iosr-JDMS   Volume-14 ~ Issue-4 ~ April-2015

Abstract: Rehabilitation of a patient with partial resection of soft palate is a prosthodontic challenge. Surgery is the preferred treatment for speech correction in patients affected by velopharyngeal dysfunction which may not be feasible in many clinical situations. Prosthetic treatment combined with speech therapy is the treatment of choice in such patients who cannot be managed with surgical treatment. In velopharyngeal dysfunction, hypernasality and regurgitation of food and liquids is common if defect is not obturated. This case report describes rehabilitation of a patient with soft palate defect and subsequent velopharyngeal insufficiency by a velo-pharyngeal prosthesis.

Keywords : Soft palate obturator, speech aid, velopharyngeal obturator

[1] Knowles JC, Chalian VA, Shanks JC. A functional speech impression used to fabricate a maxillary speech prosthesis for a partial glossectomy patient. J Prosthet Dent 1984;51:232-7
[2] Davis JW, Lazarus C, Logemann J, Hurst PS. Effect of a maxillary glossectomy prosthesis on articulation and swallowing. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry. 1987;57(6):715-9.
[3] Chambers MS, Lemon JC, Martin JW. Obturation of the partial soft palate defect. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry. 2004;91(1):75-9.
[4] Shifman A, Finkelstein Y, Nachmani A, Ophir D. Speech-aid prostheses for neurogenic velopharyngeal incompetence. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry. 2000;83(1):99-106.
[5] Rodenstein DO, Stanescu DC. The soft palate and breathing. The American review of respiratory disease. 1986;134(2):311-25.
[6] Shprintzen RJ, McCall GN, Skolnick ML, Lencione RM. Selective movement of the lateral aspects of the pharyngeal walls during velopharyngeal closure for speech, blowing, and whistling in normals. The Cleft palate journal. 1975;12(00):51-8.

Abstract: Estimation of amniotic fluid volume is a good predictor of maternal and perinatal outcome. Oligohydramnios is due to anamolies of fetus and functional disorders of mother , fetus and placenta. A prospective hospital based study of hundred antenatal women conducted at Guntur Government Hospital (GGH) Guntur Medical College , Guntur from October 2007 to October 2008. Oligohydramnios influence both maternal and perinatal outcome .There is increased incidence of instrumental deliveries and caesarean sections in the pregnant women with oligohydramnios. It increases the incidence of adverse perinatal outcomes like fetal distress, meconium stained liquor , low APGAR scores , low birth weight , NICU admission , perinatal morbidity and mortality. The incidence of oligohydramnios is more in unbooked cases. In this study PIH can be attributed to be one of the aetiological factors of oligohydramnios. The incidence of instrumental deliveries and caesarean section rates(58%) are high when compared to control group. The incidence of fetal distress(40%), meconium stained liquor (36%), low APGAR (20%), low birth weight(56%), and NICU admissions (34%) when compared to control group..

Keywords: Oligohydramnios , fetal distress , meconium stained liquor , IUGR, APGAR score and caesarean delivery.

[1]. Mary B.Munn, MD.Management of Oligohydramnios in Pregnancy.Obstet Gynecol Clin N Am 38(2011)387-395.
[2]. Brace RA, Wolf EJ. Normal amniotic fluid volume changes through out pregnancy . Am J Obstet Gynaecol, 1989 , vol 161 :p-382-388.
[3]. Patterson RM,Prihoda TJ,Pauliot MR,Sonographic amniotic fluid measurement and fetal growth retardation: A reappraisal. AM J Obstet Gynecol 154 :895,1986.
[4]. Nicolaides KH, Peter MT, Vyas s, Rabbinowitz R, Rosen DJ,Campbell S, (1990). Relation of rate of urine production to exygen tension in small for gestational age foetuses. Am. J .Obstet Gynecol,162:387-391.
[5]. campbell S,Wladimiroff JW, Deshert CJ,(1973). The antenatal measurement of fetal urine production .Br.J.Obstet ang Gynecol,80:680.
[6]. Phelan JP, AHN Mo, Smith CV ETAL.AFI measurements during pregnancy. J.Reprad MED. 1987, 32 :601-604.

Abstract: Background: Lack of hamstrings flexibility has been reported to be one of the most important factors contributing to hamstrings injury during high-speed and high-intensity exercise. Active stretching of hamstrings has been found to be more beneficial than passive stretching after 4 weeks. Objective: To compare the effects of two active stretching techniques- modified hold relax technique of PNF and neural mobilization as described by Butler, for improving the flexibility of hamstrings.

