iosr-JDMS   Volume-14 ~ Issue-2 ~ February-2015

Abstract: In the present study propofol alone with propofol ketamine combination was compared for ambulatory anaesthesia.This was a randomized double blinded studyl trial conducted in 80 patients belonging to ASA 1 &II, aged between 20-50 years,40 in each group.Group-A: Propofol alone,Group-B:Propofol-Ketamine combination..Induction doses, Systolic,Diastolic Blood pressure and Mean arterial pressure, Pulse rate, Oxygen saturation,Complications if any were measured. The parameters were subjected to T test analysis and found statistically significant difference in induction doses,systolic,diastolic,mean arterial pressures,complications. Keywords:Ambulatory, Co-induction, Ketamine, Propofol, Total intravenous anaesthesia.

[1]. Michaloliakou C, Chung F, Sharma S: Preoperative multimodal analgesia facilitates recovery after ambulatory laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Anesth Analg 82:44, 1996.
[2]. Mayer M, Ochman O, Deonicke A, Angste J R and Suttam H. Influence of propofol - ketamine versus propofol - fentanyl anaesthesia in hemodynamics and analgesia. Anaesthesist 1990 ;39: 609-616.
[3]. White P F, Way WL and Trevor AJ. Ketamine, its pharmacology and therapeutic uses. Anesthesiology 1982 ; 56 :119–136.
[4]. Srivastava U, Sharma N, Kumar A, Saxena S. Small dose propofol or ketamine as an alternative to midazolam co-induction to propofol.Indian J Anaesth 2006;50(2):112-4.
[5]. Shiba Goel MD, Neeraja Bharadwaj MD and Kajal Jain MD. Efficacy of ketamine and midazolam as co-induction agents with propofol for laryngeal mask insertion in children. Pediatric Anesthesia 2008; 18, 628-634.
[6]. Briggs P, Clarke RST, Dundee J W and Moore J. "Use of di – iso propyl phenol as main agent for short procedures. British Journal of Anaesthesia 1981 ; 53: 11 97.

Abstract: The principal structural component of peripheral nerve is the nerve fibre consisting of an axon with its Schwann cells and myelin sheath. The two main responses of peripheral nerve to injury are determined by the target of the injury: either the Schwann cell or the axon. Peripheral nerve is susceptible to the same wide range of categories of disease (inflammatory, traumatic, metabolic, toxic, genetic, neoplastic) as are other tissues. The pattern of disease, however, reflects the unique structure and function of nerve derangement. Peripheral nerves are injured in the course of trauma. Lacerations result from cutting injuries and can complicate fractures when a sharp fragment of bone lacerates the nerve.

[1]. Steed MB. Peripheral nerve response to injury Atlas Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2011 Mar;19(1):1-13. doi: 10.1016/j.cxom.2010.11.001. [2]. Erwteman AS1, Balach T. Clinical evaluation and management of benign soft tissue tumors of the extremities.Cancer Treat Res. 2014;162:171-202. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-07323-1_9.
[3]. Hung EH, Griffith JF. Pitfalls in ultrasonography of soft tissue Usg Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2014 Feb;18(1):79-85. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1365837. Epub 2014 Feb 10. tumors. [4]. Rigoard P1, Lapierre F.Neurochirurgie. [Review of the peripheral nerve]. 2009 Oct;55(4-5):360-74. doi: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2009.08.156. Epub 2009 Sep [5]. Nawabi DH1, Sinisi M. Schwannoma of the posterior tibial nerve: the problem of delay in diagnosis. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2007 Jun;89(6):814-6.

Abstract: Twin-Reversed Arterial Perfusion (TRAP sequence)is a rare complication of monochorionic twins. TRAP sequence is known as acardius or chorioangiopagusparasiticus. It occurs in 1% ofmonochorionic twin pregnancies and in 1 in 35,000 pregnancies1. TRAP sequence is characterized by a structurally normal pumptwin perfusing an anomalous twin. In TRAP sequence, one twinis usually developmentally normal (pump twin) and the other twin has a serious condition like missing aheart (acardiac) or a head (acephalic) or both, that prevents it from surviving on its own.The term "reversed perfusion" is used to describe this scenario because bloodenters the acardiac/acephalic twin through reversed flow through its umbilical artery and exits through theumbilical vein, which is opposite to the normal blood supply of the fetus. The mortality of the acardiac twin is100%, and the perinatal mortality of the pump twin is reported to be around 50%.TRAP sequence was diagnosed by ultrasoundat SAH@ RC ultrasound centre and referred for management2.
Keywords: Monochorionic twins; Pump twin; Reverse flow; Acardiac / Anceps.

