iosr-JDMS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-9 ~ September-2016

Abstract: Introduction: Corneal ulcer is one of the most common causes of preventable blindness especially in developing countries like India. Cataract and corneal diseases are major causes of blindness in countries with less-developed economies. According to the World Health Organization, corneal diseases are among the major causes of vision loss and blindness in the world today, after cataract and glaucoma. As the corneal ulcer is the leading cause of this problem this study has been taken up to go into the details of etiology and incidence of various organisms causing corneal ulcers................

Keywords: FB-Foreign Body, NBG-Non Bacterial Group, TKP-Total Kerato Plasty

[1]. Garg P, Krishna PV, Stratis AK, Gopinathan U. The value of corneal transplantation in reducing blindness. Eye (Lond)2005;19:1106-14.
[2]. Causes of blindness and visual impairment. Available from: http://www.who.int/blindness/causes/en/. [Last accessed on 2011 October 30]
[3]. Hagan M, Wright E, Newman M, et al. Causes of suppurative keratitis in Ghana. Br J Ophthalmol 1995;79:1024–8
[4]. Panda A, Sharma N, Das G, et al.Mycotic keratitis in children: epidemiologic and microbiologic evaluation. Cornea 1997;16:295–9.
[5]. Gugani HC, Talwar RS, Njoku-Obi AN, et al. Mycotic keratitis in Nigeria.A study of 21 cases. Br J Ophthalmol 1976;60:607–13.

Abstract: Clinical diagnosis, though usually correct, sometime may be challenging. This is due to the complexity of medical science. Here is a patient, who is diagnosed as recurrent appendicitis but after routine ultrasonography, come out to be a case of horseshoe kidney. When complications occur in such a kidney; it present as some other abdominal pathology. This is because horseshoe kidney is not a commonly considered clinical condition. Textbook says it is possible, but it is difficult to consider this during routine clinical practice.

Keywords:- Congenital abnormality, Horseshoe kidney, Appendicitis, Diagnostic confusion.

[1]. T W SADLER: Langman‟s Medical Embryology: 12th edition (2012) p. 232-240.
[2]. Emil A Tanagho and Jack W McAninch: SMITH‟S General Urology: 12th edition (1988) p. 502-504.
[3]. John Blandy and Christopher Fowler: Urology: 2nd edition (1996) P. 85-86.
[4]. R C G Russel et al : Bailey & Love‟s Short practice of surgery: 23rd edition (2000) p-1174.
[5]. Herold Ellis et al: General Surgery: 12th edition (2010), p- 335-336.

Abstract: Background and Objectives: Alcoholism is one of the major health issue posing a risk on an individual's life and socio economic development of the world. Various conventional treatment modalities have been used as a remedy for alcoholism. Yoga Nidra, a relaxation technique, is easily practiced and cost effective tool to manage these symptoms. The main objectives of the study are to assess whether Yoga Nidra is having effect on controlling withdrawal symptoms balance and gait among alcoholic dependent individuals..........

Keywords: Alcohol Dependent Individuals, Alcoholism, Balance, Gait, Withdrawal Symptoms and Yoga Nidra.

[1]. Mukherjee S. Alcoholism and its effects on the central nervous system, Current Neuro vascular Res 2013, 10(3), 256-262.
[2]. Hoffman JW, Benson H, Arns PA, Stainbrook GL, Landsberg GL, Young JB, Reduced sympathetic nervous system responsivity associated with the relaxation response. Science, 1982, 215, 190–192.
[3]. Longo, Fauci, Kasper, Hauser, Jameson, Loscalzo, Harrison's principles of Internal Medicine, 18th edition.
[4]. Benson H, Greenwood MM, Klemchuk H,The relaxation response: Psycho physiologic aspects and clinical applications, International Journal Psychiatry Med, 1975, 6, 87–98.
[5]. Girodo M. Yoga meditation and flooding in the treatment of anxiety neurosis, J Behav Ther Exp Psychia,. 1974, 5, 157–160.

Abstract: Alvarado score is an objective assessment of right lower quadrant pain. Alvarado score is based on sophisticated statistical analysis of symptoms, signs and laboratory data in acute appendicitis. The score ≥ 7 indicates high probability of acute appendicitis. Practically speaking, it is equivalent to one`s degree of clinical suspicion. Therefore this scoring system is used to reach the clinical diagnosis. It is considered that use of the scoring system to make the clinical diagnosis would allow uniformity as more than one senior surgical resident are involved in making the decision. Other studies have shown that Alvarado score has the accuracy of 88%................

