iosr-JDMS   Volume-14 ~ Issue-8 ~ August-2015

Abstract: Increasing trend of poisoning leading to unnatural premature death in man restraints development of a country. Epidemiology of poisoning can help stakeholders to take measures for prevention of poisoning. Objective: to assess the magnitude of unnatural death due to suspected poisoning and to find out its correlates. Methodology: Record based cross-sectional study was performed in the department of Forensic Medicine of Bankura Sammilani Medical College involving the victims of unnatural death due to suspected poisoning during year 2014. Information pertaining to sociodemographics, place and time of occurrence of poisoning and death after poisoning, background cause of poisoning etc. was collected from the postmortem report, police inquest and treatment history, if any using a predesigned proforma.

[1]. Kumar A, Pathak MK. Epidemiology of Unnatural Death Due to Suspected Poisoning in Varanasi, India. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 2014; 3:178-81.
[2]. Thomas WF, John HD, Willium RH. Stedman's Medical Dictonery. 28th edn. New York: Lippincott William and Wilkins; 2007. p. 2004.
[3]. Eddleston M, Phillips MR. Self poisoning with pesticides. BMJ. 2004; 328:42–4.
[4]. Hempestead K. Manner of death and circumstances in fatal poisoning: Evidence from New Jersey. Inj Prev. 2006; 12:44.
[5]. Chowdhary AN, Banerjee S, Brahma A, Biswas MK. Pesticide poisoning in nonfatal, deliberate self-harm: A public health issue. Indian J Psychiatry 2007; 49:117–20.

Abstract: Drooling is commonly observed in neurologically impaired children and carries a social stigma. Oromotor exercise aims at improving oral phase of deglutination by means of specific exercises for muscles of mandible, lips, tongue and palate. Methods: This prospective study was carried out between May 2012 to December 2014 in Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Dehradun, a tertiary care centre. 15 children with chronic drooling were taken into this study after inform consent was obtained from parents. The pre and post exercise finding were evaluated using oromotor assessment form and statistically analysed.

[1]. Erasmus CE, VanHulst K, Rotteveel LJ, et al. drooling in cerebral palsy: hyper salivation or dysfunctional oral motor control? Dev Med Child Neurol 2009; 51: 454–9.
[2]. Sochaniwskyj A, Koheil R, Bablich K, Milner M, Kenny D. Oral motor functioning, frequency of swallowing and drooling in normal children and in children with cerebral palsy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1986; 67: 866–74.
[3]. Schwarz SM, Corredor J, Fisher-Medina J, Cohen J, Rabinowitz S. Diagnosis and treatment of feeding disorders in children with developmental disabilities. Pediatrics 2001; 108: 671–6.
[4]. Hale ST, Kellum GD, Richardson JF, et al. Oral motor control, posturing, and myofunctional variables in 8-year-olds. J Speech Hear Res 1992; 35: 1203–8.
[5]. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, Dysphagia Document Review and Revision Working Group. Roles of Speech-Language Pathologists in Swallowing and Feeding Disorders. Rockville, MD: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2002.

Abstract: Description of endodontic surgical procedure which was adopted to successfully retrieve the broken instrument from an aberrant site. Background: Management of broken or separated endodontic instrument has always been considered to be a challenge, demanding expertise in the field of endodontics and has generated all time interest among endodontists. Separated instruments in root canal system leads to metallic obstruction and prevents thorough cleaning and shaping which may culminate into endodontic failure. Instrument separation outside the root canal system is still more embarrassing.

[1]. Hulsmann M. The removal of silver cones and fractured instruments using the canal finder system. Journal of Endodontics, 16(8,) 1990, 596-600.
[2]. Kerekes K, Tronstad L. Long-term results of endodontic treatment performed with a standardized technique. Journal of Endodontics; 5(2), 1979, 83-90.
[3]. Crump MC, Natkin E. Relationship of broken root canal instruments to endodontic case prognosis: a clinical investigation. Journal of American Dental Association 1970; 80:1341-7.
[4]. Hulsmann M. Removal of fractured instruments using a combined automated/ultrasonic technique. Journal of Endodontics 1994;20:144-6.
[5]. Nagai 0, Tani N, Kayaba Y, Kodama S, Osada T. Ultrasonic removal of broken instruments in root canals. International Endodontic Journal 1986;19:298-304.
[6]. Fors UGH, Berg JO. A method for the removal of broken endodontic instruments from root canals. Journal of Endodontics 1983;9:156-9.

