iosr-JDMS   Volume-14 ~ Issue-8 ~ August-2015

Abstract: Bone defects are tricky and weakening for the whole periodontium. They need to be managed early and tactfully. In today's dentistry many new materials have been discovered which claim non surgical bone regeneration. Although success has been reported, but it takes time for the bone to regenerate fully. The conventional way of bone grafts hence cannot be neglected and still stands strong as a treatment option. This article is based on one such material wherein the advantages of a bone graft (xenograft) have been utilized for a quick recovery of the patient.

Keywords: Graft, Bone Regeneration, Surgical Endodontics, Root Canal therapy, Hydroxyapatite.

[1]. Oral Maxillofacial Surg Clin N Am 14 (2002) 179–186
[2]. Agata H, Asahina I, Yamazaki Y, Et Al. Effective Bone Engineering With Periosteum- Derived Cells. J Dent Res 2007;86:79-83.
[3]. Nature Biotechnology Vol 18 September 2000
[4]. Pract Proced Aesthetic Dent 2001 (13)9:725-34
[5]. Adv Dent Res 2(L):164-180, August 1988

Abstract: Objective:To delineate various aspects of stroke in our setup and to analyze the clinical profiles and to arrives at important facts contributing to stroke in both the sexes Material methods:This descriptive retrospective observational study carried out on acute stroke victims admitted to CIMS over a period of four months in the year 2014.

[1]. Phillip Bath. Acute stroke. In: David Machin, Simon Day, Sylvan Green(Ed). Textbook of clinical Trials. Wiley 2006;179-180.
[2]. Asian acute stroke advisory panel. Stroke epidemiological data ofnine Asian countries. J Med Assoc Thai 2000;83:1-7.
[3]. Das SK, Banerjee TK, Biswas A, Raut DK, Mukherjee CS, ChaudhariA, et al. A prospective community based study of stroke in Kolkata,India. Stroke 2007;38:906-10.
[4]. Radhakrishnan K, Ashok PP, Sridhar R, Mousa ME. Stroke inyoung: incidence and pattern in Benghazi, Lybia. Act Neural Scand1986;73:434.
[5]. Abraham J, Rao PSS, Inbaraj SG, Shetty G, Jose CJ. An epidemiologicalstudy of hemiplegia due to stroke in South India. Stroke 1970;1:477-.
[6]. Dalal PM, for the ICASS investigators. Burden of stroke: Indianperspective. Int J Stroke 2006;3:164 –166.

Abstract: Extragonadal teratomas are rarely encountered in infants and children. These tumours are reported in retroperitoneum, floor of the mouth, mediastinum, cranio-facial region or even in the solid organs of the body. Most of the gluteal teratomas reported in the literature are in fact, lateralized sacrococcygeal teratomas. Imaging always plays an important role in the localization & characterization of these masses as clinical presentation often nonspecific. We are reporting a case of fetiform teratoma in the gluteal region in a 6 year old girl where CEMR showed a well encapsulated lesion containing well differentiated small & large bowel loops within .The tumor did not have any connection with the sacrum or coccyx and was successfully removed. Histology showed well differentiated bowel as well as fetiform structures.

Key words: Teratoma; extragonadal teratoma; fetiform.

[1]. Bhalla S, Masih K, Rana RS. Teratomas of rare sites: a review of ten cases. J Ind Medical Assoc 1991;89(10): 291-4. [2]. Paradies G, Zullino F, Orofino A, Leggio S. Rare extragonadal teratomas in children: complete tumor excision as a reliable and essential procedure for significant survival Clinical experience and review of the literature. Ann Ital Chir. 2014;85(1): 56-68. [3]. Lange TA (1991) Benign cystic teratoma. In: Steinberg (ed). Saunders, Philadelphia, 1991;pp 572–5
[4]. Kuno N, Kadomatsu K, Nakamura M, Miwa-Fukuchi T, Hirabayashi N, Ishizuka T. Mature ovarian cystic teratoma with a highly differentiated homunculus: a case report. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2004;70:40-6.
[5]. Carro IP, Parazuelos CM, Llata JIE, Garcia MS, Gracia CS. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of a benign cystic teratoma in the gluteus region. International Orthopaedics (SICOT) 1993; 17:245-7.

