iosr-JDMS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-9 ~ September-2016

Abstract: The most common germ cell tumor of ovary is mature cystic teratoma (MCT). Malignant transformation occurs in 1-2% of the cases, and most of the malignancy from the MCT are squamous cell carcinoma, representing 75% of malignant transformation. The incidence of malignant transformation of adenocarcinoma is rare about 6.8%. Here we present a rare case coexistence of mucinous adenocarcinoma with benign cystic teratoma in the same ovary with omental, pelvic and para aortic node metastasis..............

Keywords:Mature cystic teratoma, Mucinous adenocarcinoma, Nodal metastasis.

[1]. Griffiths D, Wass J, Look K, Sutton G. Malignant degeneration of a mature cystic teratoma five decades after
discovery. GynecolOncol. 1995; 59:427–429. [PubMed]
[2]. Rose PG, Tak WK, Reale FR. Squamous cell carcinoma arising in a mature cystic teratoma with metastasis to the paraaortic
nodes. GynecolOncol. 1993;50:131–133.[PubMed]
[3]. Krumerman MS, Chung A. Squamous carcinoma arising in benign cystic teratoma of the ovary: A report of four cases and review
of the literature. Cancer. 1977;39:1237–1242. [PubMed]
[4]. Peterson WF: Malignant degeneration of benign cystic teratomas of the overy; a collective review of the
literature. ObstetGynecolSurv 1957, 12: 793–830. 10.1097/00006254-195712000-00001PubMedView Article
[5]. Ueda G, Fujita M, Ogawa H, Sawada M, Inoue M, Tanizawa O: Adenocarcinoma in a benign cystic teratoma of the ovary: report of
a case with a long survival period. GynecolOncol 1993, 48: 259–263. 10.1006/gyno.1993.1044PubMedView Article

Abstract: Peripheral neuropathy due to alcohol abuse is common but often difficult to identify in its initial stages. Early identification and initiation of treatment would reduce its progression further limiting the disabilities. The study aims at identifying the pattern of peripheral neuropathy among alcohol dependent patients and grading its severity. The study adopts Toronto Clinical Neuropathy Scoring Scale (TCNS) which utilizes the clinical assessment of symptoms, sensory tests, and lower limb reflexes to find the occurrence of neuropathy and stratify its severity. It was carried out on 30 patients admitted at a tertiary hospital in Southern India with history suggestive of Alcohol Dependence Syndrome. In this study the prevalence of neuropathy was 63.3%. This included 23.3% with mild neuropathy, 13.3% with moderate neuropathy and 26.7% with severe neuropathy...........

Keywords: Alcohol, CAGE questionnaire, Peripheral neuropathy, TCNS, Total life time dose of ethanol.

[1]. Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL. Bradley's neurology in clinical practice.; 7th ed. United States of America: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2015.
[2]. Hanewinckel R, Oijen M, Ikram A, Doom PA. The epidemiology and risk factors of chronic polyneuropathy. Eur J Epidemiol 2016; 31:5-20.
[3]. Chopra K, Tiwari J. Alcoholic neuropathy: possible mechanisms and future treatment possibilities. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2011; 73(3):348-62.
[4]. Koike H, Sobue G. Alcoholic neuropathy. Curr Opin Neurol 2006; 19(5):481-6.
[5]. Ropper A, Samuels M, Klein J. Adams and Victor's priciples of Neurology; 10th ed. United States of America: McGraw Hill professional; 2014.

Abstract: Objective: Study was embarked upon to study the incidence of various types of benign lesions of larynx and their modes of clinical presentation, etiological factors and correlate the clinical and histopathological diagnosis. Patients: A total of 40 patients with benign laryngeal lesions were involved in the study with Hoarseness/change in voice; difficulty in breathing; foreign body sensation in the throat; pain on speaking and fatigue of voice and common cold; the findings were correlated with indirect laryngoscopy;. The patients were in the age group of 9- 62 years. Patients with clinical diagnosis of malignancy of larynx; all cases with inflammatory lesions; patients with speech defect due to central nervous system (CNS) lesions; patients with oral and pharyngeal pathology; and cases with nasal and nasopharyngeal pathology, were excluded from the study.........

Keywords: Benign lesions larynx,clinicopathological, histopathological,hoarsness of voice, microlaryngoscopic examination, , vocal cord nodule, vocal cord polyp.

[1]. Pradhan S. Voice conservative surgery inlaryngealcancer. 1 st
edition. Mumbai: Lloyds publishing house; 1997;Chapter 1: p.1.
[2]. Sharma DK, Sohal BS, Bal MS, Aggarwal S. Clinico-Pathological Study of 50 Cases of Tumours of Larynx. Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. 2013;65(Suppl 1):29-35.
[3]. Gaelyn GC, Ossof RH. Hoarseness. Medical Clinics of North America. 1999, Jan; 83:115-123.
[4]. New GB and Erich JB. Benign tumours of the larynx- a Study of 722 cases. Archieves of Otolaryngology. 1938; 28(6):841–910.
[5]. Chopra H, Kapoor M. Study of benign glottic lesions undergoing microlaryngeal surgery. Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and
Head and Neck Surgery. 1997; 49(3):276-279.

