iosr-JDMS   Volume-14 ~ Issue-5 ~ May-2015

Abstract: Objective: Breast density is currently recognized as an independent risk factor for the development of breast cancer and has also been identified to increase a woman's risk of developing a malignant neoplasm by four to six folds. We documented the mammographic pattern of breast density on screening mammograms in Kano and compared this with age in 111 women seen at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH). Materials and Methods: This is a prospective review of women presenting for a free breast screening exercise. Biometric information and reports consisting of the ACR BI-RADS breast parenchymal density and findings were analyzed using statistical software.

[1]. V.C. Melhado, B.R. Alvares, O.J. de Almeida. RADIOLOGICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL CORRELATION OF NON-PALPABLE BREAST LESIONS IN PATIENTS SUBMITTED TO PREOPERATIVE MARKING ACCORDING TO BI-RADS CLASSIFICATION. Radiol Bras 2007;40(1):9-11
[2]. R. Akinola, K. Wright, O. Osunfidiya, O. Orogbemi, O. Akino. Mammography and Mammographic screening: are female patients at a teaching hospital in Lagos, Nigeria aware of these procedures? Diagn Interv Radiol 2011;17:125-129
[3]. L. Liberman, D.D. Dershaw, B.M. Deutch, H.T. Thaler, B.S. Lippin. Screening Mammography: value in Women 35 – 39 years old. AJR 1993;161:53-56.
[4]. C. M. Checka, J.E. Chun, F. R. Schnabel, J. Lee, H. Toth. The Relationship of Mammographic Density and Age: Implications for Breast Cancer Screening. AJR 2012;198:W292-W295

Keywords: Correction of deep bite problem through intrusion of maxillary incisors is done by several accepted treatment modalities. The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate the skeletal, dental and soft tissue effect of the maxillary incisors intrusion using miniscrews. Methods: The sample comprised of 15 post pubertal patients (6 females and 9 males) with mean age 19.5 ± 2.5. They underwent maxillary incisors intrusion using miniscrews. Pre and post treatment lateral cephalometric x-rays and study models were made to evaluate the dento-skeletal effects. During the study period no other intervention was attempted. Paired t-test was used to study the changes after treatment. Results: The mean amount of overbite correction was 2.6 ± 0.8 (0.49mm per month) and the mean amount of incisors retraction was 1.5± 0.9. Although there was statistically significant decrease in the mean overbite, no significant changes were found in skeletal, soft tissue and intermolar width measurements.

[1]. Bergersen E. A longitudinal study of anterior vertical overbite from eight to twenty years of age. Angle Orthod. 58(3), 1988,237–56.
[2]. Proffit W, FIelds HJ, Moray LJ. Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in the US. International Journal of Adult Orthodontics and Orthognathic Surgery. 1998. p. 97–106.
[3]. Hellsing E, Hellsing G, Eliasson S. Effects of fixed anterior biteplane therapy--a radiographic study. American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics. 1996. p. 61–8.
[4]. Proffit WR. Contemporary orth.Elsevier mosby 5th edition. 2013.
[5]. Otto RL, Anholm JM, Engel G a. A comparative analysis of intrusion of incisor teeth achieved in adults and children according to facial type. Am J Orthod.77, 1980,437–46.

Abstract:surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molar is a common procedure among oral surgeries. While there is no agreement on the management of asymptomatic impacted third molars, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the rate of cystic changes in the follicle of impacted teeth with radiographically normal feature. 109 patients underwent surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars with follicular width of less than 2.5 mm in panoramic radiograph. The follicle was evaluated histopathologically to identify possible cystic alterations. The results revealed that 44 (40.4%) follicles had cystic changes. The rate of changes was higher in older patients and mesioangular/horizontal teeth. Based on the results of the present study, the high rate of cystic alteration in radiographically normal follicles indicates the indication of prophylactic removal of impacted mandibular third molars especially in older patients.
Keywords – Cystic Changes, Dental Follicle, Impacted Tooth, Mandibular Third Molar, Panoramic Radiograph.

[1]. M. Eshghpour, N.M. Rezaei, A. Nejat A, Effect of menstrual cycle on frequency of alveolar osteitis in women undergoing surgical removal of mandibular third molar: A single-blind randomized clinical trial, J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 71, 2013, 1484-9.
[2]. J. Adelsperger, J. Campbell, D. Coates, D.J. Summerlin, J. Tomich, Early soft tissue pathosis associated with impacted third molars without pericoronal radiolucency, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 89, 2000, 402-6.
[3]. O. Gu¨ven, A. Keskin, U.K. Akal, The incidence of cysts and tumours around impacted third molars, Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 29, 2000, 131-5.