Keywords: Alvarado score, Ultrasonography, Appendicitis

[1]. A. Mohamed , N. Bhat. Avute appendicitis Dilemma of Diagnosis and Management. The Internet journal of surgery. 2009 volume
23 number 2.
[2]. Murali Manohar R, Rahul Inganalcomparative study between Alvarado score and ultrasonography in correlation to histopatholgy
report for diagnosis of acute appendicitis. International Journal of recent trends in science and technology, ISSN 2277-2812 e-ISSN
2249-8109, vol 13, issue 1, 2014 pp 117-120.
[3]. Bassem Abou Merhi, Mahmoud Khali and Nabil Daoud: Comparison of Alvarado score evaluation and clinical judgement in acute
appendicitis, Med Arch. 2014 feb; 68(1): 10-13.
[4]. Marilyn Zelesco AMS: ultrasound of the vermiform appendix, educational supplement, Sound Effects, june 2001, p 32-37.
[5]. Stephens PL, Mazzucco JJ:comparison of ultrasound and the Alvarado score for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis PMID:
10218289, Connecticut Medicine (1999, 63(3):113-140)

Abstract: Pleural effusion is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity influencing the respiratory process in causing difficulties in the normal movement of the lungs. Pleural effusion is caused by a variety of diseases, including pulmonary infections, pleural tumour metastasis and tuberculous pleurisy. Objective: To investigate the diagnostic usefulness of pleural effusion CRP levels in the differential diagnosis of infectious pleural effusion and in discriminating exudative from transudative effusions..............

Keywords: Pleural effusion, C-reactive protein, Diagnostic usefulness

[1]. Light RW. Clinical practice. Pleural effusion. New England J Med. 2002;346:1971-7.
[2]. Hakani L, Mitre A. The diagnostic value of C-reactive protein and adenosine deaminase biomarkers for differentiation of exudative
pleural effusion. Int J Res Med Sci 2016;4:975-9.
[3]. Porcel J. M. Tuberculous pleural effusion. Lung 187, 263–270 (2009).
[4]. Light R. W. Pleural effusions. Med Clin of North Am 95, 1055–1070 (2011).
[5]. Castan Ä, Vidriales JL, Amores Antequera C. Use of pleural fluid C-reactive protein in laboratory diagnosis of pleural effusions.
Eur J Med 1992; 1:201-207

Abstract: Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is extensively used as a spice, food preservative and colouring material in South East Asia , China and. India. It has been used in traditional medicine as a household remedy for various diseases, including hepatic disorders ,biliary disorders, anorexia, cough, diabetic wounds, , rheumatism and sinusitis. For the last few decades, extensive work has been done to establish the biological activities and pharmacological actions of turmeric and its extracts. Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), which is the main yellow bioactive component of turmeric has shown to have a wide spectrum of biological actions. These include its antioxidant,antiinflammatory, anticarcinogenic antimutagenic, anticoagulant, antifertility, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antiviral, antifibrotic, antivenom, antiulcer, hypotensive and hypocholesteremic activities.

[1]. Curcumin: A wonder anticancer drug. Yogesh Panditrao Palve, P.L. Nayak. Int J Pharm Biomed Sci 2012, 3(2), 60-69.
[2]. Curcumin: The Indian Solid Gold. Bharat B. Aggarwal, Chitra Sundaram, Nikita Malani,and Haruyo Ichikawa SVNY332-Aggarwal
December 22, 2006 16:34.
[3]. Bioavailability of Curcumin: Problems and Promises Preetha Anand, Ajaikumar B.
[4]. Kunnumakkara, Robert A. Newman, and Bharat B. Aggarwal .Mol. Pharmaceutics, 2007, 4 (6), 807-818.
[5]. Lechtenberg M, Quandt B, Nahrstedt A. Quantitative determination of curcuminoids in

Abstract: Vault prolapse is a common complication following hysterectomy with a negative impact on women's quality of life due to associated urinary, anorectal and sexual dysfunction. Management is individualized taking into consideration ageof patient,co-morbidities,previous surgery and sex life. Main objective is to study the incidence of vault prolapse following hysterectomy and to choose appropriate procedure for correction of defect and analysis of intra-operatve and post-operative complications. All cases with vault prolapsed admitted in Siddhartha General Hospital, Gynaec ward from2010 to 2015 are included in the study..............