Abstract: Sacrum is a triangular bone formed by fusion of five sacral vertebrae (S1-S5). It forms the lower part of vertebral column. The opening present at the lower end of sacral canal is known as sacral hiatus. It is formed by failure of fusion of lamina of fifth sacral vertebra in midline. Shape and extent of the sacral hiatus is variable. So our study is directed to find out such variations. The remnants of the inferior articular process of S5 elongates downward on both sides of the sacral hiatus. These two bony process are known as sacral cornua (horns). It is very important landmark to locate the sacral hiatus during caudal epidural anaesthesia and analgesia. In our present study we have summarised the variations in the sacral hiatus according to its shape and extent..

Keywords: Sacral hiatus , sacral cornua, caudal epidural anaesthesia.

[1]. Standring S,Newell RLM, Collins P, Healy JC; Grays Anatomy, The anatomical basis of clinical practice. 40th
edt.SPAIN,CHURCHILL Livingstone Elsevier,2008;pp724-728.
[2]. Faruqui NA. Human osteology. 2nd ed. New Delhi:CBS Publishers ; 2000. P. 206-214.
[3]. Trotter M, Letterman GS. Variations of the femalesacrum; their significance in continuous caudalanalgesia. Surg Gynaecol obstet
1994;78(4):419-424.
[4]. Edwards WB, Hingson R. Continuous caudal anaesthesia in obstetrics. Am J Surg 1942;57: 459-464.
[5]. Moore KL, Dalley AF. Clinically oriented anatomy.5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and wilkins; 2006.P.490-495.

Abstract: Introduction: low card retention and utilization has been shown by different studies determining immunization coverage in developing countries. The present study aims at assessing the prevalence of vaccination card retention of children between 12 to 23 months age by their parents in a rural area of Tripura. Material and Methods: a community based cross-sectional study has been conducted among parents of 330 children of 12 to 23 months using Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) technique in Mohanpur, the rural field practice area under Department of Community Medicine, Agartala Government Medical College........

Keywords: Children, rural, Tripura, vaccination card retention.

[1]. Levy J. Baseline Survey - Final Report: 2008 Polio Survey Results: India. [Last accessed on 2016 Aug 8]; Available from: http://www.comminit.com/africa/content/baseline-survey-final-report-2008-polio-survey-results-india.
[2]. MCP Card. National Health Mission. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. Maternal health: guidelines
[Online]. Available from:http://nrhm.gov.in/images/pdf/programmes/maternal-health/guidelines/mcp_card1.pdf [last accessed on 2016 Aug 9].
[3]. Cutts, FT, Izurieta, HS, Rhoda, DA. Measuring coverage in MNCH: design, implementation, and interpretation challenges associated with tracking vaccination coverage using household surveys. PLoS Med 2013;10:e1001404.
[4]. Abhishek K. Mohanty S.K. Understanding the Factors Associated with Slow Progress in Childhood Immunization in India.XXVI
IUSSP International Population Conference, Marrakech. 2009 27 Sep-3 Oct; pp. 1-11.
[5]. WHO: Monitoring immunization services using the lot quality technique. WHO global programme for vaccines and immunization,
vaccine research and development, Geneva. 1996;1-57.

Abstract: This study investigated that the modulation of cannabinoid (CB) or TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid) in inflammatory orofacial pain. Experiments were carried out using adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 240 to 280 g. Formalin (5%, 30 μl) were applied subcutaneously to the vibrissa pad. For each animal, the number of noxious behavioral responses, including rubbing or scratching of the facial region proximal to the injection site, was recorded for 9 sequential 5 minute intervals. Anandamide (AEA), a CB1 agonist, was injected subcutaneously on 20 minute prior to formalin injection. The subcutaneous injection from 0.03 to 0...........

Keywords: Antinociception, Cannabinoid (CB), Inflammatory pain, Nociceptive behavior, TRPV1.

[1]. N. Egashira, T. Matsuda, E. Koushi, F. Higashihara, K. Mishima, S. Chidori, Hasebe N, K. Iwasaki, R. Nishimura, R. Oishi, and M. Fujiwara, Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol prolongs the immobility time in the mouse forced swim test: involvement of cannabinoid CB(1) receptor and serotonergic system, European Journal of Pharmacology, 2008, 28: 117-121.
[2]. E. Muro, T. Pons, N. Lequeux, A. Fragola, N. Sanson, Z. Lenkei, and B. Dubertret, Small and stable sulfobetaine zwitterionic quantum dots for functional live-cell imaging, Journal of American Chemistry Society, 2010, 7: 4556-45577.
[3]. K. Matsuda, Y. Mikami, K. Takeda, S. Fukuyama, S. Egawa, M. Sunamura, I. Maruyama, and S. Matsuno, The cannabinoid 1 receptor antagonist, AM251, prolongs the survival of rats with severe acute pancreatitis, The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine, 2005, 207: 99-107.
[4]. A. Papagianni, E. Kokolina, M. Kalovoulos, A. Vainas, C. Dimitriadis, and D. Memmos, Carotid atherosclerosis is associated with inflammation, malnutrition and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 2004, 5: 1258-1263.
[5]. M.B. Urtado, G.H. Gameiro, C.H. Tambeli, L. Fischer, C.B. Urtado, and M.C. Veiga, Involvement of peripheral TRPV1 in TMJ hyperalgesia induced by ethanol withdrawal, Life Sciences, 2007, 81: 1622-1626.

