Version-5 (April-2015)
ALL VERSIONS : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
- Citation
- Abstract
- Reference
- Full PDF
Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | A Comparative Study of Suppression of Post Operative nausea and vomiting in Elective Cesarean section under Spinal Anaesthesia using Granisetron, Granisetron+Dexamethasone and Granisetron + Dexamethasone+ Glycopyrrolate |
Country | : | India |
Authors | : | Dr T. SuryaSree || Dr K. Indira Priya Darshini || Dr Pratiksha |
Abstract: This Study was done to compare efficacy and safety after antiemetic prophylaxis with Granisetron alone (Group I), Granisetron + Dexamethasone (Group II) and Granisetron+ Dexamethasone + Glycopyrrolate (Group III) in suppressing PONV in elective caesarian sections under spinal anaesthesia. The aim was to search for a better drug or combination of drugs for suppression of post operative nausea and vomiting (PONV), to compare haemodynamic changes, to observe side effects if any. Patients were allocated randomly into three different groups. Patients belonging to group I received- Inj.Granisetron 3mgIV, Group II received-Inj.Granisetron3mg+Dexamethasone4mgandgroup III received- Inj.Granisetron 3mg+Dexamethasone 4mg +Glycopyrrolate 0.2mg IV. Blood pressure, PR, SPO2 measurements were recorded upto 24 hours. Intra operative and postoperative nausea, retching and emetic episodes were recorded.
[1]. Chestnut DH Vinsent RD, Choi WW et al – Anesthesiology 1987;67:877-88.
[2]. Watcha MF, White PF, Smith et al – Post operative nausea and vomiting, etiology, treatment and prevention Anesthesia 1992;77:162-184
[3]. Ali Melkikila, T.Kaila , Kanto J et al Pharmacokinetics of Glycopyrronium in Parturients 1990;45:634-637.
[4]. Wang JJ, Host, LiuHS et al – Prophylactic antiemetic effect of dexamethasone in women undergoing ambulatory laparoscopic surgery. British Journal of Anasthesia 2004;84(4):459-462.
[5]. Fuji Y, Saito Y, Tanakha H Prevention of Post op. vomiting with Granisetron + Dexamethasone combination for reducing nausea and vomiting after spinal ananesthesia for caesarean section. Anaesthesia Analogue 1999;88:1346-50.
[6]. Biswas BN, Rudra A Dr SK Das, compared Granisetron , Granisetron+ Dexamethasone to prevent PONV after lap. cholecystectomy Acta Anaesthol Scand 2003;Jan47(1):79-83.
- Citation
- Abstract
- Reference
- Full PDF
Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Maternal Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defence during Labour |
Country | : | India |
Authors | : | Chitra M || Mathangi DC || Pricilla Johnson || Prema Sembulingam |
Abstract: Pregnancy inducesmaternal adaptations physiologically to meet the growing demands of the developing fetus. As pregnancy advances, due to increased oxygen demand, there is increased production of free radicals. Oxidative stress is induced in pregnancy due to more production of free radicals and less efficient antioxidant system. This process intensifiesduring labour and severely affects the maternal antioxidant reserve.The present study was aimed at quantifying the distinguishing changes that accompanies during labour with respect to oxidative stress. 20 healthy pregnant women without any complications were taken as study group and 13 age matched non-pregnant subjects were included as control group. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidants such as reduced Glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were estimated before and after delivery inplasma and hemolysate respectively using Spectrophotometric method.
[1]. [1]Cheeseman. K.H and T.F. Slater.An introduction to free radical biochemistry.British Medical Bulletin.49(1993), pp. 481-493.
[2]. Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC, CrossCC. Free radicals ,antioxidants and human disease : Where are wenow?The Journal of Laboratoryand Clinical Medicine.1992; 119:598-620.
[3]. James R, Woods Cavanagugh, Norvus. The effect of labour on maternal and fetal vitamins C and E. AmericanJournal of Obstetrics andGynecology, 2002; 187 (5): 1179 – 1183
[4]. Clapp,J.F (1988) Maternal physiological adaptation during early human pregnancy American Journal ofObstetrics and Gynecology
[5]. Sullivan JL: Iron, plasma antioxidants and the "Oxygen radical disease of prematurity"AmericanJournal of Diseases of Children 1998,142: 1341-1344.
