iosr-JDMS   Volume-14 ~ Issue-8 ~ August-2015

Keywords: A study was undertaken to compare the serum uric acid level in gestational hypertension, preeclampsia and normal pregnancy. The hospital based study consisted of three groups – case groupI(n=50),with women having gestational hypertension, case groupII (n=50),with women having preeclampsia and control group(n=50), with normal pregnant women. The subjects in the three groups were of more than 20 weeks of gestation and age group 20-35 years. Serum level of uric acid was measured by fully automated analyser Vitros 250 using Vitros reagent pack.

[1]. P.Kumar,J.B.Sharma,Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy,JIMSA,23(4),2010,Oct-Dec,261-267.
[2]. B.M.Sibai, Diagnosis and Managementof Gestational hypertension and Preeclampsia, Obstet.Gynaecol.,102(1),2003,Jul,181-192.
[3]. M.D. Lindheimer, S.J. Taler, F.G. Cunningham, Journal of the American Society of Hypertension, 2(6),2008,484-494.
[4]. J.Uzan, M.Crbonnel, O.Piconne, R.Asmar, Jean-Mare,Ayoube, Preeclampsia: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management, Journal of Vascular Health and Risk Management,2011:7,467-474.
[5]. J.M.Slemons,L.J.Bogert,The uric acid content of maternal and fetal blood,J.Biol.Chem,32,1917,63-69.
[6]. L.S.Voto, R.Illia, H.A.Darbon-Grosso, F.U.Imaz, M.Margulies, Uric acid levels : a useful index of the severity of preeclampsia and perinatal prognosis.J.Perinat Med.16,1988,123-126.
[7]. K.N.Percira, C.K.Knoppka, J.E.da Silva, Association between uric acid and severity of preeclampsia,Clin.Lab,60(2),2014,309-314, PMID:24660546.

Keywords: Atopic eruption of pregnancy (AEP) or prurigo of pregnancy (PP) may be very distressing to some mothers because of intense itching, aggressive in nature and difficulty in managing the symptoms. However it usually regresses very well following delivery without any known adverse maternal or foetal outcome. Here we present a typical case of atopic dermatitis in pregnancy that flared up extensively which is rare and spread to the whole body during pregnancy that resolved spontaneously following delivery. Keywords: Atopic, delivery, dermatitis, pregnancy, prurigo.

[1]. Resende C, Braga A, Vieira AP and Brito C. Atopic Eruption of Pregnancy: A Recent, but Controversial Classification. Austin J Dermatolog 2014;1(3):id1011.
[2]. Pãunescu M, Feier V, Pãunescu M, Dorneanu F, Sisak A, et al. Dermatoses of pregnancy. Acta Dermatoven APA 2008;17(1):4-11.
[3]. Sachdeva S. The Dermatoses of Pregnancy. Indian J Dermatol 2008;53(3):103-5.
[4]. Ambros-Rudolph CM. Dermatoses of Pregnancy - Clues to Diagnosis, Fetal Risk and Therapy. Ann Dermatol 2011;23:265-75.
[5]. Puri N and Puri A. A study on dermatoses of pregnancy. Our Dermatol Online 2013;4(1):56-60.
[6]. Schneider L, Tilles S, Lio P, Boguniewicz M, Beck L, LeBovidge J, et al. Atopic dermatitis: A practice parameter update 2012. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013;131:295-9.

Keywords: Objective: To study caesarean section rate among doctors in S.V. Medical College, Tirupati. The rising rate of caesarean section may be due to Bio-Sociological effect but not due to commercialisation. Hence present study is under taken. Study Subjects And Methods: Women doctors in S.V. Medical College, Tirupathi,were selected between 18-45years of age who were willing to answer the preformed survey questionnaire during Feb-May 2015 .

