iosr-JDMS   Volume-14 ~ Issue-8 ~ August-2015

Abstract: Ameloblastoma is a locally aggressive tumor commonly arising from the Mandibular Surgical resection of the neoplasm is the treatment of choice1. Mandibular resection and resulting loss of mandibular continuity is inevitable in such cases. Mandibular deviation towards the defective side results in loss of masticatory function, defective control of salivary secretions and disfigurement of face. Mandibular Guiding prosthesis helps the patient to achieve normal occlusion of teeth2. This case report describes simple mandibular Guiding flange prosthesis for a patient with a hemi mandibulectomy defect to restore function.

Keywords - Guidingflange Prosthesis, Ameloblstoma, Mandibular deviation.

[1]. Shafer wg ,hine mk,LEVY Bo TOMICH CE, a textbook of oral pathology ,4th ed philadelphia: w.B saunders 1993 pp 86-229
[2]. Aramany MA,Myers EN. Intermaxillary Fixatation following Mandibular resection J prosthet dent 1977:37:437-444
[3]. Beumer iii j. Marunick MT,Esposito SJ Maxillofacial rehabilitation,3rd ed,2011,Quintessence page87-89,118-120
[4]. Curtis TA TAYLOR RC, Rositano SA, physical in obtaining records of the maxillofacial patients J prosthet dent 1975:34:539-554
[5]. Prakash v prosthetic rehabilitation of edentulous mandibulectomy Indian j dent res2008:19:257-260

Keywords: Laryngeal granuloma is an uncommon complication arising from irritation of the laryngeal structures. We present a case where bilateral laryngeal granuloma became clinically evident 3 month post-intubation after Caesarean section followed by ICU stay for 2 weeks. The patient, a 28 year old female, developed progressive hoarseness after experiencing gradual voice loss.

[1]. Jackson C. Contact ulcer of the larynx. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1928;90:48–52.
[2]. Ylital0 R, Lindestad PA. A retrospective study ofcontact granuloma. Laryngoscope 1999;109:433-6.
[3]. Snow JC, Harano M, Balogh K. Postintubation granuloma of the larynx. Anaest analog 1966;45:425-9.
[4]. YlitaloR, Hammarberg B. Voice characteristics, effects of voicetherapy, and long-term follow-up of contact granuloma patients. J Voice. 2000;14(4):557-566.
[5]. Devaney KO, Rinaldo A, Ferlito A. Vocal process granuloma of the larynx— recognition, differential diagnosis and treatment. Oral Oncol. 2005;41(7):666- 669.

Keywords: Aim:The diagnosis of hemorrhoids is primarily based on the anoscopic examination. This study was conducted over a period of 10 years from January 2002 to December 2011. 137 patients with GradeIII Hemorrhoids were selected from surgical OPD in Anupama Nursing Home, Patna for mucosal advancement haemorrhoidectomy. Method:Each patient was subjected to sigmoidoscopy and /or colonoscopy to exclude other lesion higher up in recto sigmoid. Patients of fissure, fistulae and malignancy were excluded. All parameters were recorded and finally analyzed. Detailed history recording and dietary assessment evaluated.

1] Thomson WH (1975) The nature of hemorrhoids. BJS 62:542-552
[2] American society of colon and rectal surgeons (1993) Practice parameters for the treat ment of haemorrhoids. Dis Colon Rectum 36:1118-1120
[3] Barton J (1963) Office ligation treatment of hemorrhoids. Dis Colon Rectum 6:109-113
[4] Sato SC. Novell JR, Khowry G. Winslet MC, Lewis AA 0993) Long term results of large dose. single-session phenol injection sclerotherapy for hemorrhoids. Dis Colon Rectum 36:958-691
[5] Leicesters RS. Nicholls R1. Chair Met al (1981) Infra-red coagulation: a new treatment for hemorrhoids. Dis Colon Rectum 24:602-605.

