iosr-JDMS   Volume-14 ~ Issue-5 ~ May-2015

Abstract: The more teeth a patient is missing, the more challenging this task becomes. As a result of continued research, diagnostic tools, treatment planning, implant designs; materials, and techniques, predictable success is now a reality for the rehabilitation of many challenging clinical situations.1 Outcome assessment in any clinical discipline is generally compromised by the inadequacies of study design, poor record keeping, biased reviewers and multiple uncontrolled variables that substantially diminish the validity of clinical investigations.

[1]. Misch CE. Contemporary Implant Dentistry – 3rd Edition,Mosby, South Asia edition,2008.
[2]. Antolin AB. Infections in implantology: From prophylaxis to treatment. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2007;12:323-330.
[3]. Sakka S, Coulthard P. Implant failure: Etiology and complications. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2011;16(1):e42-44.
[4]. A Mombelli A. Microbiology of the dental implant. Adv. Dent Res 1993;7(2):202-206.
[5]. Perez AS. Etiology, risk factors and management of implant fractures. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2010; 15(3):e504-508.
[6]. Glossary of Prosthodontics Terms. J Prosthet Dent-2001.

Keywords: rhizomelia,neonate,chondrodysplasia.

[1]. A. M. Bams-Mengerink, J. H. Koelman, H. Waterham, P. G. Barth, and B. T. Poll-The, "The neurology of rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata," Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, vol. 8, no. 1, article 174, 2013. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar [2]. M. D. Irving, L. S. Chitty, S. Mansour, and C. M. Hall, "Chondrodysplasia punctata: a clinical diagnostic and radiological review," Clinical Dysmorphology, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 229–241, 2008. View at Publisher ·View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus [3]. C. T. Yalin, I. K. Bayrak, M. Danaci, and L. Incesu, "Case report: rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata and foramen magnum stenosis in a newborn," Turkish Journal of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 100–103, 2003. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus [4]. S. C. Morrison, "Punctate epiphyses associated with Turner syndrome," Pediatric Radiology, vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 478–480, 1999. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus [5]. A. Leicher-Duber, R. Schumacher, and J. Spranger, "Stippled epiphyses in fetal alcohol syndrome,"Pediatric Radiology, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 369–370, 1990. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus

Abstract: Objective: This study was done to evaluate clinical profile of Henoch-schonlein purpura (HSP) in children in Kashmir. Material And Methods: This study was conducted from August 2010 to July 2011 at G. B Pant Children Hospital which is tertiary care hospital and is associated hospital of Government medical college Srinagar India. The study group included were all children in the age group of 1-18 years who fulfilled diagnostic criteria for Henoch-Schonlein purpura. Diagnosis of HSP was made by using European League against Rheumatism (EULAR) and Pediatric Rheumatology Society classification. The criteria included: Palpable purpura together with at least one of the following finding: Diffuse abdominal pain, Predominant IgA Deposition, Acute arthritis in any joint, Renal involvement. We checked CBC, ESR, Urine examination, KFT, Serum electrolytes, ASO, USG abdomen and skin biopsy.

[1]. Rapini, Ronald P, Bolognia, Jean L, Jorizzo, Joseph L (2007). Dermatology: 2-volume Set. Louis: Mosby ISBN 1-4160-2999-0.
[2]. Saulsbury FT (2001). Henoch-Schonlein Purpura. Curr Opin Rheumatol 13 (1): 35-40.
[3]. Micheal I Miller, Lauren M, Pachman (2008). Henoch-Scholein Purpura. Nelson textbook of Pediatrics 18th edition 166.1: 1043-1044.
[4]. Rai A, Nast C, Adler S (1 December 1999). Henoch-Scholein Purpura nephritis. J Am. Soc. Nephrol. 10 (12): 2637-44.
[5]. Mills JA, Michel BA, Bloch DA, et al. (1990). The American College of Rheumatology 1990 Criteria for classification of Henoch-Scholein Purpura. Arthritis Rheum. 33(8): 1114-21.

Abstract: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a disease with a major worldwide burden. It is the fourth most frequently diagnosed malignancy in both sexes with almost 1 million people developing CRC annually. CRC is the third most common cause of cancer death in the world(1).The present study of colorectal carcinoma helps us to determine the disease on clinical presentation, histopathological typing & grading; to know surgical procedures & other therapeutic options as well as the outcome of the disease.