Abstract: Background: The first case of 2009 pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in India (Hyderabad) was reported in May, 2009. We describe the clinico-epidemiological and radiological characteristics of patients who were hospitalized with influenza A (H1N1) infection. Material & methods: From June 2009 to June 2010, we observed 110 H1N1 Influenza A viruspositive patients who were admitted in our institute i.e., Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad and they were taken into the study. Demographic, clinical, radiological, laboratory and management data were collected and analyzed statistically. Real time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing was used to confirm infection.

[1]. Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 74". Situation updates - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009. World Health Organization. 13 November 2009.
[2]. Dawood, FS, Jain, S, Finelli, L, et al. Emergence of a novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus in humans. N Engl J Med 2009; 360:2605. 2 Garten, RJ, Davis, CT, Russell, CA, et al. Antigenic and genetic characteristics of swine-origin 2009 A(H1N1) influenza viruses circulating in humans. Science 2009; 325:197
[3]. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. Humanswine influenza: A pandemic threat. Vol. 12. CD Alert; 2009. p. 1-8.
[4]. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. Guidelines on categorization of influenza A H1N1. May, 2009. Available from: http://www.mohfw-h1n1.nic.in/documents pdf/3.Categorization%20of%20 Influenza%20A%20H1N1%20cases%20screening.pdf.
[5]. World Health Organization. CDC protocol of realtime RTPCR forswine influenza A (H1N1). Geneva. April 28, 2009. Available from: http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/swineflu/CDCrealtimeRTPCRprotocol_20090428.pdf.

Abstract: This is the first case report of well-managed postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) intraoperatively monitored by heart rate variability (HRV) analysis in dentistry. POTS-associated autonomic dysfunction is induced by postural changes and easily leads to disturbances in circulatory dynamics; however, most dental practices have not yet realized the importance of managing POTS. We measured autonomic activity in a patient with POTS during dental therapy and assessed the clinical significance of HRV analysis for POTS. The patient was a 40-year-old Japanese male. He was diagnosed with impacted wisdom teeth and was in treatment for bronchial asthma and POTS. A surgical procedure to extract the teeth was safely performed under local anesthesia. During the therapy, he developed neither orthostatic tachycardia nor compensatory hypotension in either the upright or supine position. HRV analysis revealed POTS-associated autonomic dysfunction, that is, autonomic instability during postural change. Thus HRV analysis should become a useful tool for safe and secure dental management of POTS.

Keywords: Dental management, Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, Heart rate variability

[1]. R. Schondorf, and P. A. Low, Idiopathic postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: an attenuated form of acute pandysautonomia? Neurol 43: 132-137, 1993.
[2]. J. K. Brooks, and L. A. Francis, Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: dental treatment considerations, JADA 137, 488-493, 2006.
[3]. S. R. Raj, The postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS): pathophysiology, diagnosis & management, Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J 6, 84-99, 2006.
[4]. B. P. Grubb, Postural tachycardia syndrome, Circulation 117, 2814-2817, 2008.
[5]. J. K. Thanavaro, and K. L. Thanavaro, Care of the patient with electrophysiological abnormalities postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: diagnosis and treatment, Heart & Lung 40: 554-560, 2011.

Abstract: fracture of shaft and ipsilateral neck of femur is a challenging problem to Orthopaedics surgeons. Most of the cases seen in young adults and most of the times it follows severe road traffic accident. Here we are presenting 5 cases of ipsilateral fracture shaft of femur with neck fracture, in young adults attending Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal OPD and emergency. All cases were of closed fractures. Mean age of the patients were 41.8 years. All the cases were diagnosed initially by X-rays and then CT scan with 3D reconstruction was done for neck fractures. Cannulated cancellous screw fixation was done for neck fractures with 3 screws and locking compression plating was done for shaft fractures. Clinically mean union time for neck fracture was 3.4 months and clinical and radiological union time for shaft was 4.5 months. No case was diagnosed with avascular necrosis or nonunion. Our study suggests that cannulated cancellous screw fixation and compression locking plating for ipsilateral neck and shaft fractures of femur in carefully selected patients, of younger age group gives good result. Though other better modalities of treatment are available, this method also gives comparable result.

