten-year follow-up of children after acute renal failure from a developing country. Nephrol Dial Transplant 24: 829–833, 2009.
[5]. Plötz FB, Bouma AB, van Wijk JA, Kneyber MC, Bökenkamp A. Pediatric acute kidney injury in the ICU: an independent evaluation of pRIFLE criteria. Intensive Care Med. 2008;34:1713–7.

Abstract: Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) Is A Complex Condition Often Associated With Both Urinary Incontinence And Urinary Retention. The Urodynamic Study Can Detect The Presence Or Absence Of Incontinence In Prolapse Patient & Type Of Surgery Appropriate For Particular Patient For Best Postoperative Outcome. Aims & Objectives: The aim of this study was to find out the voiding abnormalities among the prolapsed patient and to select the optimal surgical procedure in the individual patient based on the urodynamic findings.

[1]. Nurse Pract 2011; 36:24-36. Keyock KL, Newman DK. Understanding stress urinary incontinence.
[2]. .Jan paul, WR.Roovers, Mathias welkie. Clinical relevance of urodynamic investigation tests prior to surgical correction of genital prolapse: a literature review .International urogynecological journal.2007;18:455-460.
[3]. Olsen AL, Smith VJ, Bergstrom JO, Colling JC, Clark AL (1997) Epidemiology of surgically managed pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence. Obstet Gynecol 98:501–506.
[4]. Filiz TM, Uludag C, Cinar N, Gorpelioglu S, Topsever P.Risk factors for urinary incontinence in Turkish women: A cross-sectional study. Saudi Med. J. 2006; 27: 1688–92.
[5]. Bai SW, Jeon MJ, Kim JY, Chung KA, Kim SK, Park KH. Relationship between stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse. Int. Urogynecol. J. 2002; 13: 256–60.
[6]. Swift SE, Woodman P, O'Boyle A, et al. Pelvic Organ Support Study (POSST): The distribution, clinical definition and epidemiology of Pelvic Organ Support defects. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005; 192:795-806.

Abstract: Now a days Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF) is gaining more attention for obtaining periodontal regeneration. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is considered a second-generation platelet concentrate that is widely used in osseous regeneration. The purpose of this case report is to present clinical and radiographic results of an intrabony periodontal defect treated with PRF. After surgical treatment with autologous PRF, six month follow up revealed a significant reduction in Pocket Probing Depth (PPD) and Relative Attachment Level (RAL) gain as well as radiographic bone formation, supporting the role of various growth factors present in the PRF in accelerating the soft and hard tissue healing. From the presented case, it can be concluded that PRF is clinically and radiographically efficacious in the treatment of a periodontal intrabony defect. Thus,signifying its role as a regenerative material in the treatment of intrabony defects. Keywords: Platelet-Rich Fibrin; Intraosseous Defect; blood platelets; chronic periodontitis; regeneration.

[1] Polimeni G, Xiropaidis AV, Wikesjo¨ UM. Biology and principles of periodontal wound healing/regeneration.Periodontol 2000 2006;41:30-47.
[2] Pradeep AR, Shetty SK, Garg G, Pai S. Clinical effectiveness of autologous platelet-rich plasma and Peptide-enhanced bone graft in the treatment of intrabony defects. J Periodontol. 2009;80:62-71.
[3] Döri F, Kovacs V, Arweiler NB, et al. Effect of platelet rich plasma on the healing of intrabony defects treated with an anorganic bovine bone mineral: a pilot study. J Periodontol. 2009;80:1599-605.
[4] Siciliano VI, Andreuccetti G, Siciliano AI, Blasi A, Sculean A, Salvi GE. Clinical outcomes after treatment of non-contained intrabony defects with enamel matrix derivative or guided tissue regeneration: a 12-month randomized controlled clinical trial. J Periodontol. 2011;82:62-71.
[5] Wu SY, Chen YT, Chen CW, et al. Comparison of clinical outcomes following guided tissue regeneration treatment with a polylactic acid barrier or a collagen membrane. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2010;30:173-9.

Abstract: Epilepsy by definition is recurrent spontaneous seizures. Epilepsy must begin with first seizures, but not all first seizures mean beginning of epilepsy. This study is aimed to evaluate etiology and clinical profile of adult onset seizures. In a design to analyze etiology, it is desirable to select incident cases instead of prevalent cases. There are hardly any major incidence studies in India which makes our study special. All cases aged more than 20yrs admitted to medical wards with first time seizures formed the subjects of the study except cases of seizures in patients below age of 20yrs, patient with past history of seizures and patients with insufficient clinical data for seizures diagnosis. The study observed that new onset seizures were more common in males and occurred most commonly in age group of 21- 40yrs. Most common seizure type of adult onset seizures was partial seizures while CNS infections were the leading cause for both provoked and unprovoked seizures.

Keywords: Seizures, Epilepsy, adult onset

[1]. Mario F. Mendez Ashla, Neuropsychiatric aspects of Epilepsy, In Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 8th edi; Philadelphia; Lippincot Williams & Wilkins, 2005; p377-389.
[2]. Commission on Classification and Terminology of the International League against Epilepsy. Proposal for revised clinical classification and electroencephalographic classification of epileptic seizures. Epilepsia 1981; 22:p489-501.
[3]. Commission on Epidemiology and Prognosis, International League Against Epilepsy, Guidelines for Epidemiologic Studies on Epilepsy. Epilepsia, 1993; 34(4): p592-596.
[4]. ILAE Commission report. The Epidemiology of the Epilepsies, Future Directions. Epilepsia 1997; 38 (5); p614-618.
[5]. Shankar P Saha, Sushanta Bhattacharya, Biman Kanti Roy, Arindam Basu, Trishit Roy, Bibekananda Maity, Shyamal K Das. A Prospective incidence study of epilepsy in a rural community of West- Bengal, India. Neurology Asia 2008; 13: p41 – 48.