Abstract: To replace the missing anterior teeth has always been a challenge for the prosthodontist. Replacing missing teeth along with the defect is a technique sensitive process which requires proper treatment planning. This article presents a case report of missing upper anterior with a sebeart's class 3 defect which was replaced by Andrew's bridge. It is a combination of fixed partial denture and removable partial denture which is described in the following article.

Key Words: sebeart's classification, aesthetic, bar and clip attachment, partial denture.

[1]. Mc craken's. Removable partial denture prosthodontics. 12th edition, pg 12.
[2]. Burns dr. And ward je. Review of attachments for removable partial denture design: part 1. Classification and selection. Int j prosthodont. 1990; 3:98-102.
[3]. Dinesh bnvk, sravanthi g, sudhir n, taruna m. Full mouth rehabilitation along with bilateral precision attachments indian j dent adv 2014; 6(1): 1495-1498
[4]. Elliot feinberg, Edward m. Feinberg et al .attachment retained partial denture. Nys dent j 1984:161-164.
[5]. Ravi Shankar y. A fixed removable partial denture treatment for severe ridge defect int j dent case reports 2011; 1(2): 112-118.
[6]. Gates gn, boch aj. Boulder. Prosthodontics-crown and bridges.mht.

Abstract: Anatomic abnormalities are responsible for 10-15% of recurrent abortions at second trimester. The causes may be congenital or acquired[1]. Factors of accommodation become particularly important at this time. The commonest accommodation problems relate to abnormalities of the uterus-incompetence of cervix, anomalies of Mullerian fusion and uterine hypoplasia. Cervical incompetence is the inability of the uterine cervix to retain an intra-uterine pregnancy until term. Recognition and correction of the inadequacy offers perhaps the only present possibility of preventing certain late abortions or early premature labour and resultant foetal loss.

[1]. D C Dutta's text book of obstetrics 7th edition Hiralal konar, 2011kolkata page 168 chapter 15.
[2]. Shamshad et al. Evolution of cervical encerclage journal of obst 2008.
[3]. Kaul R and Olyai P. Foetal salvage with cerclage procedure 1980.
[4]. Harger, J H cerclage and cervical insufficiency Obst Gynecol 2002. Dec 100 (6). 1313-27.

Abstract: Herpes zoster (HZ) or 'shingles' results from reactivation of the Varicella zoster virus (VZV). VZV reactivation commonly affects the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve (10-25%) and subsequently the eye. Here is a rare presentation of herpes zoster involving the maxillary(v2) division of trigeminal nerve and cornea.

Keywords: herpes zoster, maxillary nerve, varicella zoster virus.

[1]. James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G. et al. (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical Dermatology. Saunders Elsevier.ISBN 0-7216-2921-0.

[2]. Jump up^ Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. ISBN 1-4160-2999-0.

[3]. ^ Jump up to:a b c "Oxford Handbook of Ophthalmology". google.com.au.

[4]. ^ Jump up to:a b c "Comprehensive Ophthalmology".google.com.au.

[5]. Holdeman NR. Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus. In: Onofrey B, Skorin L, Holdeman NR, Eds. Ocular Therapeutics Handbook: A Clinical Manual, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005:215.

Abstract: Malignant melanoma of the eyelid skin arises from the malignant proliferation of melanocytes. Primary melanomas of the eyelid skin are rare. They account for <1% of all cutaneous malignant melanoma and about 1% of malignant eye tumors. As with melanomas of other sites, eyelid melanoma are usually a result of DNA damage from exposure to UVB(290-320),(1) other common risk factors include presence of nevi, fair skin and family history of melanoma. The most common location of eyelid melanomas is the lower eyelid, where it is approximately 2.6 times more likely to occur than the upper eyelid. Here we present a rare case of huge malignant melanoma of upper eyelid with distant metastasis.