Keywords: Ipsilateral fracture shaft and neck cannulated cancellous screw, locking compression plating, young adult, clinical union, CT scan.

[1]. Nayagam S , Injuries of the hip and femur in: Solomon L, Warwick D, Nayagam S. Apley's system of orthopaedics and fractures 9th edition; Hodderarnold, 2010,825-3
[2]. Nork E S, femoral shaft fractures in: Bucholz W R, Court-Brown M C, Heckman D J, Tornetta P.Rockwood and green's fracture in adults 7th edition; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2010, 1655-714.
[3]. Weinlein J C, Fractures and dislocations of hip in: Canale ST, Beaty J H. Campbell's operative orthopaedics 4th edition; Mosby Elsevier, 2013, 2725-70.
[4]. Kenneth A. Egol, Kenneth J.Koval, Joseph D. Zuckerman, Femoral shaft in: Kenneth A. Egol, Kenneth J.Koval, Joseph D. Zuckerman. Handbook of fractures 4th Edition; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; a Wolters kluwer business, 2010, 607-611.
[5]. Alfonso D, Vasquez O, Egol k. Concomitant ipsilateral femoral neck and femoral shaft fracture nonunions: a report of three cases and a review of the literature. Iowa Orthop J, 2006; 26:112-118.
[6]. Tsarouhas A, Hantes M E, Karachalios T, Bargiotas K, Malizos K . Reconstruction nailing for ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fractures. Strat Traum Limb Recon (2011) 6:69–75.

Abstract: Surgical pathology is the gold standard of clinical medicine [1] .It is known to suffer greatly from subjectivity.[1] As we all know that patient management greatly depends on histopathological reports giving flawless ,accurate report becomes inevitable . Thus regular auditing or monitoring performance in surgical pathology lab becomes our prime duty.

Keywords: Audit, quality control, vigilance ,performance monitoring, surgical pathology.

[1]. I M Zardawi, G Bennett, S Jain and M Brown. Internal quality assurance activities of a surgical pathology department in an Australian teaching hospital. J Clin Pathol. Sep 1998,51(9):695-699.
[2]. Malami S A, Illayasu Y.Internal audit of diagnostic surgical pathology as a tool for quality assurance.Niger.J.Med.2008Apr-Jun17(2)186-90.
[3]. RamsayAd.Locally organized medical audit in histopathology.J Clin Pahol.1991 May;44(5):353-357.
[4]. Zuk JA,KenyonWE,MyskowMW.Audit in histopathology:description of an internal quality assessment scheme with analysis of preliminary results.J Clin Pathol.1991Jan;44(1):10-16.

Abstract: Labial synechiae is a disorder of female genital tract charecterised by flimsy to dense adhesions of labia. The fusion originates from the posterior fourchette and advances to the clitoris. Complete fusion coceal urethral meatus and vaginal introitus.Partial synechiae also occur.

[1]. Leung AK,Robson WL,Tay-Uyboco J.The incidence of labial fusion in children.J Pediatr Child Health.1993;29:235-6.
[2]. Myers JB,Sorenson CM,Winser BP,et al.Betamethasone cream for the treatment of pre-pubertal labial adhesions.J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol.2006;19:407-11.
[3]. The journal of Obsterics and Gynecology of India Supplement issue(November-December 2014)64(S1):S68-S69 .DOI 10.1007/s13224-012-0272-3.

Abstract: Background: With its introduction Laparoscopic appendicectomy combines the advantages of diagnosis and treatment in one procedure with the least morbidity. Patients are likely to have less post operative pain, decreased wound infection, effective peritoneal toileting without the need for extending the incision, better cosmesis and to be discharged from hospital to return to activities of daily living sooner than those who have undergone open appendicectomy. Research question: What are the advantages of the procedure Laparoscopic appendisectomy over the open appendicectomy?

[1]. Hamilton Bailey's Emergency Surgeries. 12th Edition. 1995; 438-451.
[2]. Williams NS, Bulstrode CJK, O' Connel PR; "The vermiform Appendix", chapter 71 Bailey And Love's Short Practice of Surgery, 26th Edition, CRC Press Taylor & Francis group; 2013; 1200-1206.
[3]. Jaffe Bm Anel Berger DH, "The appendix" "Chapter 30 Scgewartz's Principles of Surgery" Bruniardi F, Anderson DK, Biliar TR, DUNNDL, Hunter JG, Pollock RE, Eds, 9th Edition, McGraw-Hill medical publishing division New York, 2005, 1075-1092.
[4]. Pakabuvelu "Laparoscopic appendicectomy" chapter 53 Text Book of Surgical Laparoscopy, 2002: 411-424.
[5]. John Morgan, Cosgrove and George Gallos. "Laparoscopic Appendicectomy", chapter 5, 54, Minimally Invasive Surgery, David Brookes Springer.