[1]. The ASCRS Textbook of Colon and Rectal Surgery. Bruce G Wolff, James W Fleshman. Colorectal Cancer: Epidemiology,Etiology and Molecular Basis 2007
[2]. DeVita, Vincent T.; Lawrence, Theodore S.Principles & Practice of Oncology, 8th Edition.2008. Preface
[3]. Indian J Gastroenterol (Jan–Feb 2011) 30(1):3–6K. M. Mohandas, . Int J Cancer. 2010;127:2893–917. GLOBOCAN 2008.
[4]. Jonathan A. Myers, Keith W. Millikan, Theodore J. Saclarides. Common Surgical Diseases.Colon Cancer,2008.173
[5]. Sean J.Mulvihill, Harveyl.Pass. Robert W.Thompson. Colon Rectum & Anus. 2001 .701

Abstract: Background: In this study we sought to investigate the relation of oxidative stress to Psoriasis by measuring the levels of lipid peroxidation product Malondialdehyde (MDA) and low density lipoprotein (LDL-C). Method: A total of fifty (50) patients with confirmed diagnosis of Psoriasis before starting treatment were included in the study. Twenty five (25 ) healthy controls were also included in the study for comparison

[1]. Psoriasis. Davidson Principles and Practice of Medicine .18th edition 2002;9:900.
[2]. Menter A,Gottlieb A, Feldman S.R,Van Voorhees A.S, Leonardi C.L,Gordan K.B, Lebwohl M, Koo J.Y, Elmets C.A, Korman N.J, Beutner K.R, Bhushan R (May,2008).Guidelines of care for the management of Psoriasis and Psoriatic arthritis. Section 1 Overview of Psoriasis and guidelines of care for the treatment of Psoriasis with biologics,, J Am Acad .Dermatol.2008;58(5):826 – 50.
[3]. Chong HT, Kopecki Z, Cowin AJ. Lifting the silver flakes; The pathogenesis and management of chronic plaque Psoriasis . Biomed Res Int 2013
[4]. Pohanka M .Role of oxidative stress in infective diseases .A review. Foha Microbiologica 2013;584 (6):503-513.
[5]. Zhou Q, Mrowietz U, Rostami –Yazdi M .Oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of Psoriasis ".Free Radic Biol Med October 2009;47(7): 891-905.

Abstract: To determine prevalence of bleeding disorder in patients reporting to department of oral & maxillofacial surgery. A study was conducted to compare the case history, blood report and post –operative bleeding complications and a prospective double blind study was done on 600 patients. ASA Grade I patients underwent some selected haematological examinations like Complete Blood Count, Bleeding Time, and Clotting Time. To rule out is haematological investigations are needed before any minor oral surgical procedures or can be substitiuted by a clinical case history and examination?

Keywords: blood report, case history, minor oral surgery and post – operative complications

[1]. Agency for healthcare research and quality (AHRQ) Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol Project Title: Routine Preoperative Testing: Comparative Effectiveness Review. May 14, 2013.
[2]. Luiz Carlos Ferreira da Silva, Ana Carla de Assunção Oliveira, Jadson Alípio Santana Sousa dos Santos, Thiago de Santana Santos. Criteria for the request of preoperative tests among oral and maxillofacial surgeons. Journal of CranioMaxillo-Facial Surgery 40 (2012) 604-607.
[3]. Kumar A, Srivastava U. Role of routine laboratory investigations in preoperative evaluation. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 2011; 27: 174-9.
[4]. Clinical practice guideline. Routine preoperative tests for adult patients undergoing elective surgery November 2010.
[5]. Chung Frances, Yuan Hongbo, Yin Ling,Vairavanathan Santhira and Wong T. David.Elimination of Preoperative Testing in Ambulatory Surgery. Anesth Analg 2009;108:467–75.

Abstract: A double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out in oral & maxillofacial surgery department on 300 patients to evaluate the analgesic effect of two formulas of Diclofenac i.e. diclofenac sodium 50mg with diclofenac potassium 50mg by observing the pain after a simple tooth extraction. Efficacy of the drugs was assessed over an observation period of 3,6, 24 hour, 2 nd to 7th day hours following extractions by using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). There were no statistically significant differences in analgesic efficacy between both the formulas were equally effective in controlling of pain. Present study results suggested that both the formulas of diclofenac are effective in relieving postoperative dental pain.