Abstract: Chronic abdominal pain is defined as constant or intermittent pain persisting for more than 3 months. It presents a diagnostic and treatment challenge to the general surgeons and it remains a common surgical problem. This study is done mainly in arriving the diagnosis of disease, by using various diagnostic modalities and to highlight the reliable investigation for various diseases causing chronic pain abdomen. The common etiologies for chronic recurrent pain abdomen in our hospital are Peptic ulcer, chronic pancreatitis, Gastritis, GERD, TB abdomen followed by malignancy. Endoscopy and diagnostic laparoscopy are found to be useful in the diagnosis of upper and lower abdominal pathologies respectively...........

Keywords: Abdominal pain, alcohol, diagnostic laparoscopy, peptic ulcer, smoking.

[1]. Short Practice of Surgery, Bailey & Love, 25th ed.
[2]. Textbook of surgery, Sabiston, 18th ed
[3]. Oxoford textbook of surgery,J. Morris and William C Wood, 2nd ed, vol 3
[4]. Mastery of Surgery, Joseph E Fisher, 5th ed.

Abstract: Allergic rhinitis is a common condition affecting 20% of population and causes significant morbidity. It is managed conservatively. But, allergy can be associated with co-morbidities like deviated nasal septum and hypertrophy of inferior turbinate. It's sequelae include chronic sinusitis and recurrent sinonasal polyposis.. This prospective clinical study was carried out in a tertiary hospital from September 2013-2015(24 months) to see whether surgery would significantly improve their symptoms. Patients were selected (n=50) with moderate to severe allergic rhinitis who were refractory to medical management alone and with significant complications. Though essential, surgery would not relieve of the patient from inherent allergy...........

Keywords: Allergy, polyp, rhinitis, sinonasal, sinusitis.

[1]. Bousquet J, Van Cauwenberge P et al, Allergic Rhinitis and it‟s impact on Asthma, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 108, 2001, S147-334.
[2]. Bousquet J, Bullinger M, Fayol C, et al: Assessment of quality of life in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis with the French version of the SF-36 Health Status Questionnaire. J Allergy Clin Immunol 94:182, 1994.
[3]. Mechanism and treatment of allergic rhinitis. IN: Durham SR, Editor, Scott & Brown‟s Otolaryngology, 6th Edvol.4, Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann: 1997
[4]. Huse IM, Hartz SC, Russel MW, Piercey G, Weiss S. Allergic Rhinitis may worsen asthma symptoms in children; the international asthma outcome registry. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996;155:A860
[5]. Settipane RJ, Hagy GW, Settipane GA. Long term risk factors for developing asthma and allergic rhinitis: a 23 year follow up study of college students. Allergy Proc 1994; 15:21-25.

Abstract: The study was conducted in 200 women who were screened with PAP smear and colposcopy out of them randomly selected 70 women underwent HPV DNA testing. In the study group maximum incidence of squamous intraepithelial lesion/invasive cancer was seen in the age group of over 40 years(70.7%).Of the women who underwent colposcopy there were 64(32%) women with abnormal findings, of which 39(60.9%) were found to have premalignant or malignant lesion.Among the women in whom Pap smear was taken 30(15%) women had abnormal cytology and 20 of the 30 (66.7%) women had SIL/CA in their biopsy.In the 70 women for whom HPV DNA testing was done,..........

Keywords: Cervical cancer,Colposcopy,HPV DNA test,Pap smear.

[1]. Purandare C.N, Down staging of cervical cancer in resource poor settings, J ObstetGynecol India Vol 60 No 2 May/June 2010 pp
205-206
[2]. A.Nandakumar,T.Ramnath&Meeshachaturvedi ,The magnitude of cancer in India ,Indian J Med Res 130,Sep 2009,pp219-221
[3]. VG Padubidri ,SN.Daftary, Shaw textbook of gynecology,16th edition, Chapter 38,cervical intra epithelial neoplasia,carcinoma
cervix pp 485(Elsevier, NewDelhi)
[4]. Pontus Naucler et al., Human Papilloma Virus and Papanicolaou tests to screenfor cervical cancer,The New England Journal of
Medicine, 357:16 Oct 18 2007.
[5]. Green .J et al, Risk factors for adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of cervix in women aged 20-44years : the U.K
National case control study of cervical cancer, British Journal of cancer 2003,89,2078-2086.

