iosr-JDMS   Volume-14 ~ Issue-4 ~ April-2015

Abstract: Formaldehyde and its products have been widely used in endodontic procedures as intracanal medicaments. Formocresol has gained popularity in pediatric dentistry as pulpotomy medicament. The very nature of formocresol is to fix the soft tissues when exposed. When using it as a pulpotomy medicament, care should be taken to expose only the pulp tissue for such medicaments. When proper isolation techniques are not employed, such injuries can occur as an extended action of the chemical nature of the substance on unintended parts of the oral mucosa. This article presents and discusses the case of coagulative necrosis of Labial mucosa and its subsequent healing, which compromised on the quality of life of the patient. As a pediatric dentist, the clinician should be aware of hazardous effects formocresol and necessary care and preventive measures like rubber dam isolation should me mandatorily employed while using formocresol.

Key words: Iatrogenic injuries, Formocresol and Oral Mucosa

[1]. Ozecelik O, Haytac CM, Akkaya M. Iatrogenic trauma to oral tissues. J Periodontal 2005;76:1793 – 1797.
[2]. Glivetti C, Porter R, Fedel S. Traumatic chemical oral ulcerations: A case report and review of literature. BDJ 2010; 208(7): 297-300.
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[4]. Bronstein et al. 2011 Annual report of American association of poison control center's National poison data system(NPDS): 29th annual report. Clinical Toxicology 2012:50; 911-1164.
[5]. Murrin J R, Abrams H, Barkmeler W W. Chemical burn of oral tissues by dental varnish: report of a case. Int dent J 1978;47:580-581. [6]. Harris JH, Soft-tissue burns from a dentin bonding agent. Gen Dent. 1991; Sep-Oct: 39(5):350-1. [7]. Ulcerative conditions. In: Joseph A. Regezi, James J. Scuba and Richard C. K. Jordan. Oral Pathology: Clinical Pathologic Correlations. 6th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2011:30-82..

Abstract: Anaemia is the commonest medical disorder in pregnancy and severe anaemia is associated with poor maternal and perinatal outcome.The study aimed to analyze the characteristics of hospitalized pregnant women with severe anaemia (Haemoglobin lower than7gms %) at the time of delivery and to find out maternal outcome. It is a prospective study done at Government general hospital, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India over a period of one year from October 2007 to September 2008. Results were analyzed. Out of 9731 deliveries during study period 282 (2.89%) cases were severely anemic at the time of delivery.

[1]. Schwartz WJ, Thurnau GR. Iron Deficiency Anaemia in Pregnancy. ClinObstetGynecol 1995; 38: 443- 454.
[2]. Marhatta R. Study of anemia in pregnancy and its outcome in Nepal Medical college Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. Nepal Med coll J 2007; 9:270-4.
[3]. Rajeshwari, Kand Ashok Kumar Behera. The study of incidence of maternal anaemia in various age groups of women going to labour in Orissa. International Journal of Recent Trends in Science and Technology, Volume 12, (2) 2014: pp 250-252.
[4]. Kalaivani, K.Prevalence& consequences of anaemia in pregnancy. Indian J Med Res 130, November 2009. p 627-33.
[5]. Sarin AR. Severe anemia in pregnancy, recent experience. Int J GynecolObstet 1995; 50:45-49.
[6]. Brabin L, Nicholas S, Gogate A, Karande A. A high prevalence of anemia among women in Mumbai, India. Food Nutr Bull 1998;19:205-9.

Abstract: Placenta is a vital organ playing central role in pregnancy. It maintains pregnancy and promotes normal fetal development and serves as a major organ for transfer of essential elements between mother and fetus. Placental function is highly influenced by its anatomical structure. Present study aims to correlate morphological changes in preeclampsia with fetal birth weight and compare it to normotensive placentae . A cross sectional descriptive study was undertaken in our medical college. Total 100 placentae,50 from normotensive pregnancies and 50 from preeclampsia cases were collected.The morphometric parameters of placentae were recorded. Fetal weight and APGAR score was recorded as fetalparameters.Morphometric parameters of placenta such as weight, diameter, thickness and fetal weight was lower in study group as compared to control group. Placental weight had significant correlation with fetal birth weight. Preeclampsia is associated with placental dysfunction and definite morphological changes of placenta due to reduced uteroplacental blood flow.