[1]. World Health Organization. Appropriate technology for birth. Lancet 1985; 2 (8452): 436-7
[2]. Mastaki J Kambale Social predictors of caesarean section births in Italy,Afr Health Sci. 2011 December; 11(4): 560–565.
[3]. Ghosh Sancheeta and K.S James. (2010). "Levels and Trends in Caesarean Births: Cause for Concern?" Economic & Political Weekly (2010), Vol. XLV, NO.5 [4]. S. Sreevidya and B.W.C. Sathiyasekaran High caesarean rates in Madras (India): a population-based cross sectional study BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology Volume 110, Issue 2, pages 106–111, February 2003
[5]. Bruekens P (2001). Over-medicalization of maternal care in developing countries. In Brouwere VD and Lerberghe WV (ed.). Safe Motherhood Strategies: A Review of the Evidence. Antwerp: ITG Press

Keywords: Penetrating injuries are present in 5-10% of all trauma cases. Many kinds of materials such as knife, bullet, metallic rod, pencil, fragments of glass, wooden stick etc can cause penetrating injuries 1.Foreign bodies are often encountered by plastic surgeons and may present a diagnostic challenge to the surgeon due to many factors such as the size of the object, the difficult access and a close anatomical relationship of the foreign body to vital structures. Here is a rare case of retained knife in the face.

[1]. Maisel HM, Hom DB. Penetrating trauma to the neck. In: Cummings CW, Fredrickson JM, Harker LA, Krause CJ, Richardson MA, Schuller DE, editors. Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. St louis: Mosby, 1998:1707-20.
[2]. Cohen MA, Boyes-Varley G. Penetrating injuries to the maxillofacial region. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1986;44:197Y202
[3]. Jett HH, Van-Hoy JM, Hamit HF. Clinical and socioeconomic aspects of 254 admissions for stab and gunshot wounds. J Trauma 1972;12:577Y580
[4]. Kreutz RW, Bear SH. Selective emergency arteriography in cases of penetrating maxillofacial trauma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1985;60:18Y22
[5]. Jarrahy R, Cha ST, Shahinian HK. Retained foreign body in the orbit and cavernous sinus with delayed presentation of superior orbital fissure syndrome: case report. J Craniofacial Surg 2001;12:82Y86..

Keywords: The choice of a suitable prosthesis for a specific case is determined to a great extent by the number, position and salvageability of the existing teeth as well as the mucosa and underlying residual bone. Also of significance are the expectations and demands of the patient from the prosthesis. Treating a patient with a long span partially edentulous situation can be challenging especially when multiple teeth are missing. Successful restoration of such situation can be done with various conventional and contemporary treatment options. One such treatment modality is attachment-retained over denture.

[1]. Crum RJ, Loiselle RJ, Oral perception and proprioception: A review of the literature and its significance to prosthodontics, J Prosthet Dent; 1972;28: 215–230.
[2]. Cristian Schuch,a Aline Pinheiro de Moraes, Rafael Sarkis-Onofre,c Tatiana Pereira-Cenci, and Noéli Boscato, An alternative method for the fabrication of a root-supported overdenture: A clinical report J Prosthet Dent 2013;109:1-4)
[3]. Basker RM, Harrison A, Ralph JP. Overdentures in general dental practice. Part 5—the use of copings and attachments. Br Dent J 1983;155: 9-13.
[4]. Zamikoff II. Overdentures--theory and technique, J Am Dent Assoc; 1973;86: 853-7.
[5]. Scotti R, Melilli D, Pizzo G. Overdenture supported by natural teeth: Analysis of clinical Advantages, Minerva Stomatol ; 2003;52:201-10

Keywords: A rare case of synchronous papillary carcinoma of thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC) and thyroid gland in a 27 year old lady is presented here. After confirming the diagnosis, total thyroidectomy with appropriate lymph node dissection and excision of the thyroglossal duct cyst including middle third of hyoid bone and excision of the duct up to foramen caecum was done through a single cosmetic neck incision. Post-operatively, radioactive iodine therapy was given for ablation of residual tumor. Follow up till 18 months after the surgery showed no evidence of recurrence.

[1]. Allard RHB ,The thyroglossal cyst, Head Neck Surg. 5, 1982, 134–136
[2]. Heshmati HM, Fatourechi V, van Heerden JA, Hay I.D, Goellner JR, Thyroglossal duct carcinoma: report of 12 cases. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 72(4), 1997, 315–319.
[3]. Zivaljevic V, Bozic V, Papillary Carcinoma in a Thyroglossal Duct Cyst. Acta chir belg. 106, 2006, 252-253
[4]. Balalaa N, Megahed M, Ashari MA, Branicki F, Thyroglossal Duct Cyst Papillary Carcinoma. Case Reports in Oncology. 4(1), 2011, 39-43. doi:10.1159/000324405
[5]. Weiss SD and Orlich CC, Primary papillary carcinoma of a thyroglossal duct cyst: Report of a case and literature review. Br J Surg. 78, 1991, 87–89
[6]. Uchermann H, Otolaryngologischer Verein in Christiania. Int Centralbl Laryngol Rhinol Verwandte Wissenschaften. 31, 1915, 97

Keywords: Introduction: Older adults constitute a considerable and growing part of the Indian population. Normal levels of haemoglobin are associated with better survival. Anaemia is common among the elderly and it becomes more so with advancing decades. Aim of the study: To analyze the immediate and delayed verbal memory status among older adult population in Chennai aged between 50 – 65 years and its relationship with differing levels of Haemoglobin.

