iosr-JDMS   Volume-14 ~ Issue-5 ~ May-2015

Abstract: The lifetime risk for appendicitis is 7% commonly occurring in adolscents and young adults (Turner 2010). The rate of appendicitis varies among countries. Acute appendicitis is the most common surgical emergency and accounts for about 40% of all surgical emergencies in the western world (Edino et al 2004). In developing countries, the incidence is increasing in most urban centers; probably due to adoption of Western diet(Oguntola et al 2010). A total of 507 slides from Appendicectomy cases collected from the Dept. of Pathology were studied and uncommon findings observed were enumerated. i) Total obliteration of lumen 2.6%, ii) Presence of Hyperplastic epithelium 3.3%, iii) Accumulation of fat in the submucosa varying from grade I to IV, iv) Worm infestation 3.6%, v) Attenuation of the mucosa over the area of lymphoid hyperplasia, vi) Hyalinization & hypertrophy of the muscle coat, vii) Appendicies epiploicae at microscopic level in so many cases and at macroscopic level in a few, viii) A case of Tuberculosis 0.2%.

[1]. Agarwal P, Sharma D, Agarwal A, Agarwal V, Tandon A, Baghel KD, et al. Tuberculosis appendicitis in India. Trop Doct 2004;34:36-8.
[2]. Aydin O. incidental parasitic infestations in surgically removed appendices: a retrospective analysis. Diagn Pathol 2007;2:16.
[3]. Barbier C, Denny P, Pradoura JM, Bui P, Rieger A, Bazin C, et al. Radiologic aspects of infarction of the appendix epiploica. J Radiol 1998; 79:1479-85.
[4]. Collins DC. 71000 human appendix specimens; a final report summarizing 40 years study. Am J Protocol Gastroenterol Colon Rectal Surg 1963; 14:365-81.
[5]. Diaco JF, Diaco DS, Brannan AN. Endoscopic removal of an infracted appendix epiploica. J Laparoendose Surg 1993; 3:149-51.

Keywords: Bladder exstrophy (also known as Ectopia vesicae) is a congenital anomaly that exists along the spectrum of the exstrophy epispadias complex and most notably involves protrusion of the urinary bladder through a defect in the abdominal wall. A part of the wall of the bladder in front is absent and the inner part of the bladder is exposed. It is a rare condition affecting one in 50,000 people. Cleft foot also a rare congenital anomaly in which the foot didn't develop properly during fetal development. This causes the affected foot to have missing toes, a V-shaped cleft and other anatomical differences.

[1]. Graham, W. H. (1942) Brit. J. Surg. 30, 23.
[2]. Higgins, C. C. (1950) J. Urol. 63, 825.
[3]. Lendon, A A. (1906) Brit. Med. J. 1, 961
[4]. Mackay, J. and Syme, J. (1849) Monthly J. Med. Sci. 9, 934.
[5]. Michon, L. (1948) Brit. J. Urol. 20, 167.
[6]. Peters, G. A. (1901) Brit. Med. J. 1, 1538.

Abstract: Scimitar syndrome is characterized by partial or total anomalous pulmonary venous return from the right lung along with hypoplasia of the lung .Here we present a case of a 9month old female child with history of repeated lower respiratory tract infections with imaging findings consistent with Scimitar syndrome. We are reporting this case in view of the rarity.

Keywords: scimitar syndrome,lower respiratory tract infections,female child

[1]. Midyat L, Demir E, Askin M, Gülen F, Ulger Z, Tanaç R, et al. Eponym. Scimitar syndrome. Eur J Pediatr. 2010;169(10):1171-7. [2]. Juraszek AL, Cohn H, Van Praagh R, Van Praagh S. Isolated left-sided scimitar vein connecting all left pulmonary veins to the right inferior vena cava. PediatrCardiol. 2005;26(6):846-7. [3]. Gudjonsson U, Brown JW. Scimitar syndrome. SeminThoracCardiovascSurgPediatr Card SurgAnnu. 2006;56-62. [4]. Khan A, Ring NJ, Hughes PD. Scimitar syndrome (congenital pulmonary venolobar syndrome). Postgrad Med J. 2005;81(954):216. [5]. Mordue BC. A case series of five infants with scimitar syndrome. Adv Neonatal Care. 2003;3(3):121-32. [6]. Najm HK, Williams WG, Coles JG, Rebeyka IM, Freedom RM. Scimitar syndrome: twenty years' experience and results of repair. J ThoracCardiovasc Surg. 1996;112(5):1161-8.