Keywords: nevi, malignant melanoma, metastasis, upper eyelid

[1]. Cooper K. Melanoma Update 2002, University Hospitals of Cleveland. October 23, 2002.
[2]. Millman et al. The molecular genetics of eyelid tumors: recent advances and future directions. Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2013; 251:419-433.
[3]. Boulos PR, Rubin PA. Cutaneous melanomas of the eyelid. Semin Ophthalmol. 2006 Jul-Sep;21(3):195-206.
[4]. Bravo Puccio F1, Chian C. Acral junctional nevus versus acral lentiginous melanoma in situ: a differential diagnosis that should be based on clinicopathologic correlation. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2011 Jul;135(7):847-52. [5]. Cohen VML, Tsimpida M, Hungerford JL, Hikmat J, Cerio R, Moir G Prospective study of sentinel lymph node biopsy for conjunctival melanoma. Br J Ophthalmol 2013;97:1525-29.
[6]. Charles M. Balch, et al. Final Version of 2009 AJCC Melanoma Staging and Classification. J Clin Oncol. Dec 20, 2009; 27(36): 6199–6206.

Abstract: Dysgerminoma, germ cell tumors (GCTs) are rare, comprising approximately 20% of all ovarian tumors, both benign and malignant occurring at extremes of age groups. Approximately 3-5% of ovarian GCTs are malignant.[1] In fact, dysgerminomas make up two thirds of all malignant ovarian neoplasms in women younger than 20 years. Moreover, once diagnosed, dysgerminomas respond highly to the prescribed treatments, rescuing patients from infertility and early mortality[1].Extraovarian tumor spread of dysgerminomas often involves the retroperitoneal and pelvic lymph nodes; these tumors are highly susceptible to radiotherapy[2]. In addition, hematogenous spread may occur; common sites of involvement are the lungs, liver, and bone[3].

1]. Michener, C.M. and Huh, W.K. (2012) Ovarian dysgerminomas. Medscape Drugs, Diseases & Procedures.
[2]. Prat J. Prat J, ed. Pathology of the Ovary. Germ cell tumors. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders; 2004. 251-82.
[3]. Talerman A. Blaustein's Pathology of the Female Genital Tract. Kurman RJ. Germ cell tumors of the ovary. 5th ed. New York, NY: : Springer-Verlag; 2002. 967-1034.
[4]. Gimelli S, Beri S, Drabkin HA, Gambini C, Gregorio A, Fiorio P, et al. The tumor suppressor gene TRC8/RNF139 is disrupted by a constitutional balanced translocation t(8;22)(q24.13;q11.21) in a young girl with dysgerminoma. Molecular Cancer. 2009. 8:52-. [Medline].
[5]. Gershenson DM, Copeland LJ, del Junco G. Second-look laparotomy in the management of malignant germ cell tumors of the ovary. Obstet Gynecol. 1986 Jun. 67(6):789-93. [Medline].
[6]. Gershenson DM, Morris M, Cangir A, Kavanagh JJ, Stringer CA, Edwards CL. Treatment of malignant germ cell tumors of the ovary with bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin. J ClinOncol. 1990 Apr. 8(4):715-20. [Medline].

Abstract: Total auricular reconstruction in congenital microtia is one of the most challenging problems faced by a reconstructive surgeon as it demands precise surgical technique combined with artistic creativity. Ear reconstruction requires carefully planned procedures.The use of autogenous rib cartilage is the gold standard for microtia reconstruction. Alternatives for auricular reconstruction include autologous costal cartilage graft, prosthetic reconstruction with osseointegrated implants or the use of alloplastic frameworks (e.g. porous polyethylene)

[1]. Dinesh Singh Chauhan , YadavalliGuruprasad(2011) Auricular Reconstruction of Congenital Microtia Using autogenous Costal Cartilage: Report of 27 Cases. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2012 Mar; 11(1): 47–52.
[2]. Brent B. The correction of mi-rotia with autogenous cartilage grafts: I. The classic deformity. PlastReconstr Surg. 1980 Jul. 66(1):1-12.
[3]. Brent B (1992) Auricular repair with autogenous rib cartilage grafts: two decades of experience with 600 cases. PlastReconstrSurg 90:355
[4]. Brent B (2002) Microtiarepair with rib cartilage grafts: a review of personal experience with 1000 cases. ClinPlastSurg 29:257
[5]. Cao Y, Vacanti JP, Paige KT (1997) Transplantation of chondrocytes utilizing polymer-cell construct to produce tissue-engineered cartilage in the shape of human ear. PlastReconstrSurg 100:297

Abstract: Acute pancreatitis has a variable clinical presentation. Due to the potential of catastrophic deterioration, early assessment of severity is essential. Various clinical scoring systems are available to assess severity of pancreatitis. Extent of pancreatic necrosis has been correlated with fatal outcome in the past few years(1, 3, 4, 5). There is a need to evaluate the efficacy of clinical scoring system versus CT severity index to triage the patient into intensive care. Objective: To compare the efficacy of Balthazar CT severity index versus APACHE 2 score in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis.