Keywords: A 60 year old male patient presented with diffuse pain in the dorsal spine since 3 months with a previous history of having underwent a surgery for a spinal tumour 20 years ago, the details of biopsy of which was unavailable. On examination he had spastic paraparesis with no sphincter disturbances. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an extramedullary space occupying lesion on the left side extending from D5 to D8 vertebrae causing severe cord compression with evidence of previous laminectomy from D9 to D11 levels. Radiological differential diagnosis included a nerve sheath tumour or a meningioma

[1]. Feng J, Xu YK, Li L, Yang RM, Ye XH, Zhang N, Yu T, Lin BQ. MRI diagnosis and preoperative evaluation for pure epidural cavernous hemangiomas.Neuroradiology2009; 51:741-7.
[2]. Jo BJ, Lee SH, Chung SE, Paeng SS, Kim HS, Yoon SW, et al. Pure epidural cavernous hemangioma of the cervical spine that presented with an acute sensory deficit caused by hemorrhage. Yonsei Med J 2006;47:877–80.
[3]. Palur RS, Ravikumar CV, Satish S, Rao BR, Shekar GR. Developmental vascular abnormalities of the central nervous system-other than AVMís. In: Venkataraman S, editor. Progress in clinical neurosciences.Neurological Society of India 1999 ; 151-72.
[4]. Jellinger K. Vascular malformations of the central nervous system:A morphological over view. Neurosurg Rev 1986;9:177-216.
[5]. Rovira A, Rovira A, Capellades J, Zauner M, Bella R, Rovira M. Lumbar extradural hemangiomas: report of three cases. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol1999;20:27–31.
[6]. Jellinger K. Pathology of spinal vascular malformations and vascular tumors. In: Pia HW, Djindjian R, editors. Spinal Angiomas: Advance in Diagnosis and Therapy. New York: Springer; 1978: 9–20.

Keywords: The upper and lower limbs of the human body are phylogenetically homologues of the forelimbs and hind limbs of the quadrupeds. Primates started lifting of the forelimbs off the ground for various functional adaptations as evolution progressed and this led to the deviation of the forelimbs from lower limbs. With the gradual diversification of the functions, morphological evolution of the two limbs follows closely leading to the differences in upper and the lower limbs in the human.

[1]. McMinn RMH (ed.). Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, 9th Edn., Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, 1994.
[2]. Moore KL, Persaud TVN. The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology, 8th Edn., Saunders, Philadelphia 2008.
[3]. Palastanga N, Field D, Soames R. Anatomy and Human Movement (Structure and function), 4th Edn., Butterworth Heinemann, Edinburgh 2002.

Keywords: Programmatic management of drug resistant TB under RNTCP is being implemented in Andhra Pradesh since 2011.During the initial years MDR TB cases were identified based on criteria-A. Since 2013 criteria B is implemented in identifying MDR cases in follow up sputum of new casesof pulmonary tuberculosis.

Keywords: Multidrug Resistance, Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Retreatment cases, programmatic management of drug resistant tuberculosis.

[1]. Central TB Division (2012) Guidelines on Programmatic Management of drug resistant TB (PMDT), Director General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India.
[2]. World health organization. (2011) Global tuberculosis control: WHO report 2011. Geneva: World Health Organization. Viii, 246p.
[3]. World health organization, Geneva (2008) Guidelines for the programmatic management of drug resistant tuberculosis; an emergency update. (WHO/HTM/TB/2008/402).
[4]. Central TB Division, TB India (2012) Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt of India.

Keywords: Post operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common problem. Unresolved PONV can result in prolonged hospital stay and unanticipated hospital admission resulting in patient distress and increased medical costs. The goals of PONV prophylaxis are an improvement in the quality of life of the patients, as well as a decrease in the hospital costs. Our study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic single dose Metoclopramide; single dose Ondansetron and a combination of Ondansetron plus Dexamethasone at the end of surgery, in reducing the incidence of PONV and to identify the antiemetic medication amongst these best suited for reducing post operative emesis.