[1]. Agre JC: Hamstring injuries: Proposed etiological factors, prevention and treatment. Sports Med 2:2 1-33, 1985
[2]. Anderson, Burke ER: Scientific, medical, and practical aspects of stretching.Clin Sports Med 10:63-86, 1991
[3]. Bandy WD, Irion JM, Briggler M. The Effect of Static Stretch and Dynamic Range of Motion Training on the Flexibility of the Hamstring muscle. J Orthop Sports PhysTher. 1998;27:295–300.
[4]. Breig A, Troup JOG: Biomechanical considerations in the straight leg raising test: Cadaveric and clinical studies of the effects of medial hip rotation. Spine 4:242-250, 1979.
[5]. Butler D, Matheson J, Boyaci A. The Sensitive Nervous System. Adelaide City West, South Australia: The NOI Group; 2000.
[6]. Ciullo JV, Zarins 6: Biomechanics of the musculotendinous unit: Relation to athletic performance and injury. Clin Sports Med 2:71-86, 1983

Abstract: Parasites in the human breast are uncommon but not rare. Hydatid cyst in breast is very rare. Others like cystecercosis, schistosomiasis and filariasis have been documented in the breast though uncommon and their cytomorphology is well characterized. Filariasis caused by wuchereriabancrofti , brugia malayi and brugia timori affect the lymphatic system with a predilection for lower limb , retroperitoneal tissue , spermatic cord and epididymis. Breast , thyroid , body fluids and skin are unusual sites for it , thus making extranodal filariasis a rare entity. I hereby present a young female from an endemic area, with a painful lesion in right breast with enlarged right axillary lymph node and fever. Fine needle aspiration cytology revealed microfilaria of Bancrofti and the diagnosis was given as Filariasis of right breast. Many times it is mistaken for an inflammatory carcinoma clinically.We would like to emphasize that the differential diagnosis of filarial granuloma should be considered in the above mentioned clinical settings in endemic and non-endemic areas as well.

[1]. Chatterjee KD :PhyllumNemathelmenthes,class-nematoda.In Parasitology(Protozoology& Helminthology) in relation to Clinical Medicine 12Edn Calcutta:Chatterjee. Med.Publishers; 1980 : 190 - 199 .
[2]. VargheseR,RaghuveerCV,Pai MR et al-Microfilaria in cytological smears.A report of 6 cases. Acta.cytol.1996;40:299-301.
[3]. Walter A,HemlataK,CariappaA- Microfilaria of WuchereriaBancrofti in cytological smear.Acta Cytol.1983;4:432-436.
[4]. SodhaniP,Murty D A,Pant CS—Microfilaria in a fine needle aspiration from a breast lump-a case report . Cytopathology 1993;4:59-62.
[5]. Bhardwaj S, Mahajan D, AttriMR;Filariasis of the breast.JK Science2007;9:98-99.
[6]. RamtekeRV,ZawarMP,Dantkale SS-Microfilaria in fine needle aspirate from a breast lump. Solapurmedical Journal 2006;3:1-2.

Abstract: The link between anxiety with hypertension and cardiovascular disease has been of interest for many years.A number of studies indicate that symptoms of anxiety are among the psychological factors associated with the development of hypertension. Anxiety is also known to heighten the sympatho-adrenal activity a biological pathway which increases risk of cardiovascular disease.

[1]. SadockBJ,SadockVA,RuizP.Kaplan and Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry, 11thed.Philadelphia:Wolters Kluwers;2015:418
[2]. (http://www.wikipedia coronary heart disease.assesed on 13.4.2015
[3]. Carroll D, Phillips AC, Gale CR, Batty GD. Generalized anxiety and major depressive disorders, their comorbidity and hypertension in middle-aged men. Psychosomatic Medicine 2010;72(1): 16-19.
[4]. Johannessen L, Strudsholm U, Foldager L, Munk-J_rgensen P. Increased risk of hypertension in patients with bipolar disorder and patients with anxiety compared to background population and patients with schizophrenia. Journal of Affective Disorders2006;95(1-3):13-17.
[5]. Cheung BM, Au T, Chan S, Lam C, Lau SH, Lee S. et al. The relationship between hypertension and anxiety or depression in Hong Kong Chinese. Experimental & Clinical Cardiology2005;10(1):21-24.

Abstract: The major blood supply to the long bones occurs through the nutrient arteries, which enter through the nutrient foramina. This blood supply is essential during the growing period of bones. Knowledge regarding the nutrient foramina of bones is useful in surgical procedures to preserve circulation. The study was conducted to analyze the numbers and location of nutrient foramina on diaphysis of 85 numbers of human dry femur collected from the Department of Anatomy, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur. The nutrient foramina location and number/s were identified macroscopically. Single nutrient foramina on the diaphysis of femur was more frequent (71.8%), followed by double nutrient foramina (24.7%) and absent foramina (3.5%). Distribution of foramina is more on linea aspera (90.3%), 5.9% & 3.8% were found on medial and lateral surfaces respectively. Most of the nutrient foramina were present on the upper third of the intermediate area on linea aspera and double nutrient foramina were found on upper third and lower third as well as in between intermediate and medial lips. This study provides data on the morphology of diaphyseal nutrient foramina in human femur which in turn will give information to preserve circulation during surgeries.

Keywords: Diaphysis, Femur, Linea Aspera, Nutrient Foramina.