Abstract: The prime purpose of a suture is to hold the wound edges together until it has healed sufficiently to withstand stress and strain on its own.The varieties of sutures are increasing day by day and it is posing an important task before surgeons to select an ideal suture material. The aim of this study is to know which suture material is most reliable for midline abdominal closure In terms of delayed absorption,tensile strength and minimal tissue reaction and at the same time cost effective.The suture materials used in this study are Polyglactin 910 (Vicryl),Pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (Proline),Polyamide (Nylone) and Polydioxanone (PDS)..........

Keywords: Midline abdominal closure,Nylone,Polydioxanone, Proline, Vicryl.

[1]. Case,GD;Glen,G.F.et al:Comparision of absorbable sutures in urinary bladder,Urology,7:165-68,1976.
[2]. Anscombe,A.r.;Hira,N et al:The use of a new absorbable suture material in general surgery.Brit.J.Surg,57:917,1970.
[3]. Moynihan B G A (1920) British Journal of Surgery 8, 27.
[4]. Agrawal A;Role of different suture material in tissue susceptibility to infection Indian journal of surgery 1990 oct.33(10)383-8.
[5]. Hodgson NC,Malthaner RA,Ostbye T.The search of an ideal method of abdominal fascial closure:a metaanalysis.Ann Surg 231:436-442.

Abstract: To assess whether Vitamin-D supplements given to women during pregnancy can safely improve maternal and neonatal outcome by preventing Preeclampsia. Materials And Methods: This is an interventional and prospective study by including primi and multi gravida attending antenatal clinic-Dept. of OBG, Gandhi hospital, Secunderabad. Cases-50 pregnant women supplemented with Vit-D during antenatal period.Age and gravida matched controls-50 pregnant women not supplemented with Vit-D..For all the woman included in the study, that is, cases and controls vitamin- d level was estimated twice, once in 1st trimester and again in 3rd trimester......

Keywords: ..........

[1]. Roberts J .preeclampsia a two stage disorder.In Lyal F,Belfort M,Preeclampsia etiology and clinical practice .Newyork:Cambridge
university Press 2007.pp.183-94.
[2]. Robinson CJ, Wagner CL, Hollis BW, Baatz JE, Johnson DD. Maternal vitamin D and fetalgrowth in early-onset severe
preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011;204:556.e1–4
[3]. Maghbooli Z, Hossein-nezhad A, Karimi F, Shafaei AR, Larijani B. Correlation between vitamin D3 deficiency and insulin
resistance in pregnancy. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2008;24:27–32.
[4]. Merewood A, Mehta SD, Chen TC, Bauchner H, Holick MF. Association between vitamin D deficiency and primary cesarean
section. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009;94:940–5.
[5]. Hensel KJ, Randis TM, Gelber SE, Ratner AJ. Pregnancy-specific association of vitamin D deficiency and bacterial vaginosis. Am J
Obstet Gynecol 2011;204:41.e1–9.

Abstract: Greater awareness about the benefits of orthodontic treatment and increasing life expectancy is encouraging an increasing number of adult patients to seek orthodontic treatment. This presents new opportunities for the speciality of Orthodontics. But along with the opportunities there are also a new set of challenges. Adult patients are more likely to suffer from systemic diseases and consequently there is an increased likelihood that they would be under various kinds of medications. A group of drugs which is widely
used for treating and ameliorating the pain and suffering of millions around the world today is – Corticosteroids........

Keywords: Corticosteroids, Orthodontic tooth movement.

[1]. Lee W Graber, Robert L Vanarsdall, Katherine W L Vig and Greg J Huang; Orthodontics: Current Principles and Techniques; 6th
Edition; Elsevier: 2016; p482-483
[2]. Sona Pabari , David R. Moles, Susan J. Cunningham; Assessment of motivation and psychological characteristics of adult
orthodontic patients; AJODO; December 2011,Volume 140, Issue 6, Pages e263–e272
[3]. Sumathi Reddy; Why More Adults Are Getting Braces: The Wall Street Journal; Weblog. Available form:
http://www.wsj.com/articles/why-more-adults-are-getting-braces-1444066342 (Accessed 04 July 2016)
[4]. L. Christensen & F. Luther; Adults seeking orthodontic treatment: expectations, periodontal and TMD issues; British Dental Journal
218, 111 - 117 (2015)
[5]. Verna C, Dalstra M, Melsen B. The rate and the type of orthodontic tooth movement is influenced by bone turnover in a rat model.
Eur J Orthod. 2000 Aug; 22 (4): 343-52

Abstract: The aim of this research was to describe some aspects of mortality from head and neck cancer patients treated at the University Hospital in the city of Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted, describing the characteristics of the deaths from cancer of the head and neck, between 2010 and 2014, using secondary data from the Ministry of Health of Brazil. In the period of data collection, there were 370 deaths caused by head and neck cancer, mainly located in the mouth and tongue area. The highest incidence was male (69.5 %), over 50 years old (85.4%), with no education (27.3%), living in the capital of Alagoas (41.6%), principal place of death the hospital (56.2%).........