[1]. Kaufmann MA, Rosov C, Schnieper P, Schneider M: Prophylactic antiemetic therapy with patient controlled analgesia: a double blind,placebo-controlled comparison of droperidol,metoclopromide and tropisetron. Anaesth Analg.1994;78:988-94.
[2]. Gan TJ,Collins,Hetreed M: Double blind comparison of ondansetron,droperidol and saline in the prevention of post operative nausea and vomiting. Br Jr of Anaesthesia.1994;72:544-547
[3]. Aitkenhead AR, Rowbotham DJ; Smith G: Nausea,vomiting and their treatment.Textbook of Anaesthesia. 2001; 4th Edition; 244-249
[4]. Aziz N, Naz U, Ilyas M (2011) A comparative study between metoclopramide and dexamethasone for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Med Sci 19: 129-132.
[5]. Fujii Y (2008) Clinical strategies for preventing postoperative nausea and vomitting after middle ear surgery in adult patients. Curr Drug Saf 3: 230-239.

Keywords: Objective: This study was carried out to assess the prevalence of hepatitis E infection in pregnant women and their obstetric and fetal outcome. Background: HEV is the major cause of hepatitis in pregnancy. Fulminant hepatic failure and maternal mortality was more commonly associated with HEV infected pregnant women compared to HEV infected non pregnant women.

[1]. 1.centre for health protection. Scientific Committee on Enteric Infections and Foodborne Diseases Epidemiology and Prevention of Hepatitis E.
[2]. Sharda Patra, MS; Ashish Kumar, MD, Maternal and Fetal Outcomes in Pregnant Women with Acute Hepatitis E Virus Infection Ann Intern Med. 2007;147:28-33.
[3]. Dr. Udayakumar Navaneethan,Dr. Mayar Al Mohajer Hepatitis E and Pregnancy- `Understanding the pathogenesis, Liver Int. 2008 November ; 28(9): 1190–1199.
[4]. Christophe Renou, Vincent Gobert. Prospective study of Hepatitis E Virus infection
[5]. among pregnant women in France Renou et al. Virology Journal 2014, 11:68

Keywords: Metabolic syndrome is wide spread among adult population in the world and which is increasing with age. This study was done to know the relation-ship of left ventricular hypertrophy to chronic hypertension in middle aged women and men of metabolic syndrome.

[1]. Meijs MF, De Windt LJ, De Jonge N, et al. Left ventricular hypertrophy: a shift in paradigm? Curr Med Chem 2007; 14:157-171.
[2]. Kannel WB, Levy D, Cupples LA. Left ventricular hypertrophy and risk of cardiac failure: insights from the Framingham Study. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1987; 10(Suppl 6):S135-140.
[3]. Levy D, Garrison RJ, Savage DD, et al. Prognostic implications of echocardiographically determined left ventricular mass in the Framingham Heart Study. N Engl J Med 1990; 322:1561-1566.
[4]. Brown DW, Giles WH, Croft JB. Left ventricular hypertrophy as a predictor of coronary heart disease mortality and the effect of hypertension. Am Heart J 2000; 140:848-850.
[5]. Arnold JM, Yusuf S, Young J, et al. Prevention of Heart Failure in Patients in the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) Study. Circulation 2003; 107:1284-1290.

Keywords: Lots of variations as well as unusual communications between the various branches of mandibular nerve is frequently found on dissection. But these anatomical variations have not been conclusively described in the anatomical & surgical literature. These communications and variations frequently accounts for the failure to obtain adequate anesthetic effect in routine oral and dental procedure and also for unexpected injury to the branches of the nerve during surgery, it may cause refractory neuralgia also. During our routine dissection we found the presence of a communicating branch between inferior alveolar nerve and auriculotemporal nerve and also bilateral communicating branch between mylohyoid nerve and lingual nerve in a middle aged male cadaver. We have also discussed its clinical and surgical implications in this report.