Abstract: Background: Reconstructive urologic surgery frequently requires use of bowel for ureteral substitutes, bladder augmentation, or bladder replacement. In rare cases, gastrointestinal segments may also function as urethral or vaginal substitutes. This study gives an insight into the indications and uses of various intestinal segments in urinary diversion in our centre. Patients and methods: A nine year review of patients who had urinary diversion using intestinal segment from 2005 to 2014 was done. All patients underwent preoperative evaluation in the form of careful history taking, medical examination and laboratory investigations which included complete urine analysis, serum creatinine, sodium, potassium and chloride. Radiological investigations to visualize the urinary tract included ultrasonography, intravenous urography or CT urography and cystoscopy and biopsy. Patients' age, sex, indication for urinary diversion, intestinal segment used, type of urinary diversion and complications related to use bowel segment were analyzed.

[1]. Douglas MD, McDougal WS. Use of Intestinal Segments in Urinary Diversion. In :Wein AJ, Kavoussi LR, Novick AC, Partin AW, Peters CA, editors. Campbell-Walsh urology. 10th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2007; 2411– 2449.
[2]. Richard EH, Hassan Abol-Enein, Khaled H, Isao H, Robert DM, James DM et al. Urinary Diversion; World Health Organization (WHO) Consensus Conference on Bladder Cancer. Urology. 2007; 69(1): 17–49.
[3]. Nikhil V, Andrew M, Andrew CT. Metabolic complications of urinary intestinal diversion. Indian J Urol. 2013; 29(4): 310–315.
[4]. Arthur J. Indications for Diversion of the Urinary Stream. JAMA. 1969;207(6):1132-1133
[5]. Streem SB, Nakada SY. Management of upper urinary tract obstruction. In: Wein AJ, Kavoussi LR, Novick AC, Partin AW, Peters CA, editors. Campbell-Walsh urology. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2007; 1227–1273.
[6]. Benjamin IC, Karim JH, Leonard NZ, John AL. The Use of Bowel for Ureteral Replacement for Complex Ureteral Reconstruction: Long-Term Results. J urol. 2006; 175(1): 179–183

Abstract: Mandible is the only movable bone in the facial skeleton. Mandibular abnormalities, its fractures are more common. In majority of cases they occur in the ramus of the mandible. The medial surface presents the mandibular foramen which contains neurovascular bundle leads into an inferior alveolar canal in the body of the mandible. Anteromedially the foremen is overlapped by a thin boney triangular lingula. The correction of mandibular deformities and treatment of ramal fractures and osteotomy procedures the mandibular ramus is approached from the external surface.

[1]. Alling CC : Mandibular Prognathism: J. oral Surgery;1996,14:3-22.
[2]. Bell et al. Surgical correction of Dentofacial deformities. Philadelphia;1980:855-901.
[3]. Cold Well and Latterman. Vertical Osteotomies in correction of prognathism;1954,12:185-202
[4]. Gabriel AC. Some Anatomical features of Mandible. J. Anat;1958,92:580.
[5]. Greys Anatomy: skull and mandible;31st edition:480-2.

Abstract: Background: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has become the most devastating disease humankind has ever faced. An estimated 2.5 million children around the world are living with HIV/AIDs. As HIV has many major complications in children, but main and important is malnutrition as children living with HIV/AIDS face increased challenges in maintaining proper nutrition and also are anemic. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate serum Iron and TIBC changes and total proteins and cholesterol in HIV malnourished children. Materials and Methods: 100 HIV/AIDS children cases were compared with age and sex matched 50 normal control groups for estimation of serum Iron, TIBC along with Total protein, Cholesterol,and data obtained was statistically analyzed .