Keywords:head and neck cancer, mortality, incidence.

[1]. Fernandes GM, Bergmann A, Oliveira JF. Análise epidemiológica de população com câncer de cabeça e pescoço: influência sobre as complicações pós operatórias. Rev. Bras. Cir. Cabeça Pescoço, v.42, nº 3, p. 140-149, julho / agosto / setembro 2013.
[2]. Boing AF, Antunes JLF. Condições socioeconômicas e câncer de cabeça e pescoço: uma revisão sistemática de literatura. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, Florianópolis.; 2(16): 615- 22; 2011.
[3]. Aquino RCA, Lima MLPT, Menezes CRCX, Rodrigues M. Aspectos epidemiológicos da mortalidade por câncer de boca: conhecendo os riscos para possibilitar a detecção precoce das alterações na comunicação. Rev. CEFAC. 2015 Jul-Ago; 17(4):1254-1261
[4]. Campana IG, Goiato MC. Tumores de cabeça e pescoço: epidemiologia,fatores de risco, diagnóstico e tratamento. Revista Odontológica de Araçatuba, v.34, n.1, p. 20-26, Janeiro/Junho, 2013
[5]. BRASIL. Ministério da Saúde. Instituto Nacional do Câncer. Estimativa 2016: incidência de câncer no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: INCA, 2016. Disponível em http://www.inca.gov.br/bvscontrolecancer/publicacoes/edicao/Estimativa_2016.pdf Acesso em: 13 jul. 2016.

Abstract: Forensic dentistry is one of the most emerging specialties in dentistry. There are various measures which are source of information for the forensic dentists. These includes dental pulp, saliva, bite marks, rugoscopy, lip prints etc.. The current article deals with the patterned injuries as a forensic tool. It describes its classification, history, examination, collection of the records and its significance.........

Keywords:Bite marks, forensic odontology, patterned injury

[1]. Clark MA, Sandusky GE, Hawley DA, Pless JE, Fardal PM.et.al.(1991) Fatal and near fatal animal bite injuries. J Forensics
Sci.36:1256-1261
[2]. Furness J (1981) A general review of bite mark evidence. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2: 49-52.
[3]. Turvey EB(1999) Criminal Profiling: An introduction to behavioral Evidence Analysis. London: Academic Press.
[4]. Gall J.A.M., Boos S.C., Payne-James J.J., Culliford E.J. (2003), "Forensic Medicine – Colour Guide‟, Churchill Livingstone.
[5]. Pierce LJ, Strickland DJ, Smith ES (1990) The case of Ohio vs Robinson: an 1870 bite mark case. Am J Forensic Med Pathol
11:171-177

Abstract: Background:- Lumbar disc prolapse is common entity and if the patient requires discectomy the primary method of care in most centres is still open discectomy. This case review describes transforaminal endoscopic spinal surgery (TESS) in lateral position.Lateral position is helpful in patients who cannot tolerate prone position. It is generally performed as a day care surgery under Local anaesthesia & Intravenous sedation.........

Keywords:Transforaminal Endoscopic Spinal Surgery; Lateral Position.

[1]. Gibson, J.N., Waddell, G. Surgical interventions for lumbar disc prolapse: updated Cochrane review. Spine.2007;32:1735–1747.
[2]. Hirsch, J.A., Singh, V., Falco, F.J.E., Benyamin, R.M., Manchikanti, L. Automated percutaneous lumbar discectomy for the contained herniated lumbar disc: a systematic assessment of evidence. Pain Physician.2009;12:601–620.
[3]. Hoogland, T. Transforaminal endoscopic discectomy with foraminoplasty for lumbar disc herniation. Surg Techn Orthop Traumat. 2003;99:320–323.
[4]. Ruetten, S., Komp, M., Godolias, G. An extreme lateral access for the surgery of lumbar disc herniations inside the spinal canal using the full-endoscopic uniportal transforaminal approach-technique and prospective results of 463 patients. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2005;30:2570–2578.
[5]. Gotfryd, A., Avanzi, O. A systematic

Abstract: Introduction: The tricuspid valve is a heterogeneous structure with great variability in its structure and has remained unexamined despite intense interest in cardioanatomy. The tricuspid valve complex is of great clinical importance in the light of progress in cardiosurgery and the development of novel operating techniques. Materials and methods: The present work was done by dissecting 42 formalin fixed adult human hearts. The sex of human was not considered. The following observations were taken (a ) number of cusps (b)number of papillary muscles and their variations..........

Keywords: Human heart, right ventricle, tricuspid valve, papillary muscle, variation.