[1]. Balthazar JE. Acute Pancreatitis: Assessment of Severity with Clinical and CT Evaluation. Radiology 2002; 223: 603-13.
[2]. Banks AP, Bollen TL, Dervenis C, Gooszen HG, Johnson CD, Sarr MG et al. Classification of acute pancreatitis- 2012: revision of Atlanta classification and definitions by international consenses. Gut 2013; 62: 102-11.
[3]. Otuski M, Takeda K, Matsuno S, Kihara Y, Koizumi M, Hirota M et al. Criteria of the diagnosis and severity stratification of acute pancreatitis. World J Gastroentrol 2013; 19 : 5798-805.
[4]. Balthazar EJ, Robinson DL, Megibow AJ, Ranson JHC. Acute Pancreatitis: Value of CT in Establishing Prognosis. Radiology 1990; 174: 331-6.
[5]. Shah SSH, Ansari MA, Ali S. Early prediction of severity and outcome of acute severe pancreatitis. Pak J Med Sci 2009; 25: 619-23.
[6]. Dervenis C, Johnson CD, Bassi C. Diagnosis, objective assessment of severity, and management of acute pancreatitis. IntJ Pancreatol 1999; 25: 195-210.

Abstract: Testicular cancer is most common cancer in male between the age group of 20-40 years and it is rare before 15 years of age. Testicular mass is common presentation. Mass can be painful in 10% of the cases. However there can be atypical presentation where patient present with disseminated disease without palpable mass in the testis sometimes with secondary hydrocele. Mass lesion may also present in the retro peritoneum along line of descent of the testis, very rarely in the inguinal canal. Patient may also present with secondary lymph nodal mass lesions in the retro peritoneum, mediastinum. Ultra sound scrotum will help in assessing the mass lesion in the scrotum.

[1]. Holmes L; Escalante C; Garrison O; Foldi BX; Ogungbade GO; Essien EJ; Ward D "Testicular cancer incidence trends in the United States, (1975−2004): Plateau or shifting racial paradigm?" September 2008; Public Health 122 (9): 862–872.
[2]. Leendert H. J. Looijenga; J. Wolter Oosterhuis "Pathogenesis of testicular germ cell tumours" (PDF). Rev. Reprod. May 1999; 4 (2): 90–100.
[3]. "Testicular Cancer Treatment (PDQ)". National Cancer Institute. 2009- 01-15.
[4]. "SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Testis Cancer". NCI. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
[5]. Cannabis linked to testicular cancer . The Independent 02-09-2009.

Abstract: Insertion of a nasogastric tube in an unconscious intubated patient may be difficult as they cannot follow the swallowing instructions, and therefore has a high first attempt failure rate. The use of nasogastric tube is desirable for some surgical procedures to keep stomach deflated (like laparoscopic surgeries) or for the short term administration of feeds post-operatively. We had a thirty five-year-old male who was posted for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surgery demanded Ryle's tube insertion after creating pneumo-peritoneum because inflated stomach was obscuring their view.

[1]. Tanmoy Ghatak, Sukhen Samanta, and Arvind Kumar Baronia A New Technique to Insert Nasogastric Tube in an Unconscious Intubated Patient N Am J Med Sci. 2013 Jan; 5(1): 68–70.
[2]. Yohanna M Takwoingi Inadvertent insertion of a nasogastric tube into both main bronchi of an awake patient: a case report Cases Journal 2009, 2:6914
[3]. Yung-Fong Tsai123, Chiao-Fen Luo1, Amina Illias1, Chih-Chung Lin12 and Huang-Ping Yu12* Nasogastric tube insertion in anesthetized and intubated patients: a new and reliable method BMC Gastroenterology 2012, 12:99 .