Abstract: Cone beam Computed tomography has become an increasingly important source of 3D data in clinical orthodontics. It was developed due to increasing demand for 3D information obtained by conventional computerizedtomography scans. A cone beam examination is recommended in detection of facial asymmetry, assessing shape and growth of mandible, localisation of impacted canines, provides information for the placement of temporary anchorage device, evaluation of root resorption repair, assigning changes in oropharynx in growing patients with maxillary constriction treated with rapid palatal expansion etc. This article hopes to give a brief introduction to CBCT technology and explore a number of issues regarding its usage in an orthodontic and clinical setting.

Keywords: Computed tomography, Digital imaging, and Cone beam, orthodontics, three-dimensional.

[1]. David L Way. Utilization of CBCT in an Orthodontic Practice. The Summer 2006 AADMRT Newsletter.
[2]. Farman A and Scarfe WC. The basics of maxillofacial cone beam computed tomography. Semin Orthod 2009;15:2-13.
[3]. Scarfe WC, Farman AG, Sukovic P (2006) Clinical applications of cone-beam computed tomography in dental practice. J Can Dent Assoc 72: 75-80.
[4]. Miles DA. Interpreting the CBCT data volume in orthodontic cases, part I. OrthoTown Educ Supp. 2011 Jul/Aug;4(6).
[5]. White SC, Pharoah MJ. Oral radiology: principles and interpretation: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2008.
[6]. Danforth RA, Miles DA. Cone beam volume imaging (CBVI): 3D applications for dentistry. Irish Dent. 2007;10(9):14-8.
[7]. Müssig E, Wörtche R, Lux CJ. Indications for digital volume tomography in orthodontics. J Orofac Orthop. 2005 May ;66(3):241-249.

Abstract: Advances in bonding techniques and materials allow for reliable bracket placement on ectopically positioned teeth. This prospective study evaluates the outcome of forced orthodontic eruption of impacted canine teeth in both palatal and labial positions. Eighty-two impacted maxillary canines in 2200patients were included in the study and were observed for 2006 to 2013 ,in Center for Dentistry research and Aesthetics, Jatt/Israel after exposure. Following exposure by means of a palatal flap or an apically repositioned buccal flap, an orthodontic traction hook, with a Titanium Button with chain by Watted (Dentaurum) attached, was bonded to each impacted tooth using a light cured orthodontic resin cement. A periodontal dressing was placed over the surgical site for a period of time. All teeth were successfully erupted. Complications consisted of: failure of initial bond, at the time of surgery, which required rebonding; premature debonding at the time of pack removal and; debonding of brackets during orthodontic eruption. There was no infection, eruption failure, ankylosis, resorption or periodontal defect (pocket greater than 3 mm) associated with any of the exposed teeth. Forced orthodontic eruption of impacted maxillary canines with a well bonded orthodontic traction hook and ligation chain, used in conjunction with a palatal flap or an apically repositioned labial flap, results in predictable orthodontic eruption with few complications.

Key Words: cuspid/surgery; orthodontics, corrective; tooth, impacted/therapy

[1]. Moyers RE: Handbook of Orthodontics 4th ed. Chicago,IL, Year book Medical Publisher 1988.
[2]. Becker A., Smith P, Behar R. The incidence of anomalous maxillary lateral incisors in relation to palatally-displaced cuspids. Angle Orthod. 1981 Jan;51(1):24-29.
[3]. Mcnamara C.M.: Orthodontic Management Of An Impacted Maxillary Canine With An Abnormal Premolar Root: J.C.O. 2000; 34(12) : 709-711.
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[5]. Ericson S, Kurol J. Early treatment of palatally erupting maxillary canines by extraction of the primary canines. Eur J Orthod 1988 Nov;10(4):283-245. 6.Weaver B, Hornbrook R And Ngan P.: Early Timely Management of Ectopically Erupting Maxillary Canines: Seminars In Orthodontics. 2005; 11(3):152-163.
[6]. Bedoya M., Park JH. A review of the diagnosis and management of impacted maxillary canines. J Am Dent Assoc. 2009 Dec;140(12):1485-1493.

Abstract: Studies of motivation, expectation and satisfaction show that patients seek orthognathic surgery not for functional but rather for esthetic reasons wherby the weighing of the reasons for the individual depends e.g. on the extraoral extent of the skeletal deformity. Independent from that, the orthodontist has to set the treatment goals so that the esthetic and function for the individual is optimal. For example the solely occlusion orientated therapy might not be related to a satisfying facialesthetic result.

Keywords: Cephalometrics, lower face height, skeletal deep bite, short face syndrome, mandibular advancement, splint therapy, lateral open bite

[1]. Alemann O: Ny operation för progeni (facies progenaea). Svensk Tandläk Tskr 4: 181-185, 1921.
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[3]. Angle E H: Double resection of the lower maxilla. Dent Cosmos Philadelphia. 40:, 635-638, 1898.
[4]. Arnett G W, Bergmann R T: Facial keys to orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning - Part I. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 103: 299-312, 1993.
[5]. Arnett, G W, Bergmann R T: Facial keys to orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning- Part II. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 103:395-411,1993.