[1]. Berkovitz BK. Infratemporal region and temporomandibular joint. In: Standring S, editor. Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical besis of Clinical practice. 39th ed. Edinburgh: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 2005:526-530.
[2]. Siessere S, Hallak Regalo SC, Semprini M, et al. Anatomical variations of the mandibular nerve and its branches correlated to clinical situations. Minerva Stomatol 2009;58:209-15.
[3]. Thotakura B, Rajendran SS, Gnanasundaram V, Subramaniam A. Variations in the posterior division branches of the mandibular nerve in human cadavers. Singapore Med J. 2013;54(3):149-151. Doi: 10.11622/smedj.2013051
[4]. Bhardwaj N, Sahni P, Singhvi A, Nayak M, Tiwari V. Anomalous bilateral communication between the inferior alveolar nerve and the auriculotemporal nerve. Malays J Med Sci. sep-oct 2014:21(5):71-74.
[5]. REN M, MU L, Intrinsic properties of the adult human mylohyoid muscle: neural organization, fibre-type distribution, and myosin heavy chain expression, Dysphagia, 2005, 20(3): 182-194.

Keywords: Microalbuminuria is considered as the earliest clinical evidence of diabetic nephropathy at which appropriate intervention can retard, or reverse, the progression of the disease including microvascular and microvascular complications of diabetes. Without specific interventions, 20–40% of type 2 diabetic patients with Microalbuminuria progress to overt nephropathy.

[1]. Michael J. Fowler,MD, Diabetes: Magnitude and Mechanisms, CLINICAL DIABETES • Volume 25, Number 1, 2007) (Richard Sicree, Jonathan Shaw, Paul Zimmet Baker, The Global Burden, Diabetes and Impaired Glucose Tolerance, IDF Diabetes Atlas fourth edition, 2009).
[2]. Richard Sicree, Jonathan Shaw, Paul Zimmet Baker, The Global Burden, Diabetes and Impaired Glucose Tolerance, IDF Diabetes Atlas fourth edition, 2009).
[3]. Global Prevalence of Diabetes, Sarah wild, Gojka roglic, Anders green, Richard sicree, Hilary king, Diabetes care, Volume 27, 1051, Number 5, May 2004
[4]. Mani M.K. Prevention of chronic renal failure at community level. Kidney Int. suppl 2003 (83), S86 – 89.

Keywords: Osteoporosis is a metabolic disorder of bone that is characterized by low bone mineral density and deterioration of micro-architecture of the bone tissue leading to increased skeletal fragility and increased fracture risk. The increased risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women is explained by biochemical markers of bone turnover and bone mineral density which help in early identification of women who are at increased risk of fractures. The objective of the study was to analyze biochemical markers of bone turnover and bone mineral density measurements by Bone densitometer (using T-score) among postmenopausal women in comparison to premenopausal women.

[1]. Komaroff AL, Nicholson CR, WooB. 14th ed. Newyork (NY): MCGraw Hill;1998. Harrison's principle of internal medicine.
[2]. Nelson HD, Haney E, Humphrey L, Miller J, Nedrew A, Nicolaidis, et al. United States of America Agency for Health care Research and quality;2005. Management of Menopause –Related symptoms.
No 120; PP 1-6.
[3]. Madhuri V, Keerthi reddy M. Osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. A case control study. Journal of the Indian Academy of Geriatrics 2010; 6: 14-7.
[4]. Hla MM, Davis HM, Ross PD, et al. Relation between body composition and biochemical markers of bone turnover among early postmenopausal women. J clin Densitom 2000;3: 365-71.
[5]. Riis BJ, The role of bone turnover in the pathophysiology of osteoporosis Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1996; 103:9-15.
[6]. Gupta A. Osteoporosis in India- The Nutritional hypothesis. Nati Med J Ind 1996; 9(6):268-74.

Keywords: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined as spectrum of liver disease ranging from simple steatosis to steato-hepatitis (NASH). The microbiome-host interactions shape a number of phenomenon that occur in human body. The mechanism of interaction between host and the gut microbiota is complex in nature. The gut microbiota has many other important functions beyond the role in modulating immune response. These include maintenance of gut barrier integrity and other metabolic functions especially generation of short chain fatty acids from complex indigestible carbohydrates.