[1]. Atti AR, Palmer K, Volpato S et al: Anaemia increases the risk of dementia in cognitively intact elderly. Neurobiol Aging. 2006; 27:278–84.

[2]. Chaves, P. H., Carlson, M. C., Ferrucci, L., Guralnik, J. M., Semba, R., & Fried, L. P. (2006). Association between Mild Anaemia and Executive Function Impairment in Community‐Dwelling Older Women: The Women's Health and Aging Study II. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 54(9), 1429-1435.

[3]. David L; 2003; Medical and Functional Consequences of Anaemia in the Elderly; Journal of the American Geriatrics Society Volume 51 - Issue 3s; pages 10 – 13.

[4]. Denny, S Kuchibhatla, M. N., & Cohen, H. J. (2006). Impact of anemia on mortality, cognition, and function in community-dwelling elderly. The American journal of medicine, 119(4), 327-334.

[5]. Gary E. Gibson; 1981; Decreases in Amino Acid and Acetylcholine Metabolism during Hypoxia; Journal of Neurochemistry; Volume 37; Issue 1; Pages 192 – 201.

Keywords: Aim- Whenever there is a loss of single anterior tooth the implant retained prosthesis is a preferred option. However, deficient bone in the region of implant placement restricts this modality. With the advancement of techniques and materials the possibility of successfully restoring such compromised cases with implant retained prosthesis is now possible.

[1]. Guess PC, Att W, Strub JR, Zirconia in fixed implant prosthodontics. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2012; 14:633-45.
[2]. Glauser R, Sailer I, Wohlwend A, Studer S, Schibli M, Scharer P, Experimental zirconia abutments for implant-supported single-tooth restorations in esthetically demanding regions: 4-year results of a prospective clinical study. Int J Prosthodont 2004; 17:285-90.
[3]. Declan Byrne, Frank Houston, The fit of cast and premachined implant abutments. J Prosthet Dent 1998; 80:184-92.
[4]. Priest G, Virtual-designed and computer milled implant abutments. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2005; 63: 22-32
[5]. Lewis S, Beumer J 3d, Hornburg W, Moy P. The "UCLA" abutment. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1988; 3:183-9.

Keywords: Gingival melanin hyperpigmentation is a major esthetic concern for many people. Melanin pigmentation is known to be caused by melanin granules within the gingival epithelium. Though it is not a medical pathology, many people complain of dark gums as unesthetic.Various depigmentation techniques have been employed, such as scalpel technique, gingivectomy, gingivectomy with free gingival autografting, cryosurgery, electrosurgery, chemical agents such as 90% phenol and 95% alcohol, abrasion with diamond burs, Nd:YAG laser, semiconductor diode laser, and CO2 laser.In the present case, two techniques namely; scalpel technique and diode laser technique for gingival depigmentation have been performed so as to compare and evaluate the two techniques.

[1]. Cockings JM, Savage NW. Minocycline and oral pigmentation. Aust Dent J. 1998;43:14–6.

[2]. Sushma L, Yogesh D, Marawarc PP. Management of gingival hyperpigmentation using surgical blade and diode laser therapy: A comparative study. J Oral Laser Appl. 2009;9:41–7.

[3]. Martin FH, Timmons MJ, Mc Kinley MP. Human Anatomy. 7th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall; 2012. [4]. Dummet CO. First symposium on oral pigmentation. J Periodontol. 1960;31:345–85.

[5]. Cicek Y, Ertaş U. The normal and pathological pigmentation of oral mucous membrane: A review. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2003;4:76–86.

[6]. Pontes AE, Pontes CC, Souza SL, Novaes AB, Jr, Grisi MF, Taba M., Jr Evaluation of the efficacy of the acellular dermal matrix allograft with partial thickness flap in the elimination of gingival melanin pigmentation. A comparative clinical study with 12 months of follow-up. J EsthetRestor Dent. 2006;18:135–43.