[1] Williams PL, Bannister LH, Berry MM, Collins P, Dyson M, Dussek JE, et al. Gray's anatomy- the anatomical basis of medicine and surgery. 38th ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 1995. p. 456-68.
[2] Malukar O, Joshi H. Diaphysial Nutrient Foramina In Long Bones And Miniature Long Bones. NJIRM 2011 April-June-Special;2(2):23-6.
[3] Krischner J, Hennerbichler A, Gaber O, Hofman GO. Importance of arterial blood to the femur and tibia for transplantation of vascularised femoral diaphyses and knee joint. World J Surg 1998;22:845-52.
[4] Mysorekar VR, Nandedkar AN. Diaphyseal nutrient foramina in human phalanges. J Anat 1979;128:315-22.
[5] Mysorekar VR. Diaphyseal nutrient foramina in human long bones. J Anat 1967;101:813-22.
[6] Kizilkanat E, Boyan N, Ozsahin ET, Soames R, Oguz O. Location, number and clinical significance of nutrient foramina in human long bones. Ann Anat 2007;189:87-95.

Abstract: Facial lymphadenopathy due to rare kimura's disease diagnosed in young Indian female, with solitary, long standing, nontender, slow growing, freely mobile swelling over right cheek in mandibular region. Provisional diagnosis was tubercular lymphadenopathy based on initial cytology (FNAC) report, as features suggestive of early granulomatous lymphadenitis. So, patient started on Anti tubercular drugs, but not re-sponded, till two months. Then excisional biopsy performed revealed enlarged lymph node and finally diagnosed as Kimura's disease based on histological features. Blood investigations showed eosinophilia and raised Immunoglobulin E levels. She is on cetirizine 10 mg once daily, no evidence of recurrence till last follow up. Kimura disease has to be considered as differential diagnosis in facial lymphadenopathy. In our knowledge of references with literatures published, this may be the first case report of kimura's disease only with unilateral facial lymphadenopathy.

Keywords: kimura's disease, eosinophilia, facial lymphadenopathy, lymphoid follicular hyperplasia, Immunoglobulin E.

[1] Kimm HT, Szeto C. Eosinophilic hyperplastic lymphogranuloma, comparison with Mikulicz's disease. Proc Chin Med Soc 1937;329.
[2] Kung ITM, Gibson JB, Bannatyne PM. Kimura's disease:a clinicopathological study of 21 cases and its distinction from angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia.Pathology. 1984;16:39-44.
[3] Chun SI, Ji HG. Kimura's disease and angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia: clinical and histopathologic differences. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1992;27:954-958.
[4] Ohta, N., Fukase, S., Suzuki, Y., Ito, T., Yoshitake, H. and Aoyagi, M. (2011) Increase of Th2 and Tc1 Cells in Patients with Kimura's Disease. Auris Nasus Larynx, 38, 77-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anl.2010.03.011
[5] Lee HG, Kim BS, Lee AY, et al. A case of Kimura's disease with an unusual location and clinical manifestation Ann Dermatol. 1990;2:145-148 11.

Abstract: Precise fit between dental implants and the superstructure is important for the long term success of implants and implant supported prosthesis. To create an accurate definitive cast, it is critically important to obtain an intraoral impression that accurately captures the 3-dimensional (3-D) spatial orientation of a patient's implants. Traditionally there are two implant impression techniques pickup (direct or open tray) and transfer (indirect or close tray) technique, and various other factors like splinting or non-splinting, impression material, tray, implant angulation etc .which affect the accuracy of implant impression. All these techniques and factors were introduced and investigated for accuracy, but results were not always consistent. The purposes of the present review were to investigate the accuracy of reported implant impression techniques and to examine the clinical factors affecting the implant impression accuracy. Keywords: implant , implant impression, implant material, splinting

[1]. The glossary of prosthodontic terms. J Prosthet Dent 2005;94:30.
[2]. BurgueteRL, Johns RB, King T, Patterson EA. Tightening characteristics for screwed joints in osseointegrated dental implants. J Prosthet Dent 1994;71:592-9.
[3]. Balshi TJ. An analysis and management of fractured implants: a clinical report. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1996;11:660-6.
[4]. Jemt T, Rubenstein JE, Carlsson L, Lang BR. Measuring fit at the implant prosthodontic interface. J Prosthet Dent 1996;75:314-25.
[5]. Wee AG, Aquilino SA, Schneider RL. Strategies to achieve fit in implant prosthodontics: a review of literature. Int J Prosthodont1999;12:167-78.
[6]. Eckert SE, Meraw SJ, Cal E, Ow RK. Analysis of incidence and associated factorswith fractured implants: a retrospective study.Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2000;15:662-7.