Abstract: We have described what appears to us a most satisfactory anaesthetic technique for microlaryngoscopy and definitive surgery of the larynx. The method of ventilation employed was basically an extension of Sanders' injector technique, using the Venturi principle. Blood gas determinations in à series of 60 patients showed oxygenation and ventilation to be satisfactory. From the endoscopist's point of view, this technique offered several advantages like the endoscopic procedure need not be interrupted to ventilate the patient. Since the patient is adequately oxygenated and ventilated the time for the procedure is not limited. There is no endotracheal tube to interfere with the free access and visualisation of the larynx.

[1]. Hoffman H. Review of Woo et al. Aerodynamic and stroboscopic findings before and after microlaryngeal phonosurgery. J Voice. 1994;8:186-194. Otolaryngol J Club. 1995;2:143-147.
[2]. Hoffman H, Karnell M. Hoarseness and laryngitis. In: Conn HF, Rakel RE, eds. Conn's Current Therapy, eds. Philadelphia, PA, WB Saunders. 1996:28-36
[3]. Olsen GT, Moreano EH, Arcuri MR, Hoffman HT. Dental protection during rigid endoscopy. Laryngoscope. 1995;105:662-663.
[4]. Pinkston DR, Gartlan MG, Hoffman HT. Pathology quiz case: ductal cysts of the larynx. Arch Otolaryngol. 1992;101:1266-1268.
[5]. Verdolini-Marston K, Hoffman HT, McCoy S. Nonspecific laryngeal granuloma: a case study of a professional singer. J Voice. 1994;8:352-358.

Abstract: To assess advantages and disadvantages of endoscopic septoplasty and to compare post-operative results and complications of endoscopic with conventional septoplasty. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 (fifty) patients with symptomatic deviated nasal septum were prospectively studied. Patients were divided into two equal groups. One group underwent endoscopic septoplasty and the other group underwent traditional septoplasty under general anaesthesia. A detailed history and thorough examinations were carried out on all selected patients, using a pre-designed proforma. Subjective and objective assessments were done both pre- and post-operatively.

[1]. Gupta N. Endoscopic septoplasty. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2005; 57(3):240-3.
[2]. Chung BJ, Batra PS, Citardi MJ, Lanza DC. Endoscopic septoplasty: revisitation of the technique, indications, and outcomes. Am J Rhinol 2007; 21:307-11.
[3]. Stammberger H. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery: The Messerklinger technique. Philadelphia: Decker BC; 1991. 432-3.
[4]. Lanza DC, Rosin DF, Kennedy DW. Endoscopic septal spur resection. Am J Rhinol 1993; 7:213-6.
[5]. Durr DG. Endoscopic septoplasty: technique and outcomes. J Otolaryngol 2003;32:6
[6]. Castelnuovo P, Pagella F, Cerniglia M, Emanuelli E. Endoscopic limited septoplasty in combination with sinonasal surgery. Facial Plast Surg 1999; 15:303-7.

Abstract: For diagnosing pulmonary disease lung function tests are most important. The purpose of this study was to find out the association of body fat percentage and its distribution on pulmonary functions. We hypothesized that there is significant difference in Pulmonary Function FEV1/FVC among normal and overweight young healthy adults.

[1]. Mohan V, Deepa R. Obesity and abdominal obesity in Asian Indians. Indian J Medical Res2006; 123: 593–596.
[2]. Sue DY.Obesity and pulmonary function:more or less?Chest1997;111:844-845.
[3]. Haslem DW, James WPT.Obesity. Obesity.Lancet2005 ;366:1197-209.
[4]. Dudeja V, Misra A, Pandey R M etal.BMI does not accurately predict overweight in Asian Indians in northern India. British Journal of Nutrition2001;86:105-112.. [5]. Collins LC, Hoberty PD, Walker JF, Fletcher EC, Peiris AN. The effect of body fat distribution on pulmonary function tests. Chest 1995; 107: 1298–302.