Keywords: Morphology,Placenta, Fetal weight, Preeclampsia.

[1] Udaina A, Bhagwat SS, Mehta CD.Relation between placental surface area, infarction and foetal distress in pregnancy induced hypertension with its clinical relevance. J.Anat. Soc . India, 53(1), 2004, 27-30
[2] Salmani D, Purushothaman S, Chikkannashetty S, Somashekara, Gnanagurudasan E, Sumangaladevi K et al. Study of structural chanhes in placenta in pregnancy induced hypertension. Journal of natural science, Biology and medicine, 25(2), 2014, 352-355
[3] Teasdale F. Gestational changes in the functional structure of the human placenta in relation to fetal growth: a morphometric study. Am J Obstet Gynecol,137,1980, 560-563.
[4] Modi H N, Umaraniya YN, Prajapati HK, Rathod JB, Chauhan HM, Chaudhary SM. Morphology of placenta in pregnancy induced hypertension. Medical sciences,2(9), 2013, 273-274.
[5] HuppertzB.Placental origins of preeclampsia:challenging and current hypothesis.Hypertension ,51, 2008, 970-975.
[6] Rafah H, Mamori L. Macroscopical and microscopical study of placenta in normal and in pregnancy induced hypertension. QMJ ,6(10),18-26..

Abstract: Dysphagia is common in neurological , neurosurgical cases , cancer cases etc . Here we are resenting various neurological ,neurosurgical cases like strokes, head injuries , ICSOL patients , degenerative diseases like parkinsons disease ,Ca Tongue with dysphagia . All these patients have dysphagia, odynophagia, chocking spells on attempted feeding . By PEG procedure they have good relief of symptoms. Risk of chocking and aspiration pneumonia can be prevented .

Keywords: PEG, dysphagia , stroke , ICSOL , ICH , parkinsons disease , Cancers.

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Abstract: Background- During transition from childhood to adulthood people is exposed to various hazards having potentiality to lead to unnatural deaths by distorting physical, mental and social wellbeing. Studying pattern of unnatural deaths helps stakeholders to formulate policies for prevention of loss of important human resource. Objective- to study the spectrum of unnatural deaths among adolescents. Methodology- cross-sectional descriptive study in the mortuary of Bankura Sammilani Medical College of West Bengal, India. Data from January to December, 2014 were collected from autopsy reports, police inquest reports, copy of death certificates etc. using predesigned format.

[1]. Adolescents: Health risk and solutions, Fact sheet N°345 Updated May 2014, WHO, Geneva. Availed at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs345/en/. Cited on: 9/4/2015.
[2]. Orientation programmes for medical officers to provide Adolescent–friendly Reproductive and Sexual health services, facilitator's guide 11-18. Availed at: http://www.pbnrhm.org/dOCS/facilitator_guide.pdf; Cited on: 9/4/2015.
[3]. Sunitha S, Gururaj G. Health behaviours & problems among young people in India: Cause for concern & call for action. Indian J Med Res 2014; 140:185-208.
[4]. Parasuraman S, Kishor S, Singh SK, Vaidehi Y. A profile of youth in India. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3), India, 2005-06. Mumbai: International Institute for Population Sciences; Calverton, Maryland, USA: ICF Macro; 2009. Available from: http://www.rchiips.org/NFHS/youth_report_for_website_18sep09.pdf, Accessed on 9.4,2015.
[5]. Sarangi L, Acharya H P, Panigrahi O P. Substance abuse among adolescents in urban slums of Sambalpur. Indian J Community Med 2008; 33: 265-7.