[1]. International Journal of Gynaec Plastic Surgery – Vol IV, Issue 1, May 2012.
[2]. Sharma J.B.Murali S. Vault Prolapse: a review. Int. J. Gynaec Plastic Surgery. 2012; 2;11-5
[3]. Nygaard IE McCreery R.Brubaker L, Connolly A, Cundiff G, Weber AM, et al Abdominal Sacrocolpopexy; a comprehensive review, obstet Gynaec 2004; 104; 805-23.
[4]. Joss JW. Techniques of Laparoscopic repair of total vault eversion after hysterectomy. J Am Assoc Gynaec Laparoscopic. 1997; 4:173-83

Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the results of external fixation of intertrochanteric fractures in very highrisk geriatric patients done under local anaesthesia. Design: Prospective clinical study. Settings: Level-1 trauma Centre. Patients: forty eightvery high anaesthetic/surgicalrisk geriatric patients with intertrochanteric fractures. Intervention: Close reduction and external fixation using local anaesthesia supplemented by analgesics. Outcome Measured: Fracture Union, Time To Union, Pin Tract Infection Rate And Return To Daily Activities. Results: Forty eight patients with average age of 79.5 years all high anaesthetic/surgical risk were managed by closed reduction and external fixation under local anaesthesia supplemented by analgesics. Sixteen patients died before fracture union, seven were lost in follow up after removal of fixator and in one patient fixator was removed early after loss of reduction.............

Keywords: intertrochanteric fractures, external fixation, local anaesthesia.

[1]. AntanioMoroni, Cesare Faldini, Francesco Pegreffietal Dynamic hip screw compared with external fixation for treatment of osteoporotic peritrochanteric fractures; jbjs volume 87-ANumber 4- April 2005.
[2]. Laskin L. S., Gruber M. A., ZimmmermanA.j. Intertrochanteric fractures of the hip in the elderly.
[3]. A retrospective analysis of 236 cases. Clin. Orthop., 1979, 141, 188-195.
[4]. Gillespie WJ. Hip fractures. BMJ 2001; 322; 968-75.
[5]. Baumgaertner MR. The peritrochanteric external fixation reduced pain, hospital stay, and mechanical complications in comparision with the sliding hip screw. Jbjs Am. 2002; 84; 1488.

Abstract: Introduction: Elderly constitute rapidly growing proportion of our population. About 10-15% elderly have mental health problems Aim: To study the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in elderly persons attending the outpatients department in GHMC Method: Study was conducted in Out-Patients in GHMC over 6 months and total of 180 patients aged 60-years and above was enrolled. Based on analysis prevalence rates were obtained. Results: Among the 180 patients, female patients [50.55%] the male patients (49.37%) A majority of our patients were from the 60-70 years age group [82.00%] prevalence of illness was..........

[1]. UN population Division: World population prospects, the 2000 revision. New York: United Nations publication; 2001.

[2]. Burns A, Lawlor B, Craig S. Rating scales in old age psychiatry. Br J Psychiatry. 2002;180:161–7.

[3]. Ganguli M, Ratcliff G, Chandra V, Sharma S, Gilby J, Pandav R, et al. A Hindi version of the MMSE: The development of a cognitive screening instrument for a largely illiterate rural elderly population in India.Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 1995;10:367–77.

[4]. Ganguli M, Chandra V, Gilby JE, Ratcliff G, Sharma SD, Pandav R, et al. Cognitive test performance in a community based non demented elderly sample in rural India: The Indo-US cross national dementia epidemiology study. IntPsychogeriatr. 1996;8:507–24. [PubMed]

Abstract: Splenic marginal zone lymphoma(SMZL) is a rare B-cell neoplasm comprising less than 2% of lymphoid neoplasms ,composed of small lymphocytes which surround and replace the splenic white pulp ,germinal centres,follicle mantle and merge with marginal zone.We report a case of SMZL in a 40 year old male patient presenting with complaints of low grade fever and left sided abdominal discomfort for 6 months and was noted to have massive splenomegaly on physical examination. Laboratory evaluation revealed leucocytosis and presence of atypical lymphocytes which were larger than mature lymphocytes having moderately basophilic cytoplasm with cytoplasmic processes at the poles of the cell with round to oval nucleus with clumped chromatin and indistinct nucleoli.Immunophenotypic analysis revealed a B-cell population with CD -20 positivity.

Keywords: Neoplasm,splenic,white pulp,germinal centre,splenomegaly.

[1]. Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Stein H, et al. A revised European-American classification of lymphoid neoplasms: a proposal from the
International Lymphoma Study Group. Blood. 1994;84:1361–1392.
[2]. Troussand X, Valensi F, Duchayne E, et al. Splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes: clinical presentation, biology and
prognostic factors in a series of 100 patients. Br J Haematol. 1996;93:731–736.
[3]. Brox A, Bishinsky JI, Berry G. Preliminary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the spleen. Am J Hematol. 1991;38:95–100.
[4]. Falk S, Stutte HJ. Primary malignant lymphomas of the spleen: a morphologic and immunohistochemical analysis of 17 cases.
Cancer. 1990;66:2612– 2619.
[5]. Pawade J, Wilkins BS, Wright DH. Low-grade B-cell lymphomas of the splenic marginal zone: a clinicopathological and
immunohistochemical study of 14 cases. Histopathology. 1995;27:129–137.