[6]. Lagod L, Paszkowski T, Sikorski R, Rola R: The antioxidant and prooxidant balance in pregnancy complicated by spontaneous abortion.GinekologiaPolska. 2001, 72:1073-1078.
[7]. Lees MH, Hill JD, Ochsner AJ III, Thomas CL, Novy MJ. Maternal placental and myometrial blood flow of the rhesus monkey duringutrinecontractions.American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1971:110:68-81
- Citation
- Abstract
- Reference
- Full PDF
Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Study of Congenital Malformations in a Tertiary Hospital, Government General Hospital, Guntur |
Country | : | India |
Authors | : | Dr. M. Sandhya Rani || Dr. V. A .A. Lakshmi |
Abstract: Prospective analysis conducted in OBG department of Government General Hospital, Guntur , Andhra Pradesh during the period between Jan. 2010 – Dec .2010. This paper was focused on incidence of structural congenital malformations detectable at birth among 5020 deliveries, evaluation of associated risk factors and the fetal outcome. In our study we found 50 fetal malformations, incidence is 0.9%. Most commonly affected is craniospinal system (40%). The risk factors are history of consanguinity (70%), malnutrition (90%) and previous history of abortions (40%).
Key words: Congenital malformations, craniospinal system, malnutrition.
[1]. Rosano A et al. Infant mortality and congenital anomalies from 1950 to 1994: an international perspective. Journal of epidemiology and community health 2000;54:660-6.
[2]. Kalter H et al. Congenital malformations: etiologic factors and their role in prevention (first of two parts). The New England journal of medicine 1983; 308:424-31.
[3]. Biri A et al. Birth prevalence and distribution of congenital anomalies in a university hospital.PerinatolDergisi 2005; 13:86-90
- Citation
- Abstract
- Reference
- Full PDF
Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Road Traffic Accidents and Bone Fractures in Ughelli, Nigeria |
Country | : | Nigeria |
Authors | : | Odokuma Emmanuel Igho || Ogwara Akpoghene Isaac || Osemeke Onyemaechi Eronimeh |
Abstract:Road traffic accidents and bone fractures in Ughelli, Nigeria
Introduction: Bone fracture has been described as the break in continuity of a bone. This could be the result of excessive force, stress, or trivial injury as occurs in pathologic fractures. Objectives: This study was aimed at determining the pattern of bone fractures in Ughelli metropolis. It is believed that the outcome of the study will no doubt improve management of orthopedic cases. Materials and method: This study was a one year retrospective study which involved records of all patients who presented for radiographic examination at Celian Clinic, Ughelli, between July 2013 and July 2014, showing relevant clinical information including age and gender of patients, data obtained were presented in frequencies.
1]. Frey RL, Lutwick LI. Fracture. 1st ed. U.X.L encyclopedia of diseases and disorders. Detroit: Gale, 2009;2: pp384 [2]. Marshall ST, Browner BD. Emergency care of musculoskeletal injuries in Sabiston D, Townsend C. Sabiston Textbook of Surgery. 1st ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2012. pp480-520.
[3]. Tyebkham G. Declaration of Helsinki. The ethical cornerstone of human clinical research. Indian. J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol. 2003; 69:245-247.
[4]. Kadkhodaie MH. Three-year review of facial fractures at a teaching hospital in northern Iran. J. Oral. Maxillofac. Surg. 2006;44(3):229-231.
[5]. Admasie D, Tekle YY, Wamisho BL. Radiological and Clinical Details of Major Adult Limb Fractures in a Teaching Hospital, AAU, Ethiopia. East. and Cent. Afr. J. Surg. 2009;14(1):88-97.
[6]. Mubashir A, Tahir M.T, Syed AA, Waseem AM, Nasra B. Non-Fatal Limb Injuries in Motorbike Accidents. J. of the Col. of Phys. and Surg. Pakistan. 2008;18(10):635-638.