Abstract: Statement of problems: Two potential problems commonly identified with a denture base incorporating a resilient liner are a failure of the bond between the acrylic resin and resilient liner material and colonization of Candida albicans over time. Aims: This in vitro experimental study evaluated the shear and compressive bond strength as well as colonization of Candida albicans of commonly available denture soft liners.

[1]. Arthur O Rahn, Charles M. Heartwell, Jr. Treating abused tissues. In: Text book of complete dentures Fifth edition, N. Delhi: B C Decker, 2002:422.
[2]. Randa R. Diwan. Materials prescribed in the management of edentulous patients. In Zarb- Bolender. Prosthodontic treatment for edentulous patients. New Delhi: Mosby, Printed in India by Elsevier, 2004:198-199.
[3]. Polyzois GL, Frangou MJ. Influence of curing method, sealer, and water storage on the hardness
[4]. of a soft lining material over time. J Prosthodont 2001;10:42-45. Kawano F, Dootz ER, Koran A 3rd, Craig RG. Comparison of bond strength of six soft denture liners to denture base resin. J Prosthet Dent 1992;68:368-371.
[5]. Nesrin Anil, Canan Hekimoglu, Nesin Buyukbas, Meral T. Ercan. Microleakage study of various soft liners by autoradiography: Effect of accelerated aging. J Prosthet Dent 2002;84:394-399.

Abstract: A pessary is a medical device inserted into the vagina, either to provide structural support, or as a method of delivering medication1. The use of vaginal pessaries for symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse is well established. The favourable physical and chemical properties of silicon have made pessaries safer to use for the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse. Complicationsare rare when pessary care is regular. We report two cases of partially incarcerated vaginal pessary. First one being a case of pessary neglect, who presented after 2 years of pessary insertion, second case is a partial incarceration of a ring pessary despite regular follow up at sree balaji medical college.

Keywords: Incarceration, Vaginal pessary, Prolapse, Fistula

[1]. Kankam OK, Geraghty R. An erosive pessary. J R Soc Med. 2002 October; 95(10): 507.
[2]. Sivasuriya M. Cervical entrapment of a polythene vaginal ring pessary--a clinical curiosity. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 1987 May;27(2):168-9.
[3]. Berger J, Van den Bosch T, Deprest J. Impaction after partial expulsion of a neglected pessary. Obstet Gynecol. 2009 Aug; 114(2 Pt 2):468-70.
[4]. Cundiff G W, Weidner A C, Visco AG, Bump R C, Addison W A. A survey of pessary use by members of the American Urogynecologic Society. Obstet Gynecol 2000; 95(6):931-935.
[5]. Stephan WB, Zaaijman Jdu T. Retention of a vaginal ring pessary in a postmenopausal patient. S Afr Med J. 2007 Aug; 97(8):552.

Abstract: Obesity is a major health issue all over world. Many studies indicated the association between obesity and a wide range of health problems including respiratory diseases. It is one of the most important factors contributing to increase mortality and morbidity. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of waist circumference (WC) on lung function in young population. A cross sectional study was conducted among healthy male and female students aged 18-25 yrs having no lung disease, who were grouped into control and obese according to their WC. Spirometry was performed on all subjects .Results were analyzed by using Graph pad Prism5,comparison was done using Student's unpaired t tests and correlation was determined by Pearson's correlation coefficient.

[1]. Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation. World Health Organ Tech Resp Ser, 894, 2004,1-253.
[2]. J Faintuch, SAF Souza ,Valexi AC, Sant´ana AF, Gama-Rodrigues JJ, Pulmonary function and aerobic capacity in asymptomatic bariatric candidates with very severe morbid obesity. Rev Hosp Clin Fac Med S Paulo. 59,2004,181-86.
[3]. S M Koeing, Pulmonary complications of obesity, Am J Med Science, 321, 2001, 249-79.
[4]. W Ladosky, MAM Botelho, et al, Chest mechanics in morbidly obese non hypoventilated patients, Respiratory Medicine, 95, 2001, 281-286.
[5]. D Canoy,R Luben, AWelch et al. Abdominal obesity and respiratory function in men and women in the EPIC-Norfolk study, United Kingdom,.Am J Epidemiology 159,2004,1140-1149 .
[6]. Y Chen,Rennie, et al,WC is associated with Pulmonary function in normal weight, overweight, and obese subjects. Am J Clinic Nutr, 85(1), 2007, 35-39.