Keywords: Clinical Trial, Diclofenac Potassium, Diclofenac Sodium and post – operative pain management

[1]. H.K Siddiqui, W Anzar, T.B Taheer A double blind placebo controlled clinical trial of diclofenac sodium versus diclofenac potassium on dental extraction patients. Pakistan oral & dental journal vol 34 , no. 2 (june 2014) 257-259.
[2]. Derry C, Derry S, Moore R A and McQuay H J. Single dose oral diclofenac for acute postoperative pain in adults. Cochrane database syst rev. ; (2) : CD004768. 2011 ;available in PMC 15/09/2014.
[3]. Bortoluzzi MC, manfro AR, Nodari RJ Jr and Presta AA. Predictive variables for postoperative pain after 520 consecutive dental extraction surgeries. Gen Dent. 2012 Jan-Feb; 58-63
[4]. Wasiu lanre adeyemo, O lanrewaju A. Taiwo, Olabisi H. Oderinu, Moshood F. Adeyemi, Akinola l. L adeinde, and Mobolanle O. Ogunlewe. Oral health – related quality of life following non- surgical (routine) tooth extraction: a pilot study contemp clin dent. 2012 oct-dec; 3(4):427-432

Abstract: Gout is a disorder of purine metabolism characterised by hyperuricemia, deposition of monosodium urate monohydrate crystals in joints and periarticular tissues with recurrent attack of acute synovitis. We report a case of 36yrs old male on presentation likely to have rheumatoid arthritis on evaluation diagnosed to have Polyarticular gout. The coexistence of gout and RA in our patient is unquestionable.

[1] Agudelo C A, Turner R A, Panetti M, Pisko E. Does hyperuricemia protect from rheumatoid inflammation? A clinical study. Arthritis Rheum 1984; 27: 443-8.
[2] Kozin F, McCarty D J. Rheumatoid factor in the serum of gouty patients. Arthritis Rheum 1977; 20: 1559-60.
[3] Lussier A, Medicis de . Coexistent gout and rheumatoid arthritis: a red marker? Arthritis Rheum 1979; 22: 939-40
[4] Gordon T P, Ahern M J, Reid C, Roberts- Thompson P J. Studies on the interaction of rheumatoid factor with monosodium urate crystals and case report of coexistent tophaceous gout and rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1985; 44: 384-9.

Abstract: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an uncommon immune-mediated bullous dermatosis which is very rare during pregnancy. Its management during pregnancy is a challenge and sometimes very difficult. Only few cases have been reported in literature so far. The disease may be associated with adverse fetal outcomes such as prematurity and fetal death. The neonate can develop transient skin lesions. We report a case of pemphigus vulgaris who conceived during courses of treatment with corticosteroids and delivered pre term intrauterine death (IUD). Keywords: Pemphigus vulgaris, Immunosuppression, Pregnancy, IUD

[1]. Drenovska K, Darlenski R, Kazandjieva J, Vassileva S. Pemphigus vulgaris and pregnancy. Skinmed 2010; 8: 144-9.
[2]. Firooz A, Mazhar A and Ahmed AR. Prevalence of autoimmune diseases in the family members of patients with Pemphigus vulgaris. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol 1994; 31,434-437.
[3]. Bhol K, Yunis J, and Ahmed AR. Pemphigus vulgaris in distant relative of two families:association with major histocompatibility complex class II genes. Clin. Exp. Dermatol.1996; 21,100-103.
[4]. Joly P, Gilbert D, Thomine E. et al. Identification of a new antibody population directed against a desmosomal plaque antigen in Pemphigus vulgaris and Pemphigus foliaceus. J. Invest.Dermatol.,1997; 108: 469-475. [5]. Amagi, M., Koch P.J. and Nishikawa T. (1996) Pemphigus vulgaris antigen (desmoglein 3) is localized in the lower epidermis, the site of blister formation in patients. J. Invest. Dermatol., 106, 351–355.

Abstract: Neuro-ophthalmic lesions are known to occur in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and AIDS. Neuro-ophthalmic manifestations are about 8% of the ocular lesions in AIDS patients. Neurological complications occur in approximately 40% of patients with AIDS, about 10-20% of them are initially examined because of neurological complaints. Ocular cranial nerve palsies occur in 4% of patients with ocular involvement with AIDS. Palsy of the third, fourth, sixth and seventh cranial nerves in AIDS have been reported and may be unilateral or bilateral and isolated or combined.