Abstract: Prostaglandins are used regularly in the labor for priming of cervix and labor in control of Post Partum Hemorrhage. At times the parental prostaglandins are having fatal complications like Sub endocardial Ischemia and myocardial Infarction. We report 25yrs old female G2P1L1 had normal vaginal delivery and developed P.P.H. Injection carboprost (PGE2) was given, immediately we noticed diffuse sub endocardial ischemic changes & shock. They reverted that with the conservative treatment.

Key Words: Prostaglandins, post partum Hemorrhage, Carboprost.

[1]. Drife J.Management of Primary Post partum haemorrhage (commentary).Br.J.Obstet Gynaecol 104:275-277,1997.
[2]. Markos AR.Prostaglandin E2 intrauterine suppositories in the treatment of secondary postpartum haemorrhage.JR Soc Med 82(8):504-505,Aug 1989.
[3]. Rang,H.P.(2003).Pharmacology (5th ed).Edinburgh:Churchil livingstone.p.234.ISBN 0-443-07145-4. [4]. P.J.Piper Postgrad Med J. 1977 Nov; 53(625): 643–646.
[5]. Nelson,Randy F,(2005).An introduction to behavioral endocrinology (3rd ed). Sunderland,Mass:Sinauer Associates.p.100.

Abstract: Study of suprarenal glands at the histological level is of great importance as it affects the metabolism immensenly and more so in a growing foetus, the maturation of various foetal organs. And the effects in hypertension and diabetes mellitus associated prergnancies make a special note. The present work is done in 40 human foetus of different gestational ages (12 to 40 weeks). The foetuses were fixed in formalin, dissected, suprarenals extracted, fixed, processed, sectioned, stained with haematoxyline and eosin and photographed. The two regions of the gland- definitive cortex and medulla are identified. The parenchymal cells and ganglionic cells were differentiated by 28th week.

Key words: Adrenal gland, cortex, medulla, sympathochromaffin tissue, graded alcohols, xylene, haematoxyline and eosin.

[1]. Allen CE, Sandra S, Robert W. Cytology of the fetal zone of the adrenal gland. Anatomical Record 1966 ; 154 : 807 -822.
[2]. Asim Kumar Dutta Essentials of human embryology, 2005, 5th edition PP: 257-58.
[3]. Asim Kumar Dutta Esserntials of human anatomy (Thorax and Abdomen), 2006, 7th edition PP: 147-151..
[4]. Carleton H.M (1970) Histological technique for normal and pathological tissues and the identification of parasites 3rd edition.
[5]. GTN Sangma, Yumnam ibochouba, Ningthoujam Damayanti (2008) Journal of Anatomical society of India (June 2008) PP : 1-7
[6]. Hanley NA, Arit W. The human fetal adrenal cortex and the window of sexual differentiation. Trends Endrocrinol metab – 2006 Dec : 17 (10) : 391-7

Abstract: Background: caesarian section is one of the most commonly performed operations in modern obstetrics. The first operation performed on a patient is referred to as primary caesarian section, and when operation is performed in subsequent pregnancies, it is called repeat caesarian section. Primary caesarian section in a multipara means caesarian section done for the first time in patients who had delivered vaginally once or more. Aims and objectives: Aim of the present study is the analysis of cases where caesarian section was done for the first time in parous women who had vaginal delivery once or more. Various indications for caesarian section were studied in relation to age, gravidity and maternal, fetal outcome were analyzed.

[1]. Jyothi H Rao, Nirmala Rampure. "Study of Primary Caesarean Section in Multiparous Women". Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 2013; Vol2, Issue 24, June 17; Page: 4414-4418.
[2]. Desai E, Leuva H, Leuva B, Kanani M. A study of primary caesarean section in multipara. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2013; 2(3): 320-324. [3]. Palanichamy G. A study of 900 primary caesarean sections with special reference to 151 primary caesarean sections in grand multipara. J Obstet & Gynec India1976;26:374-379. [4]. Kala Vashista, Rekha Logawney, Gupta AM. Primary caesarean section in grand multipara. J Obstet & Gynec Ind1974; 26: 386-90. [5]. Purandare CN. The Over Roofing Rates of Caesarean Section. The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India (September–October 2011) 61(5):501–502.

Abstract: Congenital absence of posterior arch of atlas with atlantoaxial subluxation is a very rare condition seen only in 4% of 1613 autopsies. In this we report a case of 12 year old boy presented with severe head ache over occipital area. There were no symptoms of neurological involvement. No muscle weakness of surrounding area was seen. After radiological investigation CT scan shows absent right lateral mass and posterior arch of atlas with rudimentary left posterior arch of C1. He was diagnosed atlantoaxial dislocation and basilar invagination. This condition is asymptomatic and detected incidentally. Treatment for mild atlantoaxial subluxation is accomplished by wearing of cervical color. Most ideal treatment to correct subluxation is surgical correction by spinal fusion.