Abstract: Polyorchidism is defined as the presence of more than two testes. Triorchidism is the most frequent presentation. This anomaly is extremely rare. We report a case of triorchidism presenting with inguinal hernia in a 50 year old male. Intra-operatively, on left side there were two testes which belong to thum type III and one testis on right side. Histologically it was proved. Post-operative sonography confirmed it. Management of polyorchidism is still controversial. The management of polyorchidism will depend upon the location, size and anatomical organization of the testicular drainage system and the age of the patient.

Keywords: polyorchidism, triorchidism, histologically.

[1]. Lane A. A case of supernumerary testis. Trans Clin Soc Lond. 1895; 28:59.
[2]. Kharrazi SM, Rahmani MR, Sakipour M, Khoob S. Polyorchidism. A case report and review of literature. Urol J. 2006: 3:180-3.
[3]. F. Ferro and B.Iacobelli, "Polyorchidism and torsion. A lesson from two cases," Journal of Paediatric Surgery, vol. 40, no. 10, pp. 1662-1664, 2005.
[4]. B.J.Sheath, H.S.The, and O.H.Peh, "Supernumerary testicle in a case of polyorchidism," Annals of the Academy of Medicine Singapore, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 368-370, 2004.
[5]. G.Thum, "Polyorchidism : case report and review of literature," Journal of Urology, vol. no. 2, pp. 370-372, 1991.

Abstract: Solid – Cystic Hidradenoma is a tumor of sweat gland origin with incidence rate of 5.1 cases per 1 million people annually [1] accounting it to be a rare case to be reported. We discuss here, a 24 year old female patient presenting with a cystic nodule in the thigh with clear cell changes in histomorphology. The differential diagnosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma was ruled out based on morphological patterns. The case is reported here owing to the rarity of the tumor, its unique morphological features and importance of distinguishing it from metastatic renal cell carcinoma deposits.

Keywords: hidradenoma, morphology, renal cell carcinoma.

[1]. Steve R Martinez, MD, MAS, Kiera L. Barr, MD, Robert J Canter MD, Rare tumors through the looking glass: An examination of Malignant Cutaneous Adnexal Tumors, Arch Dermatol.2011;147(9):1058 – 1062.
[2]. Wilson Jones E. Pigmented nodular hidradenoma. Arch Dermatology 1971; 104:117 – 123.
[3]. Lopez V, Santonja N, CalduchRadriguez B et al. Poroidhidradenoma in a child: An unusual presentation. Pediatric Dermatol.2011; 28:60-61
[4]. Acowami SO, Malik A, Hanna W. Vulvar poroidhidradenoma. Am J Dermatopathol 2002; 24:523-525.
[5]. R K Winkelmann MD, Klauss Wolff MD. Solid-cystic Hidradenoma of the Skin Clinical and Histopathological study. Arch Dermatol. 1968; 97(6) : 651 – 661
[6]. Hunt SJ, Santa Cruz DJ, Kerl H. Giant eccrineacrospiroma. J Am Acad Dermatol.1990; 23:663-668.

Abstract: Stress in medical students is not uncommon and is process orientated. Although minimal amount of stress is desirable in everyday life and is necessary to add a spark in a healthy competitive spirit, the undue stress has undesirable impact on students and also on one's mental and physical health. Medical colleges do have a stressful environment that often exerts a negative effect on the academic performance, physical health and psychological wellbeing of the students. The current study was undertaken to assess the levels & sources of stress among first year undergraduate medical students and to also find if medium of study in their school level also contribute to stress.

[1]. Reem Rachel Abraham,Eva Mahirahbinti Zulkifli, Elaine SohZi Fan, GanNingXin, Jennie Tan Geok Lim. A report on stress among first year students in an Indian medical school. South East Asian Journal of Medical Education2009;3:1023-9.
[2]. Aktekin M, Karaman T, Senol YY, Erdem S, Erengin H, Akaydin M. Anxiety, Depression and Stressful Life Events among Medical Students: A Prospective Study in Antalya, Turkey. Med Educ. 2001;35(1):12–17.
[3]. Dahlin M, Joneborg N, Runeson Bo. Stress and Depression among Medical Students: A Cross Sectional Study. Med Educ, 2005;39:594–604.
[4]. Firth J. Levels and Sources of Stress in Medical Students.Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1986;292(6529):1177–1180.