[1]. Text Of Williams Obstetrics 23rd Edition Pg No 872 -873.
[2]. S.Sarita,Sumeda,Anjankar:Twin Reversed Arterial Perfusion Reverse Sequence.International Journal Of Anatomy And Research, Int J Anat Res 2013, Vol 1(3):140-44. ISSN 2321- 4287.
[3]. Mohanty C, Mishra OP, Singh CP, Et Al. Acardiacanomaly Spectrum. Tetralogy 2000;62:356-9.
[4]. Napolitano FD. Schreiber.(1960). The Acardiac Moster: A Review Of The Word Literature And Presentation Of Two Cases. American Journal Of Obstetrics Gynaecology 1960;80: 582-589.
[5]. Hecher K, Lewi L, Huber GR, Et Al. Twin Reversed Arterial Perfusion: Fetoscopic Laser Coagulation Of Placental Anastomoses Or The Umbilical Cord. Ultrasound In Obstetrics And Gynecology 2006;28:688-691, 20064.
[6]. Bonillamusoles F, Machado LE, Raga F, Osborne.Fetusacardius. Two- And Three Dimensionalultrasonaphic Diagnosis. Journal Of Ultrasound Inmedicine 2001; 20:1117-1127.
[7]. Wong AE, Sepulveda W: Acardiac Anomaly: Current Issues In Prenatal Assessment And Treatment. Prenatdiagn 2005, 25:796-806.

Abstract: Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women worldwide, with most of the deaths occurring in the developing countries. Cervical cancer can be prevented with the help of early screening and effective treatment. Human Papillomaviruses are the causative agent for the development of the cervical carcinoma. HPVs are a group of small, non-enveloped viruses that infect human epithelial cells. HPVs are accountable for 95% of the cervical cancers with type 16 and 18 causing 70 % of them. HPV 16 is the most prominent sub-type to cause cervical cancer. Risk factors for cervical cancer are mostly attributed to risky sexual behavior. Several screening options are available that can reduce incidence and mortality due to cervical cancer by detecting and treating precancerous lesions.

Keywords: cervical cancer, human papillomavirus, screening.

1]. Forman D, de Martel C, Lacey CJ, et al. Global burden of human papillomavirus and related diseases. Vaccine 2012;30 Suppl 5:F12–F23.
[2]. Siegel R, Ward E, Brawley O, et al. Cancer statistics, 2011. CA Cancer J Clin. 2011;61:212–236.
[3]. Remers LL, Anderson WF, Rosenberg PS, et al. Etiologic heterogenity for cervical carcinoma by histopathologic type, using comparative age-period-cohort models. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18:792-800.
[4]. Schiffman MH, Bauer HM, Hoover RN, et al. Epidemiologic evidence showing that human papillomavirus infection causes most cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993;85:958–64.
[5]. Onderdonk AB, Delaney ML, Hinkson PL, et al. Quantitative and qualitative effects of douche preparations on vaginal microflora. Obstet Gynecol 1992;80:333–338
[6]. Hagensee ME, Cameron JE, Leigh JE, et al.. Human papillomavirus infection and disease in HIV-infected individuals. Am J Med Sci 2004;328:57–63.

Abstract:Prediabetes is a precursor to diabetes and is considered world's fastest growing chronic disease, as aptly understood by the figures available in the literature. 285 million people are currently affected with prediabetes and the projected figure is 418 million by the year 2025. Today the evidence is undisputable that diabetes can be delayed or prevented by either intensive lifestyle modifications and/or variety of pharmacotherapies. Microalbuminuria is gaining recognition as a simple marker for determining atherogenecity. Prediabetic patients may also have predispositon for atherogenecity & hence expected to have significant microalbuminuria.

