iosr-JDMS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-9 ~ September-2016

Abstract: Introduction: Osteoarthritis is the most common rheumatologic disease of old age. It is a slowly progressive degenerative disease leading to major restriction of activities of daily living in the elderly. Symptoms of Osteoarthritis include pain, stiffness, restriction of joint movement and deformity of joint. Osteoarthritis usually affects knee, hip, hands, Spine rarely ankle. Radiographic evidence of OA outnumbers the clinically evident Osteoarthritis. There is no definite cure for OA. Wide variety of treatment measures include weight reduction, modification of activities to reduce stress and load on the joint, Pharmacotherapy such as analgesics, judicious, use of NSAIDS or intraarticular steroid injection...............

Keywords: Osteoarthritis, hsCRP

[1]. Peyron JG: T epidemiology of osteoarthritis. In Moskowitz RW, Howell DS, Goldberg YM et al, editors: Osteoarthritis: diagnosis
and management. Philadelphia, 1984, WB Saunders, pp 9-27.
[2]. Martin JA, Buckwalter JA: Aging, articular cartilage chondrocyte senescence and osteoarthritis, Biogerontolgy 3(5):257-264, 2001.
[3]. Lawrence JS: Rheumatism in populations. London 1977, Heinemann Medical.
[4]. Anderson JJ, Felson DT: Factors associated with osteoarthritis of the knee in the first National Health and Nutrition Examination
Survey (HANES I). Evidence for an association with overweight, race and physical demands of work, AM J Epidemiol 128(1):179-
189, 1988.
[5]. Sokoloff L: The biology of degenerative joint disease. Chicago, 1969, University of Chicago Press.

Abstract: gallstone disease is one of the most prevalent diseases in man with age,gender, ethnicity and life style playing important roles in gallstone formation. mostly gallstones are asymptomatic. upper GI symptoms may simulate symptoms of gall stone disease, resulting in cholecystectomy. esophago gastro duodenoscopy prior to surgery may identify these problems and can help to avoid unnecessary chlecystectomy and persistent post operative symptoms.

[1]. Rassek D, Osswald J, Stock W. [Routine gastroscopy before cholecystectomy]. Chir‐ urg. 1988 May;59[(5)]: 335-7
[2]. Diettrich H, Wündrich B, Kobe E, Noack S, Weber K. Gastroscopy before cholecystectomy. Gastroenterol J. 1990; 50:173-4.
[3]. Schwenk W, Böhm B, Badke A, Zarras K, Stock W. Preoperative esophagogastroduodenoscopy before elective surgical therapy of
symptomatic cholelithiasis. Leber Magen Darm 1992; 22:225- 9.
[4]. Yavorski CC, Acosta JA, Ragland JJ. Precholecystectomy esophagogastroduodeno‐ scopy: is it of value? Am Surg. 1995
Dec;61[(12)]:1032-4.
[5]. Sosada K, Zurawinski W, Piecuch J, Stepien T, Makarska J. Gastroduodenoscopy: A routine examination of 2,800 patients before
laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc. 2005; 19:1103-8.

Abstract: Objective:To s tudy the ef fect of addi t ion of f requent ly nebul i sed 3% hyper tonic sal ine to the standard therapy of infants hospi tal i zed wi t h vi ral bronchiol i t i s . Design:Prospective, randomized control study Setting:A tertiary care teaching hospital in Kanchipuram Participants:100 Children aged 2 months to 18 months who are admitted to the hospital for the treatment of moderately severe viral bronchiolitis Methods:3 ml of nebulised study solution containing 3% hypertonic saline is given along with standard therapy of Nebulised salbutamol with supportive therapy like oxygen,i.v. fluids &paracetamol for 50 randomly selected children..........

Keywords: Bronchiol i t i s , Hyper tonic Sal ine (HT) , standard therapy Salbutamol , Ret ract ions, Respi ratory Di st res s As ses sment I nst rument (RDAI ) , SaO2,Oxygen, standard therapy (ST) , Length of stay.

[1]. Abreu e Silva FA, Brezinova V, Simpson H. Sleep apnea in acute bronchiolitis. Arch Dis Child. 1982; 57:467-472.
[2]. American Academy of Pediatrics Subcommittee on diagnosis and management of bronchiolitis Pediatrics 2006;118:1774-93.
[3]. Amirav I, Luder AS, Kruger N, et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of montelukast for acute bronchiolitis.
Pediatrics. Dec 2008;122(6):e1249-55.
[4]. Antonow JA, Hansen K, McKinstry CA, Byington CL. Sepsis evaluations in hospitalized infants with bronchiolitis. Pediatr Infect
Dis J. Mar 1998;17(3):231-6
[5]. Assouline G, LeibsonV,Danon A. Stimulation of prostaglandin output from rat stomach by hypertonic solution. European Journal of Pharmacology 1977;44:271–3.