Keywords: Inguinal herniorrhaphy remains one of the most common general surgical operations and is considered the only acceptable method for treatment of inguinal hernias [1]. Inguinal hernia repair is associated with different possible complications such as infection, bleeding, recurrence, scrotal swelling and nerve damage [2]. Scrotal oedema and haematoma are cause of significant morbidity after various types' of inguinoscrotal surgeries. Various types of scrotal support have been in use, with varying degrees of success in preventing such complications [3 ]. Recent advances in surgical techniques and equipments claims to have less complications but cannot be completely avoided. Small penoscrotal hematoma is common complication and can be easily managed conservatively with rest and scrotal support

[1]. Saber A, Ellabban GM, Gad MA and Elsayem K. Open preperitoneal versus anterior approach for recurrent inguinal hernia: a randomized study. BMC Surgery 2012, 12:22 doi:10.1186/1471-2482-12-22

[2]. Shah DK and Sagar J. Massive penoscrotal haematoma following inguinal hernia repair: a case report. J Med Case Report . 2008 , 2:327 doi:10.1186/1752-1947-2-357

[3]. Forte A, D'Urso A, Gallinaro LS, Lo Storto G, Bosco MR, Vietri F, Beltrami V. [Complications of inguinal hernia repair] G Chir. 2002;23:88–92.

[4]. Deore P and Mistry R. Inguinal hernia surgery (repair) with rare complication large (huge) penoscrotal hematoma I JHBR. 2015; 3(2): 60-62

[5]. Aly Saber, Goda M Ellabban, Mohammad A Gad and Karam Elsayem. Open preperitoneal versus anterior approach for recurrent inguinal hernia: a randomized study. BMC Surgery 2012, 12:22 doi:10.1186/1471-2482-12-22

[6]. Shah J, Middleton S, Derodra J: Massive scrotal haematoma: a complication of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Int J Clin Pract 2001, 55:722.

Keywords: Claims about superiority of self- ligating (SL) brackets over the conventional (CL) ones have been escalating with minimal evidence based supporting studies. Aim: The aim of this clinical study was to compare both systems in affecting the alveolar bone thickness and the type of tooth movement produced during the leveling and alignment phase. Methods: A split mouth study design was conducted on 13 extraction cases using the SmartClip SL brackets on one side of the mouth and CL brackets on the other one. Leveling and alignment was achieved using four archwires. CBCT's were taken before and after alignment. Measurements of tooth crown and root movement as well as alveolar bone thickness at the canines, premolars and molar regions were performed.

[1]. Wildman AJ, Hice TL and Lane HM. Round Table: The Edgelok Bracket. Jour Clin Orthod. 1972; 6(11): 613- 633.
[2]. White L and Hanson H. JCO Interviews Dr. G. Herbert Hanson on the SPEED Bracket. Jour Clin Orthod. 1986; 20 (3): 183- 189.
[3]. Pletcher J. Cited from Berger J and Byloff FK. The Clinical Efficiency of Self-Ligated Brackets. J Clin Orthod. 2001; 35:304-8
[4]. Hamdan A and Rock P. The effect of different combinations of tip and torque on archwire/bracket friction. Eur J Orthod. 2008; 30: 508- 514.
[5]. Damon D.H. The Damon Low Friction Bracket. A Biologically Compatible Straight wire System. J Clin Orthod. 1998: 32:670-68o. Cited from: Berger J.Self ligation in the Year 2000. Jour Clin Orthod. 2000; 74- 81
[6]. McLaughlin RP, Bennett JC and Traversi HJ: http://creativity.3m.co.kr/Unitek/braces/down/SmartClip-Self-Ligating-Appliance-System-Technique-Guide.pdf.

Keywords: Introduction: Central Serous Chorioretinopathy is an idiopathic serous neural retinal detachment in the macular region causing unilateral blurring of vision and metamorphopsia. Risk factors associated with CSR includes type A personality, physical strain, emotional stress, vasoconstrictive agents, endogenous hypercortisolism, smoking, systemic corticosteroids (oral, intranasal & inhaled), psychopharmacological agents, alcohol, oral antibiotics, oral antihistamines, Cushing Syndrome, pregnancy, dialysis, organ transplant and SLE. The treatment of CSR is essentially observation for 4 to 6 months as it is essentially a benign and self-limited disorder, and treatment by photocoagulation is seldom needed in non resolving cases.