[1]. American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(S1):S62-9.
[2]. Anjana RM, Pradeepa R, Deepa M, et al. Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance) in urban and rural India: phase I results of the Indian Council of Medical Research-India Diabetes (ICMRINDIAB) study. Diabetologia. 2011;54:3022-7.
[3]. Sicree R, Shaw J, Zimmet P. Diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance: International Diabetes Federation 2006;3:15-109.
[4]. Jellinger, Paul S. what you need to know about prediabetes. Power of prevention, American College of endocrinology 2009. Available from: http://www.powerof prevention.com.
[5]. De Jong PE, Gansevoort RT. Albuminuria in non-primary renal disease: risk marker rather than risk factor. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2010;25(23):656–8.
[6]. Remuzzi G, Weening JJ. Albuminuria as early test for vascular disease. Lancet 2005;12(18):365:556.
[7]. Pignoli P. Tremoli E, Oreste P, et al. Intimal plus medial thickness of the arterial wall: A direct measurement with ultrasound imaging. Circulation. 1986;74:1399-400

Abstract: Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of transcervical foley catheter alone to transcervical foley catheter with extra-amniotic saline infusion for labour induction and cervical ripening in women with an unfavourable cervix. Method: 100 pregnant women (study population) were allocated randomly into two groups. First 50 patients were assigned to treatment with transcervical foley catheter with extra-amniotic saline infusion (study group), and next 50 were assigned to transcervical foley catheter alone (control group). All patients were receiving intravenous oxytocin. All women were kept under antibiotic coverage during the whole procedure. Primary study outcome(induction to delivery time) and secondary outcome (mode of delivery, endometritis, chorioamnionitis, apgar scoring etc.) were recorded.

1]. Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Hauth JC, Rouse DJ, Spong CY. Williams Obstetrics. 23rd ed. New Delhi: Me Graw Hill Professionals; 2010. Chapter 22, Labour induction; p.500-510.
[2]. WHO Recommendation for Induction of Labour. Geneva: WHO Publications; 2011 .p.4.
[3]. Dutta DC, Konar H. Textbook of Obstetrics. 6th ed. Kolkata: New Central Book Agency Pvt. Ltd; 2005,reprint 2006. Chapter 34, Induction of Labour; p.522-531.
[4]. EH Bishop, Pelvic scoring for elective induction, Obstet Gynecol 24 (1964), pp 266 - 268.
[5]. Rouben D & Arias F. A RCT of EASI + intracervical Foley catheter balloon Vs PGE2 vaginal gel for ripening Cx and inducing labor in patients with unfavorable cervices. Obstet Gynecol 82 (1993), 290-294.Trofatter KF, Cervical ripening. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1992; 35; 476-86.
[6]. Sherman DJ, Frenkel E, Pansky M, Caspi E, Bukovsky I, Langer R. Balloon cervical ripening with extra-amniotic infusion of saline or prostaglandinE2: a double- blind, randomized controlled study. Obstet Gynecol. 2001 March; 97(3):375-80.

Abstract: Objective:To measure hearing loss in students using personal music players and mobiles with ear phones. Methods:Conventional frequency audiometry (0.25-8kHz) was performed on 122 students - 61 personal listening device users and 61 non-users. Results:Statistically significant differences were found between the control group and the test group. Thus there is a strong relationship between hearing threshold and daily use of portable music players. Hearing loss occurred in 36.06% of students using ear phones. The variables like "duration of usage" of ear phones and "years of usage"had a poor correlation whereas the variable loudness has a good correlation. Conclusion:Portable music players can have a deleterious effect on hearing threshold. Users of PLDs should sensibly control the loudness so as to avoid developing NIHL.