Abstract: p53 is a nuclear binding phosphoprotein, which regulates the gene expressions and controls several key genes involved in gene regulation. It facilitates DNA repair. If the damage is beyond repair, p53 triggers apoptosis of the cell. p53 has been shown to regulate apoptosis in both transcription dependent and independent manner. Various types of genotoxic and non genotoxic stresses can lead to p53 activation like radiations, mutagens like Aflotoxins, benzopyrines, alkylating agents etc. and also the agents which damage mitotic spindle, cause ribonucleotide depletion..............

Keywords: p53, gene therapy, ONYX-015, p53-Mdm-2, p53 based vaccine.

[1]. L chen, DM Gilkes, Y Pan, WS Lane, and J Chen. ATM and Chk2- dependent phosphorylation of MDMX contribute to p53
activation after DNA damage. EMBO J. 24, 2005, 3411-3422.
[2]. S Hong, RV Pusapati, JT powers, and DG Jhonson. Oncogene and the DNA damage response: Myc and E2F1 engage the ATM
signalling pathway to activate p53 and induce apoptosis. Cell cycle, 5, 2006, 801
[3]. J Nakono, CL Huang, Liu, M Ueno, S Sumitomo, and H Yokomise. Survivin gene expression is negatively regulated by the p53
tumour suppressor gene in non small cell lung cancer. Int j Oncol, 27, 2005, 1215-1221.
[4]. Oren m. Decision making by p53: life, death and cancer. Cell Death Differ, 10, 2003, 431-42.
[5]. Goh AM, Coffill CR, and Lane DP. The role of mutant p53 in human cancer. J Pathol, 223, 2011, 116-26.

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to comprehend the growth pattern of school children in the age group of 9 – 12 years, inclusive of both sexes, belonging to Higher Income Group (HIG) and Lower Income Group (LIG) groups .The study was carried on total 511 school children in Pune, India. The Anthropometric measurements of body height and weight, belonging to both genders, and contrasting socioeconomic groups were obtained and studied by cross sectional analysis. We observed that values of all parameters of HIG were almost greater than LIG values in all the age groups. This lag in the LIG values could be due to constant exposure to severe nutritional............

Keywords: Anthropometry, Growth pattern, Socio-economic groups.

[1]. K. E. Elizabeth. Nutrition and Child development (Paras, 2nded, 2002) 37-184.
[2]. Standring, S, Gray'sanatomy, The anatomical basis of clinical practice (London UK, Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 38th ed, 1995)
365-373.
[3]. Standring, S, Gray'sanatomy, The anatomical basis of clinical practice (London UK, Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 39th ed,
2005).211-223.
[4]. I.C.M.R: ' Studies on growth and physical development of Indian infants and children'; Tech. Rep. Series No. 1960, 18.
[5]. Bhargava I and Sharma J. C, Anthropometric study of Barelas of Madhya Pradesh.Jour. Of Anatomical Soc. Of India, 8, 1959, 43-
44.

Abstract: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has emerged as a significant global health concern. Especially in india, Emergence of drug resistant tuberculosis (TB), particularly multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug resistant TB (XDR-TB) is a major concern. India is the country having second highest burden of MDR-TB cases following China. Although progress has been made to reduce global incidence of drugsusceptible tuberculosis, the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis during the past decade threatens to undermine these advances............

[1]. Sakula A. Robert Koch (1843--1910): founder of the science of bacteriology anddiscoverer of the tubercle bacillus. A study of his
life and work.Br J Dis Chest.1979Oct;73(4):389–394.
[2]. Gutierrez MC, Brisse S, Brosch R, Fabre M, Omais B, Marmiesse M et al. Ancientorigin and gene mosaicism of the progenitor of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PLoSPathog 2005 Sep;1(1):e5.
[3]. Hershkovitz I, Donoghue HD, Minnikin DE, Besra GS, Lee OY, Gernaey AM et al.Detection and molecular characterization of
9000-year-old Mycobacteriumtuberculosis from a neolithic settlement in the eastern mediterranean. PLoS ONE2008;3(10):e3426.
[4]. Tuberculosis. Academic dictionaries and encyclopedias. [Online] 2006 [cited 2010
[5]. Sep 10]; Available from:URL:http://web.archive.org/web/20050211173218/http://classics.mit.edu/Hippocrates

Abstract: Menarche is a vital event of puberty in female adolescents. The aim of this study was To determine the average age of menarche in the urban population of Guwahati, Assam and to assess the role of body composition, socioeconomic status, diet, mother's age at menarche etc as determinants of age at menarche. This observational study was conducted for one year at government recognized schools in Guwahati city. 500 school going girls aged between 9 to 15 years who have attained menarche were included. Data collection was done by questionnaires, personal interviews and physical examination.........