[1]. Yanoff and Duker Ohthalmology; 4th Edition;Part 7;Section 2;7.5-704-708.

[2]. Walsh and Hoyt's Clinical Neurophthalmology;6th Edition;58-3323-3368.

[3]. Biswas J, Madhavan HN, George AE, Kumarasamy N, Solomon S. Ocular lesions associated with HIV infection in India: A series of 100 consecutive patients evaluated at a referral center. Am J Ophthalmol 2000;129:9-15.

[4]. Jabs DA, Van Natta ML, Thorne JE, et al. Course of cytomegalovirus retinitis in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: Ophthalmology2004;111(12):2224–2231.

[5]. Mansour AM. Neuro-ophthalmic findings in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J Clin Neuroophthalmol. 1990;10(3):167–174. 40.

[6]. Keane JR. Neuro-ophthalmologic signs of AIDS: 50 patients. Neurology. 1991;41(6):841–845.

Abstract: Introduction: Personal hygiene is now regarded as one of the most important element of infection control activities. It alone can significantly reduce the risk of cross- transmission of infection in health care setting. Objectives:The current study was planned to find out the practice of personal hygiene & frequency of morbidities among medical students under study. Methodology: It is a cross-sectional epidemiological study conducted at Malda Medical College, West Bengal, India, during February 2015. A pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data from 201 medical students of 2 semesters selected randomly by lottery method among 4 semester batches currently studying.

[1]. K. Park, Park‟s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine ( Jabalpur. India: M/S BanarsidesBhalnot, 2011) 799.
[2]. P.Mathur, Hand hygiene : Back to the basics of infection control, Indian Journal of Med Res, 134, November 2011, 611-20.
[3]. A.Kadi, S. A.Salati, Hand hygiene practices among medical students, Interdisciplinary perspectives on infectious diseases, 2012, August 2012, 1-6.
[4]. G.Mohesh, A.Dandapani, Knowledge, attitude and practice of hand hygiene among medical students - A questionnaire based survey, Unique Journal of medical and dental sciences,2(2), September 2014, 127-131.

Abstract: Background and aim: The use of central venous catheters or central lines has developed into an essential element of medical practice in critical care, anaesthesia and emergency medicine as well as for long-term therapies such as chemotherapy or dialysis. As with all invasive procedures central venous cannulation also is associated with multiple complications. The aim of our study was to determine the incidence of complications after central venous catheter insertion in a rural tertiary care teaching hospital in south India

[1]. The Seldinger technique. Reprint from Acta Radiologica 1953. Am J Roentgenol. 1984 Jan 1;142(1):5–7.
[2]. Orr ME, Ryder MA. Vascular access devices: perspectives on designs, complications, and management. Nutr Clin Pract Off Publ Am Soc Parenter Enter Nutr. 1993 Aug;8(4):145–52.
[3]. Polderman KH, Girbes AJ. Central venous catheter use. Part 1: mechanical complications. Intensive Care Med. 2002 Jan;28(1):1–17.
[4]. Tomar GS, Tiwari AK, Jain DG, Chawla S, Sinha R. Central venous catheter rotation malposition: An unusual presentation. Indian J Anaesth. 2012;56(4):415–7.
[5]. Ezaru CS, Mangione MP, Oravitz TM, Ibinson JW, Bjerke RJ. Eliminating arterial injury during central venous catheterization using manometry. Anesth Analg. 2009 Jul;109(1):130–4.

Abstract: Porcelain laminate veneers have evolved over the last several decades to become one of the esthetic dentistry's most popular restorations. It is a conservative alternative to full coverage for improving the appearance of an anterior tooth. The development of new materials and techniques based on the principles of adhesive dentistry has improved the cosmetic aspect of dental restoration. Porcelain laminate veneers are one of the most conservative and esthetic restoration that can be used for enhancing esthetics. This article highlights the esthetic improvement of a young patient with enamel hypoplasia using porcelain laminate veneers.

Keywords: porcelain laminate veneers, feldspathic porcelain, glass ceramics.

[1]. McLaren EA, WhitemanYY. Ceramics: rationale for material selection. Compend Contin Edu Dentl. 2010:31(9):666- 668.

[2]. McLaren EA,LeStage B. Feldspathic veneers: what are their indications ? Compend Contin Edu Dent. 20ll;32(3):44-49.

[3]. Radz GM. Minimum thickness anterior porcelain restorations. Dent Clin.North Am. 20II;55(2):353-370.