[1]. Walls E.W. (1995).The blood vascular and lymphatic systems. In: Romanes G.J.: Cunningham'sTextbook of Anatomy. Oxford University Press, New York.Pp. 871-1008.
[2]. Tandler J (1913) Anatomie des Herzens. In: Handbuch der Anatomie des Menchen. Van Bardeleben K (ed.). G. Fischer, Jena 84-90
[3]. Testut L, Latarjet A (1948) Traite d' anatomie humaine. Vol. II. G. Doin Cie, Paris.
[4]. Jastrzebski C (1926) O zmiennosci ksztattu zastawki trojdzielnej serca I o otworach wrodzonych w jej platkach. Kosmos, Seria A, Biologia, 51:191.
[5]. Wafae N, Hayashi H, Gerola LR, Vieira MC. Anatomical study of the human tricuspid valve. Surg Radical Anat 1990; 12(1): 37-41

Abstract: Prevalence of non-communicable diseases are higher among the Sri Lankan society.Alarge roportion were carcinomas of different systems. The demographic transition has a pivotal role for this diseases burden. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are among rare clinical entity. At present private health sector in Sri Lanka is capable of detecting these neoplasms. This report presents probably the first case of Jejunal gastrointestinal stromal tumor operated recently in a 56-year-old female patient, in private hospital. The diagnosis, treatment, outcome, as well as literature review of the pathological identification, sites of origin and prognosis as presented as follows..........

Keywords: Leiomyosarcoma, anaemia, immunohistochemistry, enteroscopy.

[1]. De Silva CM, Reid R. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST): C-kit mutations, CD117 expression, differential diagnosis and targeted cancer therapy with Imatinib. Pathology and Oncology Research. 2003;9(1):13-9. Epub 2003 Apr 18.

[2]. Cichoz-Lach H, Kasztelan-Szczerbińska B, Słomka M.Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: epidemiology, clinical picture, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Polish Archives of Internal Medicine 2008 Apr;118(4):216-21.

[3]. Hirota S, Isozaki K, Moriyama Y, Hashimoto K, Nishida T, Ishiguro S, et al. Gain-of-function mutations of c-kit in human gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Science 1998. Jan;279(5350):577-580 10.1126/science.279.5350.577

[4]. Dhull AK, Kaushal V, Dhankhar R, et al. The Inside Mystery of Jejunal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor: A Rare Case Report and Review of the Literature. Case Reports in Oncological Medicine. 2011;2011:1–4.

[5]. Alexander B, Inga-Marie S, Philipp S, et al. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors. International Journalof Colorectal Disease. 2012;27:689–700.

Abstract: Background and aims:Propofol is a commonly used intravenous induction agent. But a significant side effect of propofol is pain on injection. In this study our aim was to compare the effectiveness of ondansetron pretreatment versus tramadol pre-treatment in alleviating propofol injection pain. Method: 300 patients were randomly assigned to one of the following three groups. Group I received 2 ml pre-treatment with 4 mg ondansetronin normalsaline, group II received 2 ml pre-treatment with 50 mg tramadol in normal saline, and group III received pre-treatment with 2 ml normal saline. A 20 gauge cannula was placed into the largest vein on the dorsum of the hand.........

Keywords: Ondansetron, pain on injection,pre-treatment, propofol, tramadol

[1]. Miller r.d. ,Millers anaesthesia ,7th edition, 720-728.
[2]. Sebel P.S., Lowdon J.D., Propofol: a new intravenous anesthetic, Anesthesiology,71, 1989, 260-277.
[3]. Tan C.H. and Onsiong M.K., Pain on injection of propofol, Anaesthesia, 53(5), 1989,468-476.
[4]. Massad I.M., Abu-ali H.M.et al, Venous occlusion with lignocaine for preventing propofol induced pain, Saudi Med journal, 27(70,
2006, 997-1000.
[5]. Ye J. H., Mui W.C., Ren J. et al, Ondanesetron exhibits the properties of a local anaesthetic, Anesthesia Analgesia,85(5), 1997,
1116-1121.

Abstract: Background: Anemia is an extremely common problem associated with increased morbidity, poor quality of life regardless of aetiology . Anemia especially observed in geriatric community is more profound owing to the complications arising due to it. Material and Method : The present study was a descriptional cross sectional study conducted in the department of pathology of a tertiary care hospital carried over a period of twelve months i.e. July 2014- June 2015.All the patients above 60 years of age were considered..........