- Citation
- Abstract
- Reference
- Full PDF
Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Imaging Approach with Magnetic Resonance Imagingto evaluateWhite Matter Lesions - A Prospective Study |
Country | : | India |
Authors | : | Dr. Sindu P. Gowdar || Dr. PramodSetty J. || Dr. Naveen S. Maralihalli || Dr. Jeevika.M.U. || Dr. Mohd Kamran Siddiqui |
Abstract: Background andObjectives:MRI is an important noninvasive imaging modality which has a very high sensitivity for detecting white matter lesions due to its excellent gray-white matter resolution. The objectives are: to evaluate the role of magnetic resonance imaging in white matter diseases, to establish an accurate diagnosis. To assess the severity and extent of the underlying lesion in various conditions and to demonstrate the different patterns of abnormal myelination in white matter diseases. Materials andMethods:50 patients who were clinically suspected of white matter diseases underwent MR imaging in a period of 2 years from 2012- 2014 using 1.5T PHILIPS Achieva machine.
[1]. Barkovich AJ, Lyon G, Evrard P. Formation, maturation and disorders of white matter. AJNR 1992;13:447-461.
[2]. Alves D, Pires MM, Guimaraes A, Miranada MC. Four cases of late onset metachromatic leukodystrophy in a family, clinical, biochemical and neuropathological studies. J NeurolNeurosurg Psychiatry 1986;1417-1422.
[3]. Kim TS, Kim IO, Kim WS, Choi YS, Lee JY, Kim OK, et al. MR of childhood metachromatic leukodystrophy. AJNR 1997 Apr;18:733-738.
[4]. Ahsan H, Rafique MZ, Ajmal F, Wahid M, Azeemuddin M, Iqbal F. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in white matter disease of brain. J Pak Med Assoc 2008 Feb;58(2):86-88.
[5]. Alves D, Pires MM, Guimaraes A, Miranada MC. Four cases of late onset metachromatic leukodystrophy in a family, clinical, biochemical and neuropathological studies. J NeurolNeurosurg Psychiatry 1986;1417-1422.
[6]. Snyder RD, King JN, Keck GM, Orrison WW. MR imaging of the spinal cord in 23 subjects with ALD-AMN complex. AJR 1992;158:413-416.
- Citation
- Abstract
- Reference
- Full PDF
Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | A Study on Prolonged Detention of Civil Certified Cases in a Government Psychiatric Hospital |
Country | : | India |
Authors | : | Dr. D. Vijaya Lakshmi || Dr. P. Rahul || Dr. P. Himakar |
Abstract: Involuntary hospitalization of the mentally ill is an area where the three major bodies of democratic governance are required to work in close coordination. In the background of the new Mental Health Care Bill, experience with the Mental Health Act 1987 is reviewed in this study. The Mental Health Act 1987 requires Reception Order by a first class Magistrate or above, for involuntary hospitalization of the mentally ill (Sections 20 -25).Discharge of a patient admitted on reception order is dealt with in sections 40 - 42 of MHA 1987.
[1]. Mental Health Act, 1987, Bare act with short comments; Commercial Law Publishers, Delhi, 2007.
[2]. Park K. Park‟s textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine. 17th ed., Jabalpur. BanarsidasBhanot Publisher. 2002.
[3]. Antony J, A decade with the mental health act, 1987. Indian Journal of Psychiatry.
[4]. PrateekRastogi (2005): Mental Health Act 1987 – An Analysis. JIAFM; 27(3).
[5]. WHO (World Health Organization): Mental Health Atlas. (2005). WHO Press, Geneva.
- Citation
- Abstract
- Reference
- Full PDF
Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Association of Urinary and Plasma Type IV Collagen Levels with Albumin Creatinine Ratio in Type 2 Diabetic Patients |
Country | : | India |
Authors | : | Balu Mahendran.K || Sethupathy.S || Perumal .K.K || Inmozhi.R || Baskaran. K || Santha.K |
Abstract: Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a chronic disease characterized by proteinuria with loss of renal function. Chronic hyperglycemia has generally considered as the key initiator of nephropathy due to dysregulation of metabolic pathways. Currently microalbuminuria is a marker for the diagnosis of DN. Consequently, it is necessary to develop more sensitive markers for detecting the early stage of nephropathy in diabetic patients. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the significance of plasma type IV collagen (p IV) and urinary type IV collagen (u IV) in type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria. Materials and methods: Fifty type 2 diabetic patients with more than 5 year diabetic duration in the age group of 35 to 60 years were selected for this study and 20 age matched healthy individuals were selected as a control group. Plasma and urinary levels of type IV collagen were assessed by ELISA method and microalbumin by turbilatex method.