[4]. Calamia JR, Calamia CS Porcelain laminate veneers: reasons for 25 years of success. Dent Clin N Am. 2007:51:399-417.

[5]. Donovan T. Factors essential for successful all-ceramic restorations. J Am Dent Assoc. 2008;Suppl I39:I4S-I8S.

[6]. Soares CJ. Soares PV, Pereira JC, Fonseca RB. Surface treatment protocols in the cementation process of ceramic and laboratory-com-posite restorations: a literature review J Esthet Rest Dent. 2005:17: 224-235.

Abstract: Solitary Extramedullary Plasmacytomas (EMPs) are nonepithelial neoplasms of plasma cell origin categorized among Non-Hodgkin lymphomas, without any bone marrow involvement or systemic spread as seen in Multiple Myeloma. They are uncommon tumors comprising 3% of all plasma cell neoplasms. We present in this report a case of EMP of left nasal cavity leading to left eyeball proptosis and movement restriction. Histopathological and immunohistochemical staining of the excised mass confirmed the diagnosis of Plasmacytoma.

Keywords: Extramedullary plasmacytoma, EMP, Nasal cavity,Proptosis.

[1]. Batsakis JG. Pathology consultation. Plasma cell tumors of the head and neck. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1983;92:311-313.
[2]. Holland J, Trenkner DA. Plasmacytoma: treatment results and conversion to myeloma. Cancer 1992;69:1513-1517.
[3]. Frassica DA, Frassica FJ, Schray MF, Sim FH, Kyle RA.Solitary plasmacytoma of bone: Mayo Clinic experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1989;16:43-48.
[4]. Alexiou C, Kau RJ. Extramedullary plasmacytoma: tumor occurrence and therapeutic concepts. Cancer 1999;85:2305-2314.
[5]. Soutar R, Lucraft H, Jackson G. Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of solitary plasmacytoma of bone and solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2004;16:405-413.
[6]. Bachar G, Goldstein D, Brown D, Tsang R, Lockwood G, Perez-Ordonez B, Irish J. Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the head and neck long term outcome analysis of 68 cases. Head Neck 2008 30:1012-1019.

Abstract: In order to understand any skin disease. (twacharoga) a detailed study of the structure and function of skin is necessary. The conceptual aspect of skin needs to be understood because skin disorder is outer exhibition of some kind of internal pathology. No satisfactory results have been made till date in the aspect of curing skin disease (twacharoga). The ancient science of life Ayurveda provides valuable information regarding various herbs which are useful in curing various skin ailments.

Key words: Skin, twacha structure ,disease herbal, drugs

[1]. Prof K. R. Srikantha Murthy, CharakSamhita, Sharirsthana, ChaukhambhaOrientalia, Varanasi, ed-2004, Shloka-3/6, pp- 370
[2]. Prof K. R. Srikantha Murthy, CharakSamhita, Sharirsthana, ChaukhambhaOrientalia, Varanasi, ed-2004, Shloka- 4/11, pp- 391
[3]. Prof K. R. Srikantha Murthy, CharakSamhita, Sharirsthana, ChaukhambhaOrientalia, Varanasi, ed-2012, Shloka- 4/4, pp- 5
[4]. Prof K. R. Srikantha Murthy, CharakSamhita, Sharirsthana, ChaukhambhaOrientalia, Varanasi, ed-2004, Shloka-4/12, pp- 392
[5]. Dr. Ganesh KrushnaGarde, SarthaVagbhat, Sutrasthana, Shree Gajanan Book depot, Mumbai, ed-7, Shloka-12/14, pp-55

Abstract: Background: Oral hygiene habits and practices are influenced largely by genetic and social behaviours. This study was done to assess the oral hygien habits and practices among a twin population. Materials And Methods: A structured questionnaire was used for collection of sociological data and the oral health related habits and oral hygiene practices of twins were also assessed. Results: 58 percent of the participants brushed their teeth at least twice daily, while 17 percent reported irregular tooth brushing. When the tooth brushing method was seen between identical and non-identical twins the results were not statistically significant.Some of the twins had shown a similiartiy in oral health related habits.