Abstract: Correct terminology is Disgerminoma as the prefix 'Dis-', which means 'two', denotes that thetumour occurs in both sexes. The dysgerminoma of the ovary is identical with seminoma of the testes. Dysgerminoma is the commonest (30-40%) malignant germ cell tumour. It arises from undifferentiated form of germ cells. In five percent of cases, it is associated with dysgenetic gonad. 75% of the tumours occur before the age of 30 years. This patient is 28 years, admitted with a chief complaint of acute pain abdomen, fever and lump abdomen. On clinical examination, she was found to have a tender solid tumour of 22-24wks size, mobile more towards right side. Surface is irregular. No organomegaly and no evidence of ascites. Staging laparotomy done and left ovary is the seat of solid tumour falling to the right side of peritoneal cavity. Capsule is intact. No adhesions, no ascites. Other ovary cystic measuring 5x4 cms. And no evidence of growth in rest of abdomen. Left salpingooophorectomy done on 9th January, 2015. Biopsy is taken from the right ovary and from omentum.

Keywords: Dysgerminoma, germ cell tumours, Oophorectomy, Dysgenetic gonad.

[1]. Principles of GynaecologySir.NormanJeffcoate
[2]. Shaw's text book of Gynaecology
[3]. DC Datta's book of Gynaecology
[4]. Sudhasalhan book of Gynaecology
[5]. Gynecological oncology practise guide lines
[6]. WWW.PATHOLOGYOUTLINES .COM

Abstract: Red degeneration is one of the five main types of degenerations that involve uterine leiomyomas. This uncommon type of degeneration found to be the most common form of degeneration of leiomyoma during pregnancy. It is not rare in cases of painful leiomyomas in women over the age of of forty years. Red degeneration is believed to occur when a fibroid outstrips its blood supply leading to progressive degeneration and necrosis (cavernous degeneration/necrobiosis). It is a hemorrhagic infarction of leiomyoma that often occurs during pregnancy. A 48 year old patient presented with a complaint of pain in the lower abdomen and acquired dysmenorrhea of long duration, history of dysuria, history of increased frequency of mictuirition and fever of two days. No history of menorrhagia( excessive bleeding / prolonged duration of bleeding per vagina).

[1]. Shaw's textbook of gynaecology
[2]. Principles of Gynaecology- SirNorman Jeffcoate
[3]. D.C.Dutta's textbook of Gynaecology
[4]. radiopedia.org- carenous degeneration of leiomyoma- Dr. Yuranga Weerakkaody
[5]. radiopedia.org- Red degeneration of uterine fibroid in pregnancy- Dr. Roberto Schubent

Abstract: One of the rarest types of uterine cancers is endometrial stromal carcinoma, a uterine cancer that accounts for less than 1% of the reproductive organ cancers. It occurs in the age group of 40-50 years. Endometrial cancer develops from the glands whereas ESS from different types of cell. ESS tends to be less aggressive and occurs in women younger than the average age for uterine cancers. An young patient of 31 years complained of irregular bleeding per vagina (P/V) following medical termination of pregnancy of 2 months gestation.USG of pelvic organs revealed products of conception and check curettage done and the products sent for histopathological examination. They report as products of conception. Irregular bleeding continues and the patient was sent for magnetic resonance imaging and the report was ? Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia .

[1]. Geetha puliyat,V Raja sekharan nair, shwetha singh department of obstretics and gynecology, SUT academy of medical sciences, vettoppan, Trivandrum,kerala
[2]. What is ESS by madelin vann, MPH/ medically reviewed by Lindsey,marcellin MD,MPH
[3]. LGESS of uterine corpus, a clinicopathological survey study in 14 cases by jahereh ashraf-gangoli,nadereh,behtash,mamk shainat asamosadat mofad
[4]. advances in the disgnosis and treatment of uterine sarcomas DONSDIZON
[5]. Journal of FOGSI, July august, 2014 by Jain Paul S, consultant and Jariwala Mahesh C, consultant, dept. of G & O Jariwala Women's hospital.

Abstract: Aims& objective: To report laboratory diagnosis of 100 cases of Keratomycosis diagnosed at Department of microbiology Maharani Laxmibai Medical College, Jhansi. Method: 100 corneal scrapings were evaluated by 10% KOH, Gram stain and Calcofluor stain (CFW) and the samples will be inoculated on Fungal culture media. Result: Out of 100 cases studied, KOH was positive in 43(43%), CFW was positive in 52(52%) patient and Gram stain was positive in 19(19%) patients. In the present study, positive fungal culture was taken as the gold standard highly sensitive of CFW in detection of fungal filaments compared of KOH and gram stain. Conclusion: Direct microscopy with Calcofluor white smear was more sensitive in detecting fungal elements. This is a simple and rapid staining method for examination for corneal scraping. Early detection will be helpful in medical therapy for corneal ulcer.

Keywords- Corneal scrapings, Fungal keratitis, Calcofluor stain.