[1]. Shanahan, F. The gut microbiota in 2011: Translating the microbiota to medicine. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2011. 9(2): p. 72-4.
[2]. Sekirov, I., et al., Gut microbiota in health and disease. Physiol Rev, 2010. 90(3): p. 859-904.
[3]. O'Hara, A.M. and F. Shanahan. Gut microbiota: mining for therapeutic potential. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2007. 5(3): p. 274-84.
[4]. Kalliomaki, M.A. and W.A. Walker. Physiologic and pathologic interactions of bacteria with gastrointestinal epithelium. Gastroenterol Clin North Am, 2005. 34(3): p. 383-99, vii.
[5]. Xu, J., et al. A genomic view of the human-Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron symbiosis. Science, 2003. 299(5615): p. 2074-6.
[6]. Macpherson, A.J. and T. Uhr. Induction of protective IgA by intestinal dendritic cells carrying commensal bacteria. Science, 2004. 303(5664): p. 1662-5.

Keywords: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate biocompatibility of the binders 'ZB58' and the starch powder 'ZP15e' used by the Z510 colour printer for printing soft tissue facial prostheses. Materials and Methods: Biocompatibility was investigated by testing four binders and the powder at three concentrations on two cell lines (ROS - osteoblasts and L929 - fibroblasts). The binders and the powder were exposed to the cells for 3, 5 and 7 days, after which the cells were treated with 10% Alamar Blue. Binder and powder toxicity was measured as a comparison against the uninfected media only cell control.

[1]. Williams, D., Definitions in biomaterials. Amsterdam: Elsevier website, 1987.
[2]. Kammula, R.G. and J.M. Morris, Considerations for the Biocompatibility Evaluation of Medical Devices. Medical Plastics and Biomaterials, 2001
[3]. Anna Bogdali, I.M., Agata Stalmach-Przygoda, Kinga Kocemba, Krystyna Obtułowicz, Jadwiga Stypułkowska, Towards a creation of an in vitro procedure for testing biocompatibility of materials used in endodontic microsurgery. a Journal of Laboratory Diagnostics, 2011. 47(3): p. 301-307.
[4]. Fields, R.D. and M.V. Lancaster, Dual-attribute continuous monitoring of cell proliferation/cytotoxicity. Am Biotechnol Lab, 1993. 11(4): p. 48-50
[5]. Ahmed, S.A., R.M. Gogal, Jr., and J.E. Walsh, A new rapid and simple non-radioactive assay to monitor and determine the proliferation of lymphocytes: an alternative to [3H]thymidine incorporation assay. J Immunol Methods, 1994. 170(2): p. 211-24.
[6]. Lam, C.X.F., et al., Scaffold development using 3D printing with a starch-based polymer. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2002. 20(1): p. 49-56.

Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus is the most non- communicable disease in the world .Renal complication are one of the major complication apart from cardiovascular , neurological & retinal complication .Due to increase population , rapid urbanization sedentary life style & increase prevalence of obesity , it has become a major health hazard .A total of 60 diabetes type 2 patients and 60 controls of both sexin the age group 35 – 75 years were included in the study . We observed that 58.3% of DM type 2 showed elevated serum urea levels and 50% showed elevated serum creatinine levels. P value(<0.05) was found to be stastically significant..

Key Words: Diabetes, Blood urea, Creatinine, Glucose.

[1]. Alberti, K.G and P.Z Zimmet, (1998): Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications Part 1, Diagnosis and classification of Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetic Medicine, 15,539-553
[2]. Idonije, B.O., Festus O. and Moluba O. (2011) Research Journal of Medical Sciences, 5(1), 1-3
[3]. Wild S.H., Roglic G., Sicree R., Green A. and King H(2004): Global Burden of Diabetes mellitus in the Year 2000. [online] Available from: http://www3.who. int/whosis/menu.cfm?path=evidence,burden,burden— gbd 2000 docs&language=English
[4]. Mehta R.S., Karki P. and Sharma S.K. (2006): Risk factors, associated health problems, reasons for admission and knowledge profile of diabetes patients admitted in BPKIHS. Kathmandu University MedicalJournal; 4(1), 11-3.
[5]. Shoback, David G. G and Dolores (2011). Greenspan's basic & clinical endocrinology,9(1),17