[1]. Geipel P. Zur Kenntnis der spina bifida des atlas. Forstschr Rontgenstr 1930;42:583-589.
[2]. Logan WW,Stuard ID. Absent posterior arch of atlas. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med 1973;118(2):431-434.
[3]. Phan N, Marras C, Midha R et al. Cervical myelopathy caused by hypoplasia of atlas: two case reports and review of the literature. Neurosurgery 1998;43(3):629-33
[4]. Dalinka MK, Rosenbaum AE, Van Houten F. Congenital absence of the posterior arch of the atlas.Radiology 1972;103:581-583.
[5]. Motateanu M, Gudinchet T, Sarraj H et al. Case report .Congenital absence of posterior arch of atlas.Skeletal Radiol 1991;20(3):231-2.

Abstract: This cross sectional study was conducted among 200 acute diarrhoeal cases admitted in a tertiary care hospital, Tirupati during January-February 2010. The overall prevalence of diarrhoeal diseases was found to be 12.1%. Majority of the cases occurred among males (52.5%), 6-12 months age (37.5%), lower socioeconomic status (82.0%) and among those with non-working mother (92.0%). The prevalence of malnutrition was found to be 56.0% while 29.0% children were partially immunized.

Keywords: Acute diarrhea, low socio-economic status, malnutrition, prevalence, under fives

[1]. World Health Organization. Diarhoeal disease: Fact sheet. [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2015 Feb 21]; Available from: URL: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/fact sheets/fs330/en.
[2]. United Nations Children's Fund. Diarrhoea: acute diarrhea still a major cause of child death. 2012 [cited 2015 Mar 14]; Available from: URL: http://www.unicef.org/health/index_43834:html.
[3]. World Health Organization. Drinking water guidelines for 1990s. Indian J Community Med 1993;18(4):1-5.
[4]. UNICEF/WHO. Diarrhoea: why children are still dying and what can be done. Geneva: WHO Press; 2009: 5-7.
[5]. Kumar SG. Subita L. Diarrhoeal diseases in developing countries: a substantial analysis. Kathmandu Univ Med J 2012;38(2):83-8.

Abstract: The objective of this study is to compare between early surgical treatments of non-specific ulcers of foot versus late treatment which required devastating surgeries like amputation. Patients for this study were selected from surgical wards of Subbaiah Institute of Medical Sciences and research centrefrom March 2014 to March 2015 with the following inclusion and exclusion criteria. A minimum of 10 cases of randomized non-specific ulcer foot were studied after informed consent. Among 10 cases 6 were males and 4 were females. After early treatment and minimal surgical interventions like slough excision and debridement, patients were followed regularly up to 3 to 4 weeks for outcome of the disease. Patients around 40 to 50 years of age group formed the maximum number in the study. Male to female ratio was 3:2. All the 10 patients tolerated the early surgical treatment for ulcer foot very well. None of the studied patients required further surgical intervention like disarticulation or amputation. Appropriate antibiotics according to culture and sensitivity reports were given during the study period.

Keywords: culture and sensitivity, debridement, diabetic ulcer, slough excision, varicose ulcer.

[1]. Steed D.L. Debridement. The American Journal of Surgery. May 2004 Volume 187, Issue 5 Supplement 1, Pages S71–S74; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9610(03)00307-6. [2]. Laing.P. The development and complications of diabetic foot ulcers.The American Journal of Surgery. Volume 176, Issue 2, Supplement 1, August 1998, Pages 11S–19S. [3]. McNeely.M.J, Boyko .E.J, Ahroni.J.H, Stensel.V.L, Reiber.G.E, Smith.D.G, and Pecoraro.R.E. The Independent Contributions of Diabetic Neuropathy and vasculopathy in Foot Ulceration. DiabetesCare.February 1995 vol. 18 no. 2 216-219 ;doi: 10.2337/diacare.18.2.216.
[4]. Grey.J.E, Harding.K.G , Enoch.S. ABC of Wound Healing; Venous and Arterial Leg Ulcers. BMJ. 2006 Feb 11; 332(7537): 347–350; 2006; doi: 10.1136/bmj.332.7537.347.
[5]. Gujja.K ,Wiley.J, Krishnan.P. Chronic Venous Insufficiency. Interventional Cardiology Clinics. Volume 3, Issue 4, October 2014, Pages 593–605; doi:10.1016/j.iccl.2014.07.001.