Abstract: Primary dural lymphoma is one of the rare manifestation of extranodal nonHodgkins lymphoma. These tumours are slow growing and does not show any evidence of systemic involvement.On MRI dural lymphoma mimics other dural based neoplasms like enplaque meningiomas.we report a case of primary dural lymphoma in a 37 year old female presenting as extradural mass which was surgically removed.

Keywords: Primarydural lymphoma, Dural based mass, Enhancement.

[1]. Edelman,Hesselink,Zlatkin,Crues.chapter 40 supratentorial adult brain tumours in Clinical Magnetic Reasonance imaging. volume2. Third edition, 2006, 1097-1136.
[2]. I.S.Haldorsena,A.Espelanda,E.-M.Larssonc:Central nervous system lymphoma:characteristic findings on Traditional and advanced imaging, AJNR 2011,32:984-992.
[3]. Alice Boyd smith,Iren Horkanyne-Szakaly,Fason W.Schroeder,Elisabeth F.Rushing;Mass lesions of the Dura:Beyond Meningioma-Radiologic -Pathologic correlation, Radiographics 2014,34:295-312.Neurologic/Head and neck imaging.
[4]. Danai Chourmouzi,StamatiaPotsi,Anestis Moumtzouoglou,Elisavet Papadopoulou,Kostas Drevelegas,ThomasZaraboukas,and Antonios Drevelegas;Dural lesions mimicking meningiomas:A pictorial essay, World J Radiol. Mar28,4(3),2012,75-82.
[5]. Ferguson SD,Musleh W,Gurbuxani S,Shafizadeh SF,Lesniak MS.Intracranial mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, J clin Neurosci 17(5),2010,666-669.

Abstract: Pre-eclampsia is one of the major causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study was to find out the relationship of serum levels of calcium and magnesium in mild and severe pre-eclampsia and compared to normal pregnancies. Recent studies indicate that serum levels of calcium and magnesium may have a role in pre-eclampsia. Study Design: The study was done in King George Hospital, Visakhapatnam in North Coastal Andhra, India.

[1]. American College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (ACOG) practice bulletin. Diagnosis and management of pre eclampsia and eclampsia. Number 33, January 2002. Obstet Gynecol 2002; 99: 159-67
[2]. Goldenberg RL, Rouse DJ. Prevention of premature birth. N Engl J Med. Jul 30 1998;339(5):313-20
[3]. WHO, 2004. Bethesda, MD. Global Burden of Disease for the Year 2001 by World Bank Region, for Use in Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries, National Institutes of Health: WHO. Make every mother and child count. World Health Report, 2005, Geneva:World Health Organization, 2005. 2nd ed
[4]. Friedman SA,Schiff E, Emeis JJ, et al. Biochemical corroboration of endothelial involvement in severe preeclampsia. AmJ Obst Gynecol.Jan 1995;172(1 Pt 1):202
[5]. Seki, K, Wada, S, Nagata, N, Nagata, I. Parathyroid hormone-related protein during pregnancy and the perinatal period. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1994; 37:83

Abstract: The aim is to study the significance of adenosine deaminase levels in the diagnosis and differentiation of tuberculous pleural effusion from other non tuberculous pleural effusions. METHOD: A total of eighty (80) patients of pleural effusion were included in the study, out of which 50 were cases of tuberculous pleural effusion and 30 controls of non tuberculous pleural effusion. RESULTS: Adenosine deaminase levels in pleural fluid were increased in cases with 150.86+15.73 IU/L (mean + SD ) compared to that of controls with 19.93+2.14 IU/L (mean+SD) with a statistically significant 'p' value of <0.001. Lactate dehydrogenase levels in pleural fluid were increased in cases with 220.82+30.99u/l(mean+SD) compared to controls with 75.40+15.54 u/l(mean+SD) with statistically significant 'p' value of <0.001. CONCLUSION: Increased ADA levels are suggestive of tuberculous effusion, hence help in the diagnosis and differentiation of TB effusion and other non TB effusions.