Keywords: Globally ticks are the important arthropod vectors for transmission of numerous infectious agents and are responsible for causing human and animal diseases. Tick bite is responsible for many disease in India. Most common are kyasanur forest disease, and carimean-congo hemorrhagic fever that have ocular manifestation also. Tick infestation of lower eyelid in humans is very rare condition. We reported a case of 62 year old Indian male who presented with tick infestation of lower eyelid margin.

[1]. Sonenshine DE. Biology of ticks. Vol 1. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.
[2]. Burgdorfer W, Barbour AG, Hayes SF, Benach JL, Grunwaldt E, Davis JP. Lyme disease – a tick-borne spirochetosis. Science. 1982; 216:1317- 1319.
[3]. Parola P, Raoult D. Ticks and tickborne bacterial diseases in humans: an emerging infectious threat. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2001;32:897-928.
[4]. Pitches DW. Removal of ticks: a review of the literature. Euro Surveill 2006; 17; 11: E060817.4.
[5]. Yadav PD, Gurav YK, Mistry M, Shete AM, Sarkale P, Deoshatwar AR, Unadkat VB, Kokate P, Patil DY, Raval DK, Mourya DT. Emergence of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Amreli District of Gujarat State,India, June to July 2013. Int. J. Infect. Dis. 2013 Jan;18:97-1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2013.09.019 - accessed 15 March 2014.

Keywords: periodontal disease is usually a bacterial inflammatory disease in nature. Starting from gingivitis, if untreated it will progress to the surrounding structure of the teeth and end up with tooth loss. The early diagnosis of periodontal disease is a prerequisite for establishing successful treatment plan. The PSR assessment for every new patient may provide a plenty of information about the severity and extent of the disease within short time and easiest way.

[1]. Socransky S, Haffajee A, Goodson J, Lindhe J. New concepts of destructive periodontal disease.J ClinPeriodontol. 1984;11(1):21-32.
[2]. World Health Organization.Oral Health Unit.Oral health for the 21st century. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1994.
[3]. Ziebolz D, Szabadi I, Rinke S, Hornecker E, Mausberg R. Initial periodontal screening and radiographic findings - A comparison of two methods to evaluate the periodontal situation. BMC Oral Health. 2011;11(1):3.
[4]. Darby I, Angkasa F, Duong C, Ho D, Legudi S, Pham K et al. Factors influencing the diagnosis and treatment of periodontal disease by dental practitioners in Victoria. Aust Dental J. 2005;50(1):37-41.
[5]. Primal K, Esther S, Boehm T. Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR) Index Scores Predict Periodontal Diagnosis. Journal of Dental Applications. 2015;1(1):8-12.
[6]. Landry R, Jean M. Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR) Index: precursors, utility and limitations in a clinical setting. International Dental Journal. 2002;52(1):35-40.

Keywords: Liposarcoma" this aggressive sounding word projects to a spectrum of neoplasm that ranges from lesions that are fundamentally benign to those that are malignant. There is no proper literature on incidence of liposarcoma in Asian countries but on a whole, it is one of the commonest soft tissue tumours. It accounts for approximately 20 – 25% of adult soft tissue sarcoma with its predisposition towards males and a peak onset of age between 50 and 70 years of life1.

[1]. Liposarcoma: Incidence and survival rates in England, (n.d.). http://www.ncin.org.uk/publications/data_briefings/liposarcoma_incidence_and_survival_rates_in_england
[2]. Peterson JJ, Kransdorf MJ, Bancroft LW, O'Connor MI. Malignant fatty tumors: classification, clinical course, imaging appearance and treatment. Skeletal Radiology 2003; 32: pp 493-503.
[3]. Enzinger FM and Weiss SW eds. Liposarcoma. In Soft Tissue Tumors, Third Edition. St. Louis, 1995, Mosby, pp 431-66.
[4]. Weiss SW, Rao VK. Well-differentiated liposarcoma (atypical lipoma) of the deep soft tissues of the extremities, retroperitoneum and miscellaneous sites: a follow-up study of 92 cases with analysis of "dedifferentiation." Am J Surg Pathol 1992; 16: pp 1051-1058
[5]. Dei Tos AP. Liposarcoma: new entities and evolving concepts. Ann Dian Pathol 2000; 4: pp 252-266.