Abstract: WithOut Proper ManageMent For Aetio-Pathogenesis Factors, "Lactational Mastitis‟(LM) Is A Well Known Precursor & AccompaniMent Of Subsequent Varying Severity Of "Breast Abscess‟ (BA) Formation. The Comparative Statistical Analysis Evaluations Study Suggest That, Proper Breast Feeding, Hygeine Mantainence, Prevalent Nipple Areola Complex (NAC) Lesions Control (Plugged Nipples Etc.), NAC Ductal Patency Maintainence / Restorage With, Supportive Measures (Meticulous Breast Massages, Hot/Cold Compressions, Indigenious Milk Expression Either Wise) & Appropriate Medical Therapy, Large No.Of LM Cases Of Differing Duration & Severity...........

[1]. "mastitis" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary Barbosa-Cesnik C, Schwartz K, Foxman B (2003). "Lactation mastitis". JAMA289 (13): 1609–12. doi:10.1001/jama.289.13.1609. PMID 12672715.

[2]. "Non-infectious mastitis and milk stasis". Retrieved 2010-04-20.

[3]. Kvist, Linda J; Larsson, Bodil; Hall-Lord, Marie; Steen, Anita; Schalén, Claes (1 January 2008). "The role of bacteria in lactational mastitis and some considerations of the use of antibiotic treatment". International Breastfeeding Journal 3 (1): 6. doi:10.1186/1746-4358-3-6. PMC 2322959.PMID 18394188.

[4]. Antibiotics for mastitis in breastfeeding women. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PubMed Health. Review published 2013; Review content assessed as up-to-date: November 23, 2012.

[5]. Fetherston C. Risk factors for lactation mastitis. J Hum Lact 1998 Jun;14(2):101-9.

Abstract: Fractures of femur in adult age groups above 18 years treatment mainly by internal fixation by inter locking nailing in present days . in the pas it is by cast, traction followed by casting, external fixation ,plating, enders nailing, intra medullary nailing ( k nail ) But presently by more advanced interlocking nailing , by closed method, fracture hematoma and periosteum are not disturbed, with minimal incision for entry point of nail , nail and bone are locked by locking screws proximally and distally, so it gives rigid fixation and accurate anatomical alignment, that leads to early mobilization, early fracture healing ,less complications and high patient satisfactory rate1. This is prospective study of 28 patients with isolated femoral diaphyseal fractures in above 18 years age group with transverse ,short oblique and minimal comminuted fractures are treated . results are evaluated by radiological union, time of weight bearing and return to work ,complication rate, patient satisfaction, and scoring by klemm` s criteria..........

Keywords: inter locking nailing, Femoral shaft, adult age group.

[1]. Thoresen BO, Alho AN, Ekeland AR, Strømsøe K, Follerås G, Haukebø A. Interlocking intramedullary nailing in femoral shaft fractures. A report of forty-eight cases. JBJS Case Connector. 1985 Dec 1(9):1313-20.

[2]. Klemm KW, BÖRNER M. Interlocking nailing of complex fractures of the femur and tibia. Clinical orthopaedics and related research. 1986 Nov 1;212:89-100.

[3]. Johnson KD, Johnston DW, Parker BR. Comminuted femoral-shaft fractures: treatment by roller traction, cerclage wires and an intramedullary nail, or an interlocking intramedullary nail. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1984 Oct 1;66(8):1222-35.

[4]. Webb LX, Gristina AG, Fowler HL. Unstable femoral shaft fractures: a comparison of interlocking nailing versus traction and casting methods. Journal of orthopaedic trauma. 1988 Jan 1;2(1):10-2

[5]. Winquist RA, Hansen ST, Clawson DK. Closed intramedullary nailing of femoral fractures. A report of five hundred and twenty cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1984 Apr 1;66(4):529-39..

Abstract: Background/Aims: To assess the port site infections in patients who underwent Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in the department of Surgery at AGMC and GBP hospital and how to prevent port site infection. Design: Prospective Study Materials and Methods: In this study, a total number of 100 patients who underwent Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for Chronic Calcular Cholecystitis from January 2015 to June 2016 at our hospital were observed for port site infections. Culture Sensitivity were taken for all patients who developed Port site infections. Variables like Port site, Port size, causative organisms, Surgery-infection interval were analysed. Results: The incidence of port site infection in our study is 7%. The port site infection is more common at Epigastric port site and in 10 mm port size. Most common organisms are staphylococcus aureus followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and atypical mycobacterial infection..........

Keywords:Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, Port site infection(PSI), Prevention ..