Abstract: Regenerative endodontic procedures for the management of traumatized immature permanent teeth have shown promising results in the restoration of functional pulp-dentin complexes. This case report describes the management of a 15-year-old male patient with a traumatized maxillary canine with an immature apex and a necrotic pulp. A regenerative endodontic procedure was performed using calcium hydroxide as intracanal medicament and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) as scaffold. Recall visits after 4, 8 and 12 months showed complete resolution of periapical lesion with increased canal wall thickness. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan showed complete closure of the root apex. The patient was asymptomatic and the tooth was not responsive to sensibility testing. The regenerative procedure used induced root development by increasing root wall thickness and closure of apex. The use of bioactive scaffold platelet-rich fibrin enhanced the outcome since it provided a concentrated reservoir of growth factors that are known to induce stem cell proliferation and differentiation.

Keywords: Cone Beam Computed Tomography, Immature Tooth, Platelet-Rich Fibrin, Pulp Regeneration

[1]. Webber RT. Apexogenesis versus apexification. Dental Clinics of North America, 28, 1984, 669 –697.
[2]. Kerekes K, Heide S, Jacobsen I. Follow-up examination of endodontic treatment in traumatized juvenile incisors. Journal of Endodontics, 6, 1980, 744–748.
[3]. Rafter M. Apexification: a review. Dental Traumatology, 21, 2005, 1– 8.
[4]. Andreasen JO, Farik B, Munksgaard EC. Long-term calcium hydroxide as a root canal dressing may increase risk of root fracture. Dental Traumatology, 18, 2002, 134 –137.
[5]. Shabahang S, Torabinejad M. Treatment of teeth with open apices using mineral trioxide aggregate. Practical Periodontics and Aesthetic Dentistry, 12, 2000, 315–320.
[6]. Murray PE, Garcia-Godoy Franklin, Hargreaves K. Regenerative endodontics: A review of current status and a call for action. Journal of Endodontics, 33, 2007, 337–390.

Abstract:Aim: To compare horizontal corneal diameter in premature and mature infants. Methods: A prospective cross sectional study was conducted on 122 eyes from 61 infants both premature and mature newborn babies born during the period from January 2014 to June 2014 with a gestational age between 28 weeks to 38 weeks and birth weight ranging from 1100grms to 4500 grms. Results: Corneal diameter was highly associated (p < 0.001) with gestational age and birth weight. The corneal diameter was measured in 61 healthy infants 33 premature and 28 mature healthy infants with gestational ages ranging from 28 to 38 weeks, mean gestational age weeks 33.3± SD 2.98, the mean weight in Kilograms 2.26 ± SD 1.54 and mean horizontal corneal diameter in millimeter was 9.57 ± S D 0.84.

[1]. Fledelius H, Prematurity and the eye. Ophthalmic 10-year follow-up of children of low and normal birthweight. Acta Ophthalmol 1976;128 (Suppl) :3–245.
[2]. Leibowitz HM. Corneal disorders. Clinical diagnosis and management. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1984:29.
[3]. Kwitko ML. Surgery of the infant eye. Newyor: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1979:11
[4]. De Luise VP, Anderson DR. Primary Infantile Glaucoma (Congenital Glaucoma. Surv Ophthalmol 1983; 28:1-19.
[5]. Kwitko ML. The pathogenesis of symptoms in congenital glaucoma. XXI Concillum ophthalmologicum parisi 1970, Acta pars 11, Solares MP, ed. AmsterdamP: Excerpta Medica, 1971.

Abstract: Introduction-Debridement is the aim of and also a big challenge to endodontic treatment especially in the apical portion of the root canal. Because of the complexity of the root canal anatomy and the limitations of instrumentation, irrigation has gained increasing attention and one improvement in this respect is irrigant activation. The aim of this study is to Compare the cleaning efficacy of conventional syringe irrigation ,Endovac and Laser in removing smear layer from the root canal wall using scanning electron microscope.Material and method-30 single rooted premolar teeth with root length 17mm were decoronated and Root canals were instrumented using crown-down technique and three groups were assigned.Group 1-Irrigation activation with conventional syringe, Group 2 -Irrigation activation with LASER Device, Group 3 irrigation activation with Endovac.

[1]. Jiang LM, Lak B, Eijsvogels LM, Wesselink P, van der Sluis LW. Comparison of the cleaning efficacy of different final irrigation techniques.Endod. 2012 Jun;38(6):838-41. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.03.002. Epub 2012 Apr 24.