[1]. Chung JH, Des Roches CM, Meunier J, Eavey RD. Evaluation of noise-induced hearing loss in young people using a web-based survey technique. Pediatrics. 2005;115(4):861-7.
[2]. Fligor BJ, Cox C. (2004). Output levels of commercially available portable compact disc players and the potential risk to hearing. Ear Hear 25: 513-527.
[3]. Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risk (SCENIHR). (2008). Potential health risks from exposure to noise from personal music players and mobile phones including a music playing function. SCENIHR. Internet, available at : http://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_risk/risk_en.htm [accessed on 2 April 2010]
[4]. Mostafapour SP, Lahargoue K, Gates GA. Noise induced hearing loss in young adults: The role of personal listening devices and other sources of leisure noise. Laryngoscope 1998;108:1832–9.
[5]. Schmuziger N, Fostiropoulos K, Probst R. Long-term assessment of auditory changes resulting from a single noise exposure associated with non-occupational activities: Evaluación a largo plazo de los cambiosauditivosocasionadosporunaexposiciónúnica a ruidoduranteactividades no laborales. International journal of audiology. 2006;45(1):46-54.

Abstract:Background:-Unsafe abortions (defined by the World Health Organization, as those performed by unskilled individuals with hazardous equipment, or in unsanitary facilities) carry a high risk of maternal mortality and morbidity. An estimated 19 million unsafe abortions occur worldwide each year, resulting in deaths of about 67,900 women1. Even in countries like India where the abortion is legalized, often inadequate and inaccessible health systems, religious, social and ethical implications predispose to unsafe abortions and late referrals of complications. Women may self induce abortion in ways that are dangerous or seek clandestine from inadequately trained health personnel out of fear of disclosure of their sexual activity or pregnancy especially in the age group of 14 to 19 years. Here in this case stigma contributed to life threatening complications of abortion in a teenage girl.

[1]. World Health Organization. Unsafe Abortion. Global and Regional Estimates of incidence of unsafe abortion and associate mortality in 2000:4th Geneva, Switzerland. World Health organization 2004.
[2]. Ahman E, Shah IH. New estimates and trends regarding unsafe abortion mortality. Int. J Gynaecol obstet. 2011 no; 115(2): 121-6. Do i: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2011-05-27. E pub 2011 AUG 31.
[3]. World Health Organization. The Prevention and management of unsafe abortion. Report of a technical working group. Geneva: WHO, 1993, P12015.
[4]. Grimes D. Benson J. Singh S. Etal. Unsafe abortion: the preventable Pandemic. Lancet 2006: 368: 1908-1919.
[5]. Royal college of obstetricians and gynecologists. The care of Women requesting induced Abortion. Evidence based clinical guideline number 7.London, RCOG 2004.
[6]. Pattinson RC. Guidelines for management of septic abortion. Moodley J (ed) Saving Mothers. Essential steps in the management of common conditions associated with maternal mortality. Department of Health South Africa, 2007.

Abstract:Treatment of neglected unreduced fracture dislocation of the hip is usually associated with a lot of difficulties and requires complex reconstructive procedures. (1,2)However, majority of these patients present in settings where such procedures are not readily available.(3,4) Traumatic posterior hip dislocation is an absolute orthopedic emergency and the incidence which has being increasing steadilycan be partially attributed to many high speed vehicles.(5,6,7,8) Early recognition and treatment is essential for a good and satisfactory clinical outcome. Various factors are responsible for the delay in management of the patients and they include; poly traumatised patient in whom other life threatening injuries had diverted attention from the fracture dislocation.(

[1]. AndreyIotov, Vladimir Ivanov, NedelchoTzachev, AsenBaltov, DanailLiliyanov, PavelKraevsky, BorislavZlatev and DimitarKostov; Primary total hip replacement after negelectedacetabular fracture: J Bone Joint Surg Br 2012 vol. 94-B no. SUPP XXXVII 291
[2]. Sathappan S. Sathappan, MD, Eric J. Strauss, MD, Daniel Ginat, BS, VidyadharUpasani, BS, and Paul E. Di Cesare, MD; Surgical Challenges in Complex Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty
[3]. M Tepper; Management of neglected traumatic posterior dislocations of the hip in developing countries: East and CentmlAfn'can Journal of Surgery Vol. 4, No. 2, 25-27
[4]. A. Oni, F. A. Orhewere and H. Keswani; The treatment of old unreduced traumatic dislocations of the hip: Injury: the British Journal of Accident Surgery, 1983 Vol. 1 ~/NO. 4, 219-223.
[5]. Lima LC, NascimentoRAl, Almeida VMT, FaçanhaFilho FAM. Epidemiology of traumatic hip dislocation in patients treated in Ceará, Brazil. ActaOrtop Bras. [online]. 2014;22(3):151-4. Available from URL: http://www.scielo.br/aob.