Abstract: Ectopic pregnancy is generally on the increase in developing countries and a major cause of maternal morbidity, mortality and fetal wastage. The objectives are to determine the risk factors, pattern of clinical presentation and treatment modalities of ectopic pregnancies in UCTH, Calabar. This is a retrospective study of all cases of ectopic pregnancy managed in our Hospital from 1st January 2010 to 31st December 2014. There were 13,757 deliveries out of which 306 cases were ectopic pregnancies, giving an incidence of 22.2 per 1000 deliveries. Majority, 74.4% were between 21-30 years of age; 73.2% were single and 52.4% were nulliparous. The modal period of amenorrhoea was 8 weeks. Majority presented with ruptured ectopics (92.4%); abdominal pain (92.4%) and amenorrhoea (91.2%).

[1]. Airede LR, Ekele BA. Ectopic pregnancy in Sokoto, Northern Nigeria. Malawi Medical Journal, 17(1), 2005, 14-16.
[2]. Okunlola MA, Adesina OA, Adekunle AO. Repeat Ipsilateral Ectopic Gestation: A Series of Three Cases. African Journal of Medicine and Medical Science, 35, 2006, 173-5.
[3]. Coste J, Job-Spira N, Aublet-Cuvellier B. Incidence of Ectopic Pregnancy: First Results of a Population Based Register in France. American Journal of Epidemiology, 157(3), 2003, 185-94.
[4]. Rajkhowa M, Rutherford AJ, Sharma V, Glass MR, Balen AH, Cuckle HS. Trends in the Incidence of Ectopic Pregnancy in England and Wales from 1966 to 1996. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 107, 2000, 369-74.
[5]. Jurkovic D. Ectopic pregnancy. In: Edmonds DE (Ed), Dewhurst's Textbook of Obstetrics and Gynaecology for Postgraduates, 7th Edition, (UK: Blackwell Science Limited, 2007) 106-116.
[6]. Anorlu RI, Oluwole A, Abudu OO, Adebajo S. Risk Factors for Ectopic Pregnancy in Lagos, Nigeria. Acta Obstetricia et Gynaecologica Scandinavica, 84(2), 2005, 184-8.

Abstract: Clinicians must recognize that diseases of the pulp and periapical tissues are dynamic and progressive and thus various modes and methods should be used to get the accurate diagnosis. A key purpose of establishing a proper pulpal and periapical diagnosis is to determine what clinical treatment is needed. This review article briefly describes on how to diagnose the pulpal condition and what are its treatment options. Keywords: reversible pulpitis, irreversible pulpitis, root canal treatment, local anesthesia

[1]. Glickman GN. AAE consensus conference on diagnostic terminology: background and perspectives. J Endod 2009;35:1619.
[2]. Seltzer S, Bender IB, Ziontz M. The dynamics of pulp inflammation: correlations between diagnostic data and actual histologic findings in the pulp. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1963;16:846-71;969-77.
[3]. Berman LH, Hartwell GR. Diagnosis. In: Cohen S, Hargreaves KM, eds. Pathways of the Pulp, 11th ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby/Elsevier; 2011:2-39.
[4]. Schweitzer JL. The endodontic diagnostic puzzle. Gen Dent 2009; Nov/Dec. 560-7.
[5]. Al Reader, Nusstein J, Hargreaves KM. Local anesthesia in endodontics. Pathways of the pulp. 9th ed. St. Louis, Missouri: Mosby/Elsevier 2006.

Abstract: Ectopic eruption of tooth within dentate region of jaw is often noticed in clinical practice. But, in non dentate region, it is rare and scantily documented. We present a case of intraseptal ectopic supernumerary tooth in which the principle complaint was unilateral nasal obstruction . Ectopic tooth could be a cause for deviated nasal septum. Great suspicion is essential for clinician to consider this matter in patient with nasal obstruction..

Keywords: ectopic tooth, intraseptal, Supernumerary

[1]. Worth HM. Principles and practice of oral radiologic interpretations. (Year book medical publishers Inc, Chicago iii 1968) ; 101-105.
[2]. Arunkumar JS, Prasad KC, Shanthi N. Nasal Teeth: A Case Report. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg.2007;59(2):197-8. [PMC free article] [Pubmed]
[3]. Chen A, Huang JK, Cheng SJ, Sheu CY. Nasal teeth: Report of Three Cases. Am J Neuroradiol. 2002;23(4):671-3. [Pubmed]
[4]. Smith RA, Gordoin NC, De-Luchi SF. Intranasal teeth:report of two cases and review of literature. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1979; 47:120-22.
[5]. Thawley SE, Ferriere KA. Supernumerary nasal tooth. Laryngoscope 1977;87:1770-1773. Medline