[1]. Kaprio J, Pulkkinen L, Rose RJ. Genetic and environmental factors in health-related behaviors: studies on Finnish twins and twin families. Twin Research. 2002;5(5):366-371.
[2]. Hasselbalch AL. Genetics of dietary habits and obesity. Dan Med Bull. 2010;57:B4182.
[3]. Tabrizi F, Buhlin K, Gustafsson A, Klinge B. Oral health of monozygotic twins with and without coronary heart disease: a pilot study. J Clin Periodontol.2007;34(3):220-225.

Abstract: Assessment of fetal gestational age with ultrasound provides high accuracy and reliability, as ultrasound is safe, easy operating and cheap imaging modality. Objectives: to estimate the GA with HL and FL, to establish the role of HLwhich could be applied to determine the fetal GA, to compare between FL and HL? Methods: there were 113 normal pregnancies (singleton) had been selected for the study during the second and third trimesters. They were scanned with ultrasound using 3.5MHz probe applying the obstetrics protocol to measure the fetal bony biometrics. The length of femoral diaphysis was measured from upper end to lower end excluding epiphysis.

[1]. Norman c. Smith. A . Pat Smith. Obstetric and gynecological ultrasound (MADE EASY). 2nd edition, Harcourt Publishers Limitted, 2002.
[2]. Trish chudleigh, BaskyThianathan. Obstetric ultrasound. 3rd. edition, edited London UK, Edinburgh London New york oxford philadelphiaSt Louis Sunday Toronto 2004, Elsevier.
[3]. Http//www.International society of ultrasound in Obstetrics and gynecology. Cardiac screening examination of the fetus, Guidelines for performing the ―basic and ―extended basic cardiac scan.
[4]. K shehzad. Ultrasound ObstetGynecol, 2006, 27,107-13. Available from: Pjms.com.pk/issues/octdec06/article/review2,html
[5]. Hadlock FP, Harrist RB, Shah YP, Sharman RS, ParkSK. Sonographic fetal growth standards: are currentdata applicable to a racially mixed population?J Ultrasound Med, 1990, 9,157–160.

Abstract: Isometric exercise remains an important modality in patient's rehabilitation and also employed in advanced strength and endurance training programs. The purpose of this study was to determine if the cardiovascular responses to upper limb isometric exercises differ between healthy normotensive male and female students. The study was performed on randomly selected healthy male and female subjects of age 17-19 years (30 male and 30 female). Their anthropometric variables namely height, weight and body mass index were recorded. Heart rate and blood pressure were recorded at rest and after 30 seconds of isometric exercise. Post-exercise cardiovascular parameters were significantly greater (p<0.05) than baseline values without gender bias. The males had a higher pre-exercise HR, SBP than the females but no significant difference in DBP and MAP. However, the post-exercise SBP and MAP were significantly greater (p<0.05) in males than females and no significant difference in rise in the HR and DBP between them. There was positive correlation between BMI and DBP in females and males showed positive correlation between DBP, MAP and BMI. Paired t-test and Unpaired t-test were used for statistical analysis. The study concludes that cardiovascular and hemodynamic responses to isometric handgrip exercise differ by gender.

Key words: Cardiovascular response; DBP; Gender; Isometric exercise; MAP; SBP

[1]. Lind AR, Taylor SH, Humpreys PW, Kennelly BM, Donald KW: The circulatory effects of sustained voluntary muscle contraction Clin Sci 27: 229, 1964.
[2]. Stefadouros MA, Grossman W, El Shahawy M, Witham AC: The effect of isometric exercise on the left ventricular volume in normal man. Circulation 49: 1185, 1974.
[3]. Gatzke A . Gender Differences in Athletic Performance. How Women Differ from Men; ABC Body Building Company 2005.
[4]. Ohler, R.R.V., Bocalini, D.S., Bacurau, R.F., et al. 2013.Isometric hand grip does not elicit cardiovascular overload or post exercise hypotension in hypertensive older women. Clinical Intervention Aging 8: 649-655.
[5]. Hamza, S.A., Wahba, H.M.F., Hegazy, M.M. 2013. Assessment of handgrip strength variables in a population of Egyptian elderly. Middle East Journal of Age and Ageing 10(3): 20.

Abstract: First year medical students experience mixed feelings of various emotional reactions when they encounter with human cadavers. So this study was conducted to assess the attitude of first year medical students in dissection hall. Predesigned questionnaire was prepared & distributed among 100 students after obtaining permission from Institutional Ethics Committee and consent from the participants. Demographic characteristics, history of previous exposure to dead body and various emotional reactions and views were assessed among participated 99 students. All the participants (100%) agreed that anatomy dissection is an important part of Medical Degree where as 96.97% of them opined that dissection gives better results than demonstration on prosected specimen.