[1]. AIDS in the Twenty-First Century: Disease andGlobalization" by Tony Barnett and Alan Whiteside
[2]. Amadi B et al. Intestinal and systemic infection, HIV, and mortality in Zambian children with persistent diarrhea and malnutrition. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 2001, 32(5):
[3]. Collins S, et al. Management of severe acute malnutrition in children. The Lancet, 2006, 368(9551):1992–2000.
[4]. Collins S, et al. Key issues in the success of community-based management of severe malnutrition. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 2006, 27(Suppl. 3):S49–82.
[5]. Egger M, May M, Chene G et al. Prognosis of HIV-1-infected patients starting highly active antiretroviral therapy: a collaborative analysis of prospective studies. Lancet 2002; 360: 119–129.

Abstract: Background: The first case of 2009 pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in India (Hyderabad) was reported in May, 2009. We describe the clinico-epidemiological and radiological characteristics of patients who were hospitalized with influenza A (H1N1) infection. Material & methods: From June 2009 to June 2010, we observed 110 H1N1 Influenza A viruspositive patients who were admitted in our institute i.e., Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad and they were taken into the study. Demographic, clinical, radiological, laboratory and management data were collected and analyzed statistically. Real time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing was used to confirm infection.

[1]. Bai LQ, Ziao SY, Xie HW, Yang GF, Wang YZ. Knowledge and practice regarding tuberculosis among final-year medical students in Hunan, China. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 2003;26:458-46.
[2]. Balasubramanian VN, Oommen K, Samuel R. Dot or Not? Direct observation of anti-tuberculosis treatment and patient outcomes, Kerela State, India. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2000; 4 (5): 409-413.
[3]. Bayer R, Wilkinson. Directly observed therapy for tuberculosis: history of an idea. Lancet 1995; 345: 1545-1548.
[4]. Crofton J. Chemotherapy of pulmonary tuberculosis. BMJ 1959;304-311.

Abstract: Sclerosing polycystic adenosis (SPA) is a rare neoplasm of salivary glands, with a striking resemblance with benign fibrocystic disease of breast. Most common site of SPA is parotid gland; however cases in submandibular gland, minor salivary gland, and buccal mucosa have been reported. Generally SPA does not show any gender predilection and occurs over wide range of age (9-84 yrs). SPA is mostly unifocal, but cases with multifocality have been reported. Here we describe SPA of submandibular gland in a 55 years old woman. The exact nature of the tumor is unknown but until recently it has been believed to be a pseudoneoplastic reactive and inflammatory sclerosing process. Treatment is effected by localized surgical excision. Recurrence rate has been reported in 19% cases. Key Words- Sclerosing polycystic adenosis, submandibular gland.

[1]. Smith BC, Ellis GL, Slater LJ, Foss RD. Sclerosing polycystic adenosis of major salivary glands. A clinicopathological analysis of nine cases. Am J Surg Pathol 1996;20;161-70. [2]. Fredrick Peterson. Sclerosing Polycystic Adenosis of Salivary Glands: A Review with Some Emphasis on Intraductal Epithelial Proliferations. Head neck pathol.2013;Jul 7 (suppl 1): 97-106.
[3]. Bin Bin Li, Tie Jun Li. Sclerosing Polycystic Adenosis of the Sublingual Gland:a Case Report.The Chiness journal of Dental Research.2008;11(2):134-36.
[4]. Noonan VL, Kalmar JR, Allen CM, Gallagher GT, Kabani S. Sclerosing polycystic adenosis of minor salivary glands: report of three cases and review of the literature. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2007;104:516-20.
[5]. Skálová A, Michal M, Simpson RH, Stárek I, Prádná J, Pfaltz M. Sclerosing polycystic adenosis of parotid gland with dysplasia and ductal carcinoma in situ. Report of three cases with immunohistochemical and ultrastructural examination. Virchows Arch 2002;440;29-35.

Abstract: Objectives: To identify the adherence of prescriptions for GI and CVS medications to essential drug list and standard treatment guidelines. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Singtam and CRH, Gangtok. 1151 prescriptions were audited on OPD basis for a period of 2 years (Dec 2011-Nov 2013). CVS and GI medications were identified and analyzed. Chi square test was used where p≤0.05 was considered as significant. Data was initially entered in excel file and later analyzed by SPSS.version 20.0 Results: The result showed that 488 out of 494 prescriptions were adherent to essential drug list & standard treatment guidelines in singtam hospital and 584 out of 658 prescriptions were adherent to EDL & STG in CRH, Tadong.