[1]. Khanna G,Kapoor S; Secular Trend in Stature and Age at Menarche Among Punjabi Aroras Residing in New Delhi, India; Coll.
Antropol. 28 (2004) 2: 571–575,UDC 572.087:618.172
[2]. Harris MA, Prior JC, Koehoorn M; Age at menarche in the Canadian population: secular trends and relationship to adulthood BMI;
J Adolesc Health. 2008 Dec;43(6):548-54.
[3]. Dewhurst j;"Female puberty abnormalities" series ed, Singer A and Jordan J., Edinburgh,Churchill Livingstone,1984,204pp
[4]. Agarwal A N,Agarwal D K, Upadhyay S K; Physical and sexual growth pattern of affluent Indian children from 8 to 15 years of
age; Indian pediatrics,vol29, oct 92,1204-1282
[5]. Sengupta S, Gogoi G, Chetry HB Variation in menarcheal age of Assamese girls.J Indian Med Assoc. 1996 Mar;94(3):88-90

Abstract: Background: Electrocautery is commonly used in surgical practice. However its use has been limited in skin due to the fear of tissue scarring, impaired wound healing and wound infection due to damaged tissue. Objectives: To evaluate and compare the use of electrocautery and steel scalpel in making abdominal skin incisions with regard to operating time, postoperative wound complication rate and the duration of hospital stay. Materials and Methods: The study was a prospective randomized type conducted in the Department of Surgery, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal............

Keywords: Electrocautery, Steel scalpel, cholecystectomy, skin incision.

[1]. M Farquharson, B Moran, Farquharson's textbook of operative general surgery. 9th ed. Great Britain: Hodder Education; 2005.
[2]. SRK Valluru, and K Babji, Cautery versus Scalpel: A study on surgical incisions. Int J Sci Stud 2015;2(10):70-3.
[3]. P Shivagouda, BV Gogeri, AS Godhi, and SC Metgud, Prospective randomized control trial comparing the efficacy of diathermy
incision versus scalpel incision over skin in patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair. Rec Res Sci Tech 2010;2(8):44-7.
[4]. AR Dixon, and DFL Watkin, Electrosurgical skin incision versus conventional scalpel: a prospective trial. J R Coll Surg Edinb
1990;35(5):299-301.
[5]. WD Rappaport, GC Hunter, R Allen, S Lick, A Halldorsson, T Chvapil, et al, Effect of electrocautery on the healing of midline
laparotomy incisions. Am J Surg 1990;160(6):618-20.

Abstract: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is now the standard procedure for the treatment of symptomatic gallbladder stones. Although laparoscopic cholecystectomy has numerous advantages it has increased risk of injury to common bile duct, duodenum, bowel, iliac vessels, high conversion rate in acute cholecystitis and difficulty in management of simultaneous CBD stones. Ultrasonography is the most common non-invasive, safe, and highly accurate screening test for cholecystitis and cholelithiasis. It can help the surgeons to get an idea of potential difficulty to be faced during laparoscopic surgery in that particular patient. The present study was thus conducted with the aim of evaluation of pre-operative ultrasound findings in predicting difficulties in laparoscopic cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis..........

Keywords: Difficult Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, Open Cholecystectomy, Ultrasonography

[1]. Schein, Clarence J. Acute cholecystitis. Medical Dept., Harper & Row, 1972.
[2]. Shaffer, Eldon A. "Epidemiology and risk factors for gallstone disease: has the paradigm changed in the 21st century?." Current
gastroenterology reports 7.2 (2005): 132-140.
[3]. Mouret P. How I developed laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 1996;25:744–7.
[4]. Chumillas MS, Ponce JL, Delgado F, Viciano V. Pulmonary function and complications after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Eur J
Surg. 1998;164:433–7.
[5]. Vittimberga FJ, Jr, Foley DP, Meyers WC, Callery MP. Laparoscopic surgery and the systemic immune response. Ann
Surg. 1998;227:326–34

Abstract: Sarcoma is a rare malignant tumour of breast. Primary alveolar rhabdomyoarcoma is extremely rare in breast with limited case reports in literature. We report a case of primary alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma of breast in an adolescent girl who presented with progressively increasing firm to hard swelling in the left breast beneath areola. MRI and FNAC was suggestive of lobular carcinoma of breast. Patient underwent lumpectomy with 2cm margin and latismus dorsi flap reconstruction. After histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry tumour was diagnosed as alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma and patient is in complete remission after one year of treatment.............