Keywords: This study was undertaken to determine the effect of tamarind fruit paste on the rate of wound healing. A total of ten rabbits were used for the experiment. These were divided into two groups of five rabbits each. Square wounds were made at the lumbar region of each rabbit and to the wounds of the rabbits in group 2, approximately 5ml of tamarind paste was applied; nothing was applied to the wound of animals in group 1 which served as the control group. The wound in each animal was measured daily by using a vernier caliper and tracing paper for a period of 21 days.

[1]. Slatter, H. S., Philadelphia textbook of small animal surgery (W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1985) Vol. 1, pp29-34
[2]. McDonald, J. and Geyer, (2010) Wound and Lymphoedema Management, World Health Organization Publication, W.H.O. Press, Geneva, Switzerland. pp13-23
[3]. Onuminya, J. E., and Onuminya, D. S., Results of Open Wound Technique in the Treatment of Post Sequestrectomy Dead Space, South African Journal of Surgery, 46(1), 2008
[4]. Mawera, G., Mutseekwa, D. and Asala, S. A., Effects of an Ashed (MEND) Powder on Deep Wound Healing: a preliminary Study in Guinea Pigs. East African Journal 74(8) 1994, pp495-498.
[5]. Morton, J. F., (1958) The Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) Its Food, Medicinal and Industrial Uses, Florida State Horticultural Society pp203-225.

Keywords: Aim: to study the clinical presentation ,associated anomalies, management and outcome of children with duodenal webs over a period of 14 years in our department and review of literature Materials and methods: It is a retrospective study of 13 children with duodenal webs were managed between 2000 to 2014 in our department of ped.surgery. The hospital records were retrieved and analysed.

[1]. Harry Applebaum,Steven L Lee,and Devin P.Puaong. Duodenal atresia and Stenosis-Annular pancreas. In: Grosfelf JL, O' Neill JA Jr, Coran AG, Fonkalsrud EW, (ed). Pediatric Surgery, 6th edn. St. Louis: Mosby Elsevier. 2006:p 1260-68.
[2]. Escobar MA, Ladd AP, Grosfeld JL, West KW, Rescorla FJ, Scherer LR 3rd, et al. Duodenal atresia and stenosis: long-term follow-up over 30 years. J Pediatr Surg. 2004;39:867-71; 867-71.
[3]. Fonkalsrud EW, DeLorimier AA, Hays DM. Congenital atresia and stenosis of the duodenum. A review compiled from the members of the Surgical Section of the American Academy of Pediatrics. Pediatrics. 1969 ;43:79-83.
[4]. Waever E, Neilsen OH, Arnbjornsson E, Kullendorff CM. Operative management of duodenal atresia. Pediatr Surg Int. 1995; 10: 322-4.
[5]. Krieg EG. Duodenal diaphragm. Ann Surg. 1937; 106:33-41.

Keywords: The human foot shows great variation in length, width and height in males and females due to genetic, natural and environmental factors; and it has anthropological, clinical and forensic importance. The aim of the study was to measure the anthropometric parameters of foot of adult males and females Ga'anda people, to find out racial characteristics of their own, determine their difference and to classify their foot shapes. The study was carried out on sixty five (65) male and sixty five (65) female adult Ga'anda people. Foot length, foot breadth and foot height was measured.