[2]. Li-sha Gu, DDS, MS∗, Jong Ryul Kim, DMD, PhD†, Junqi Ling, DDS, PhD∗, Kyung Kyu Choi, DMD, PhD†,David H.Pashley, DMD, PhD‡, Franklin R. Tay, BDSc (Hons), PhD Review of Contemporary Irrigant Agitation Techniques and Devices J.Endod , Volume 35, Number 6, June 2009,
[3]. Benjamin A. Nielsen, DMD, and J. Craig Baumgartner, DDS, PhD, Comparison of the EndoVac System to Needle Irrigation of Root Canals, JOE — Volume 33, Number x, Month 2007
[4]. Marchesan MA., Junior AB., Gabriel AE., Silva SR. and Neto MD.: Ultrastructural Analysis of Root Canal Dentine Irradiated with 980-nm Diode Laser Energy at Different Parameters. Photomed. Laser Surg. 26(3): 235-240; 2008.

Abstract: 1.To assess the outcome of ureteroscopy and pneumatic lithotripsy for impacted ureteric calculus 2.To analyse the factors influencing success of ureteroscopy and pneumatic lithotripsy for impacted ureteric calculus 3.To evaluate the immediate complications of ureteroscopy for impacted ureteric calculus.

[1]. Young HH, Mckay RW: congenital valvular obstruction of the prostatic urethra. Surg. Gyn Obs 1929, 48:509.
[2]. Marshal VF: fibreoptics in urology; J Urol; 1964; 91:110.
[3]. Tagaki T, Go T, Takayasu T et al: Fiberoptic pyeloureteroscopy, Surgery, 1971,; 70: 661.
[4]. Bush IM, Goldberg ge, Javadpour N etal,: ureteroscopy and renoscopy: A preliminary report: Chicago med. Journ. 1970:; 30:46.
[5]. Good man TM: ureteroscopy with pediatric cystoscopes in adults. Urology 1977; 9: 394.

Abstract: Aerobic capacity of athletes is an important element of success in sports achievements. Physiologically, it is functional capacity of an organism to increase the level of metabolic process in keeping with the requirement of physical effort being exposed to. Metabolic process in this sense means the transformation of chemical energy into mechanical one

[1]. Bowers R.W., Fox E.L. Sports Physiology.3rd.ed.Boston:Mc-Graw-Hill;1988.
[2]. Goran Rancovic, Vlada Muta Vdzic . Aerobic Capacity as an Indicator in Different kinds of Sports. Bosnian J of Basic Medical Sciences 2010;10(1):44-48.
[3]. Wilmore JH and Costill DL (2005) Physiology of Sport and Exercise:3rd Edition. Champ Human Kinetics.
[4]. Margaria, R., Aghemo, P. and Rovelli, E., 1966 "Measurement of muscular power (anaerobic) in man". J.Appl.Physiol. 21: 1662-1664.
[5]. Jo¨rn Rittweger1,*, Pietro Enrico di Prampero2, Nicola Maffulli3 and Marco V. Narici Sprint and endurance power and ageing: analysis of master athletic world records; Proc. R. Soc. B (2009) 276, 683–689

Abstract: One of the rarest congenital anomaly of the urinary tract is fused supernumerary kidneys. Worldwide reported incidence of such an anomaly is less than 100 cases. The following case report a right sided fused supernumerary kidney, that was diagnosed in 36 years old female patient using triple phased 64-slice multi-detected computed tomography (MDCT). MDCT examination shows separate renal arteries supplying each of right kidney and multiple renal veins, which form common trunk, to drain into the inferior vena cava.

Key Words: Congenital anomaly, Multi Detector Computed Tomography, Renal, Supernumerary kidney, Urinary tract.

[1]. Suresh J, Gnanasekaran N, Dev B. Fused supernumerary kidney, Radiology Case Report,. (Online) 2011; 6:552.
[2]. Janda GM, Nepple KG, Cooper CS, Austin JC. Supernumerary kidney in a child with OEIS complex, Urology, 2009; 74 (2): 305-7.
[3]. Oto A, Kerimoglu Ü, Eskiçorapçi S., Hazirolan T, Tekgül S: Bilatral Supernumerary kidneys- Imaging Findings. JBR–BTR, 2002, 85: 300-303.
[4]. Sthephens FD, Smith ED, Hutson JM: Normal embriology of the upper urinary tract and kidneys. Congenital anomalies of the kidney, urinary and genital tracts. London: Martin Dunitz; 2002. 283–92.