[1]. Agarwal V et al, Current perspectives in infectious Keratitis. Indian J ophthalmology 1994: 42:171-191.
[2]. World health organization- Visual impairment and blindness, Fact sheet N 282, October 2011.
[3]. Renuka Srinivasan, Reba Kanungo and Goyal JL. Spectrum of Oculomycosis in South India. Acta Ophthalmologica 1991:69; 744-749.
[4]. Jagdish Chander, Oculomycosis Text Book of Medical Mycology, 3rd Edn,pp 400 – 404. Mehta Publishers A-16 (East) Naraina II, New Delhi - 110028, India.
[5]. Khan MU,Hague MR , Khan MR.prevalence and causes of blindness in Rural Bangladesh . ind J med Res 1985;82;257-262.
[6]. Gilbert CE,wood M, woddel K ,foster A. cause of childhood blindness in East .Africa Result in 491 Pupils attending 17 school for the blind in Malawi, Kenya and Uganda . ophthalmic Epidemiol 1995;77-84.

Abstract: Objective: To compare the effects of 400 μg Misoprostol administered through vaginal and sublingual route for preoperative cervical ripening in infertile patients prior to hysteroscopy and to study the side effects and complications. Methods: This hospital based prospective double-blind study was conducted on 88 infertile patients posted for hysteroscopy. A pre-treatment Hegar's dilator test was done and findings noted for all patients. Randomization of patients was done by flip of coin method for administration of 400 μg Misoprostol sublingually or vaginally 8-12 hours prior to surgery. The primary outcome in this study was the postoperative cervical width as measured by the largest number of Hegar dilator that could be inserted without resistance. The side effects and complications during surgery for each group were also noted.

[1]. Jonathan S. Berek .Infertility and Assisted Reproductive Technology ,Berek & Novak's Gynecology,15th ed.Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publishers 2012;1135-39, 1159-60.
[2]. John A.Rock; Howard W. JonesIII.Operative Hysteroscopy,Te Linde's Operative Gynecology,10 th ed.Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publishers ,2008 ;337-40.
[3]. Jansen FW, Vredevoogd CB, van Ulzen K, Hermans J, Trimbos JB, Trimbos-Kemper TC. Complications of hysteroscopy: a prospective, multicenter study; Department of Gynecology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherland. Obstet Gynecol, 2000 Aug; 96(2) : 266-70.

Abstract: 40 patients underwent open urological surgeries including pelvic surgeries . A flexible Fbreoptic light source was used in addition to the conventional OT lights. Digital images before and after enhancement were taken in the same frame & field and were analysed .Image j analysis showed significant contrast enhancement in the surgical field of interest . Fibre optic light source enhances Vision ,clarity and brightness at the operating site. A focussed contrast enhancement is possible in deeper areas especially of the Pelvic surgeries with the flexible and manoeuvrable light source.The practice is simple, cost effective, easily available and enhances comfort level ,precision and ergonomics of the surgery.

[1]. H S Ram, S Ram. Image J Analysis Of Amniotic Fluid Echogenicity And Labor. The Internet Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2013 Volume 17 Number 3.

Keywords: Complications Of Destructive Pancreatitis, Suppurative-Necrotic Complications,Surgicalaspects

[1]. Sayenko V.F. Modern principles of acute pancreatitis diagnosis and treatment// Reference materials, Kiev,200.-p.172
[2]. Bradley E.L. A clinical based classification system for acute pancreatitis (summary of the Symposium on acute pancreatitis, Atlanta 6 september - 11 through 13, 1992) // Arch. Surg. - 1993. -Vol. 128.P.586-589.

Abstract: Cariogram as an effective tool for assessing caries risk, has been demonstrated in many studies. But its application in special children has not been reported. Aim To assess the effectiveness of Cariogram as an oral health educational tool in reducing caries risk of differently-abled subjects. Settings and Design Dental College, Case series. Methods and Material Eight disabled children were enrolled in the study. As a health educational tools Cariogram was used to educate caregivers about interplay of various risk factors in causing dental caries. Followed by tailored diet counseling and oral health advice were delivered. Intervention was given as per Cariogram's instructions. Changes in oral health maintenance and caries risk were assessed after six weeks. Resulst There was significant reduction in caries risk after six weeks of intervention in all subjects. Conclusion Cariogram software could be used as an effective health educational tool.

Keywords: Cariogram, Disabled children, Caries risk, Educational tool

[1]. Health and safety notes. Oral health for children with disabilities and special needs. California Children Health Program. 1950 Addison Street, Suite 107. Berkeley, CA 94704-1182.
[2]. Naseem Shah, Vijay Mathur, Ajay Logani. Guidelines for Oral Health Promotion and Intervention for Disabled Population. Center for Dental Education and Research, AIIMS, New Delhi 2008-2009.
[3]. Disney JA, Graves RC, Stamm JW, Bohannan HM, Abernathy JR, Zack DD. The University of North Carolina Caries Risk Assessment study: further development in caries risk prediction. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1992 Apr;20(2):64-75.
[4]. Hansel Peterssona G, Twetmanb S, Bratthalla D. evaluation of a computer program for caries risk assessment in schoolchildren. Caries Res 2002;39:327-340.
[5]. D Bratthall, G Hansel Petersson, JR Stjernsward. Cariogram manual, a new and interactive way of illustrating the interaction of factors contributing to the development of dental caries. Cariogram, Internet Version 2.01. April 2, 2004.