[1]. Sekharan GopalaKrishnan, Parasuraman GanehKumar,Ajitha Katta: Assessment of prescribing practices among urban & rural general practitioners in Tamil Nadu, Indian journal of pharmacology, vol. 45 / issue 3 / May – June, 2013. Downloaded from: http://medind.nic.in/ibi/t13/i3/ibit13i3p252.htm
[2]. World Health Organization (WHO): 2002.The Selection of Essential Medicines. In: WHO Policy Perspectives on Medicines. Issue No 4, June 2002. WHO/EDM/2002.2.Geneva: WHO. Available from: http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/policyperspectives/en/index.html (Accessed: 15 Dec. 2012).
[3]. Indian Pharmacopeia 2010 and National Formulary of India, 415th edition, 2010: Downloaded from: http://cdsco.nic.in
[4]. Sitanshu Sekhar Kar, Himashu Sekhar Pradhan, Guru Prasad Mohanta: The concept of essential medicines & rational use in public: Indian Journal of Community Medicine, vol. 35, issue 1, 2010. Downloaded from: http://www.ijcm.org.in/article.asp?issn=0970-0218
[5]. Standard treatment guideline: Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India. Downloaded from: http://www.mohFw.nic/NRHM/STG.htm

Abstract: Objective: In order to improve road safety performance, injury details are an important part of injury prevention.. Methods This was a one year prospective study in which consecutive road crash victims presenting in the Emergency Department were recruited for the study. Results A total of 160 road traffic crash victims presented in the period of the study. Thirty did not give their consent for the study and discharged against medical advice. Twelve were brought in dead. Only 118 patients were eventually enrolled for the study. Eighty-five (72%) were males and 33 (28%) were females. The lower limb in the musculoskeletal region was most frequently injured in all groups.

[1]. Murray C, Lopez A. The global burden of disease. Vol. 1. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 1996.
[2]. Norberg E. Injuries as a public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa: epidemiology and prospects for control. East Afr Med J. 2000 77(12): S1-43. [PI12862115].
[3]. Bener A. The neglected epidemic: road traffic accidents in a developing country, State of Qatar. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot. 2005; 12(1): 45-7.[PI 15814375].
[4]. Jacobs G, Aaron-Thomas A, Astrop A. Estimating global road fatalities. London: Transport Research Laboratory; 2000. . (TRL Report 445).
[5]. Global status report on road safety: time for action. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2013.

Abstract: A 24 year female with clouding of cornea, coarse facies, gapping of teeth, large tongue, claw hand, hepatomegaly, umbilical hernia was diagnosed as a case of Hurler-Scheie Disease. An unusual feature was that the patient was having Dextrocardia, not reported yet as cardiac feature of Hurler-Scheie's Disease. An Ophthalmologist should examine not only eyes but also systematically to come to a final diagnosis in such rare disease with rare feature.

Key Words: clouding of cornea, Hurler's disease, Scheie's disease, mucopolysacchridosis, Dextrocardia

[1]. Richard E., Md. Behrman (Editor), Robert M., Md. Kliegman (Editor), Hal B., Md. Jenson (Editor)Nelson's textbook of paediatrics 17 edition, page 572
[2]. Dorfman A. The mucopolysaccharides. In: Behrman RE,Vaughan VC, eds. Nelson's textbook ofpediatrics. Philadelphia:Saunders, 1983: 1651-3.
[3]. Lowry, R.B., Applegarth, D.A., Toone, J.R., MacDonald, E., and Thunem, N.Y. (1990) An update on the frequency of the mucopolysaccharide syndromes in British Columbia. Hum Genet. 85: 389.
[4]. Neufeld, E.F., and Muenzer, J. (2001) Themucopolysaccharidoses. In: The Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease.Scriver, C.R., Beaudet, A.L., Sly, W.S., Valle, D., Childs, B., Kinzler, K.W., and Vogelstein, B. (eds.). 8th edition, Vol. III. McGraw- Hill, Medical Publishing Division, p. 3421.

Abstract: Aim:The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of immediate dentin sealing with dentin bonding agent on preventing post-cementation hypersensitivity in vital abutment teeth restored with a full-coverage restoration. Method:A total of 50 patients were enrolled in this study who received three unit fixed dental prosthesis on vital abutments in mandibular posterior region, 25 each in the age ranges of 21-30 and 31-40 years. Sixth generation bonding agent was applied after tooth preparation and before impression making. Final prosthesis was luted using GlassIonomer luting cement. The sensitivity assessment was done after 1 week, 1 month and 6 months. Results: There was statistically significant difference in the reduction of sensitivity with the use of a dentin bonding agent at 1 week and 1 month but not at 6 months. There was no significant difference between the age groups.