Keywords: Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma ,Breast , Adolescent

[1]. Parham DM, Ellison DA, Rhabdomyosarcoma in adults and children: An update. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2006:130:1454-65.
[2]. Merlino G. helman LJ. Rhabdomyosarcoma-Working out the pathways: Oncogene 1999;18;5340-8.
[3]. Evans RW. Rhabdomyosarcoma of Breast. J Clin pathol. 1953;6:140-144.
[4]. Hay's DM, Donaldson SS, Shimada H,; Primary and metastatic Rhabdomyosarcoma in the breast neoplasms of adolescent females,
a report from the inter group rhabdomyosarcoma Study. Med Ped Onco 1997; 29:181-189.
[5]. Hettmers, Wagers AJ: Uncovering the origins of rhabdomyosarcoma. Nature Medicine: 2010;16:171-173.

Abstract: An18 year old boy presented with paraparesis and retention of urine. General examination and nervous system examination revealed both upper and lower motor neurone signs at respective spinal levels. Peripheral blood smear examination revealed bicytopenia and increased total WBC count.MRI of dorsal spinal column revealed paravertebral collection. FNAC and bone marrow aspiration studies led to a provisional diagnosis of Acutepromyelocyticleukaemia,based on morphology............

Keywords: AML, Morphology, t(8;21)

[1]. K Nishii,EUsui, N Katayama, F Lorenzo V, K Nakase, T Kobayashi et al.Characteristics of t(8;21) acute myeloid leukaemia (AML)
with additional chromosomal abnormality: concomitant trisomy 4 may constitute a distinct subtype of t(8;21) AML. Leukemia
2003;17:731-7.
[2]. J. D. Rowley. Identification of a translocation with quinacrine fluorescence in a patient with acute leukemia. Annales de Genetique
1973;16(2):109–112.
[3]. D. A. Arber, A. S. Stein, N. H. Carter, D. Ikle, S. J. Forman,M. L. Slovak. Prognostic impact of acute myeloid leukemia
classification: importance of detection of recurring cytogenetic abnormalities and multilineage dysplasia on survival. American
Journal of Clinical Pathology 2003;119(5):672–80.
[4]. P. J. M. Valk, R. G. W. Verhaak, M. A. Beijen et al. Prognostically useful gene-expression profiles in acute myeloid leukemia. The
New England Journal of Medicine 2004;350(16):1617–28.
[5]. D.Grimwade, R. K.Hills, A. V. Moorman et al. Refinement of cytogenetic classification in acute myeloid leukemia: determination
of prognostic significance of rare recurring chromosomal abnormalities among 5876 younger adult patients treated in the United
Kingdom Medical Research Council trials. Blood 2010;116(3):354–65.

Abstract: Background: Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a platelet concentrate widely used to accelerate soft and hard tissue healing, whereas bioactive glass, an alloplastic bone graft, elicits a specific biological response, resulting in the formation of a bond between the tissues and graft thus facilitating bone healing. Thus, the purpose of this clinical study was to determine the efficacy of PRF and Perioglas®, as a regenerative material in the treatment of three wall vertical defects. Material and methods: Twenty patients diagnosed with generalized chronic periodontitis having two or more, three wall vertical defects were selected for the study............

Keywords: Infrabony Defects, Bioactive Glass, PRF, Perioglas

[1]. P. M. Bartold, Periodontal regeneration--fact or fiction?, 17(1), 2015, 37-49.
[2]. G. Polimeni, A. V. Xiropaidis, U. M. E Wikesjo, Biology and principles of periodontal wound healing/regeneration, Periodontol 2000, 41, 2006, 30-47.
[3]. T. B Lovelace, J. T Mellonig, R. M. Meffert, A. A Jones, P. V Nummikoski, D. L Cochran, Clinical evaluation of bioactive glass in the treatment of periodontal osseous defects in humans, J Periodontol, 69, 1998, 1027-35.
[4]. V. Lekovic, P. M. Camargo, M. Weinlaender, N. A. Vasilic, E. B. Kenney, Effectiveness of a combination of platelet-rich plasma, bovine porous bone mineral and guided tissue regeneration in the treatment of mandibular grade II molar furcations in humans, J Clin Periodontol 30, 2003, 746-51.
[5]. P. M Camargo, V. Lekovic, M. Weinlaender, N Vasilic, M. Madzarevic, E. B. Kenney, Platelet-rich plasma and bovine porous bone mineral combined with guided tissue regeneration in the treatment of intrabony defects in humans, J Periodontal Res, 37, 2002, 300-06.