[1] Arraez-Aybar LA. Dissection as a modulator of emotional attitudes and reactions of future health professionals. Med Educ 2008;42:563-71.
[2] Rajkumari A, Das BK, Sangma GTN, Singh YI. Attitude and views of first year medical students towards cadaver dissection in anatomy learning. Calicut Med J 2008;6:550-4.
[3] Bertman SL, Marks SC Jr. Humanities in medical education: rationale and resources for the dissection laboratory. Med Educ 1985;19(5):374-81.
[4] Turney BW. Anatomy in a Modern Medical Curriculum. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2007;89:104-7.
[5] O'Carrol RE, Whiten S, Jackson D, Sinclair DW. Assessing the emotional impact of cadaver dissection on medical students. Med Educ 2002;36(6):550-4.

Abstract: Oral health related quality of life (OHRQOL) research has been reported extensively in the literature during the recent decades. The importance given to subjective perceptions of patients has propelled decision making in dentistry towards a new direction. "Patient's preference" is considered as an important domain of evidence- based dental practice. However, the diversity of patients'/community's perceptions on oral diseases and treatments which depend on socio-cultural background and circumstantial variation in responses, questions the concept of OHRQOL. This is because of two reasons; i) There will be no global agreement on treatment for a given condition ii) The best possible treatments need not be the most satisfying treatments.

[1]. Inglehart RM, Bagramian RA. Oral health related quality of life. Quintessence Publishing Co Inc, 2002.
[2]. Rosenbaum P. The concept of "Quality of life‟ in health care. Neuro-developmental clinical research unit (NCRU), Centre for Childhood disability research, NY,1998.
[3]. Brondani Ma, Mac Entee MI. The concept of validity in socio-dental indicators and oral health related quality of life measures. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2007;35:472-78.
[4]. Pais-Ribeiro JL. Quality of life is a primary endpoint in clinical settings. Clinical nutrition2004;23:121-130.
[5]. Sackett DL, Rosenberg WMC,Gray MJA, Haynes BR, Richardson SW. Evidence based medicine: what it is and what it isn't. BMJ1996;312:71-72.

Abstract: Background: The approach to the identifying the cause of monocytosis is a challenging problem. Moreover, the prevention of morbidity by identifying the cause of monocytosis and intervening therapeutically is an important task that must be approached systematically. There were several studies about monocytosis in different diseases and these studies suggested that monocytosis was associated with different causes, in which either monocytosis was important indicator for prognostic significance in some diseases or it was valuable for diagnostic importance in some diseases. So, study of monocytosis can give some clues and exact diagnosis will be achieved after doing appropriate history taking, physical examination and investigations.

[1]. Douglas S.D. (1991) Morphology of monocyte and macrophage.Haematology: Williams W.J, Beutler E, Erslev A.J, LichtmanM.A.. McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, New York: pp. 859-868.
[2]. Lichtman M.A. (1991) Classification and clinical manifestation of disorders of monocyte and macrophage. Haematology: Williams W.J, Beutler E, Erslev A.J, LichtmanM.A. 4th Ed. Mcgraw-Hill Publishing Company, New York:pp. 879-886.
[3]. Ravandi F and Hoffman R. (2005) Phagocytes. In: Postgraduate haematology. A.V Hoffman, S.M Lewis, and E.D.G Tuddenham. 5th Ed. Heinemann Professional Publishing: pp.277-302.
[4]. Halim N.K.D, Ajayi O.I, Oluwafemi F. (2002) Monocytosis in acute malaria infection. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice. 5(2):106-108.
[5]. Beutler, E. (1991) Monocyte and macrophage disorder. Haematology: Williams W.J, Beutler E, Erslev A.J, LichtmanM.A . 4th Ed. McGraw-Hill publishing Company, New York: pp. 886-894

Abstract: The antibacterial quality as well as the effectiveness of ten brands of toothpastes marketed in Nigeria, were assessed for reducing the bacterial flora of the mouth. The toothpastes were randomly purchased from markets in Enugu, Nigeria. One brand contained triclosan and sodium fluoride as antibacterial while seven contained sodium fluoride only. Two were herbal. Thirteen students were enrolled who brushed their teeth with 50mg of the toothpastes after an initial rinse with sterile water; each rinse was collected in a sterile container and then cultured on three different media.