Abstract: The mandible serves as an important structure in relation to mastication as all the muscles of mastication are attached to it. During the routine osteology classes of undergraduate students in SCB Medical College, Cuttack we found an adult male mandible having an elongated coronoid process on both sides. The length of the coronoid process was taken from the line tangential to the deepest part of mandibular notch to the apex which measured 2.8 cm on the right and 2.5 cm on the left side. Coronoid process develops in the temporalis muscle anlage and subsequently gets attached to the main part of mandible. Its shape acts as an evolutionary marker showing variation in relation to age, sex and race. The aim of this report is to discuss and highlight the etiology, embryology and various clinical implications of elongated coronoid process.

Key words: elongated, mandible, coronoid hyperplasia

[1]. Susan Standring. Gray's Anatomy, The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice, 40th edition Churchil Livingstone; 2008; 530-53
[2]. Fernandez Ferro M, Fernandez Sanroman J, Sandoval Gutierrez J, Costas Lopez A, Lopez de Sanchez A, Etayo Perez A. Treatment of bilateral hyperplasia of the coronoid process. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2008; 13: 595–598. [3]. Vilas Newaskar, Faisal Idrees, Poornima Patel; Natl J Maxillofac Surg. 2012 Jul-Dec; 3(2): 195–198.
[4]. Jaskolka MS, Eppley BL, van Aalst JA. Mandibular coronoid hyperplasia in pediatric patients. J Craniofac Surg. 2007; 18: 849–854.
[5]. Wenghoefer M, Martini M, Allam JP, Novak N, Reich R, Berge SJ. Hyperplasia of the coronoid process in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (Bechterew disease). J Craniofac Surg. 2008; 19: 1114–1118.

Abstract: Background &Objectives:-PCOS is the most common endocrine disorders among women between the ages of 18 and 44. It affects approximately 5% to 10% of this age group. It is one of the leading causes of poor fertility. PCOS patients usually develop thyroid disorders which have an adverse effect on fertility and other hormones. Hence this study was done to estimate levels of LH, FSH, Prolactin and TSH hormones and to find a correlation between LH,FSH and TSH levels.

[1]. "Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Condition Information". http://www.nichd.nih.gov/. 2013-05-23.
[2]. Teede H, Deeks A, Moran L (2010). "Polycystic ovary syndrome: a complex condition with psychological, reproductive and metabolic manifestations that impacts on health across the lifespan". BMC Med8 (1): 41. doi:10.1186/1741-7015-8-41. PMC 2909929.PMID 20591140.
[3]. Janssen OE, Mehlmauer N, Hahn S, Offner AH, Gärtner R. High prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol. 2004 Mar;150(3):363-9
[4]. NACB: Laboratory Support for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Thyroid Disease. Laurence M. Demers, Ph.D., F.A.C.B.and Carole A. Spencer Ph.D., F.A.C.B
[5]. Muderris II, Boztosun A, Oner G, Bayram F. Effect of thyroid hormone replacement therapy on ovarian volume and androgen hormones in patients with untreated primary hypothyroidism. Ann Saudi Med. 2011 Mar-Apr;31(2):145-51

Abstract: Alveolar osteitis (AO) is a common phenomenon in the extraction of impacted third molars. As it causes discomfort and affects the patient's quality of life, it is necessary to reduce the risk of AO. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of two CHX gel concentrations on the frequency of AO. The inclusion criteria were being 18-30 years old and having bilateral impacted mandibular third molars with moderate difficulty level based on Pederson scale. Both teeth extracted at the same session and one socket randomly received 1% chlorhexidine (CHX) and the other 0.2% CHX gel. The outcome variable was frequency of AO. Data were collected in SPSS software and analyzed using t-test and chi-square tests. 40 patients with mean age of 21 years completed the study period. 9 (11.25%) sockets developed AO. No significant difference was found between the frequency of AO in applying 1% gel (10%) and 0.2% gel (12.5%) based on chi-square test (P-value > 0.05). Although no side effect was observed in applying 1% CHX gel, no additional benefit was also obtained.

Keywords – Alveolar Osteitis, Chlorhexidine Gel, Mandibular Third Molar, Split mouth.

[1] T.P. Osborn, G. Frederickson, I.A. Small, T.S. Torgerson, A prospective study of complications related to mandibular third molar surgery, J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 43, 1985, 767-72.
[2] A.R. Noroozi, R.F. Philbert, Modern concepts in understanding and management of the ''dry socket'' syndrome: Comprehensive review of the literature, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 107, 2009, 30-6.
[3] M. Eshghpour, N.M. Rezaei, A. Nejat, Effect of menstrual cycle on frequency of alveolar osteitis in women undergoing surgical removal of mandibular third molar: a single blind randomized clinical trial, J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 71, 2013, 1484–9.
[4] J.R. Ragno, A.J. Szkutnik, Evaluation of 0.12% chlorhexidine rinse on the prevention of alveolar osteitis, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol, 72, 1991, 524-6.
[5] C, Delilbasi, U. Saracoglu, A. Keskin, Effects of 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate and amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid on the prevention of alveolar osteitis following mandibular third molar extractions, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 94, 2002, 301-4..