[1]. Visith Thongboonkerd. Study of Diabetic Nephropathy in the Proteomic Era. Diabetes and the Kidney. Contrib Nephrol. Basel, Karger. 2011; 170: 172-183.
[2]. Ziyadeh FN. Significance of tubulointerstitial changes in diabetic renal disease. Kidney Int Suppl.1996; 54:S10 -S13
[3]. Caramori ML, Fioretto P, Mauer M. The need for early predictors of diabetic nephropathy risk:is albumin excretion rate sufficient?
Diabetes. 2000; 49:1399-1408.
[4]. Chavers BM, Bilous RW, Ellis EN, Steffes MW, Mauer SM. Glomerular lesions and urinary albumin excretion in type I diabetes
without overt proteinuria. N Engl J Med. 1989; 320:966- 970.
[5]. Fioretto P, Steffes MW, Mauer M. Glomerular structure in nonproteinuric IDDM patients with various levels of albuminuria. Diabetes. 1994; 43:1358-1364.
[6]. Bangstad HJ, Osterby R, Dahl- Jorgensen K, Berg KJ, Hartmann A, Nyberg G, Frahm BS, Hanssen KF. Early glomerulopathy is present in young, type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetic patients with microalbuminuria. Diabetologia. 1993; 36:523-529.
- Citation
- Abstract
- Reference
- Full PDF
Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Pattern of Injuries Caused By Animal and Management among Patients Attending At Out-Patient Department of a Rural Medical College, West Bengal, India |
Country | : | India |
Authors | : | Dr. Debasis Das || Dr. Arnab Kumar Mandal || Dr. Sujash Halder || Dr. Jayati Das || Dr. Bidyut Bandyopadhyay || Dr. Somnath Naskar |
Abstract: Introduction: Animal bite is a major public health problem in India. Multiple factors contribute to high mortality and morbidity due to animal bites. Objectives: Describing nature of man-animal contact, nature of injury, self-management and treatment at hospital were the objectives of the study. Methodology: It is a cross-sectional, descriptive epidemiological study conducted at Malda Medical College & Hospital, West Bengal in 2014. All patients attended with animal caused injuries were taken as study participants. Cases were exit-interviewed.
[1]. K. Park, Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine ( Jabalpur. India: M/S Banarsides Bhalnot, 2011) 250-7.
[2]. M. K. Sudarshan, B. J. Mahendra, S. N. Madhusudana et. al, An Epidemiological Study of Animal Bites in India: Results of a WHO sponsored National Multi-centric Rabies Survey, J Common Dis, 38(1), 2006 Mar, 32-9.
[3]. World Health Organization, WHO Expert Consultation on Rabies: First Report. Technical Report Series No. 931, Geneva: World Health Organization, 2005.
[4]. World Health Organization. Rabies Vaccines – WHO Position Paper, Wkly Epidemiol Rec, 2002, 77: 109-19.
[5]. R. L. Ichhpujani, Joining hands for rabies control in India. Apcricon, 2010; New Delhi.
[6]. P. Chauhan, G. Saini, Study of profile of animal bite victims attending anti-rabies clinic at Jodhpur, International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health, 2(4), 2013, 1088-1091.
- Citation
- Abstract
- Reference
- Full PDF
Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | A Rare Presentation of Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma as Breast Abscess |
Country | : | India |
Authors | : | Dr. G.V.R.N.Krishna Kanth || Dr.Keerthana || Dr.T.Seshagirirao || Dr.V. SatyaNarayana |
Abstract: Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) is a rare neoplasm containing a mixture of epithelial and mesenchymal elements. The biphasic pattern containing both elements is common and monophasic pattern with spindle cell component alone is very rare. Metaplastic carcinoma carries a prognosis dissimilar to that of ductal carcinoma which is worser. This is the case of a 50 year old patient with MBC presenting as breast abscess. A thorough literature search has revealed paucity of data regarding spindle cell variant of MBC presenting as breast abscess.
Keywords: Metaplastic breast carcinoma, Spindle cell Carcinoma, Breast Abscess.
[1]. Beatty JD et al 'Metaplastic breast cancer: clinical significance'Am J Surg 2006, 191(5):657-64.