[1]. Prakash K S, Mishra S T , Rathi S ,Meher S ,Mahapatra D. Port site infection in laparoscopic surgery. A review of its Management. World J clin Cases.2015;3(10):864-71.
[2]. Hakki-Sirren, Kurk. A nationwide analysis of laparoscopic complication .Obstet Gynecol.1997;89:108-12.
[3]. Ramesh H ,Prakash K ,Lekhe V, Jacob G, Venugopal A, Venugopal B .Port site tuberculosis after Laparoscopy. Report of eight cases. Surg Endosc.2003;17(6):930-32.
[4]. Garner JS, Jarris JR,Emoris TG,Horan T C,Haques JM.CDC definition for nosocomial infections. Am j infect Control.1998;85:818-27.
[5]. Chaudhuri S,Sarkar D ,Mukherji R .Diagnosis and management of atypical mycobacterial infection after laparoscopic Surgery. India J Surg.2010;72(6):438-42...

Abstract: Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) is the most common form of cyanotic congenital heart diseases and without corrective surgery, natural survival rate into the fourth decade was only about 3%. In pregnant patients with repaired ToF, pregnancy-related physiological changes is more difficult to tolerate compared to healthy pregnant woman. ToF rarely be associated with preeclampsia. Discussed below a case of a 20 year old woman with repaired ToF Complicated with Preeclampsia After Three Cardiac Operations.

Keywords: Obstetric outcomes, Pregnancy, Tetralogy of Fallot, Preeclampsia.

[1]. Downing TE, Kim YY. Tetralogy of Fallot: General Principles of Management. Cardiol Clin. 2015 Nov;33(4):531-41, vii-viii. doi: 10.1016/j.ccl.2015.07.002. Epub 2015 Aug 29. Review.

[2]. Warnes CA, Williams RG, Bashore TM, et al. ACC/AHA 2008 guidelines for the management of adults with congenital heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines on the Management of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease). Developed in Collaboration With the American Society of Echocardiography, Heart Rhythm Society, International Society for Adult Congenital Heart Disease, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 52:e143.
[3]. Engelfriet P, Boersma E, Oechslin E, et al. The spectrum of adult congenital heart disease in Europe: morbidity and mortality in a 5 year follow-up period. The Euro Heart Survey on adult congenital heart disease. Eur Heart J 2005; 26:2325.

[4]. Koplay M, Erol C, Uysal E, Paksoy Y. Magnetic resonance imaging findings of absent pulmonary valve syndrome associated with tetralogy of fallot. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2011 Sep;123(17-18):524-5. doi: 10.1007/s00508-011-0036-6.

[5]. Siu SC, Sermer M, Colman JM et al. Prospective multicenter study of pregnancy outcomes in women with heart disease. Circulation. 2001 Jul 31;104(5):515-21...

Abstract: Background and Objectives : Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in the Indian female population . As per our hospital data, breast cancer is also to be the second leading malignancy in women. Hence, we undertook this study to evaluate the clinical profile and histological types of breast cancer in our patients. Majority of our patients are from rural areas. Materials and Methods: The study was undertaken for a period of four years from January 2012 to December 2015 comprising of one hundred female patients who were treated in the department of Surgery at Agartala Government Medical College & G B P Hospital, Agartala . Diagnosis were made by a combination of clinical assessment , radiological imaging and tissue biopsy the so- called triple assessment..........

Keywords:Breast cancer , clinical profile , histopathology.

[1] Mahapatra M, Satyanarayan S . Evaluation of clinico-pathological findings of breast carcinoma in a general hospital in Southern India . Indian J Cancer 2013;50:297-301.
[2] Chandra A B . Problems and prospects of cancer of the breast in India . J Indian Med Assoc 1979;72:43-46.
[3] Kuraparthy S , Reddy KM , Yadagiri L A , Yutla M , Venkata P B, Kadaini S V et al.. Epidemiology and patterns of breast care for invasive breast carcinoma at a community hospital in Southern India . World J Surg Oncol 2007; 5 : 56-60.
[4] Chopra R . The Indian Scene . J Clin Oncol 2001 ; 19:106-111.
[5] Kulkarni S S , Kulkarni B B , Vandana T, Kulkarni S M and Kadakol G S , Modak H et al.. Expression profiling of breast gene in familial breast Cancer in India . Afr J Biotechnol 2012;11:9123-9126...

Abstract: Primary splenic abscess with unknown origin is rare and it could be mistaken with other conditions. We present a 24-year-old woman with abdominal pain and weight loss without fever or related symptoms. In ultrasound examination ill-defined anechoic mass-like lesion was evident, located near the splenic vein in retroperitoneum with spleno-systemic shunt. Patient underwent laparoscopy for ruling out malignancy but severe inflammation and adhesion-bands prevent further laparoscopic exploration. One week later patient's condition was deteriorated and she underwent second surgical exploration. In laparotomy spleen was surrounded by an abscess wall and splenectomy was done. Histopathological examination revealed subcapsular splenic hemorrhage with abscess formation.

Keywords: spleen, trauma, abscess, subcapsular.