Abstract: The study was planned to analyze the gero-psychiatric problems among elderly who were attending an out patient psychiatric department. The case details were collected from the hospital records (OP) and were analyzed to examine the nature of gero-psychiatric problems in 60 + persons. Most frequently reported complaints were analysed in terms of socio-economic profiles of the elderly.

...........................

Abstract: Aspiration of tooth by conscious patient is not a common occurrence in exodontia. Most cases of aspiration are secondary to maxillofacial trauma and during intubation for general anesthesia. There are isolated case reports of aspiration oftooth during extraction in pediatric age group. Here we present a case report of aspiration of tooth by a conscious tracheotomised adult patient and the difficulties encountered in retrieving the tooth along with the review of literature. Aspiration in this case can be attributed to the diminished gag and cough reflexes caused by the tracheotomy of the patient. A step by step protocol has been devised to manage such situations.

Keywords: Aspiration, maxillofacial trauma, intubation, tracheotomy, gag reflex, cough reflex

[1]. Hedblom CA.: Foreign bodies of dental origininbronchopulmonary complication. Ann Surg 1920; 71:568-80.
[2]. Baharloo F, Veyckemans F, Francis C, Biettlot MP, Rodenstein DO. Tracheobronchial foreign bodies: presentation and
management in children and adults. Chest 1999; 115:1357-62.
[3]. Steen KH, Zimmerman T, Tracheobronchial aspiration of foreign bodies in children. A study of 94 cases. Laryngscope 1990; 100:
525-30.
[4]. Ludemann JP, Hughes CA, Hollinger LD: Management of foreign bodies of the airway. In Shields TW, Locicero J, Ponn RB,
editors: General thoracic surgery 5thedi Philadelphia: Lippencott Williams and Wilkens; 2000 p853-61.
[5]. Ulku R, Baskan Z, Yavuz I: Open surgical approach for a tooth aspirated during dental extraction: A case report. Aus Dent J 2005;
50 :( 1):49-50.

Abstract: Background: Etomidate is the preferred induction agent in patient with Cardiac disease due to its cardiac vascular stability. It can cause severe pain during IV administration which can produce increased stress response. Various methods have been tried to reduce the pain of etomidate injection with variable success. Lignocaine pre-treatment which is extensively used to reduce the pain of propofol injection is also used to reduce the pain of etomidate injection. Materials And Methods: This nonrandomised double blind, study was done after getting ethical clearance from university ethical committee. After informed consent............

Keywords: Etomidate; Lignocaine; Ondansetron; Pain on injection .Verbal rating scale.

[1]. Brown PM, Moss E. Reduction of pain on injection of etomidate. Anaesthesia 1981;36:814-6.
[2]. Corssen G, Reves J, Stanley T. Dissociative anesthesia. Intravenous Anesthesia and Analgesia. Philadelphia: L ea and Febiger; 1988. p. 99.
[3]. Levins T. Etomidate in procedural sedation. Air Med J. 2011; 30:45---8.
[4]. Doenicke AW, Roizen MF, Hoernecke R, et al. Solvent for etomidate may cause pain and adverse effects. Br J Anaesth. 1999; 83:464---6.
[5]. Bovill JG. Intravenous anesthesia for the patient with left ventricular dysfunction. Semin Cardiothoracic Vasc Anesth

Abstract: Valvular tumor and tumor-like lesions are rare. Fibroelastoma is the most common valvular tumor, followed by myxoma. Atypical valvular lesions, such as organized thrombus, valvular calcification and valvular abscess may develop symptoms and present morphological features similar to those of the valvular tumors. The Author here reports a case of a tumour or tumour- like lesion over the mitral valve detected in a asymptomatic patient on preoperative evaluation prior to bilateral total knee replacement surgery for osteoarthritis..