Abstract: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of tobacco use among workers (non-teaching staff) in a Dental College in Jaipur. Settings and Design:Methods and Material:A cross-sectional survey was conducted among non-teaching staff (n=106) of a Dental College in Jaipur. The non-teaching staff workers were approached personally and were asked to anonymously fill out a structured questionnaire including the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of tobacco use. Statistical analysis used: Unpaired t-test.

[1]. World health Organization. The World health report 2002 reducing risks, Promoting healthy Life; 2002.
[2]. Patel Dr. Smoking and children. Indian J Pediatric .1999[cited 2010 Aug 10]; 66, Number 6:[817-24].
[3]. Warrenc W, riley L, Asma S, Eriksenm P, Green L, Blantonc et al. Tobacco use by youth: a surveillance report from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey; Bulletin of World health Organization; World health Organization. 2000.
[4]. Gururaj G, Girish N. Tobacco Use amongst children in Karnataka. Indian J Pediatr 2007 Dec [cited 2008 Sep10]; 74:[1095-98].

Abstract: Background: Soft tissue tumor is defined as mesenchymal proliferation that occurs in extra skeletal non epithelial tissue of the body excluding the viscera, covering of brain and the lymphoreticular system. Aims: 1. To study the histopathological features of soft tissue tumors. 2. To study the relative frequency of benign and malignant cases. 3. To estimate the age and sex distribution.

[1]. Jain P, Shrivastava A, Mallik R.Clinicomorphological Assessment of Soft Tissue Tumors.Sch J App Med Sci 2014; 2(2D):886-90.
[2]. Hassawi BA, Suliman AY, Hasan IS.Soft tissue tumours – Histopathological study of 93 cases. Ann Coll Med Mosul 2010; 36 (1&2): 92-8.
[3]. Batra P, Gupta DO, Batra R, Kothari R, Bokariya P. Pattern of Soft Tissue Tumours In A Rural Population Of Central India. Innovative Journal of Medical and Health Science 3: 3 May – June. (2013) 124-6.
[4]. Kransdorf MJ. Benign soft-tissue tumours in a large referral population: distribution of specific diagnoses by age, sex, and location. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1995; 164(2): 395-402.
[5]. Kransdorf MJ.Malignant soft tissue tumours in a large referral population: Distribution of specific diagnosis by age, sex and location. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1995; 164(1): 129-34.
[6]. Petersen I, Gunther B, Mildner K, Subhi F, Knosel T, Altendorf-Hofmann A, Katenkamp D. Update from the soft tissue tumour registry. Jena Pathologe 2011; 32(1): 40-46.

Abstract: Advanced maternal age is considered as a major influencing factor for recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). However contrarily incidence of young women experiencing RPL is increasing drastically. Maternal age and maternal mother's age are analyzed against the control group considering the reproductive history and pedigree analysis to study the association between RPL and advanced age. A total of 400 women aged 18-40 years with the history of two or more pregnancy loss attending different hospitals and clinics in Mysore city, South Karnataka were recruited. As control group 400 women of similar age range with no previous history of RPL were recruited. In this study, 84% of the pregnancies intended to be carried to term ended with fetal loss within 30 years of age. Surpringly 67.25 % of the maternal mothers were observed to be above above 35 years of age when they gave birth to young mothers with RPL. The risk of a spontaneous abortion was observed to be 64.6% in women aged 18–25 years and only 16% with age 30-40 years. Therefore not alone advanced maternal age but advanced maternal mother's age should be considered as a major risk factor for RPL.

Keywords - advanced age, maternal mother, pedigree analysis, recurrent pregnancy

[1]. G.M Stirrat, Recurrent miscarriage I: definition and epidemiology. The Lancet ,336 ( 8716),673-675.
[2]. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists ACOG practice bulletin. Management of September 1995). American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 2002 ,78(2),179-90. [3]. C Rubio , C Simon, F Vidal, L Rodrigo, T Pehlivan, J Remohi, Chromosomal abnormalities and embryo development in recurrent miscarriage couples,Hum Reprod,2003,18,182-188. [4]. HB Ford, DJ Schust. Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Therapy,Reviews in Obstetrics and Gynecology,2009,2(2),76-83.

Abstract: The aim of the current investigation is to elucidate the possibility of using trans-abdominal ultrasound to diagnose prostate pathologies. A total of 200 adult patients (age range of 20-90) who suffered from prostatic disorders, were scrutinized with trans-abdominal ultrasonography to evaluate the prostate pathologies as well as the renal system disorders. The results showed that 46.5% of the patients (n=93) had benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH),18% of the patients (n=36) had prostate cancer,11.6% of the patients (n=5)suffered prostatitis. There was a high significant (P<0.001) association between age and BPH, prostatic cancer and chronic prostatitis.