Abstract: Radon 222 is an odorless and colorless natural radioactive element which can endanger human health through the air inhalation and ingestion of contaminated food or water. The increase of the received effective dose of Radon 222 causes lung and stomach cancers in longtime. In the cross-sectional descriptive study, 24 samples of tap drinking water were collected from 8 regions of Jask City in June 2013. The concentration of Radon 222 was measured by Radon meter (model RTM1688-2). The effective dose of Radon 222 received by drinking water was calculated for various age groups by the equation of UNSCEAR. The range and the geometric mean of Radon 222 concentration was 105-304 Bq/m3 and 198.861.9Bq/m3, respectively.

[1]. Oner, F., et al., The measurements of radon concentrations in drinking water and the Yeşilırmak River water in the area of Amasya in Turkey. Radiation protection dosimetry, 2009. 133(4): p. 223-226.
[2]. Kam, E. and A. Bozkurt, Environmental radioactivity measurements in Kastamonu region of northern Turkey. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 2007. 65(4): p. 440-444.
[3]. Ahmad, N., M.S. Jaafar, and M.S. Alsaffar, Study of radon concentration and toxic elements in drinking and irrigated water and its implications in Sungai Petani, Kedah, Malaysia. Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences, 2015.
[4]. M.Rožmaric, et al., Natural radionuclides in bottled drinking waters produced in Croatia and their contribution to radiation dose. Science of the Total Environment, 2012. 437: p. 53-60.
[5]. Oner, F., et al., The measurements of radon concentrations in drinking water and the Yeşilirmak River water in the area of Amasya in Turkey. Radiation protection dosimetry, 2009: p. ncp049.

Abstract: With increasing number of laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed worldwide, there has been increasing cases of complications related to it. One of which is gallbladder content spillage and its complications. Here I present study of 25 such cases randomly selected during my period of surgical residency from july 2012 to november 2014, I have tried to evaluate factors affecting it, its age/sex incidence, incidence according to gall bladder status, post operative complications in form of Surgical site infection, Peritonitis, Increased hospital stay, etc

[1]. Bailey and Love short practice of surgery 25th Edition chapter 63
[2]. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy an evidence based guide by ferdinandoagresta, 1st edition, page no. 23,24.
[3]. Evolution of cholecystectomy: A tribute to Carl August Langenbuch. Indian Journal of Surgery 2004;66:97-100.
[4]. Gray's anatomy, 39th edition, page no. 243-245.
[5]. Laparoscopic surgery of the abdomen By Bruce V. MacFadyen, 1st edition, chapter 15, page no.127
[6]. Maingot's abdominal operations 11th edition
[7]. Mastery of surgery, 5th edition, chapter 97

Abstract: Dental caries is rapid emerging oral health problem amongst children of India. It incidence varies from 31 to 89% in different states of India. The present study carried out with twin objective of evaluating dental caries in 5- 13-year-old children in one part of rural India and also to assess various barrier factors for under utilization of dental services among population. The caries prevalence was noticed 48.24% with mean1.0010 ± 1.3498 and is significantly related to father's occupation, total family size. The caries prevalence was high among the children whose fathers were agriculturists and daily wage farm laborers and directly proportional to the size of the family.

[1]. Census of India 2001.population projections for India and States 2001-2026.(Revised December). Report of the Technical group on Population projects constituted by the National Co mmission on Population MAY 2006.Office of Reg istar, General and Census commissioner India. Textbook of basic oral health surveys- WHO 1997.
[2]. Petersen PK -The World Oral Health Report 2003 - Continuous improvement of oral health in the 21st century - the approach of the WHO Global Oral Health Programme
[3]. Gupta A, Marya CM, Dahiya V, Bhatia HP, Dhingra S.Preventing Dental Caries in Children: Indian Scenario. Kathmandu Univ Med J 2012; 37(1):77-82
[4]. Stella Y.L Kwan, health pro moting schools: an opportunity for oral health pro motion. Bu llet in of World Health Organizat ion 2005; 83: 677-685.