Keywords:Valvular tumour, Tumour –like lesions

[1]. Historical reference: http://www.utmem.edu/cardiology/ppt/Sea%20anemone.ppt#279,10.
[2]. Edwards FH, Hale D, Cohen A, et al. Primary cardiac valve tumors. Ann Thorac Surg. 1991;52:1127–31.
[3]. Ngaage DL, Mullany CJ, Daly RC, et al. Surgical treatment of cardiac papillary fibroelastoma: a single center experience with
eighty-eight patients. Ann Thorac Surg. 2005;80:1712–8.
[4]. Wold LE, Lie JT. Cardiac myxomas: a clinicopathologic profile. Am J Pathol. 1980;101:219–40.
[5]. Harvinder Arora, Pankaj Madan, Leo Simpson, and Raymond F. Stainback. Caseous Calcification of the Mitral Annulus. Tex Heart
Inst J. 2008; 35(2): 211–213.

Abstract: The lingular shapes in 40 (80 sides) adult mandibles of unknown sex are studied and classified into triangular, truncated, nodular and assimilated. 22 mandibles showed triangular type, 10 truncated, 7 assimilated and 1 nodular. There was a bilateral symmetry in all the mandibles

Keywords: Lingula, mandibular foramen, inferior alveolar vessels and nerve

[1]. M.S.Monnazi,L.A. Passeri, M.F.R.Gabrielli.P.D.A.Bolini Anatomic study of the mandibular foramen,lingula,antilingula in dry
mandibles and its statistical relationship between the true lingula and antilingula. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial
Surgery,vol.41,no.1,pp.74-78,2012.
[2]. G.Salgado,H.Oscar inzunza,M.Cantinet al., "Evaluation of mandibular Anatomy related to sagittal split ramus Osteotomy"
International Journal of Morphology,vol,30,no.1,pp.30-39,2012.
[3]. B.N.Epker, "Modifications in the sagittal osteotomy of the mandible" Journal of oral Surgery,vol.35,no.2,pp.157-159,1977.
[4]. W.D.Robertson, "Clinical evaluation of mandibular conduction anaesthesia" General Dentistry,vol.27,no.5,pp 49-51,1979.
[5]. T.P.Levy, "An assessment of the Gow-Gates mandibular block for the third molar surgery," the Journal of American Dental
Association, vol, 103, no.1, pp.37-41, 1981.

Abstract: Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the connective tissue attachment and supporting bone around the teeth. Over the years, the retrospective analysis of the possible etiological factors responsible for periodontal infections has magnified to its brink. The necessity lies in segregating the evidences and acknowledging their potential role in disease pathogenesis. Genetic predisposition might explain such an individual variability that can be predicted by using various cytogenetic markers. However, these studies are far more costly and complicated. The present study was conducted to study the role of palmar dermatoglyphics as a diagnostic tool for periodontal infections..............

Keywords: Dermatoglyphics, chronic generalized periodontitis, palmar patterns

[1]. Devishree G, Gujjari SK. Dermatoglyphic Patterns and Aggressive Periodontal Diseases – A Possible Link? IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences 2015; 14: 69- 72.
[2]. Gupta A, Karjodkar F. Role of dermatoglyphics as an indicator of precancerous and cancerous lesions of the oral cavity. ContempClin Den 2013; 4:448- 453
[3]. Skrinjarić I, Bacić M. Hereditary gingival fibromatosis: Report onthree families and dermatoglyphic analysis. J Periodontal Res 1989;24:303-9.
[4]. Mathew L, Hegde AM, Rai K. Dermatoglyphic peculiarities in children with oral clefts. J Indian SocPedodPrev Dent 2005;23:179-82.
[5]. Polat MH, Azak A, Evlioglu G, Malkondu OK, Atasu M. The relation of bruxism and dermatoglyphics. J ClinPediatr Dent 2000;24:191-4.

Abstract: The Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) likely arrived in the United States through the importation of used tires. The Asian tiger mosquito is a competent of several arboviruses and with the recent introduction of Zika virus into North America finding methods to control this species is vital. The rapid action of a spray formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis using Entobac with Aquabac XT is discussed. There was significant reduction of larvae was achieved in less than seven days in the test site whereas the control site showed no significant change.Entobac is currently the only Bti formulation available that controls both adult and larvae mosquitoes. Entobac is also the only Bti formulation that can be utilized in the five principle methods of dispersal; 1) hand tossed 2) backpack spray, 3) truck mounted spray, 4) aerial spray and 5) bait station.