[1]. Prunte C, Flammer J. Chorodial capillary and venous congestion in central serous choroidopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1996;121:26-34.
[2]. Bouzas EA, Scott MH, Mastorakos G, et al. Central serous chorioretinopathy in endogenous hypercortisolism. Arch Ophthalmol. 1993;111:1229-33.
[3]. Haimovici R, Koh SS, Lehrfeld T, et al. Systemic factors associated with central serous chorioretinopathy: a case-control study. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Ophthalmology, New Orleans, 2001.
[4]. Polak BCP, Baarsma GS, Snyers B. Diffuse retinal pigment epitheliopathy complicating systemic corticosteroid treatment. Br J Ophthalmol. 1995;79:922-5.
[5]. Tittl MK, Spaide RF, Wong D, et al. Systemic findings associated with central serous chorioretinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1999;128:63-8.

Keywords: Compare the efficacy and tolerability of telmisartan versus enalapril in patients of stage-1 essential hypertension, according to JNC 7 classification. 2.Compare safety with each drug in study group. Materials and Methods: The present study protocol was approved by IEC. The randomized study of 12 weeks from January to March 2013 conducted on 60 newly diagnosed stage 1 hypertensive patients in between 20-65years of age. After taking written explained informed consent the patients are allocated into 2 groups. Group A (n = 30) were given Telmisartan 40mg Once Daily morning dose and Group B (n = 30) were given. Enalapril 10mg Once Daily morning dose. Complete blood picture, serum creatinine, blood urea, SGOT, SGPT urine analysis, ECG of all patients recorded at 0 and 12 weeks of study. Blood pressure was recorded at 0th, 4th, 8th, 12th weeks of study in sitting, standing and supine positions, mean of three taken for comparison.

[1]. Lango, Fauci, Kasper, Hauser,Tameson, Loscalzo- Harrison's principles of internal medicine-vol-2,part9,section 5,241 hypertensive vascular disorders
[2]. Goodman & Gillman's the Pharmacological basis of Therapeutics, 11th edition. New Delhi: The McGraw Hill Companies, 2008, section 5,chapter 32, hypertensive therapy p.no.546
[3]. Joseph.T.Dipiro,Robert L Talbert,Gary C Yee, Gary R Matzke,Barbara G Wells,L Michael Posey- Pharmacotherapy-A pathophysiologic approach, 7th edition,section 2,chapter 15, hypertension , p.no.139 [4]. Review article ,Journal of Human Hypertension (2004) 18, 73–78. doi:10.1038/sj.jhh.1001633 [5]. Lacourciere Y. The incidence of cough: a comparison of lisinopril, placebo and telmisartan, a novel angiotensin II antagonist. Telmisartan Cough Study Group. Int J Clin Pract 1999; 53: 99–103

Keywords: Background: Neurosyphilis, formerly a common cause of dementia, is now a rare condition in developed countries. However, syphilis remains common in many developing countries, where lack of early diagnosis and treatment of early syphilis have the chances of increasing neurosyphilis and prevalence of syphilitic dementia [1].

[1]. Nitrini R, Brandão de Paiva AR, Takada L T, Dement S M D B Did you rule out neurosyphilis? Dement Neuropsychol 2010 December;4(4):338-345 [2]. Sheila A. Lukehart, Syphilis, in Denis L. Kasper, Anthoni S. Fauci, Dan L. Longo,Loscalzo, Stephen L. Hauser, J. Larry Jameson (ed), Harrisons' principle of internal medicine,18th edition, Mc Graw Hill. 2008 P-1383- 1387 [3]. Zetola NM, Engelman J, Jensen TP, Klausner JD: Syphilis in the united Staes: an update for clinicians with an emphasis on HIV coinfection, Mayo Cli roc 2007, 82:1434 [4]. Roberts MC, Emsley RA: Psychiatric manifestations of neurosyphilis. South African Medical Journal 1992, 82:335–337 [5]. Nitrini R. The cure of one of the most frequent types of dementia: a historical parallel. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2005;19:156-158.

Keywords: In view of increasing number of penetrating thoracic or abdominal or combined injuries, this study has been chosen with reference to the patients presenting at Civil Hospitals Ahmedabad, affiliated with B.J. Medical college.This is a study of 25 cases. Age/Sex Incidence, Common viscera involved depending on site involved, operative procedures to be carried out according to viscera involved, Complications related to procedure and injuries, common cause of death have been highlighted in this study.