Abstract: Objectives: To analyze the Diagnostic role of Computed Tomography in the evaluation of proptosis. Material And Methods: 80 patients presenting with proptosis were evaluated for CT scan Orbits. Role of CT was evaluated in characterizing the precise location and extension of the lesions causing proptosis. Final diagnosis was made based on the histopathology, operative findings and clinical outcome. Results: Most common cause of proptosis was Orbital tumors(38.75%) followed by Pseudotumor(12.5%). Among the Tumors Lymphoma and Optic nerve Glioma were the common lesions. Pseudotumor(12.5%) and Graves disease (10%) are the inflammatory causes. Other causes of proptosis include infections (15%), paraorbital tumors (12.5%), Trauma (8.75%) and vascular causes (2.5%). Accuracy of Computed Tomography in the diagnosis of etiology of proptosis was 85%.

[1]. Masud MZ, Babar TF, Iqbal A et al, Proptosis- etiology and demographic patterns. J. Coll. Physicians Surg. Pak. 2006; 16(1):
38-41
[2]. Margo CE, Mulla ZD, Malignant tumors of the orbit. Ophthalmology 1998; 105: 185
[3]. Johnson LN, Krohel GB, Yeon EB, Parnes SM, Sinus tumors invading the orbit. Ophthalmology 1984; 91(3): 209-17.
[4]. KK Sabharwal, Al Chouhan, S Jain, CT evaluation of proptosis, IJRI,2006 16:4:683-688
[5]. Narula M. K. et al, Ultrasound evaluation of proptosis. IJRI 1994; 4: 203-206

Abstract:Colobomas can arise anywhere along the line of fusion of the embryonic fissure, which extends posteriorly from the optic disc to the inferior pupillary frill of iris anteriorly. Inadequate closure of the superior end causes optic disc coloboma while more widespread failure to close causes retinochoroidal coloboma. We present a rare case report of bilateral lens (which is very rare), iris, and retinochoroidal coloboma, in a 30 yrs old patient who came with a history of diminution of vision in both eyes. The visual field of each eye displayed an absolute scotoma corresponding to the size and location of the coloboma. The patient was given best possible refractive correction in left eye and was advised regular follow up because complications may occur at any time.
Keywords: Chorioretinal coloboma; lens coloboma; iris coloboma; optic disc.

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Abstract: The effects of oral administration of the aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera seed at 400, 800 and 1600 mg/kg was investigated in 25 male Wistar rats after 28 days of treatment and 2 weeks withdrawal of group four after the 28 days. Treatment with the extract did not significantly (P > 0.05) alter the levels of haemoglobin, red blood cell, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration. The extract however induced significant decrease (P<0.05) in the concentrations of platelets and total white blood at 1600 mg/kg. Moringa oleifera seed extract induced histological lesion on the spleen of the rats treated with 800mg/kg and 1600mg/kg and the withdrawal group showed recovery in both platelet, WBC and in histopathology of spleen. The data from this experiment may be a guideline for establishing the appropriate dose range of Moringa oleifera seed extract on further development of safety herbal products.

Keywords: Moringa oleifera seed, rats, hematological, spleen.

[1]. Achinewu, S. C. and Aniena M. I. (1995). Studies of spices of food value in the South Eastern states of Nigeria: Journal of African medicinal plants; 18:135-139.
[2]. Agaie, B., (2004). The role of phytochemicals in optional health. Journal of the National Academy for Child Development, 11(1): 27-29.
[3]. Ajibade, T.O., Olayemi, F. and Arowolo, R.O.A. (2012).The haematological and biochemical effects of methanol extract of the seeds of Moringa oleifera in rats. J Med Plant Res. 6(4): 615-621.
[4]. Amaglah, F.K. and Benanng, A. (2009). Effectiveness of Moringa oleifera seed as coagulant for water purification. Afr. J. Agric. Res. 4(1):119-123.

Abstract: Induction of labour with the aim of achieving vaginal delivery has become a routine practice. The successful outcome of induction of labour depends upon the state of cervix. Aims and objectives: The aim of this study is to compare the safety and efficacy of intracervical PGE2gel and intracervical foley's catheter in pre-induction cervical ripening and to evaluate the cost-effectiveness and reliability of these methods Study design: A randomized prospective study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology in Government General hospital, Vijayawada. One hundred antenatal women at term were randomly allocated to two groups to receive intracervical foley's catheter and prostaglandin E2 gel. Bishop's score is assigned before induction and reassigned after 6 hrs. Labour was augmented if required.