[1]. Batra CP, PK Mittal, T Adak (2000). Control of Aedes aegypti breeding in desert coolers andtires by use of Bacillus thuringiensis
var. israelensis formulation. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 16:321-3.
[2]. Benjamin S, A Rath, YF Chiang, LH Lim (2005). Efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensistablet formulation Vectobac DT for
control of dengue mosquito vectors in potable containers.Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 36: 879-
892.
[3]. Faraji, A and I Unlu (2016). The eye of the tiger, the thrill of the fight: effective larvalandadult control measures against the Asian
tigermosquito, Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae), inNorth America. Journal of Medical Entomology, 53: 1029-1047.
[4]. Farajollahi, A, GM Williams, GC Condon, B Kesavaraju, and I Unlu (2013). Assessment of adirect application of two Bacillus
thuringiensis israelensis formulations for immediate and residual control of Aedes albopictus. Journal of the American Mosquito
Control Association 29: 385-388.

Abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic, autoimmune disorder that primarily manifests as chronic synovial inflammation of multiple joints. As in the general population, both Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Insulin Resistance (IR) appear to be independent risk factors for atherosclerotic CVD in patients with RA. Over the last few decades it has become increasingly apparent that chronic activation of the immune system, as observed in the pathogenesis of RA, is associated with corollary changes in intermediary metabolism, potentially leading to increased risk of cardiovascular disease. There is evidence of association of multiple immune regulatory components (including tumour necrosis factor and interleukin-6) in RA, IR, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Disease associated reduction in lean muscle mass and sedentary lifestyle likely further contribute to IR in patients with RA (2).

[1]. Roubenoff R, Cannon JG, Kehayias JJ, Zhuang H, Dawson-Hughes B, et al., Rheumatoid cachexia: cytokine-driven
hypermetabolism accompanying reduced body cell mass in chronic inflammation. J Clin Invest 1994;93:2379-86.
[2]. Giles JT, Ling SM, Ferrucci L, Bartlett SJ, Andersen RE, Towns M, et al. Abnormal body composition phenotypes in older
rheumatoid arthritis patients: association with disease characteristics and pharmacotherapies. Arthritis Rheum 2008;59:807–15.
[3]. Catalan V, Gomez-Ambrosi J, Rodriguez A, Salvador J, Fruhbeck G. Adipokines in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and obesity.
Expert Opin Pharmacother 2009;10:239–54.
[4]. Hotamisligil GS, Murray DL, Choy LN, Spiegelman BM. Tumor necrosis factor inhibits signaling from the insulin receptor. Proc
Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994;91:4854–8.
[5]. G.S.Hotamisligil,P.Peraldi,A.Budavari,R.Ellis,M.F.White, and B. M. Spiegelman, "IRS-1-mediated inhibition of insulin
receptortyrosinekinaseactivityinTNF- -andobesity-induced insulinresistance,"Science,vol.271,no.5249,pp.665–668,1996.

Abstract: Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the United States. According to 2014 cancer statistics an estimated 52,630 cases of endometrial cancer and 8,590 of deaths cases are diagnosed in 2014.The classically diagnosis of endometrial cancer is abnormal vaginal bleeding. Most patients with this type of cancer have source of excess estrogen, high body mass index (BMI) as overweight or obese and often with other components of metabolic syndrome like hypertension.The aim of this study is investigate the role of hormonal balance and BMI in women patients with endometrial cancer.............

Keywords: Endometrial cancer, Estrogen (E2), Progesterone (P4) andBMI.

[1]. Siegel R., Ward E., Brawley O., and Jemal A.; Cancer statistics, 2011: the impact of eliminating socioeconomic and racial
disparities on premature cancer deaths. CA Cancer J Clin 2011; 61(4):212–236.
[2]. Pfeifer S.M.; NMS obstetrics and gynecology–7thed)Two Commerce Square,2001 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103, 2012 by
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Kluwer business, chapter 40: Pelvic Malignancies, pp467.
[3]. European Society for Medical Oncology (2013), endometrial cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment
and follow-up.
[4]. Hansen B., and Jorde L. B.; KAPLAN MEDICAL, USAMLE STEP1, Lecture Notes: Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, printed
in USA, Section 1: Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Chapter9: Hormones, 2009 Kaplan, Inc. P133.
[5]. Campbell M.K., and Farrell S.O.; Biochemistry 8th edition , 200 First Stamford Place, 4th Floor Stamford, CT 06902, USA, Chapter
24: Integration of Metabolism:Cellular Signaling, 24-3 Hormones and Second Messengers, pp 706, 707 ,2015 Cengage Learning.

Abstract: The cardiovascular risk factors on police officers in Rivers State were studied to ascertain the possible risk of cardiovascular disease among the police officers. 150 police officers (85 male and 65 females) with the age range of 20 – 49 years were used from four police stations. The research was carried out by assessing cardiovascular indices such as Body Mass Index (BMI), blood pressure, fasting blood sugar and total plasma cholesterol in these subjects. In blood pressure determination, an analogue table blood pressure or mercury blood pressure monitor with Littman stethoscope was used..............