Abstract: Low back pain is thought to occur in almost 80% of adults in some point in their life. Among chronic conditions, back problems are the most frequent cause of limitations of activity in persons less than 45 years. Only routine examination, post operative checkups and upper respiratory tract symptoms surpass back problems as a cause of office visits to physicians. It is the responsibility of the Orthopaedic surgeon to diagnose and appropriately treat this ailment of which lumbar intervertebral disc prolapse is a very common cause. Discectomy is a common procedure carried out for treatment of lumbar disc prolapse.

[1]. Deyo RA, Gherkin DC, Loeser JD Bigos SJ, Ciol MA Morbidity and Mortality in association with operation on the lumbar spine.J bone joint surg (AM) 74: 536-44, 1992.
[2]. Korres DS Loupsassis G, Stamos .K. Results of lumbar discectomy.A study using 15 different evaluation methods.Eur - spine J 1: 20-24, 1992.
[3]. Richard .A. Deyo Conservative therapy for low back pain distinguishing useful from useless therapy.JAMA Vol 250(8) . 1057 -1062, 1983
[4]. A prospective controlled study of limited versus subtotal posterior discectomy: two-year outcomes in patients with herniated lumbar intervertebral discs and large posterior anular defects Eugene Carragee, Steven Paragioudakis Todd Alamin September 2003 The Spine Journal Vol. 3, Issue 5, Supplement, Pages 88-89 [5]. Asch HL, Lewis PJ, Moreland DB, et al: Prospective multiple outcomes study of outpatient lumbar microdiscectomy: J Neurosurg 96 (Spine 1):34-44, 2002

Abstract: Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) is a post infectious polyneuropathy involving mainly motor but sometimes may also involve sensory and autonomic nerves. Weakness begins usually in the lower extremities and progressively involves the trunk, upper limbs; complete electrodiagnostic evaluation of patients with suspected Guillain-Barre syndrome requires both motor and sensory conduction studies, F response latency measurements. A 10-year-old boy sudden started felling pins-and-needles sensation, weakness, and numbness in his both upper and lower limb. On neurological examination, his cranial nerve exam was intact. His sensation was intact on both upper and lower extremities.

[1]. Albers JW, Donofrio PD, McGonagle TK. Sequential electrodiagnostic abnormalities in acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. Muscle Nerve 1985; 8: 528-539.
[2]. Hauser SL, Asbury AK. Guillain-Barre Syndrome and Other Immune-Mediated Neuropathies, In: 16th Edition, Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, McGraw Hill, 2009, pp. 2667-2671.
[3]. Vandel Meche FGA. The Guillain-Barre syndrome. In: McLeod JG (ed). Inflammatory neuropathies. Balliere's Clinical Neurology. Balliere Tindall Ltd 1994; 3: (I).
[4]. Fisher MA. H reflexes and F wave fundamentals normal and abnormal patterns. Neurol Clin N Am 2002; 20: 339-342.
[5]. Asbury AK. Diagnostic considerations in Guillain-Barre syndrome. Ann Neurol 1981; 9: 1-5.
[6]. Cook SD, Dowling PC. The role of autoantibody and immune complexes in the pathogenesis of Guillain-Barre syndrome. Ann Neurol 1981; 9: 70- 79.

Abstract: A study undertaken to study parasympathetic responses with various tests like resting heart rate, sinus arrhythmia, postural index and Valsalva index on ECG during different phases of menstrual cycle. The study was conducted on 30 healthy female medical students with the age group of 17-25 yrs. R-R interval, E: I index and postural index does not show any statistically significant results indicating that parasympathetic activity remains unaffected throughout the menstrual cycle. But the balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic alters during premenstrual phase, as Valsalva index which reflects balance between two is significant. Hence it is likely that an exaggerated response to hormonal changes during menstrual cycle may be responsible for significant results.