[1]. Anthony sciscione et al. 1999 – a prospective randomized comparison of Foley's catheter insertion Vs intracervical PGE2 gel for pre induction cervical ripening Obstetrics and gynaecology, November 2001, volume 98, issue 5, part 1, pg ; 751-756.

[2]. St.onge : American Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology 1995, ISSN 0002-9378.

[3]. Ezlmokhai and Nwabinelli 1980; the use of Foley's catheter ripening the unfavourable cervix prior to induction of labour British Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 87, 281-286.

[4]. Bishop's E.H – 1964 – Pelvic scoring for elective induction obstetrics and gynaecology 24 : 266-268.

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Abstract: Soft tissue sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of tumours with a wide variety of presentation. These tumours can present a challenge in management, ranging from diagnosi ,to treatment and rehabilitation. They often require a multimodal and multidisciplinary approach in their management. This study was aimed at determining the nature of presentation of these tumours in our hospital and elucidating the most common varieties, the anatomical regions involved, as well as the age and sex patterns of these tumours. This was a retrospective study carried out at the Jos university teaching hospital, covering a period of ten years, 2000 to 2009. Data was obtained from the cancer registry and case notes of patients diagnosed histologically. 108 patients were diagnosed to have soft tissue sarcoma.

[1]. Maretty-Nielsen K, Aggerholm-Pedersen N, Safwat A, Jorgensen PH, Hansen BH, Baerentzen S, et al. Prognostic factors for local recurrence and mortality in adult soft tissue sarcoma of the extremities and trunk wall: a cohort study of 922 consecutive patients. Acta orthopaedica. 2014;85(3):323-32.
[2]. Lewis CJ, Gerrand C, Barnes DE, Murray S, Milner RH, Ragbir M. Experience of angiosarcoma in the North of England Bone and Soft Tissue Tumour Service. Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS. 2011;64(7):884-91.
[3]. Panotopoulos J, Funovics P, Windhager R. [Soft tissue sarcoma]. Zeitschrift fur Orthopadie und Unfallchirurgie. 2014;152(3):277-91; quiz 92.
[4]. Adigun IA, Rahman GA. A review of soft tissue sarcoma. Nigerian journal of medicine : journal of the National Association of Resident Doctors of Nigeria. 2007;16(2):94-101.
[5]. Reid A, Martin-Liberal J, Benson C. Trabectedin for advanced soft tissue sarcomas: optimizing use. Therapeutics and clinical risk management. 2014;10:1003-11.

Abstract: Congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries are the important causes of morbidity and mortality associated with chest pain or sudden death. This clinical and hemodynamic significance makes the study of variations by using noninvasive imaging modalities like Multi Detector Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography (MDCT CA) and Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for preoperative evaluation. In this case series we report anomalous origin of right coronary artery with malignant inter arterial course in three patients detected on MDCT CA.

Keywords: Coronary artery, MDCT CA, Right coronary artery (RCA) Anomalous origin, Malignant inter arterial course.

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Abstract: Introduction: Epidural anaesthesia is a versatile regional anaesthetic technique widely used in practice, which over spinal anaesthesia has the advantages such as it provides effective surgical anaesthesia which can be prolonged with postoperative analgesia, segmental blockade and better haemodynamic stability. Materials and Methods: The present study titled "A comparative study of levobupivacaine 0.5% and bupivacaine 0.5% in epidural anaesthesia in elective lower limb surgeries in adults" was conducted in the Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, D.Y Patil Medical College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai from December 2013 to July 2014. Inclusion Criteria: Patients with an age group of 18 to 60 years of either sex, ASA Grades 1 and 2, patients posted for elective lower limb.......

Keywords: Epidural Anaesthesia; Bupivacaine; Levobupivacaine; Lower Limb Surgeries; Clinical Efficacy.

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