[1]. Patel SM, Shah GV, Patel SV. Estimation of height from measurements of foot length in Gujrat Region. India Journal of the Anatomical Society 2007; 56(1): 2121-25.
[2]. Krishan K, Sharma A. 'Estimation of Stature from Dimensions of Hands and Feet in a North Indian Population', Journal Forensic Legal Med, 2007; 14:327-332.
[3]. Shaifaly Medan Rustagi, Patnaik W Gopichand, Sanjeev Thakyal. A Study of Foot Anthropometry in Right Footed Indian Population. Medicolegal – update, 2013; (1)130-35
[4]. Sultan Ahmed, Afruza Bulbul Akhte, Selina Anwar, AnjumAra Begum, KhalilurRahman, Narayan Chandra Saha. Comparison of the Foot Height, Length, Breadth and Types between Santhal and Bangalees of Pirganj, Ranpur. Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy. 2013;11( 1): 30 – 33.
[5]. Tsung BUS, Zhang M, Fan YB, Boone AD. Quantitative comparison of planter foot shapes under Different Weight Bearing Conditions. JRRD, 2003: 527-26.

Keywords: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a soft tissue malignant tumor which arises from primitive mesenchymal cells and is diagnosed in first two decades of life.It is a rare tumor in children but the most common cause of malignant obstructive jaundice in them. We report a second case of rhabdomyosarcoma of the extrahepatic bile ducts in a 6-year-old boy who presented with abdominal pain and obstructive jaundice. He was diagnosed as choledochal cyst on imaging studies. The RMS was diagnosed at laparotomy and confirmed on histopathology .

[[1]. V.Kumar, S.Chaudhary M.Kumar, A.N. Gangopadhyay Rhabdomyosarcoma of Biliary Tract— a Diagnostic Dilemma Indian J Surg Oncol. 2012 Dec; 3(4): 314–316. [2]. N. Sanz • L. de Mingo • E Fl6rez • V. Rollfin Rhabdomyosarcoma of the biliary tree Pediatr Surg Int (1997) 12:200-201 [3]. Ali S, Russo MA, Margraf L. Biliary rhabdomyoscarcoma mimicking choledochal cyst. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2009;18:95–97. [4]. Stanley P, Roebuck DJ, Yang WT, Lam WWM (1998) Hepatobiliary rhabdomyosarcoma in children: diagnostic radiology. Pediatr Radiol 28:101-8. [5]. Roebuck DJ, Yang WT, Lam WM, Stanley P. Hepatobiliary rhabdomyosarcoma in children: Diagnostic radiology. Pediatr Radiol 1998;28:101-8. [6]. Donnelly LF, Bisset GS, Frush DP. Diagnosis please. Case 2: Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the biliary free. Radiology 1998;208:621-3.

Keywords: Kimura's disease is a rare chronic benign disorder, presenting as an asymptomatic tumour like subcutaneous swelling, usually located in the head and neck region and is more prevalent among young adult males of Asian origin. It exhibits the clinical triad of a painless head or neck mass, eosinophilia, and an elevated IgE level. Here, we present a case report of this rare entity. Keywords: Kimura's Disease, Eosinophilia, Parotid Gland, Lymphadenopathy, Angiolymphoid hyperplasia

[1]. Kimura T, Yoshimura S, Ishikawa E. On the unusual granulation combined with hyperplastic changes of lymphatic tissues. Trans Soc Pathol Jpn. 1948;37:179-80.
[2]. Larroche C, Bletry O (Feb 2005). Kimura's disease. Retrieved from http://www.orpha.net/data/patho/GB/uk-kimura.pdf;
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Keywords: I know about the top most secret matter of the militants. All militants are exceptional clone. The process of cloning will never be disclosed by the militants. Jinn/Fairy is one kind of species. I have seen the Jinn/Fairy many times. Some men know. Some men have seen the Jinn/Fairy. Jinn is male and fairy is female. Jinn/Fairy can take shape of any man. Then can't see in day light, do not have any teeth in mouth, no nails hands and legs fingers. Then in the thumb there is one bone in phalanges. They have total 204 bones in the body. They can speak like any human voice. Militants cloning at their clone factory. Jinn/Fairy have the shape of the man whom is to be training for clone.

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