[1] Ghidirim G, Rojnoveanu G, Mişin I, Gagauz I, Gurghiş R. [Splenicabscess--etiologic, clinical and diagnostic features].Chirurgia
(Bucur). 2007 May-Jun;102(3):309-14
[2] Ferraioli G, Brunetti E, Gulizia R, Mariani G, Marone P, Filice C. Management of splenic abscess: report on 16 cases from a single
center.Int J Infect Dis. 2009 Jul;13(4):524-30.
[3] Alvi AR, Kulsoom S, Shamsi G. Splenic abscess: outcome and prognostic factors. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2008 Dec.
18(12):740-3.
[4] Carbonell AM, Kercher KW, Matthews BD, Joels CS, Sing RF, Heniford BT. Laparoscopic splenectomy for splenic abscess.
SurgLaparoscEndoscPercutan Tech. 2004 Oct. 14(5):289-91.
[5] Iñiguez A, Butte JM, Zuñiga JM, Torres J, Llanos O. [Splenic abscesses.Report of seven cases]. Rev Med Chil. 2008 Jan;136(1):38-
43..

Abstract: The treatment of patients with recurrent ovarian carcinoma after failure of first and second-line chemotherapy is still debated. Chemical agents used for third and fourth-line therapy usually yield poor results with severe toxic side effects. Objective: To summarize our experience with Tamoxifen and megestrol in the treatment of patients with recurrent ovarian cancer. Methods: From September 1995 to June 2015 we administered Tamoxifen and Megestrol to 29 patients with advanced and recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer..........

Keywords:metastatic epithelial ovarian cancer, hormone therapy, tamoxifen, megestrol chemotherapy failure.

[1]. Pettersson F Annual Report on the Result of Treatment in Gynecological Cancer. Stockholm, Sweden:1994:102
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grade in patients with FIGO stage III ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 1995;56(2):175-80.
[3]. Bats AS, Barranger E. Management of ovarian cancer. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris). 2008 Jul;37 Spec No 2:F64-8.
[4]. FG Lawton, JP Neijt & KD Swenerton Optimum chemotherapy regimens, dose intensity, and new drugs. In Epithelial Cancer of the
Ovary. BMJ Publishing Group. London 1995:186–209.
[5]. McGuire WP, Ozols RF. Chemotherapy of advanced ovarian cancer. Semin Oncol 1998;25:707..

Abstract: Pertaining to the radical changes that our generation has seen in the past century, the advent of additive manufacturing has initiated a novel approach to use biomaterials. The unprecedented growth in this sector has forced us to realize the application of this technology in dentistry. From its use to print 3D scaffolds for bone tissue engineering to its use in cranial reconstruction, the opportunities are endless. This technology shall bridge the gap by customizing the dentistry we practice till date. And hence we may look forward to a revolutionized 3D printed digital future. This review focuses on the advances in Additive Manufacturing and its growing application in the field of Dentistry with special reference to oral & maxillofacial surgery.

[1]. C.W.Hull, Apparatus for production of three-dimensional objects by stereolithography, US patent# 4, 575, 30.
[2]. F.B. PRINZ, et al. JTEC/WTEC Panel Report on Rapid Prototyping Association of the Society of Manufacturing Engineers,
Loyola college in Maryland,1997.
[3]. S.Bose, S.Suguira, A. Bandhopadhyay, Scr.Matter.41 (1990)1009-1014.
[4]. S.Bose, et al.Mater.Sci. Eng. C232003) 479-486.
[5]. I. Gibson, et al, Additive Manufacturing Technologies: Rapid Prototyping to Direct Digital Manufacturing, Springer, 2009..

Abstract: A successful root canal treatment depend upon so many factor but the most important factor which determine the efficacy of all subsequent procedures such as debridement ,medicament delivery, and obturation is mechanical preparation of root canal system .Traditionally stainless steel files were used, but with the introduction of nickel titanium (NiTi) alloys significantly broadened the instrument design. So many factors affect the separation of nickel titanium instrument and the rate of separation of nickel titanium is 30-60% and breakage rate 9.4%. The aim of this review article is to discuss the methods that prevent the separation of nickel titanium instrument and improve the success of root canal treatment to save teeth..........

Keywords:Nickel titanium instrument, Separation, Reciprocation.

[1]. Peters O A. Current challenges and concepts in the preparation of root canal systems: a review. J Endod 2004; 30: 559–567.
[2]. Szep S, Gerhardt T, Leitzbach C, et al. Preparation of severely curved simulated root canals using engine-driven rotary and
conventional hand instruments. Clin Oral Investig. 2001;5(1):17-25.
[3]. Baumann MA, Roth A. Effect of experience on quality of canal preparation with rotary nickel-titanium files. Oral Surg Oral Med
Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1999;88(6):714-718.
[4]. Shen Y, Zhou HM, Zheng YF, Peng B, Haapasalo M. Current challenges and concepts of the thermomechanical treatment of
nickel-titanium instruments.
[5]. Gambarini G. Rationale for the use of low-torque endodontic motors in root canal instrumentation. Endod Dent Traumatol. 2000
Jun;16(3):95-100..