[1]. Udristioiu A, Cojocaru M, Florescu C,Radu Popescu MA ; Screening test for latent anemia in hospitalized adults over the age of 65
Labmedicine ,2010;41(5):288-291.
[2]. Tanne D, Molshatzki N,Merzeliak O, Tsabari R, Toshi M , Schwammenthal Y; Anemia status, haemoglobin concentration and
outcome after acute stroke : a cohort study , BMC Neurol.,2010 ;10:22.
[3]. Johnson M. Is 65+ old ? Social Policy . 1976 ( Nov/Dec ):9-12
[4]. Chernetsky A, Sofer O, Rafael C, Ben-Israel J (2002). Prevalence and etiology of anemia in an institutionalized geriatric population
Harefuah,2002;141:591-4,667.
[5]. Ania BJ, Suman VJ, Fairbanks VF . Incidence of anemia in older people : an epidemiologic study in a well defined population . J
Am Geriatr Soc. 1997; 45:825-831.[ Pub Med]

Abstract: Nonspecific clinical presentation of malaria leads to overtreatment in endemic areas and missing the diagnosis in low transmission areas. The Peripheral Blood smear is an established method in malaria diagnosis. However low sensitivity, cumbersome technique and need for specially trained persons for interpretation limits its usefulness. The antigen detection method is highly sensitive and specific method, however mixed cases have to be confirmed on smears and quantification of parasitemia cannot be done, also it involves high cost.........

Keywords: Antigen detection, malaria diagnosis, modified centrifuged blood smear, sensitive method, thrombocytopenia

[1]. Bhandari PL, Raghuveer CV, Rajeev A, Bhandari PD. Comparative study of peripheral blood smear, quantitative buffy coat and modified centrifuged blood smear in malaria diagnosis. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2008 Jan-Mar; 51(1): 108-12.
[2]. Lathia TB, Joshi R. Can hematological parameters discriminate malaria from non malarious acute febrile illness in the tropics. Indian J Med Sci 2004; 58: 239-244.
[3]. World Health organization, Guidelines for treatment of malaria. Geneva 2010; p. xi.
[4]. Malaria diagnosis (U.S.)-Microscopy, Global Health-division of Parasitic diseases, Centre for disease control and prevention (online) (cited 2011 Oct 26) Available from URL: http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/diagnosis_treatment/microscopy.html
[5]. Facer CA. Hematological aspects of malaria. In: Infection and hematology. Oxford: Butterworth Heinmann Ltd, 1994: 259-94.

Abstract: Introduction:Hernia repair is one of the most common surgical procedure performed by general surgeons. With increasing knowledge about accelerated rehabilitation, the surgeons are under pressure to reduce the duration of hospital stay, due to which the method of skin closure has gained importance. The two main techniques of skin closure used by surgeons, are removable skin staples and skin sutures. We decided to study the various skin closure techniques in hernia surgery..........

Keywords: Hernia, Staple, Suture, Subcuticular

[1]. Calabrese EJ. Historical foundations of wound healing and its potential for acceleration: dose-response considerations. Wound
repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society.
2013;21(2):180-93.
[2]. Aabakke AJ, Krebs L, Pipper CB, Secher NJ. Subcuticular suture compared with staples for skin closure after cesarean delivery: a
randomized controlled trial. Obstetrics and gynecology. 2013;122(4):878-84.
[3]. Brown JK, Campbell BT, Drongowski RA, Alderman AK, Geiger JD, Teitelbaum DH, et al. A prospective, randomized comparison
of skin adhesive and subcuticular suture for closure of pediatric hernia incisions: cost and cosmetic considerations. Journal of
pediatric surgery. 2009;44(7):1418-22.
[4]. Meiring L, Cilliers K, Barry R, Nel CJ. A comparison of a disposable skin stapler and nylon sutures for wound closure. South
African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde. 1982;62(11):371-2.

Abstract: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a condition which is characterised by the failure of closure of the ductus arteriosus after birth.Early symptoms include increased work of breathing and poor weight gain in infancy. If left untreated, PDA may lead to congestive cardiac failure with progressing age. We report a case wherein a three year old female child had been diagnosed with PDA and was referred to Cardiology for further management. She was planned for PDA device closure in Cath-Lab trans-cutaneously via femoral artery.........

Keywords: PDA (Patent Ductus Arteriosus), Hypotension, Arterial Line, Peripheral Pulsations, Anastomosis.

[1]. Boehm W, Emmel M, Sreeram N. The Amplatzer duct occluder for PDA closure: indications, technique of implantation and clinical
outcome. Images PaediatrCardiol 2007;9:16-26.
[2]. Masura J, Walsh KP, Thanopoulous B, Chan C, Bass J, Goussous Y, et al. Catheter closure of moderate- to largesized patent ductus
arteriosus using the new Amplatzer duct occluder: immediate and short-term results. J Am CollCardiol 1998;31:878-82.
[3]. Behjati-Ardakani M, Behjati-Ardakani MA, Hosseini SH, Noori N. Long-term results of transcatheter closure of patent ductus
arteriosus in infants using amplatzer duct occluder. Iran J Pediatr 2013;23:411-16.
[4]. Porstmann W, Wierny L, Warnke H. Closure of persistent ductus arteriosus without thoracotomy. Ger Med Mon 1967;12:259-61.

Abstract: Background: Pancytopenia is a common hematological problem in clinical practice. It is not by itself a specific disease but a triad of hematological findings resulting from number of disease processes involving the bone marrow. The severity and the underlying pathology of pancytopenia determines the management and prognosis of the patient. The present study has been undertaken to find out the various causes of pancytopenia by the evaluation of bone marrow findings, so that the data will help the clinicians in the better management of patients.......