Abstract: Magnets have been used in prosthodontics for many years, but success has been limited because of their susceptibility to corrosion by the saliva and their retentive force is weak relative to the initial retention offered by mechanical attachments. More recently, magnets have been made from alloys of rare earth elements samarium and neodymium, which provide stronger magnetic force per unit size. In addition, a new generation laser welded containers has improved protection from salivary corrosion. The current resurgence of interest in this type of attachment appears justified because, unlike mechanical attachments, magnets have potential for unlimited durability and superior to mechanical ball or bar attachments for the retention of removable prostheses on implants. As the magnets can be manufactured in smaller dimensions, it can be used as retentive component in removable partial denture for rehabilitation in the esthetic zone, obturators, maxillofacial prosthesis and implant over dentures. The present article discribe the esthetic rehabilitation of partially edentulous gummy smile patient with the help of magnetic overdenture.

Keywords: Magnet; overdenture, esthetic zone, keeper holder

[1]. Becker J. Permanent magnets. J Appl Phys 1970;233:92‑100.
[2]. Strnat KJ. The hard magnetic properties of rare earth transition metal alloys. IEEE Trans Magn 1972;8:511‑6.
[3]. Sagawa M, Fujimura S, Yamamoto H, Matsuura Y, Hiraga K. Permanent magnet materials based on the rare earth‑iron‑boron tetragonal compounds. IEEE Trans Magn 1984;20:1584‑9.
[4]. Sagawa M, Fujimura S, Togawa N, Yamamoto H, Matsuura Y. New material for permanent magnets on a base of Nd and Fe. J Appl Phys 1984;55:2083‑7.
[5]. Maeda Y, Nakao K, Yagi K, Matsuda S. Composite resin root coping with a keeper for magnetic attachment for replacing the missing coronal portion of a removable partial denture abutment. J Prosthet Dent 2006;96:139‑42.
[6]. Van Waas MA, Kalk W, van Zetten BL, van Os JH. Treatment results with immediate overdentures: An evaluation of 4.5 years. J Prosthet Dent 1996;76:153‑7.

Abstract: Proximal humerus fractures constitute 4-5% of all the fractures. These fractures are more common in the elderly people due to osteoporosis. Management of fractures of the proximal humerus still remains a challenge for surgeons. Like fractures of the hip, proximal humerus fractures are a major cause of morbidity in the elderly population. The common causes for the fractures in the young individuals are the road accidents i.e. high energy trauma. These high energy injuries usually present with more comminution and displacement.

[1]. Björkenheim JM, Pajarinen J, Savolainen V. internal fixation of proximal humeral fractures with a locking compression plate. ActaOrthop Scand. 2004; 75:741-5
[2]. Hagg, 0.,and Lundberg, B.: Aspects of prognostic factors in comminuted and dislocated proximal humerus fractures. In Surgery of the Shoulder.pp. 51-59. Edited by J. E. Bateman and P. R. Welsh. Philadelphia. B. C. Decker, 198
[3]. Jakob, R. P.; Kristiansen, T.; Mayo, K.; Ganz, R.; and Muller, M. E.: Classification and aspects of treatment of fractures of the proximal humerus. In Surgery of the Shoulder, pp. 330-343.Edited by J. D. Bateman and P. R. Welsh. Philadelphia. B. C. Decker, 1984.
[4]. IS. Jakob, R. P.; Miniaci, Anthony; Anson, P. S.;Jaberg, Hans; Osterwalder, Andreas; and Ganz, Reinhold: Four-part valgus impacted fractures of the proximal humerus. J. Bone and ]oint Surg., 73-B(2): 295-298, 1991.
[5]. Zyto K. Non-operative treatment of comminuted fractures of the proximal humerus in elderly patients. Injury 1998;29:349-52.
[6]. 14) Chen CY, Chao EK, Tu YK, Ueng SW, Shih CH. Closed management and percutaneous fixation of unstable proximal humerus fractures. J Trauma.1998;45:1039-45.