[1]. Al-Durazi MH, Al-Helo HA, Al-Reefi SM, Al-Sanaa SM, Abdulwahab WA. Routine ultrasound in acute retention of urine. Saudi Med J. 2003; 24(4): 373-375.
[2]. American cancer society. Cancer Facts & Figures. Atlanta, Ga: American Cancer Society; 2015. Midline article
[3]. Barry MJ, McNaughton-Collins M. Benign prostate disease and prostatitis. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, Eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd Ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007: chap 130. [4]. de Lacey G, Johnson S, Mee D. Prostatism: how useful is routine imaging of the urinary tract. BMJ, 1988; 296: 967-969 [5]. Franco G, De Nunzio C, Leonardo C, Tubaro A, Ciccariello M, De Dominicis C, Miano L, Laurenti C. Ultrasound assessment of intravesical prostatic protrusion and detrusor wall thickness—new standards for noninvasive bladder outlet obstruction diagnosis. J Urol. 2010; 183(6):2270-2274. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2010.02.019.
[6]. Jeffrey C. Applewhite, MD, Brian R. Matlaga, MD, MPH, David L. McCullough, MD, and M. Craig Hall, MD. Transrectal ultrasound and biopsy early diagnosis of prostate cancer. . March/April 2001; 8(2): 141-150. Medline article.

Abstract: Background: Proximal tibial fractures present a difficult problem both in relation to bony as well as soft tissue. These injuries are further complexed by open fractures thereby decreasing the success of any treatment method. Methods:We retrospectively analyzed 35 cases of AO/OTA Type 41C2 and 41C3 proximal tibial fractures treated with either closed reduction or minimal open reduction and stabilization hybrid fixator. Twenty-one cases were closed fractures while fourteen cases were open injuries. Minimum duration of follow-up was six months and maximum was Three years.

[1]. Hohl M.Tibial Condyle Fracture. J Bone & Joint Surg Am. 1967. 49; (1455-1487).
[2]. Schatzker J, Tile M. Fractures of the Tibial Plateau. The Rationale of Operative Orthopaedic Care, Springer-Verlag, New York; 1988; 279–295.
[3]. Müller ME, Nazarain S, Koch Pet al. The Comprehensive Classification of Fractures Long Bones. New York(Springer- Verlag. 1990).
[4]. Lansinger O, Bergman B, Korner L et al. Tibial condylar fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1986. 68; 13.
[5]. Lasanianous R, Beuerlein MJ. Open Reduction and Internal Fixation Compared with Circular Fixator Application for Bicondylar Tibial Plateau Fractures Surgical Technique. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2007, 90:88-98

Abstract: A prospective study was carried out in the department of Otorhinolaryngology in the Assam Medical college and Hospital, Dibrugarh. Between the October 2012 to September 2014.A total 56 cases were taken, having Epiphora, Acute-on- chronic Dacryocystitis following nasolacrimal duct (NLD) obstruction and common canalicular block. Those having noticeable lid laxity, post traumatic lid and bony deformity, Dacryolith, Traumatic obstruction, Suspicion of Malignancy, Previous radiation therapy were excluded .Success was defined as grade 0,1 and 2 Epiphora, 0 being complete patency of lacrimal drainage system confirmed by irrigation at 3 months follow-up. Out of 56 cases, 48 were Female and 8 were Male. . The age of the patients ranged from 17- 48 years. All had unilateral NLD obstruction. All 40 had persistent Epiphora, while16 had purulent discharge. Most of the patients, 30 had two years H/O Epiphora and 16 had less than one year.48 patients had the procedure performed successfully. Complications include synechiae (3 patients), 5 patient had granulation at the Rhinostomy site. Endo DCR is a valid alternative to external procedure in the management of NLD obstruction. It is a less invasive procedure and effcacious method with high success rate and good outcome.

Keywords - Endo DCR , nasolacrimal duct (NLD), Dacryocystitis

[1]. Coden DJ, Hornblass A, Haas BD (1993) Clinical bacteriology of dacryocystitis in adults. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 9:125–131
[2]. El-Guindy A, Dorgham A, Ghoraba M (2000) Endoscopic revision surgery for recurrent epiphora occurring after external dacryocystorhinostomy. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 109:430–435
[3]. Caldwell GW: Two new operations for obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct, NYJ Med 1893,57:581-582.