Abstract: Introduction: Biliary tract carcinomas are relatively rare, yet the third most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Identification of reliable molecular markers may provide valuable prognostic information and facilitate adequate treatment plans and target for a novel therapeutic approach.. Objective:1.to study the distribution of molecular markers among cases and control for predictive value,sensitivity and specificity.2.to study the role of molecular markers in outcome of BTM. Material and methods:Prospective observational study done in radiologically suspected 70 patients in department of surgerybetween 2013 to 2015.Specimen sent for IHC & HPE and the result of molecularmarkers are compared among cases and control..Conclusion and..........

Keywords:Biliary tract malignancy,Cyclin D1,Muc1,Muc2,Muc4.

[1]. Alison MR, Poulsom R, Forbes SJ. Update on hepatic stem cells. Liver 2001; 21: 367-373
[2]. Lee et al.: Prognostic significance of muc4 expression in gallbladder carcinoma. World Journal of Surgical Oncology 2012 10:224
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Carcinoma:Clin Cancer Res 2006;12:4257-4264...

Abstract: Background: Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) is newly launched programme under NRHM, under which screening of 0 to 18 yr children is done and The DEIC promptly responds and manages all issues related 4Ds. Objective: To evaluate the functioning and infrastructure of DEIC, and client satisfaction. Materials and Methods: Observational Check List according to norms used for assessment of facilities, staffing pattern, and Semi structured questionnaire used for client satisfaction..........

[1]. Operational guideline of DEIC Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram http://nrhm.gov.in/images/pdf/programmes/RBSK/Operational_Guidelines/Operational-Guidelines- DEIC-RBSK.pdf..

Abstract: Introduction: Hoarseness is an abnormal change in voice and is related to disorders in the vocal cords. Causes of hoarseness include:- Laryngitis, voice abuse, benign vocal cord lesions, vocal haemorrhage, Laryngopharyngeal reflux, Laryngeal cancer, etc. Hoarseness should be seen and evaluated promptly in hospital by an otolaryngologist within one week in children and about ten days in adults. However, most patients and even Physicians do not reasons or believe hoarseness is a serious enough problem to present early in hospital...........

Keywords: Hoarseness, Neglected, Serious, Symptom.

[1]. Hoarseness/American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgeons.www.entnet.org/content/hoarseness.
[2]. RaymondH, Feierabend, MD, and Shahram N. Malik, MD. Hoarseness in Adults. AM Fam Physician 2009 Aug 15;80(4):363-370.
[3]. Hoarseness, Prevention and Treatment Tips. www.entcarolina.com/education-h0arseness.php.
[4]. Laryngeal Cancer-wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. https://en-wikipedia.org/wiki/ laryngeal cancer.
[5]. Hoffman HT, PorterK, KarnellLH, et al. Laryngeal cancer in the United States: Changes in demographics, Patterns of care and survival. Laryngoscope 2006 sep. 116 (9pt2 suppl. 111). 1-13..

Abstract: Introduction: Rhinoplasty is done for correcting, reconstructing the form, restoring function, and aesthetically enhancing the sharp of the nose. Rhinoplasty is not commonly undertaken in our environment. This case is reported due to( lack ) paucity of information on the subject and to show that Rhinoplasty can be done successfully to the benefit of the patient in our environment.
Case presentation: We present a 23yr old female undergraduate with a necrotic ulcer on the dorsum of her nose following the application of a local concoction from a traditional healer in order to remove a warty growth on the dorsum of her nose. Debridement and dressing of the wound until healing was achieved at presentation and then repair was undertaken with good results...........

Keywords: Warty growth; Herbal Corrosive Ulceration; Corrective Rhinoplasty.

[1]. Thomas C; Mendelsohn M.; Reducing the incidence of revision of rhinoplasty, Pubmed:- J. Otolaryngology 2007 April; 36(2) 130-4, PMID: 17459286.
[2]. Jugpal S. Arneja, MD, MBA FRCSC; Basic open rhinoplasty at medicine (emedicine.medscape.com/article/1292131-overview) April 09, 2015.
[3]. "Rhinoplasty", from Wikipedia the free encyclopedia; cited Jan. 2014. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinoplasty. Retrieved Oct. 6th 2015.
[4]. Peck, G.C.; Rhinoplasty surgery. In millard, D.R., Jr., editor: symposium on corrective rhinoplasty St. Louis, 1976, The C.V. Mosly Co.
[5]. A.O. Oladele, Jk Olabanji, OO Awe; Adolescent and adult cleft lip and palate in Ile-Ife, Nigeria; NJCP 2012//vol: 15/issue:4/Pg: 403-407...