Keywords: Tuberculosis, Pleural effusion, Adenosine deaminase, Lactate dehydrogenase.

[1]. P.T. Reid., J.A INNES.Davidson's Principles and Practice of Medicine , 22nd ed, Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier Ltd, chapter 19, p688.
[2]. KatariaY.P. Imtiaz K .Adenosine deaminase in the diagnosis of Tuberculous pleural effusion.chest 2001:2:298-300.
[3]. S K Verma, AL Dubey,P A Singh, S.L.Tewerson, darashish Sharma. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) levels in tuberculous pleural effusion. Lung india 2008 jul-sep;25(3);109-110 doi:10.4103/0970-2113,44121.
[4]. DM Vasudevan. Sreekumari. Textbook of Biochemistry for Medical Students 7th ed. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers 304.
[5]. Guisti G , Galanti B. Colorimetric method In: Bergmeyer HV. Editor.method of enzymatic analysis 3rd edition. Berlin Verlag Chemi. Weinheim:1984 pg, 315-323..

Abstract: To estimate the incidence of Liver Trauma Injuries and Grade their severity injury among patients attending to causality department, at Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad and to evaluate the Surgical options and common surgical hemostatic procedures in the management of Liver Trauma.. Results: In the present study the maximum number of patients are in the age group of 21-39 years (60%). Mean age of presentation is 28.96 years (12-65 years). Death rate among > 40 years age group was 87.5%, higher than age group of <40 years. The most common grade of injury was grade II constituting 30%. Survival rate of patients with intra operative findings of grades I, II and III injuries was 69% higher than patients with grade IV, V and VI injuries. More than one surgical technique was used to secure surgical hemostasis. 92.5% (37/40) Hepatorraphy with or without gel foam augmentation is for surgical hemostasis. Peri-hepatic packing is used in 12.5% (5/40) of patients.

1]. Chien, Li-Chien, Su-Shun Lo, and Shih-Yu Yeh. "Incidence of liver trauma and relative risk factors for mortality: A population-based study." Journal of the Chinese Medical Association 76, no. 10 (2013): 576-582

[2]. Gackowski, W., B. Najnigier, W. Otto, P. M. Paczkowski, M. Krawczyk, and A. Karwowski. "The treatment of liver trauma (a single centre experience)."WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE 50 (1997): 223-227.

[3]. Ghnnam, WagihMommtaz, Hosam Nabil Almasry, and Mona Abd El-Fatah Ghanem. "Non-operative management of blunt liver trauma in a level II trauma hospital in Saudi Arabia." International journal of critical illness and injury science 3, no. 2 (2013): 118.

[4]. Bajec, D. D., D. V. Radenković, P. D. Gregorić, V. M. Jeremić, V. R. Djukić, N. D. Ivanceić, B. A. Karadzić et al. "[Surgical treatment of liver injury--5-year experience]." ActachirurgicaIugoslavica 57, no. 4 (2009): 9-14.

[5]. Gourgiotis, Stavros, Vasilis Vougas, Stylianos Germanos, NikitasDimopoulos, IoannisBolanis, Spyros Drakopoulos, Panagiotis Alfaras, and Sotiris Baratsis. "Operative and nonoperative management of blunt hepatic trauma in adults: a single‐center report." Journal of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery 14, no. 4 (2007): 387-391.

Abstract: Increasing evidence suggests that socioeconomic factors in terms of parental educational level and family income may be associated with an increased risk of dental caries. The aim of the current study was to investigate the association between parental socio-economic status and prevalence of dental caries among primary school children enrolled in public schools in Najran; KSA during the period of October 2013 to May 2014.

[1]. Fisher Owens Susan, Gansky S., Platt L. et al: Influences on Children's Oral Health: A conceptual Model; Journal of American Academy of Pediatrics, 2007: 120(3): 510-520.
[2]. Prakash H., Sidhu S., and Sundaram K.: Prevalence of Dental Caries among Delhi school children; J. Ind. Dent. Assoc. 1999; 70(1): 12-14.
[3]. Petersen PE.: The World Oral Health report; Improvement of oral health in Africa in the 21st century – The role of WHO Global Oral Health Program. Afric. J. Oral Health; 2004; 1(1): 2-16.
[4]. Bagramian RA, Garcia F, and Volpe AR: The global increase in dental caries; Am. J Dent., 2009; 22(1): 3-8.
[5]. Locker D., Measuring social inequality in dental health services research-individual; Community dental health, 1993; 10(1): 139-150.

Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most globally serious public health problem. Poverty illiteracy and poor socio-ecomonic status are key factors for tuberculosis disease. Literacy can play an important role in developing understanding about TB & to perform activities with regard to prevention. Aim and objective: To assess the demographic status of Tuberculosis patients. Methods: 76 patients which were registered under RNTCP DOTS category 1st ,2nd ,3rd were taken in the study. The knowledge in the interviewed patient about annual income, occupation, literacy and smoking habit were assessed through a questionnaire during April 2005 to September 2006 in Department of tuberculosis and Chest disease ,RNT Medical College, Udaipur Rajasthan.

[1]. Ismael Kassim, Ray CG (2004).Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th edition).McGraw Hill.
[2]. "Tuberculosis Fact sheet N°104". World Health Organization. November 2010. Retrieved 26 July 2011.
[3]. "Tuberculosis". World Health Organization. 2002.

[4]. World Health Organization (2009). "Epidemiology" (PDF). Global tuber"Improved data reveals higher global burden of tuberculosis". who.int. 22 October 2014. Retrieved 23 October 2014.tuberculosis control: epidemiology, strategy, financing. pp. 6–33. ISBN 978-92-4-156380-2.

[5]. "Improved data reveals higher global burden of tuberculosis". who.int. 22 October 2014. Retrieved 23 October 2014.

[6]. GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators (17 December 2014)."Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet 385 (9963): 117-171.doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2. PMC 4340604. PMID 25530442 e

Abstract: BACK GROUND: Since bronchiectasis continues to be a common disease in our country with significant morbidity due to complications like repeated acute exacerbations and chronic respiratory insufficiency. AIM: This study was done to assess whether the type of Bronchiectasis and the extent of involvement have any correlation with pulmonary arterial hypertension and right heart dysfunction and correlate these findings with impairment of lung function and pulmonary gas exchange.

[1]. Field CE. Bronchiectasis: third report on a follow-up study of medical and surgical cases from childhood. Arch Dis Child 1969; 44: 551.
[2]. Glauser EM, Cook CD, Harris GBC. Bronchiectasis: a review of 187 cases in children with follow-up pulmonary function studies in 58. Acta Paediatr Scand 1966; Suppl 165: 1.
[3]. Le Roux BT, Mohlala ML, Odell JA, Whitton ID. Suppurative diseases of the lung and pleural space. Part II. Bronchiectasis. Curr Probl Surg 1986; 23: 94.
[4]. Crofton j, Douglas A. Respiratory Diseases , 1 st edn. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publication,1969.
[5]. Cockett FB, Vass CCN. Acomparison of the role of bronchial arteries in bronchiectasis and in experimental ligation of the pulmonary artery. Thorax 1951; 6: 268.

Abstract: The pharmacovigilance study was conducted in100 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis admitted pulmonology ward of Government general hospital, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh. The purpose of this study is to assess the rate of adverse drug reactions induced by antitubercular drugs and also to detect serious and preventable ADRs.

Keywords: Pharmacovigilance, tuberculosis, antitubercular drugs.

[1]. World Health Organization – Enhancing the safety of the TB patient – A practical hand book on the pharmacovigilance of medicines used in the treatment of tuberculosis.
[2]. Naranjo CA, Busto U, Sellers EM. A method for estimating the probability of adverse reactions. Clin Pharmacother 1981;30:239-45.
[3]. Hartwig SC, Siegel J, Schneider PJ. Preventability and severity assessment in reporting adverse drug reactions. Am J Hosp Pharm, 1992; 4 9: 2229- 32.
[4]. Yee D, Valiquette C, Pelletier M, Parisien I, Rocher I, Menzies D. Incidence of serious side effects from first line anti tuberculosis drug among patients treated for active tuberculosis. Am J RespCrit Care Med, 2003; 167: 1472- 7.
[5]. [Kays MB, Koda-Kimble MA, Young LY, Kradijan WA, Guglielmo JB, Alfredge BK, Corelli RL. Tuberculosis in applied therapeutics, clinical use of drugs, eighth edition, 2005. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. P71-83.