Keywords: Penetrating injuries to thorax, penetrating abdominal injuries, common cause of death in penetrating trauma, Complications related to penetrating trauma.

[1]. Swartz‟s principles of surgery,9th edition, chapter 7th,page no. 135-196
[2]. Sabiston‟s textbook of surgery,19th edition, section III, chapter 18,page no.430-470
[3]. Bailey and Love‟s short practice of surgery,26th edition, chapter 23-32,page no.306-434
[4]. Trauma manual by Peitzman, Rhodes, Schwab, Yealy, Fabian, 2nd edition (may 2002)
[5]. Trauma manual by Mattox, Felliciano, Moore, 5th edition (2004)
[6]. Maingot‟s abdominal operations, 11th edition, section 1- 5.

Keywords: To determine oral health literacy among institutionalized elderly south Indian population and correlate the effect of oral health literacy on their oral health status. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive epidemiological study was conducted on a sample of 450 institutionalized elderly subjects who were randomly selected from 10 institutions from two capital cities of two states selected by multistage sampling. Oral health literacy was assessed by making the subjects pronounce a list of 30 words from REALD-30. Oral health status was assessed using modified WHO (1997) proforma. Pearson's correlation was done to correlate oral health status with oral health literacy. Multiple linear regression analysis was done to assess the impact of various independent variables on oral health literacy.

[1]. Baker DW, Gazmararian JA, Sudano J, Patterson M. The association between age and health literacy among elderly persons. J Gerontol B PsycholSciSoc Sci. 2000; 55: S368–374
[2]. Nielsen Bohlman; Health literacy: a prescription to end confusion. Washington DC. The National Academies Press. 2004; p. 31–58.
[3]. Aruna Devi M, Sugandhi S, Radha, Sushi K, Nagashree, Pallavi. Reliability and validity of a questionnaire to assess oral health literacy among college students in Bangalore City. Int J Contemp Dent 2011; 2:43–49. [4]. Rudd R, Horowitz AM. The Role of Health Literacy in Achieving Oral Health for Elders. J Dent Educ. 2005; 69(9): 1018-1021
[5]. Situation Analysis of the Elderly in India. Central Statistics Office Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation Government of India. June 2011. http://mospi.nic.in/mospi_new/upload/elderly_in_india
[6]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Improving Health Literacy for Older Adults: Expert Panel Report 2009. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2009. http://www.cdc.gov/healthliteracy/pdf/olderadults.

Keywords: Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of Laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty (LAUP) in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea using pre and post operative polysomnography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessment, and to examine the subjective impact of LAUP on quality of life. Materials and Methods: A total of thirtyfour patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) were prospectively studied. Patients were evaluated by pre- and post-operative polysomnography and MRI in a tertiary care hospital. Means of BMI, ESS, AI, HI, AHI and min SaO2 before and after LAUP were compared. Means of minimum velopharyngeal lumen area, total pharyngeal wall width, total parapharyngeal fatpad area, soft palate length and area were also compared for both awake and asleep state before and after the surgery.

[1]. Young T, Palta M, Dempsey J, Skatrud J, Weber S, Badr S. The occurrence of sleep-disorder breathing among middle-aged adults. New England Journal of Medicine 1993; 328:1230-1235.
[2]. Young T, Peppard PE, Gottlieb DJ. Epidemiology of obstructive sleep apnoea: A population health perspective. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 165:1217-1239.
[3]. Woodson BT, Conley SF, Dohse A, Feroah TR, Sewall SR, Fujita S. Posterior cephalometric radiographic analysis in obstructive sleep apnea. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1997; 106:310-313.
[4]. Engelman HM, Martin SE, Douglas NJ. Compliance with CPAP therapy in patients with sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome. Thorax 1994; 49:263-266.
[5]. Reeves-Hoche MK, Meck R, Zwillich CW. Nasal CPAP: an objective evaluation of patient compliance. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994; 149:149-154.

Keywords: Introduction: The indications for resection and anastomosis of the unprepared colon are colon injuries, diverticulitis, sigmoid volvulus and obstructing colon malignancies. The new paradigm extends to questioning the value of mechanical bowel preparation for elective colon resection. Patients and methods: Primary resection and anastomosis were carried out in 46 cases and in the remaining 4 cases colostomy was performed because primary repair was judged to be neither technically acceptable nor safe.