[2]. AlamKet al 'An unusual case of metaplastic breast carcinoma (sarcomatoid variant)'Indian J Surg 2003, 65:377-378.
[3]. CappellaniA et al 'A pure squamous cell breast carcinoma presenting as a breast abscess: case report and review of literature'AnnItalChir 2004, 75(2):259-262.
[4]. Gibson GR et al 'Metaplastic breast cancer: clinical features and outcomes',Am Surg 2005, 71(9):725-30.
[5]. Al Sayed AD et al 'Metaplastic carcinoma of the breast clinicalpresentation, treatment results and prognostic factors'ActaOncol 2006, 45(2):188-95.
[6]. Dave G, et al 'Metaplastic carcinoma of the breast: a retrospective review',Int J RadiatOncolBiolPhysEpub 2005, 64(3):771-5.
- Citation
- Abstract
- Reference
- Full PDF
Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Brief review on Sensitivity, Specificity and Predictivities |
Country | : | Saudi Arabia |
Authors | : | Arif Habib || Meshiel Alalyani || I Hussain, Musa || M. S. Almutheibi |
Abstract:This paper is designed as a tool that a researcher could use in planning and conducting quality
research. This is a review paper which gives a discussion of various aspects of sensitivity, specificity and
predictivities including the sample size estimation. This manuscript intended to discuss and clarify aspects
related to key methodological issues in assessing the findings or conclusions based on primary analyses of data
in clinical trials. Over the last decades, considerable interest has been focused on medical research and its
credibility of the results of clinical trials relies on the validity of the methods of analysis or models used and
their corresponding assumptions.
Key words: sensitivity, specificity, predictivities, disease prevalence, sample size
[1]. Altman, D.G. and Bland, J.M. (1994). Statistics Notes: Diagnostic tests 1: sensitivity and specificity, Br. Med. Jour., 308, p. 1152.
[2]. Arif Habib, Ayman Johargy et al (2014) IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-ISSN: 2279-0853, p-ISSN:
2279-0861.Volume 13, Issue 5 Ver. VI. (May. 2014), PP 21-31.
[3]. Askin, S.R. and Bryan, R.S. (1976). Femoral neck fractures in young adults, Clin. Orthop., 114, p. 259-264.
[4]. Gaddis, G.M. and Gaddis, M.L. (1990). Introduction to biostatistics: Part 3, sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and hypothesis
testing. Ann. Emerg. Med., 19(5), p. 591-597.
[5]. Loong, T.W. (2003). Understanding sensitivity and specificity with the right side of brain. Br. Med. Jour., 327, p. 716-719.
[6]. Chatfield C. Confession of a pragmatic statistician. The Statistician 2002; 51 (part 1):1-20.
- Citation
- Abstract
- Reference
- Full PDF
Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Dermatoglyphic Patterns and Aggressive Periodontal Diseases – A Possible Link? |
Country | : | India |
Authors | : | Dr Devishree G || Dr. Sheela Kumar Gujjari |
Abstract: Background: Role of host genes in the etiopathogenesis of periodontal diseases have been useful in developing screening tools for identifying patients who are likely to develop disease. With the risk for aggressive periodontal disease being substantially heritable, search for new screening tools are in the forefront. Dermatoglyphics being one such diagnostic tool has been an area of research. Although periodontal diseases have multifactorial etiology, their genetic determinants that exist could be suggestive of specific dermatoglyphic patterns for aggressive periodontitis. Hence the present study attempted to find any specific dermatoglyphic patterns in aggressive periodontitis.
Objectives: The present study aimed to compare the palmar dermatoglyphic features in aggressive periodontitis patients and periodontally healthy individuals.
[1]. Galton F. Finger prints. London: McMillan; 1982.
[2]. Henry ER. Classification and uses of finger prints. 8th Ed. London: H. M. Stationary Office; 1937.
[3]. Mavalwala J. Harold. Cummins and the birth, growth and development of dermatoglyphics. Am. J. Phys. Anthrop. 1975; 42: 177-82.
[4]. The development of the study of dermatoglyphics. http://www.johnyfinham.com/history/dermatoglyphics.htm.