Abstract: Respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartomas (REAHs) are rare, benign glandular proliferations of the sinonasal cavity and nasopharynx, originating in the schneiderian epithelium. Recognition and awareness of this benign lesion is necessary to distinguish it from inverted papilloma and adenocarcinoma, to avoid aggressive surgery. We report a case of REAH diagnosed on histopathology.

[1]. Mulazimoglu S, Islamoglu Y, Beton S, Kivrak H, Sak S D, Yorulmaz I. Respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma of the maxillary sinus presenting as an antrochoanal polyp. Egypt J Ear Nose Throat Allied Sci 2015.
[2]. Di Carlo R, Rinaldi R, Ottaviano G, Pastore A. Respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma of the maxillary sinus: case report. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2006;26(4):225.
[3]. zulkepli S Z, Husain S, Singh Gendeh B. Respiratory Epithelial Adenomatoid Hamartoma of the Nasal Septum.Philipp J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2012; 27 (1): 28-30.
[4]. Gajda M, Zagolski O, Jasztal A, Lis GJ, Pyka-Fosciak G, Litwin JA. Respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma of the anterior nasal septum a rare localization of an unusualtumour in a child: a case report. Cases J. 2009 Sep; 16(2): 8151-8152.
[5]. Punia R, Mundi I, Dass A, Mohan H. Respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma of the nasal cavity: a case report. Surg Sci. 2012;3(3).

Abstract: The present study was designed to ascertain the percentage of occurrence and causes of new-onset pancytopenia in adult patients in our hospital. All the cases of pancytopenia in adults from January 2011 to December 2014 (four years) were examined in the Department of Pathology, Rama Medical College Hospital, Ghaziabad. Bone marrow aspirations/biopsy were performed in most of the cases. The commonest cause of pancytopenia in our hospital was megaloblastic anaemia followed by dimorphic anemia.

Keywords: pancytopenia, bone marrow aspiration, hypersplenism, adult.

[1]. Khunger JM, Arulselvi S, Sharma U, Ranga S, Talib VH. Pancytopenia a clinicohaematological study of 200 cases. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2002;45:375–379.
[2]. Imbert M, Scoazec JY, Mary JY, Jouzult H, Rochant H, Sultan C. Adult patients presenting with pancytopenia: a reappraisal of underlying pathology and diagnostic procedures in 213 cases. Hematol Pathol. 1989;3:159–167.
[3]. Bone marrow examination: indication, technique In: Anesoft, Foucar K, editors. Bone marrow pathology. Hong Kong: American Society Clinical Pathology;2001:30–47.
[4]. Ishtiaq O, Baqai HZ, Anwer F, Hussain N. Patterns of pancytopenia patients in a general medical ward and a proposed diagnostic approach. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2004;16:8–13.
[5]. Kumar R, Kalra SP, Kumar H, Anand AC, Madan H. Pancytopenia a six year study. J Assoc Physicians India. 2001;49:1078–1081..

Abstract: Inhaled corticosteroids have become the mainstay of maintenance treatment in asthma in adult. The systemic side effects of inhaled steroid are much less than systemic steroid needed for comparable asthma control. Long term use of systemic corticosteroid is known to cause osteoporosis. Aim of the study: To assess the effect of inhaled corticosteroid on bone mineral density.

[1]. R.T.Reid and J.A. Innes.Obstructive pulmonary diseases. Davidsons Principle &Practice of Medicine 12st Edition,PP. 662.
[2]. peter J,Barnes.Asthma.Harrison'sTM PRINCIPLES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, Eighteenth Edition. Chapter 254 pp 2101.
[3]. GINA 201 1, pp. 2-9.
[4]. Jindal, Editor-in-chief SK. Textbook of pulmonary and critical care medicine.New Delhi: JaypeeBrothoersMcdicalPublishers.p. 242. ISBN 978-93-5025-073-0.
[5]. George, Ronatd B. Chest medicine:essentials of pulmonary andCritical care medicine (5th Ed.).Philadelphia. PA: Lippincotwilliarns&Wilkins(2005). p.62.lSBN 978-0-7817-5273-2.