[1]. NadlineSpielmann: Heart Rate variability in relation to the menstrual cycle in trained and untrained woman. http://edoc.hu.berlin.de/dissertation/spielmann- nadine-2004-12-16/HTML;chapter1/2/3/4/5/6
[2]. Poleforne JM, Manuek SB. Effects of menstrual phase and parental history of hypertension on cardiovascular response to cognitive challenge. Psychosomatic Medicine 1988;50: 23-26.
[3]. Anonymous. Diagnosis of autonomic neuropathy. Br. Med. J. 1978; ii: 910-911.
[4]. Ewing DJ. Cardiovascular reflexes and autonomic neuropathy. Clin. Sci. Mol. Med. 1978; 55:321-327.
[5]. Levin AB. A simple test of cardiac functions based up on the heart rate changes induced by Valsalva manoeuver. Am. J. Cardiol. 1966; 18: 90-99.
[6]. Ewing DJ, Hume L, et al. Autonomic mechanism in the initial heart rate response to standing. J. Applied Physiol. 1980; 49: 809-814.

Abstract: This study measures serum Procollagen I N-Terminal Peptide (PINP) levels in normal weight, overweight and obese postmenopausal women with osteoporotic vertebral fractures and compare these levels with body mass index matched controls. Eighty (80) postmenopausal women were included in this study with age range (50-77 years). Subjects were divided into two groups: Group A: forty four (44) women with osteoporotic vertebral fractures (Patients), and group B: thirty six (36) women without osteoporosis and without vertebral fractures (serve as controls).

[1]. Consensus Development Conference . Diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment of osteoporosis. Am J Med, 94, 1993, 646–650.
J. Cauley, M. Hochberg, L. Lui , L. Palermo, K. Ensrud,T. Hillier, Mc. Nevitt and S. Cummings . Long-term risk of incident vertebral fractures, J A M A, 298, 2007, 2761–2767.
[2]. P. Ross. Clinical consequences of vertebral fractures, Am J Med, 103, 1997,30–42.
[3]. D. Mazanec, A. Mompont, V. Podichetty and A. Pontis. Vertebral compression fractures: Manage aggressively to prevent sequelae, C C J M, 70(2), 2003,147–156.
[4]. R. Vedantam. Management of Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures, Am J Clin Med, 6(4), 2009,14–18.

Abstract: A 29-year-old male patient presented with painless swelling over right dorsal aspect of nose for last 3months. Endoscopic evaluation revealed normal anatomical structures. Ultrasonography with Colour Doppler showed areas of central and peripheral vascularity. CT Nose & PNS findings were suggestive of capillary- haemangioma. Excision of the mass was done, histopathological & immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of an angiofibroma.

[1]. Dere H, Ozcan KM, Ergul G, Bahar S, et al (2006) Extranasopharyngeal angiofi broma of the cheek. JLaryngol Otol 120(2):141–144 [2]. Celik B, Erisen L, Saraydaroglu O, Coskun H (2005) A typical angiofi broma : A report of four cases. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 69(3):415–421 [3]. Hsieh ST, Guoyc, Tasi TL, Chen WY, Huang JL(2004) Angiofi broma of the hypopharynx. J Chin Med Assoc 67(7):373–375 [4]. Akbas Y, Andolu Y (2003) Extranasopharyngeal angiofi broam of the head and neck in women. Am J Otolaryngol 24(6):413–416 [5]. Stella and Maran, head and neck surgery; angiofibroma page no 589.

Abstract: Abnormalities of carbohydrate metabolism occur frequently during pregnancy. Unfortunately, carbohydrate intolerance during pregnancy causes significant increase in fetal and maternal morbidity. The consequences to the fetus are more serious than those to the mother. Caudal regression syndrome is rare, but most specific congenital anomaly associate with diabetic pregnancy. We present such a case of neglected uncontrolled diabetic mother with a malformed baby having sirenomelia.

[1]. Dordoni D, Freeman PC. Sirenomelia sequence. The Fetus 1991; 1: 7553. 1-3.
[2]. Tanha FD, Googol N, KavehM. Sirenomelia in an infant ofdiabetic mother. Acta Medica Iranica 2003; 41(1): 69-72.
[3]. Schiesser M, Holzgreve W, Lapaire O, Willi N, Luthi H, et al. Sirenomelia, the mermaid syndrome-detection in the first trimester. Prenat Diagn 2003; 23: 493-5.
[4]. Ladure H, D"herve D, Loget P, Poulain P. Prenatal diagnosis of Sirenomelia. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris) 2006; 35: 181-5.
[5]. Duesterhoeft SM, Ernst LM, Siebert JR, Kapur RP. Five cases of caudal regression with an aberrant abdominal umbilical artery: further support for a caudal regression-sirenomelia spectrum. Am J Med Genet A 2007; 143A: 3175-84.