Abstract: Genital elephantiasis is caused by a variety of infective and non infective causes leading to blockage of lymphatic. We are presenting a rare case of vulval elephantiasis which occurred in a 14-year old unmarried female and who presented with vulval swelling and on examination it was bilateral, soft, polypoidal growth measuring 10 × 12 cm in right and 11 × 12 cm left , arising from the labia majora ,the overlying skin was hard and showed rugosities. FNAC (Fine needle aspiration cytology) was contributory for diagnosis. The case was operated by excision of thickened skin and subcutaneous tissue followed by primary closure. Keywords - Filariasis , Vulval Elephantiasis

[1]. Sharma K, Gupta S, Naithani U, Gupta S. Huge vulval elephantiasis: Anesthetic management for caesarean delivery. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 2011; 27:416-7.
[2]. Richens J. Genital manifestations of tropical diseases. Sex Transm Infect 2004;80:12-7.
[3]. Gupta S, Ajith C, Kanwar AJ, Sehgal VN, Kumar B,Mete U. Genital elephantiasis and sexually transmitted infections - revisited. Int J STD AIDS 2006; 17:157-65.
[4]. Adesiyun AG, Samaila MO. Huge filarial elephantiasis vulvae in a Nigerian woman with subfertility. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2008; 278:597-600.
[5]. Chintamani, Singh J, Tandon M, Khandelwal R, Aeron T, Jain S, et al. Vulval elephantiasis as a result of tubercular lymphadenitis: two case reports and a review of the literature. J Med Case Rep 2010; 4:369.

Abstract: House provides safety, security and shelter to the members living in it. Proper housing is required for maintaining optimum health. By deductive reasoning, a strong relationship can be established between poor housing and conditions such as respiratory infections, skin infections, house accidents and psychosocial problems. In India, about 68.8% of the total population lives in rural area, most of them are poor and landless. So the present survey conducted in the field practice area of Rural Health and Training Centre, to know the housing condition and housing facilities as per rural housing standards in India and its association with infestation.

[1]. AH Suryakantha. Community Medicine with Recent Advances. 3rd Ed. Jaypee Brother Publisher, 2014, New Delhi. p-62
[2]. Park K. Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine. 23rd Ed. Bhanot Publisher, Jan 2015, Jabalpur.p-752
[3]. censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/india/Rural_Urban_2011.pdf
[4]. W.H.O (2003), Basic Indicators 2002, Health Situation In South East Asia.
[5]. Government of India (1949). Report of Environment Hygiene Committee, Ministry of Health, New Delhi.
[6]. mospi.nic.in/mospi_new/upload/dir_s…
[7]. Draft National Reforms Policy 2013, Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India. Available at:
http://dolr.nicin/dolr/downloads/pdfs/Draft_National_Land_Reforms_Policy_July_2013.pdf

Abstract: Sturge –Weber syndrome (SWS) or encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis is a sporadic,congenital phakomatosis of unknown etiology.Diagnosed by the triad of facial port wine stain(PWS) in the trigeminal nerve distribution, leptomeningeal venous angiomatosis ,and glaucoma. Bilateral Sturge-Weber Syndrome is a rare entity. We present in this report a rare case of bilateral SWS type II , with PWS involving the Ophthalmic, Maxillary divisions of trigeminal nerves with choroidal hemangiomas and late onset glaucoma but without any neurological affection .

Keywords: Sturge –Weber syndrome (SWS), Facial port wine stain (PWS), Choroidal hemangiomas, Glaucoma.

[1]. Roach ES.Neurocutaneous syndromes. Pediatr Clin North Am 1992;39:591-620.
[2]. Zhou J, Li NY, Zhou XJ, Wang JD, Ma HH, Zhang RS. Sturge-Weber syndrome: A case report and review of literatures. Chin Med J 2010;123:117-21.
[3]. Pascual-Castroviejo I, Pascual-Pascual SI, Velazquez-Fragua R, Viano J. Sturge-Weber syndrome: Study of 55 patients. Can J Neurol Sci 2008;35:301-7.
[4]. Govori V, Gjikolli B, Ajvazi H, Morina N. Management of patient with Sturge-Weber syndrome: A case report. Cases J 2009;2:9394
[5]. Del Monte MA. Sturge-Weber Syndrome. [Electronic version]. Available from: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1219317-overview.

Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance or drug resistance is the ability of a microorganism (like bacteria, viruses and some parasites) to stop an antimicrobial (such as antibiotics, antivirals and antimalarials) from working against it. As a result, standard treatments become ineffective, infections persist and may spread to others. Inappropriate use of antimicrobials drives the development of drug resistance. Both overuse, underuse and misuse of medicines contribute to the problem.Irrational use of medicines is a major problem worldwide. The present study was under taken with the objectives to study the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) associated with Anti Microbial Resistance (AMR) among Medical students.

[1]. Antimicrobial resistance: global report on surveillance 2014, WHO.
[2]. World Health Organization: Combat drug resistance. WHO; 2011:1–2. http://www.who.int/world-health-day/2011/en/.
[3]. Qavi A, Segal-Maurer S, Mariano N, Urban C, Rosenberg C, Burns J, Chiang T,Maurer J, Rahal JJ: Increased mortality associated with a clonal outbreak of ceftazidime-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: a case–control study.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2005, 26:63–68.
[4]. Vila J, Pal T: Update on antimicrobial resistance in low-income countries: Factors favouring the Emergence of resistance. Open Infect Dis J 2010,4:38–54.
[5]. Facts on antimicrobial resistance; W.H.O 2011 World Health Day