[1]. Rosenstiel SF, Rashid RG. Postcementation hypersensitivity: Scientific data versus dentists' perceptions. J Prosthodont 2003;12(2):73-81.
[2]. Brannstrom M. Reducing the risk of sensitivity and pulpal complications after the placement of crowns and fixed partial dentures. Quintessence Int 1996;27(10):673-8.
[3]. Brannstrom M. The effect of dentin desiccation and aspirated odontoblasts on the pulp. J Prosthet Dent 1968;20(2):165-71.
[4]. Brannstrom M, Nyborg H. Cavity treatment with a microbicidal fluoride solution: Growth of bacteria and effect on the pulp. J Prosthet Dent 1973;30(3):303-10.
[5]. Camps J, Dejou J, Remusat M, About I. Factors influencing pulpal response to cavity restorations. Dent Mater 2000;16(6):432-40.
[6]. Denner N, Heydecke G, Gerds T, Strub JR. Clinical comparison of postoperative sensitivity for an adhesive resin cement containing 4-META and a conventional glass-ionomer cement. Int J Prosthodont 2007;20(1):73-8.

Abstract: Flare-up is one complication of endodontic treatment, defined as acute exacerbation of asymptomatic pulp or periradicularpathosis after the initiation or continuation of root canal treatment (1). The development of postoperative pain after RCT is usually due to acute inflammatory response in the periradicular tissues. It commences within few hours or days after endodontic treatment. It is a poor indicator of pathosis and unreliable predictor of long term success (2–3).

[1]. 1.American Association of Endodontists. Glossary of endodontic terms, 7th ed. Chicago:American Association of Endodontists; 2003
[2]. DiRenzo A, Gresla T, Johnson BR, Rogers M, Tucker D, BeGole EA. Postoperativepain after 1- and 2-visit root canal therapy. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol OralRadiolEndod 2002;93:605–10.
[3]. Zuckerman O, Metzger Z, Sela G, Lin S. ''Flare-up'' during endodontic treatment:etiology and management. RefuatHapehVehashinayim 2007;24:19–26, 69.
[4]. Seltzer S, Naidorf IJ. Flare-ups in endodontics: part I—etiological factors. J Endod1985;11:472– 8
[5]. Balaban FS, Skidmore AE, Griffin JA. Acute exacerbations followinginitial treatment of necrotic pulps. J Endodon 1984;10:78–81.

Abstract: Mesiodens, a common supernumerary tooth found in the midline inanterior maxilla. Multiple mesiodens are termed as 'mesiodentes'. This report presents an extremely rare occurrence of two mesiodentes with different morphologyand their associated problems. It is an asymptomatic condition and is usually diagnosed on routine clinical and radiographic examination.Thisarticle also elucidate about the signs, symptoms, complicationsand management of mesiodentes.

Keywords: mesiodentes, supernumerary,varied morphology.

[1]. Gallas MM, Garcia A. Retention of permanent incisors by mesiodens: a family affair.Br Dent J 2000;188:63-64.
[2]. Alberti G, Mondani PM, Parodi V. Eruption of supernumerary permanent teeth in a sample of urban primary school population in Genoa, Italy. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2006 ;7:89–92.
[3]. Giancotti A, Grazzini F, De Dominicis F, Romanini G, Arcuri C. Multidisciplinary evaluation and clinical management of mesiodens. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2002;26:233–237.
[4]. Van Buggenhout G, Bailleul-Forestier I. Mesiodens.Eur J Med Genet 2008;51:178–81.
[5]. Ray D, Bhattacharya B, Sarkar S, Das G. Erupted maxillary conical mesiodens in deciduous dentition in a Bengali girl - A case report. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2005;23:153–5.
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Abstract: Ectopic varices are a rare presentation of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. However, among all ectopic varices site, duodenal varices are one of the common sites for ectopic variceal bleeding. This case report discussion will focus on the management of duodenal varices..

Keywords: angiography, duodenal varices, endoscopy, pharmacology, surgery

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[4]. Ian D. Norton: Management of Ectopic Varices. Clinical Challenge, Hepatology 1998; (28) ;4:1154-58.