[5]. Uchida IA, Soltan HC. Evaluation of dermatoglyphics in medical genetics. Pediatric Clinics of North America 1963; 10: 409-21. [6]. Yilmaz S, Atasu M, Kuru B. A genetic and dermatoglyphic study on periodontitis. J Marmara Univ Dent Fac. 1993 Sep;1(4):297-306. [7]. Atasu M, Kuru B et al. Dermatoglyphic findings in periodontal diseases. International Journal of Anthropology January, 2005;Volume 20, Numbers 1-2:63-75.
- Citation
- Abstract
- Reference
- Full PDF
Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Repair of Iatrogenic Perforation with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate: A Case Report |
Country | : | India |
Authors | : | Dr. Amitava Bora || Dr. Prasanta Kumar Das || Dr. Supriya Banerjee || Dr. Piyali Datta || Dr. Abhirup Goswami || Dr. Mukta Bihanga Pandey || Dr. Shabnam Zahir || Dr. Gautam Kumar Kundu |
Abstract: Iatrogenic Perforations through the floor of the pulp chamber are undesirable complications and unfortunate incidents that occur most commonly during endodontic procedures. Materials used for perforation repair before had many limitations due to bacterial leakage and lack of biocompatibility to the underlying tissues. Studies have shown that the material used recently have been showing the promising results to correct these iatrogenic mishaps. In the recent literatures MTA has been regarded as an ideal material for perforation repairs and a barrier for these kind of communications. This article describes a case report where an iatrogenic perforation was repaired successfully with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate. Keywords: Iatrogenic perforation, MTA, perforation repair.
[1]. Harris WE. A simplified method of treatment for endodontic perforations. J Endod. 1976;2:126-134.
[2]. American Association of Endodontists. Glossary of endodontic terms, 7th edn. Chicago: American Association of Endodontists, 2003.
[3]. Ruddle JC. Micro-endodontic nonsurgical retreatment. Dent Clin North Am. 1997;41:429-454.
[4]. Fuss Z, Trope M. Root perforations: classification and treatment choices based on prognostic factors. Endod Dent Traumatol 1996; 12(6):255–64.
[5]. Ruddle JC. Nonsurgical endodontic retreatment. In: Cohen S, Burns RC, eds. Pathwaysof the pulp, 8th ed. St Louis: Mosby Inc, 2002:919.
[6]. J.Camilleri & T.R Pittford Mineral trioxide aggregate:a review of the constituents and biological properties of the material International endodontic journal 39, 747-754,2006
- Citation
- Abstract
- Reference
- Full PDF
Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Comparative Study On Prevalence Of Nasal Carriage Of MRSA And MSSA In Medical Students With Clinical Posting And Without Clinical Posting: Is Introduction Of Hospital Infection Control Policy In Medical Curiculum Need Of Hour |
Country | : | India |
Authors | : | Namita Srivastava || Ankur Goyal || Sapna Goyal || Ritesh Kumar || Bhavna || Rashmi Gupta |
Abstract: Infections caused by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a growing problem. Medical students are at risk of getting infected by MRSA during their training due to exposure with infected patients and may be a source of transmission for other patients. Therefore it may be important to know nasal carriage of MRSA among medical students going for clinical posting. This prospective study done on 141 medical student who are already going for clinical posting and 125 medical students who still have not started clinical posting were screened for the nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus. Swabs from anterior nares were inoculated on mannitol salt agar and blood agar.
[1]. Chambers H. The changing epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus? Emerg Infect Dis 2001;7:178.
[2]. Chen CJ, Huang YC. Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Taiwan. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2005;38:376–82.
[3]. Gerberding JL, McGowan Jr JE, Tenover FC. Emerging nosocomial infections and antimicrobial resistance. Curr Clin Top Infect Dis 1999;19:83–98.
[4]. Von Eiff C, Becker K, Machka K, Stammer H, Peters G. Nasal carriage as a source of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. N Engl J Med 2001; 344:11–6.
[5]. Kluytmans JA, Wertheim HF. Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and prevention of nosocomial infections. Infection.2005;33:3–8.
[6]. Lin YC, Lauderdale TL, Lin HM, Chen PC, Cheng MF, Hsieh KS,et al. An outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in patients of a pediatric intensive care unit and high carriage rate among health care workers. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2007;40:325–34.