[1]. Salinas-Aragón LE, Guevara-Torres L, Vaca-Pérez E, Belmares-Taboada JA, Ortiz-Castillo Fde G, Sánchez-Aguilar M.Primary closure in colon trauma. Cir Cir 2009; 77: 359-64.
[2]. Adesanya AA, Ekanem EE. A ten-year study of penetrating injuries of the colon. Dis Colon Rectum 2004; 47:2169-77.
[3]. Bulger EM, McMahon K, Jurkovich GJ. The morbidity of penetrating colon injury. Injury 2003; 34:41-6.
[4]. Tzovaras G, Hatzitheofilou C. New trends in the management of colonic trauma. Injury 2005; 36: 1011-5
[5]. Koksal H, Yildirim S, Celayir F, Cipe G, Baykan A, Mihmanli M, et al. A critical overview of surgical treatment methods of colorectal injuries. UlusTravmaDerg 2005; 11:121-7.
[6]. Hakim NS, Sarr MC, Bender CE, Nivatvongs S. Management of barium enema-induced colorectal perforation. Am Surg- 1992; 58( 11):673-676.

Keywords: Monochorionicmonoamniotic twins are a subtype in monozygotic twin pregnancy. These twins are rare, occurring in approximately 1 in 35,000 to 1 in 60,000 pregnancies. These twins are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Hence, with early diagnosis of chorionicity and amnionicity and its associated complications, the rate of fetal loss can be reduced. Intensified antenatal monitoring is required from 1st trimester onwards.

[1]. Murakoshi T, Ishii K, Matsushita M, Shinno T, Naruse H, Torii Y. Monochorionicmonoamniotic twin pregnancies with two yolk sacs may not be a rare finding: a report of two cases. Ultrasound ObstetGynecol2010; 36: 384-386.
[2]. Benirschke K. The biology of the twinning process: how placentation influences outcome. SeminPerinatol 1995; 19: 342-350.
[3]. Roque H, Gillen-Goldstein J, Funai E, Young BK, Lockwood CJ. Perinatal outcomes in monoamniotic gestations. J Matern-Fetal Neonat Med 2003; 13: 414-421.
[4]. Ezra Y, Shveiky D, Ophir E, Nadjari M, Eisenberg VH, Samueloff A, et al. Intensive management and early delivery reduce antenatal mortality in monoamniotic twin pregnancies. ActaObstetGynecol Scand 2005; 84: 432-435.
[5]. Ville Y, Hyett J, Hecher K, Nicolaides K. Preliminary experience with endoscopic laser surgery for sever twin twin transfusion syndrome. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 224-227.
[6]. Umur A, Van Gemert M, Nikkels P. Monoamniotic-versus diamniotic- monochorionic twin placentas: anastomoses and twin–twin transfusion syndrome. Am J ObstetGynecol 2003; 189: 1325-29.

Keywords: Primary tuberculous laryngitis is a rare disease with features such as hoarseness of voice, dysphagia and similar symptoms which mimic carcinoma. Incidence of tuberculosis of larynx has greatly reduced as a result of improved health care and effective antitubercular therapy. Direct laryngoscopy and histopathology along with ZN staining (20%) are considered as gold standard in the diagnosis of tuberculous laryngitis. Tuberculous laryngitis can present as white ulcerative lesions, nonspecific ulcerative lesions, polypoidal masses or ulcerofungating mass lesions. Treatment of tuberculous laryngitis comprises of standard antitubercular regimen with very good results.

1]. Egeli E, Oghan F, Alper M, Harputlouglu U, Bulut I. Epiglottic tuberculosis in a patient treated with steroids for Addison's disease. Tohoku J Exp Med 2003;201(2):119-25.
[2]. Sachdeva KS, Kumar A, Dewan P, Kumar A, Satyanarayan S. New vision for Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP): Universal access – "Reaching the un-reached". Indian J Med Res 2012;135(5):690-4.
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Keywords: Effective control of pain during dental procedures has been one of the most important pre-requisite of dentistry. In 1943, Löfgren synthesized the first modern local anesthetic agent, lidocaine - an amide-derivate of diethylamino acetic acid. Lidocaine was marketed in 1948 and is presently the most commonly used local anesthetic in dentistry worldwide. In 1969, articaine was synthesized by the chemist Muschaweck and was approved in 1975 as a local anesthetic in Germany

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