Abstract: The prevalence of diabetes is rapidly rising all over the globe at an alarming rate. Diabetes is second only to cardiovascular disease (CVD) as a health burden in India. Type 2 diabetes is commonly associated with obesity, hypertension, CVD and lipid abnormalities. Aims and objectives: The aim of the study is to assess the BMI, WC, WHR, BAI and lipid profile in controlled and uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and to compare the above values with the controlled diabetic patients.

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Abstract: Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide health problem. CKD is a progressive condition and ultimately end up with kidney failure. A normocytic, normochromic anemia is observed in CKD. The primary cause in patients with CKD is insufficient production of erythropoietin (EPO) by the diseased kidneys. Anemia is both a complication of CKD as a part of uremic syndrome and a risk factor which influences the adverse outcomes of CKD, So evaluation and management of anemia is important to prevent the progress of CKD and for the general well being of the patient. As the renal function worsens, there is a progressive increase in the percentage of CKD patients with anemia.

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[2]. National Kidney Foundation- DOQI clinical practice guidelines on chronic kidney disease. Executive summary. Am J Kidney Dis 2002;39(2):suppp1:S16.
[3]. National Kidney Foundation- DOQI clinical practice guidelines on chronic kidney disease. Background. Am J Kidney Dis 2002;39(2) suppl 1:S32.
[4]. Nissenson AR, Wade S, Goodnough T et al. (2005) Economic burden of anemia in an insured population. J Manag Care pharm 11: 565:574.

Abstract: Background: Child sex ratio has been declining over a period of time. Preference for a male child by the family leading to sex selective abortion is found to be a major factor which may have adverse impact on the social structure. This study was undertaken to find out the gender preference and awareness on PCPNDT act among antenatal women.

[1]. www.census 2011.co.in (http://censusindia.gov.in/.)
[2]. Kansal R, khan Amir Maroof, R Bansal, P Parashar (2010) A Hospital based Study on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Pregnant Women on Gender Preference, Prenatal Sex Determination and Female Feticide.pg 209-212.
[3]. Vedpathak, VandanaKakrani, AjitNagaonkar, DeepaliDeo, Prashant Dahire, UmeshKawalkar( 2007) Gender preference and awareness regarding sex determination among pregnant woman-A hospital based study IJCM 32:60-2.
[4]. Mitra P, Mandira Das gupta, PoojaBanerjee,Prabodh S Soreng, Hasibul Hasan Shirazee, SudhirAdhikari(2013)A Study On Preferences And Awareness Regarding Prenatal Sex Determination Among Antenatal Women Attending Obstetrics And Gynecology Outdoor Of Medical College, Kolkata During The Time Period Of January To June, 2012.IOSR-JDMS PG 100-104

Abstract: Impacted canines are a relatively common finding in dental practice. After the third molar, the maxillary canine is the most frequently impacted tooth, followed by the maxillary central and lateral incisors. The prevalence of impacted maxillary canines is reported to range from 1.5 to 4% .The maxillary impacted canine is more frequently located palatally (85%) than labially (15%). The orthodontic-surgical management of impacted canines requires accurate diagnosis and precise location of the impacted canine. There are different techniques to surgically expose the impacted teeth, they are – Gingivectomy technique, Apically positioned flap, closed eruption technique.

[1]. Vermette ME, Kokich VG & Kennedy DB. Uncovering labially impacted teeth: apically positioned flap & closed eruption techniques. Angle Orthod. 1994; 65 (1): 23-34.

[2]. Crescini A, Clauser C, Glorgetti R, Cortellini P, Prato GP. Tunnel traction of infraosseous impacted maxillary canines. A three-year periodontal follow up. American journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 1994; 105: 61-72.

[3]. Kokich VG & Mathews DP. Surgical and orthodontic management of impacted teeth. Dent Clin of N.Amer 1993; 37 (2): 181-204

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[6]. Wisth PJ, Norderval K, Boe OE. Comparison of the surgical methods in combined surgical-orthodontic correction of impacted maxillary canines. Acta Odont Scand 1986; 34: 52-57.

Abstract: Carcinoma of the breast is the commonest breast lesion in elderly women. We present here four female patients aged 50 years, 65 years, 28 years and 40 years. These patients were referred to us for FNAC with the clinical diagnosis of carcinoma of breast. In first two patients FNAC revealed microfilariae. Other two patients showed the classical picture of tuberculous lesion in FNAC. All these patients were treated medically and were cured. Surgery could be avoided in all these cases.

Keywards: Filariasis of breast; Tuberculosis of breast; FNAC; Microfilaria.

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