Abstract: Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is a rare cause of gastrointestinal tract obstruction. It is accompanied with epigastric pain and vomiting. Normally, the angle created by aorta and SMA is between 45-60 degrees. Any factor that narrows the aorto-mesenteric border (less than 10 degrees) can cause entrapment and compression of the third part of the duodenum, leading to SMA syndrome. We recently cared for a patient who presented with typical clinical symptoms and was eventually diagnosed with SMA syndrome. Radiological investigations form the mainstay for diagnosing the condition. X-ray abdomen standing of our patient showed "double bubble sign". Computed tomography of abdomen and pelvis demonstrated duodenal compression between abdominal aorta and superior mesenteric artery. SMA angiography would be the gold standard investigation in these cases. These patients can complicate with electrolyte disturbances, gastric perforation, gastric pneumatosis and portal venous gas, obstructing duodenal bezoar. Many patients can be managed medically, by resting the bowel after decompressing it and correcting electrolyte disturbances. However, patients with long standing history should be treated surgically. Looking at the rarity of the condition, we hope this case report will help educate the readers about the condition and would highlight the importance of increased vigilance required on the part of clinicians to diagnose this condition.

Keywords:abdominal pain, case report, India, superior mesenteric artery.

[1]. Rokitanski CV. Vienna. 3rd edn. Vol. 3. Braumulller and Siedel: 1861. Lehrbuch der Pathologische Anatomie; p. 187.
[2]. Wilkie D. Chronic Duodenal ileus. Am J Med Sci. 1927;173:643–649.
[3]. Superior mesenteric artery syndrome: diagnosis and treatment from the gastroenterologist's view. Lippl F, Hannig C, Weiss W, Allescher HD, Classen M, Kurjak MJ Gastroenterol. 2002; 37:640-3.
[4]. Ylinen P, Kinnunen J, Hockerstedt K. Superior mesenteric artery syndrome — a follow-up study of 16 operated patients. J Clin Gastroenterol 1989;11:386-91.
[5]. Lundell L, Thulin A: Wilkie's syndrome— a rarity? Br J Surg 1980;67:604-6.
[6]. Hutchinson DT, Bassett GS. Superior mesenteric artery syndrome in pediatric orthopedic patients. Clin Orthop 1990;250:250-7
[7]. Anderson WC, Vivit R, Kirsh IE. Arteriomesenteric duodenal compression syndrome. Its association with peptic ulcer. Am J Surg 1973;125:681-9.

Abstract: Background: Periodontal diseases are initiated by microbial plaque, which accumulates in the sulcular region and induces an inflammatory response. Recently there has been intense interest in the role of the adipose tissue derived substances that named adipokines in the inflammatory diseases of the human being including the inflammatory periodontitis. Aims Of Study:This study was performed to evaluate the serum level of leptin and adiponectin in Iraqi periodontitis patients, to determine the association between serum level of the biochemical markers (leptin and adiponectin) with clinical periodontal parameters, and to investigate the correlation between leptin and adiponectin.

[1]. Andriankaja ,O.M., Sreenivasa, S., Dunford, R. and DeNardin, E. (2010). Association between metabolic syndrome and periodontal disease. J. Austr Dent. 55(3):252-9.
[2]. Bullon, P., Morillo, J. M., Ramirez-Tortosa, M.C.,Quiles, J.L. Newman, H .B. and Battino, M. (2009). Metabolic syndrome and periodontitis: is oxidative stress a common link. J .Dent Res. 88(6):503-18.
[3]. Carrenza, F.A. (2009). clinical periodontology 10th edition . Philadelphia WB sounders company.167-80.
[4]. Duarte, P.M., Goncalves, T.E. and Bastos, M.F. (2012) .Circulating Levels of Adipocytokines in Non-Obese Subjects with Chronic Periodontitis. J. Dent Res. 91 (Spec Iss A): 1508.
[5]. Furugen, R., Hayashida, H., Yamaguchi, N., Yoshihara, A., Ogawa, H., Miyazaki, H. and Saito, T.(2008). 0TThe relationship between periodontal condition and serum levels of resistin and adiponectin in elderly Japanese0T. J .Periodontal Res. 43(5):556-62.
[6]. Gesta, S., Tseng, Y.H. and Kahn, C.R. (2007). Developmental origin of fat: tracking obesity to its source. Cell. 131:242-256.
[7]. Gundala, R., Chava, V.k. and Ramalingam, K.(2012). Association of Leptin in Periodontitis and Acute Myocardial Infarction. J. Periodontol. 218-29.