[1]. J .Steven, and E Desrocher,2008 0ral Ecology.
[2]. A.I.I .Rogers, Molecular Oral Microbiology (Caister Academic Press, 2008).
[3]. W .Wolfgan, Oral Hygiene Products.(llmannis Enclydopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wilegvancouver Coastal Health Weinhein 9(5), 2005,89-94.
[4]. K.L Rule, V.R Ebeh and P.J. Vikesland, Formation of Chloroform and Chlorinated organic by free- Chlorine – medicated oxidation of triclosan. Environmental Sciences Technology 39 (9), 2005, 3176-85.
[5]. D.H.Fine, D Fulgang, k. Markowitz, P.K Sreenivan,and D. Klmpel, (2006).

Abstract: To evaluate the efficacy of Alpha blockers for expulsion of distal ureteric calculus. To compare the efficacy of Tamsulosin (Receptor Sub Selective Alpha blocker) with Alfuzosin (Receptor non Sub selective Alpha blocker) in the management of distal ureteric calculus.

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Abstract: Lipomas are the most common subcutaneous soft-tissue tumors of mesenchymal origin. The axillary region is an unusually reported localization for lipomas. Macrodystrophia lipomatosa is a rare cause of congenital macrodactyly, characterized by progressive proliferation of all mesenchymal elements, with a disproportionate increase in fibroadipose tissue. This developmental anomaly may be associated with anomalies like syndactyly. Lipoma in other part of the body has also been reported. We report a huge recurrent cervico-axillary lipoma in a 3-year old girl with with concommitant macrodystrophia lipomatosa and syndactyly of left upper limb. To our knowledge and according to a review of English literature, has not been reported before in children.

Keywords: Lipoma, Macrodystrophia lipomatosa, Syndactyly, Macrodactyly.

[1]. Skomorac R. A benign giant lipoma of the posterior neck. Medicinski Glasnik 2006; 3: 67-68.
[2]. Donepudi SK, Greene JC, Stocks RMS. Lipomatosis of the neck: Case report and literature review. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol Extra (2009).
[3]. Vandeweyer E, Scagnol I. Axillary giant lipoma: a case report. Acta Chir Belg 2005; 105: 656-657.
[4]. Murphey MD et al. Benign musculoskeletal lipomatous lesions. AFIP Archives 2004; 24: 1433-1466. Buisson P et al. Cutaneous lipoma in children: 5 cases with Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome. Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2006; 41, 1601-1603.
[5]. Feriz H. Makrodystrophia Lipomatosa progressiva. Virchows Arch. 1925;260:308–68.

Abstract: Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome many a times is underdiagnosed and misdiagnosed. Rarelydoes it present as life threatening hemorrhage. We present a lower gastro intestinal bleed which was initially indigenouslymanaged, presenting as hemorrhagicshock, subsequently turning out to be Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome.

Keywords: Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome Hemorrhagic shock.

[1]. Zhu Q-C, Shen R-R, Qin H-L, Wang Y. Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome: Clinical features, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment strategies. World J Gastroenterol WJG. 2014 Jan 21;20(3):738–44.
[2]. Bishop PR, Nowicki MJ, Subramony C, Parker PH. Solitary rectal ulcer: a rare cause of gastrointestinal bleeding in an adolescent with hemophilia A. J ClinGastroenterol. 2001 Jul;33(1):72–6.
[3]. Urganc N, Kalyoncu D, Usta M, Eken KG. A rare cause of severe rectal bleeding: solitary rectal ulcer syndrome. PediatrEmerg Care. 2014 Oct;30(10):736–8.
[4]. Madigan MR, Morson BC. Solitary ulcer of the rectum. Gut. 1969 Nov;10(11):871–81.

Abstract: Chronic hypocalcemia due to hypothroidism (an endocrine disorder) could be a result of acquired or hereditary hypoparathyroidism. Patient may manifest in the form of lethargy, personality changes, blurred vision, features of parkinsonism, seizures, muscle cramps, irritatibility and tetany. Here we report a case of hypoparathyroidism with features of parkinsonism with seizures and altered sensorium. He had cataract of left eye. Investigations revealed hypocalcaemia, hyperphosphotaemia and extensive intra cranial calcification in NCCT brain. He was treated with high doses of Vit D combined with elemental calcium in addition to other symptomatic treatment to which he responded well.

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