Keywords: Pancytopenia , megaloblastic anemia , bone marrow examination

[1]. Khunger JM, Arculselvi S, Sharma U, Ranga S, Talib VH. Pancytopenia-A Clinico-hematological study of 200 cases. Indian J
PatholMicrobiol. 2002;45:375–9. [PubMed]
[2]. Guinan EC, Shimamura A. Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology. In: Greer JP, Foerster J, Lukens JN, Rodgers GM, Paraskevas F,
Glader B, editors. Acquired and inherited aplastic anemia syndromes. 11th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins;
2004. pp. 1397–419.
[3]. Jha A, Sayami G, Adhikari RC, Panta AD, Jha R. Bone MarrowExaminations in cases of Pancytopenia. J Nepal Med
Assoc2008;47:12-7.
[4]. Tilak V, Jain R. Pancytopenia-A Clinco-hematologic analysis of 77 cases. Indian J PatholMicrobiol. 1992;42:399–404. [PubMed]
[5]. Kumar R, Kalra SP, Kumar H, Anand AC, Madan M. Pancytopenia-A six year study. J Assoc Physicians India. 2001;49:1079–
81. [PubMed]

Abstract: Aim: To compare the transanal suture rectopexy with stapled haemorrhoidopexy in patients of haemorrhoids from clinical perspective. Methods: From January 2014 to January 2016, Eighty patients of haemorrhoids from grade II to IV were randomly assigned to undergo either the transanal suture rectopexy (n= 40) or the stapled haemorrhoidopexy (n=40). Outcome assessment was performed at 12 hours,24 hours, 2 days, 1 month and at 6 months. Variables included operative time, post-operative complications, resolution of symptoms, and recurrence..........

Keywords: Chivate`s procedure, transanal suture rectopexy, stapled haemorrhoidopexy, MIPH, haemorrhoids

[1]. Parks AG. De haemorrhoids: a study in surgical history. Guys Hosp Rep. 1955;104:135–156.

[2]. Loder P. B., Kamm M. A., Nicholls R. J., Phillips R. K. S. Haemorrhoids: pathology, pathophysiology and aetiology. The British Journal of Surgery. 1994;81(7):946–954. doi: 10.1002/bjs.1800810707.

[3]. Longo A (1998) Treatment of hemorrhoids disease by reduction of mucosa and haemorrhoidal prolapse with a circular suturing device: a new procedure; in Proceed. 6th World Congr Endoscop Surg, Rome, June 3–6

Abstract: Background: In the time of the humanitarian crisis, it is possible to see how the Maslow's theory can play a role in determining the different needs of individuals living in refugee camps. Our purpose is to provide an improved approach to structuring needs of refugees by using Maslow's schema. Methods: We conducted a quantitative study among Syrian refugees consulting in Moroccan Field Hospital in Za'atari camp between august and September 2013. Data were obtained by using a questionnaire created by integrating Maslow's hierarchy of needs and a principal components factor analysis was conducted........

Keywords: Refugees; Maslow needs; principal components analysis; Moroccan field hospital.

[1]. SPHERE 2004 : The Sphere Project. (2004). Humanitarian charter and minimum standards in disaster response. URL.
http://www.sphereproject.org/ (accessed November , 2013).
[2]. Maxwell, D., Webb, P., Coates, J., & Wirth, J. (2010). Fit for purpose? Rethinking food security responses in protracted
humanitarian crises. Food Policy, 35, 91 - 97.
[3]. Salama, P., Spiegel, P., Talley, L., & Waldman, R. (2004). Lessons learned from complex emergencies over the past decade.
Lancet, 364, 1801 - 1813.
[4]. Spiegel, P., Checchi, F., Colombo, S., & Palk, E. (2010). Health-care needs of people affected by conflict: future trends and
changing frameworks. Lancet, 375 (9711), 341 - 345.
[5]. Hamel S., Leclerc G., Lefrancois, R. (2003). A psychological outlook on the concept of transcendent actualization. The
International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 13(1), 3−15

Abstract: The dental lasers of today have benefited from field of quantum mechanics, initially formulated during the early 1900s by Danish physicist Bohr. The first laser use in endodontics was reported by Weichman & Johnson (1971) who attempted to seal the apical foramen in vitro by means of a high power-infrared (CO2) laser. In May 1990, Myers and Myers developed the first specialized dental laser (pulsed Nd:YAG) called de-lase300.

Keywords: Laser, Co2, Nd-YAG, Pulp

[1]. Pathways of Pulp (9th Ed.) – S.Cohen
[2]. Art & Science of Operative Dentistry – Sturdevant
[3]. Textbook of Endodontics (6th Ed.)– Ingle
[4]. Review of lasers in endodontics,DCNA 2004 VOL 48, P 809 – 832,DCNA – 2005
[5]. Evaluating dental lasers:what the clinician should know, Dent Clin N Am 48 (2004) 1127–1144