Abstract:Dentin hypersensitivity following tooth preparation is a frequently encountered oral health problem. Dentin hypersensitivity is a "short, sharp pain arising from exposed dentin in response to stimuli typically thermal, evaporative, tactile, osmotic or chemical and which cannot be ascribed to any other form of dental defect or pathology.

[1]. Holland GR, Narhi MN, Addy M, Gangarosa L, Orchardson R. Guidelines for the design and conduct of clinical trials on dentine hypersensitivity. J Clin Periodontol 1997; 24:808-13.
[2]. Trowbridge HO. Mechanism of pain induction in hypersensitive teeth. In: Rowe NH, editor. Hypersensitive dentine: Origin and management. Ann Arbor, USA: University of Michigan; 1985. pp. 1–10.
[3]. Addy M. Dentine hypersensitivity: New perspectives on an old problem. Int Dent J 2002;52:367-75.
[4]. West NX. Dentine hypersensitivity: Preventive and therapeutic approaches to treatment. Periodontol 2000 2008;48:31-41.
[5]. Addy M. Etiology and clinical implications of dentine hypersensitivity. Dent Clin No Amer 1990;34: 503-14.
[6]. Curro F. Tooth hypersensitivity in the spectrum of pain. Dent Clin No Amer 1990;34;429-37.

Abstract: The buccal fat pad flap is an axial flap and may be used to fill small-to-medium sized soft tissue and bony defects in the palate, superior and inferior alveoli and buccal mucosa. It is often encountered as it bulges into the surgical field during surgery in the pterygomandibular region. The buccal fat pad (BFP) as an anatomic element was first mentioned by Heister in 1732 and was described by Bichat in 1802.1Since that time, it has been referred to in the literature by different names, although no detailed anatomic description was pub lished until recently. Scammon2 was the first to describe the anatomy of the BFP, followed by Goughran. 3 The BFP had a limited clinical importance for many years and was usually considered a surgical nuisance because of its accidental encounter either during various operations in the pterygomaxillary space or after injuries of the maxillofacial region

[1]. Bichat F: Anatomiegenetale appliqued a la physiologieet a la medecine. Paris, France, Grosson. Gabon et Cie. 1802
[2]. Scammon RE: On the development and finer structure of the corpus adiposum buccal. Anat Ret 15:267. 1919
[3]. Goughran GR: Fasciae of the masticator space. Anat Ret 129:383. 1957
[4]. Messenger KL. Cloyd W: Traumatic hemiation of the buccal fat pad: Report of a case. Oral Surg 43:-t 1, 1977.
[5]. Wolford DG. Stapleford RG. Forte RA, Heath M: Traumatic of the buccal fat pad: Report of a case. JADA 103:593. 1981
[6]. Stuzin JM, Wagstrom L, Kawamoto HK, Baker TJ, Wolfe A. The anatomy and clinical applications of the buccal fat pad. PlastReconstr Surg. 1990;85:29-37.

Abstract: Objectives: The purpose of this study was to establish the current prevalence of hepatitis B virus among patients attending Dept. Of Microbiology in a tertiary care hospital in eastern India for detection of Hepatitis B infection. Method: 10485 serum samples were tested for detection of HBsAg using commercially available kits, over a period of 1 year from August 2013 to July 2014. Results were evaluated according to age groups, sexes, likely mode of transmission and probable cause for screening . HBsAg reactive samples were tested for HIV and HCV detection.

[[1]. World Health Organisation. Hepatitis B vaccines. Weekly Epidemiological R ecord .2009;40:405-420
[2]. Hepatitis in India-burden ,strategies and plans .quarterly newsletter from the national centre for disease control,jan-march 2014,vol 3,issue 1:1-3
[3]. Gupta S, Gupta R, Joshi YK, et al. Role of horizontal transmission in hepatitis B virus spread among household contacts in North India. Intervirology. 2008;51:7-13.
[4]. Te HS, Jensen DM. Epidemiology of hepatitis B and C viruses: a global overview. Clin Liver Dis. 2010;14:1-21
[5]. Murhekar MV, Murhekar KM, Sehgal SC. Epidemiology of hepatitisB virus infection among the tribes of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2008;102:729-34.