Abstract: Malaria and Typhoid remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Various factors predispose the co infection of typhoid and Malaria. This study was planned to determine the actual number of cases suffering from typhoid malaria co-infection in our set-up and also to evaluate the efficacy of various tests for diagnosis of typhoid malaria co-infection in febrile patients in New Delhi. Overall 3010 patients were tested for Malaria and Typhoid, out of which 2260 (75%) were males and 750 (25%) were females. Out of 60/3010 cases of blood culture positive for Salmonella typhi, 48/60 were also positive for malaria parasite ( 36 Plasmodium vivaxand 12 Plasmodium falciparum) by peripheral smear examination, so the rate of co-infection by using Gold Standards for both the infections was 1.59% (48/3010). No coinfection was recorded between S. paratyphi and malaria...........

Keywords: Typhoid, Malaria, Co infection, Serological tests..

[1]. Crump JA, Mintz ED. Global trends in typhoid and paratyphoid Fever. Clin Infect Dis 2010; 50: 241-6.
[2]. WHO: World Malaria Report 2013. In Book World Malaria Report 2013; 2013.
[3]. Malaria situation. National Vector Borne Disease control Programme. Available athttp://nvbdcp.gov.in/Doc/mal_situation_Jan2015.pdf.
[4]. Willke A, Ergonul O, Bayar B. Widal test in diagnosis of typhoid fever in Turkey. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002; 9: 938-41.
[5]. Smith DC. The rise and fall of typhomalarial fever. I: origins. J Hist Med Allied Sci 1982; 37: 182–220.
[6]. Kanungo S, Dutta S, Sur D. Epidemiology of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in India. J Infect Dev Ctries 2008; 2: 454-60...

Abstract: Introduction: Dengue fever is a recurrent problem in West Bengal. Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) and Dengue Shock Syndrome(DSS) are two potentially fatal complications of Dengue fever. Objectives:The study was performed to find out the seroprevalence and recent trend of Dengue among the symptomatic patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Kolkata. Materials & Methods:A total of 673 suspected cases fulfilling the inclusion criteria were tested by Dengue IgM Capture ELISA over a period of four years (2012-2015) in the department of Microbiology, NilRatanSircar Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata..........

Keywords:Dengue, IgM Capture ELISA, trend

[1]. Hati AK. Studies on dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) in West Bengal State, India.JCommun Dis. 2006 Mar;38
(2):124-9.
[2]. Leyssen, P., E. D. Clercq, and J. Neyts. 2000. Perspectives for the treatment of infections with Flaviviridae. Clin. Microbiol. Rev.
13:67–82
[3]. Lt Col M.S. Mustafa, Col V. Rasotgi, Col S. Jain Lt Col V. Gupta Discovery of fifth serotype of dengue virus (DENV-5): A new
public health dilemma in dengue control. MJAFI 2015 Volume 71, Issue 1, Pages 67–70
[4]. Halstead, S. B. 1988. Pathogenesis of dengue: challenge to molecular biology.Science239:476–481.
[5]. Mourya DT, Yadav P. Vector biology of dengue and chikungunya viruses. Indian J Med Res 2006; 124: 475-80...

Abstract: Injury to the urinary bladder is more likely to occur during herniorrhaphy for misdiagnosed sliding hernia. Increasing abdominal pain, abdominal swelling, hematuria and decreased urinary output soon after hernia repair need further review. Emergency resuscitation, prompt exploration and repair lead to quick recovery in this patient. This is an audit case report illustrating the need to consider sliding of the urinary bladder in huge inguinal hernia and to keep it out of harm's way during repair. It also emphasizes the need to recognize any iatrogenic injury intra-operatively, and to institute treatment in the same operative session or to take the option of early referral..

Keywords: exploratory laparotomy,herniorrhaphy,iatrogenicbladder injury, sliding inguinal hernia

[1]. Gespar MR, Woolley MM, Joergenson EJ. Sliding indirect Inguinal Hernia. Calif Med85(5); 1956:330-34.
[2]. Bendavid R. Sliding Hernia. Hernia 6; 2002:137-40.
[3]. Komorowski AL, Rodriquez J, Kazi R, Wysocki WM. Sliding inguinal Hernia. Int J Surg 10(4); 2012: 206-8.
[4]. Ryan EA. Analysis of 313 consecutive cases of indirect sliding inguinal hernias. SurgGynObst102; 1956:45-58.
[5]. Weitzenfeldt MB, Brown BT, Morillo G, Block NL. Scrotal kidney and ureter: an unusual hernia. J Urol123; 1980: 437-8...