Abstract: Dentigerous cyst is a common developmental odontogenic cyst affecting both jaws but have higher predilection for mandible. It involves the crown of unerrupted, impacted or embedded teeth. Pathogenesis involves accumulation of fluid between the unerupted or impacted tooth crown and surrounding follicle, giving rise to the characteristic clinical and radiographic finding of a cystic lesion surrounding the neck of the tooth. Careful evaluation along with meticulous clinical and radiological investigations could help clinicians to arrive at the correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment planning.

1]. Assael L A. Surgical management of odontogenic cysts and tumors. In Peterson L J, Indresano T A, Marciani R D, Roser S M. Principles of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott , 1992, Vol 2, pp685-688.
[2]. Neville B W. Odontogenic cysts and tumors. In Neville B W, Damm D D, Allen C M, Bouquot J E. Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1995, pp493-496.
[3]. Manoela Carrera, Danilo Borges Dantas, Antônio Marcio Marchionni, Marília Gerhardt de Oliveira, Miguel Gustavo Setúbal Andrade. Conservative treatment of the dentigerous cyst: report of two cases. Brazillian Journal of Oral Sciences 2013;12(1):52-56.
[4]. Most DS, Roy EP. A large dentigerous cyst associated with a supernumerary tooth. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1982;40:119-20.
[5]. Bodner L, Woldenberg Y, Bar-Ziv J. Radiographic features of large cysts lesion of jaws in children. Pediatric Radiology 2003;33:3-6.

Abstract: The global burden of diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide. Prevalence world wide and in Nigeria is increasing. Micronutrients have been investigated both as potential preventive and therapentic agents amongst which magnesium is important. Aim: To evaluate the serum and urinary magnesium levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and its association with C reactive protein and glycated haemoglobin.

[1]. Akhuemokhan KI. Eregie A, Fasanade OA. Trace mineral status and glycaemic control in Nigerians with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Afr. J. Diab. Med 2010. 20-22
[2]. Badyel A, Kuldip Singh SK, Rajesh P, Iasbir SI. Serum magnesium levels. A key issue for diabetes mellitus. www.Jkscience.org 2011. vol 13 No 3 July–September: pg 134.
[3]. American Diabetes Associates. Clinical practice recommendations. Diabetes care 2004; 6: 1-16
[4]. Pham PC, Pharm PM, Pharm SV, Miller TM et al. Hypomagnesaemia in Patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2007: 2: 366 – 73.
[5]. Mohanty SS, Pinneli BV, Murgod R, Raghavendra DS. Evaluation of serum copper, magnesium and glycated haemoglobin in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Asian J of pharmaceutical and clin research. Vol. 6, June 2 2013..

Abstract: Treatment planning of ectodermal dysplasia (ED) depends on the available alveolar bone structure, teeth present and the patient's age. In teenagers, psychological trauma is common because of the societal alienation they often face; hence, a psychological evaluation and management is also required. This report follows the prosthetic rehabilitation of a teenage girl with ED, with a tooth supported-overdenture in the maxillary arch and a mucosa-supported denture in the mandibular arch. The importance of prosthodontist is also highlighted in addressing the psychological aspects of ED along with motivating and encouraging the patient throughout the treatment.

Keywords: Ball attachment,hypohidrotic, retentive housings, tooth-supported overdenture, window technique.

[1]. Neville BW, Douglas DD, Allen CM, et al: Oral and maxillofacial pathology. (ed 2) Philadelphia: Saunders; 2007. p. 644-645.
[2]. Saksena SS, Bixler D: Facialmorphometrics in the identification of gene carriers of X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Am J Med Genet 1990;35:105-14.
[3]. Tanner BA: Psychological aspects of hypohidrrotic ectodermal dysplasia.Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser 1988; 24:263-75.
[4]. MacGregor FC: Facial disfigurement: problems and management of social interaction and implications for mental health. Aesthetic PlastSurg: 1990; 14:249-57.
[5]. Hickey AJ, Salter M: Prosthodontic and psychological factors in treating patients with congenital and craniofacial defects. J Prosthet Dent: 2006; 95:392-396.