Abstract: The etiology of onychomycosis is only occasionally documented in the eastern part of India. 106 clinically suspected onychomycosis patients were evaluated in this study. Male : female ratio was 1.35:1 and the commonest age group of affliction was 31-40 years. KOH examination revealed 88 (83%) cases, and culture was positive in 86 (81.1%) cases. 66 (62.2%) of them were due to dermatophytes, 8 (7.5%) due to Candida spp. 8 (7.5%) due to Aspergillus spp. and 4 (3.7%) due to Fusarium spp. Among the dermatophytes, Trichophyton was the predominant etiology (90.9%). T. mentagrophytes 14, (21.2%) was the commonest dermatophyte isolated; all the isolates were either anthropophilic or zoophilic. Sensitivity and specificity of KOH mount for diagnosis of dermatophytes in nail samples were 93.9% and 35% respectively. T. verrucosum was associated history of cattle handling and T. mentagrophytes with dog handling. Community based studies are required to reveal the actual burden of dermatophytic onychomycosis patients. Public awareness of the disease is of utmost importance to control and prevent this type of infection.

Keywords: Onychomycosis, zoophilic, dermatophytosis, KOH mount, Trichophyton, Epidermophyton

[1]. Noble SL, Forbes RC, Stamm PL. Diagnosis and management of common tinea infections. Am Fam Physician.1998; 58:163–74,177–8.
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Abstract: The first changes of malignant transformation of cells occur at the DNA level, which later manifest as change in DNA content. Microscopic diagnosis of cancer by assessment of DNA content of the nucleus is highly subjective, minor changes of DNA content may be missed by visual examination. By Quantitative Pathology the diagnosis can be made more precise.Feulgen is the nuclear stain used in most of the studies on image morphometry which requires special staining procedure. In the present study we have carried out the morphometric analysis on haematoxylin stained cytology slides used for routine reporting.The microscopic images captured using a digital camera were analyzed to find out the area, total optical density, hue, saturation and perimeter of the nucleus.

[1]. António E Pinto, Filipa Areia, Teresa Pereira, Paula Cardoso, Mariana Aparício, Giovani L Silva, Mónica C Ferreira, and Saudade
André, "Clinical relevance of the reappraisal of negative hormone receptor expression in breast cancer", SpringerPlus 2013,2:375
Published online Aug 9, 2013. doi: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-375 (2013).
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in Libyan breast cancer", Oncology.;83(3):165-76. doi: 10.1159/000339788. Epub 2012 Aug 15(2012)
[3]. Song T, Lee JW, Kim HJ, Kim MK, Choi CH, Kim TJ, Bae DS, Kim BG., "Prognostic significance of DNA ploidy in stage I
endometrial cancer", Gynecologic Oncology, Volume 122, Issue 1, July 2011, Pages 79-82(2011) doi:
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[4]. Bagwell CB, Clark GM, Spyratos F, Chassevent A, Bendahl PO, Stål O, Killander D, Jourdan ML, Romain S, Hunsberger B,
Wright S, Baldetorp B.. "DNA and cell cycle analysis as prognostic indicators in breast tumors revisited".Clin Lab Med.;21:875-
895 (2001).
[5]. G Bradley, EW Odell, S Raphael, JHo,LWLe, S Benchimol and S Kamel-Reid, "Abnormal DNA content in oral epithelial dysplasia
is associated with increased risk of progression to carcinoma", British Journal of Cancer 103, 1432 – 1442, (2010).
doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6605905

Abstract: Bronchial asthma is most common chronic condition in pregnancy complicating 4%–8% of pregnancies. This illness is becoming an increasing concern, as its prevalence has increased among all women over the past decade. Studies have shown that pregnant asthmatic women have an increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes, whereas controlled asthma is associated with reduced risks. In approximately one- third of women asthma becomes worse, in another one-third becomes less severe and in the remaining one-third it remains unchanged during Pregnancy.

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