Keywords: Cardiovascular indices, risk factors, BMI, cholesterol, blood pressure, fasting blood sugar.

[1]. Azadbakht L, Mirmiran P, Esmaillzadeh A, Azizi T, Azizi F (2005): Beneficial Effects of A Dietary Approaches To Stop
Hypertension Eating Plan On Features of The Metabolic Syndrome. Diabetes Care; 2823–2831.
[2]. Bhupathiraju SN, and Tucker KL (2011): Coronary Heart Disease Prevention: Nutrients, Foods, and Dietary
Patterns. Clinicachimicaacta international journal of clinical chemistry ;412: 1493–1514
[3]. Bridget BK and Fuster V (2010): Institute of Medicine. Promoting Cardiovascular Health in the Developing World: A Critical
Challenge to Achieve Global Health. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press.
[4]. Derek, RS, Sue D, Peter AL, Tatsuya I(2005): Alcohol and Tobacco Consumption among Police Officers. Kurume Medical
Journal.; 52: 63-65
[5]. Ford, ES (2005): Risks For All Cause Mortality, Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes Associated With The Metabolic Syndrome:
A Summary of The Evidence. Diabetes Care.; 28: 1769-78.

Abstract: Objectives: To assess the efficacy and efficiency of forehead flap in reconstruction of nasal defects. Methodology: This study was carried out on 40 patientsof either sex who required reconstruction of nasal defects of different etiologies. Results And Conclusion: Forehead flap is a reliable technique for reconstruction of nasal defects of varied origin

Keywords: Supratrochlear Artery, Forehead Flap, Pedicle, Local Flaps.

1]. Anastassov GE, Schwartz S, Rodriguez E. Buccinatormyomucosal island flap for postablativemaxillofacial reconstructions: a report of 4
cases.JOralMaxillofac Surg. 2002;60:816-21.
[2]. Bhishagratna KKL, ed. SushrutaSambita. Calcutta, Bose, 1907-1916.
[3]. Sadhotra LP, Singh M, Raje R. Reconstruction of complete palatal defect with a forehead flap: A case report.Indian J PlastSurg
.2003;36:120-122.
[4]. Millard DR Jr.Total reconstructive rhinoplasty and a missing link. PlastReconstr Surg. 1966;37:167-83
[5]. Shah AA, Malik WM. Head and neck reconstruction: a 3 years experience. Ann King Edward Med Coll .1999; 5:19-21.

Abstract: Complete aortic occlusion is a rare , and potentially fatal condition. it is usually seen in severe atherosclerotic disease. Here we present the case report of a 38 year old male, who presented with acute onset left leg pain and was found to have a complete thrombotic occlusion of the infra renal portion of abdominal aorta.

[1]. Dossa CD, Shepard AD, Reddy DJ, Jones CM, Elliott JP, Smith RF, et al. Acute aortic occlusion. A 40-year experience. Arch
Surg 1994;129:603-7.
[2]. Buth J, Cuypers P. The diagnosis and treatment of acute aortic occlusions. Journal des maladies vasculaires 1996;21:133-5.
[3]. Singh A, Naqvi T, Marx MV, Rahimtoola SH. Acute thrombotic complete occlusion of the aorta: accurate, immediate clinical
decision-making by echocardiography. Am J Med 2009;122:e1
[4]. Zhang J, Duan ZQ, Wang CJ, Song QB, Luo YW, Xin SJ. Acute aortic occlusion as an unusual embolic complication of cardiac
myxoma. Chin Med J (Engl) 2006;119:342-4.
[5]. Webb KH, Jacocks MA. Acute aortic occlusion. Am J Surg 1988;155:405-7.

Abstract: The talus is involved in about 2% of all lower extremity injuries and about 5-7% of foot injuries. Fractures of Talus are relatively uncommon and can be associated with significant complications. Because it articulates with important joints i.e.,ankle, subtalar, and talonavicular, it is one of the most important bones to stabilize and mobilize soon after a foot injury. Talar fractures are usually associated with hyperdorsiflexion of the ankle as the talar neck impacts the anterior margin of the tibia, such as in a motor vehicle accident or fall from height. We describe the case of a 21year old male presenting with displaced talus fracture of right leg which was treated with a minimally invasive technique.

Keywords:Talus Neck fracture, Minimally invasive technique, limited complications, less hospitalization period.

[1]. Paul T. Fortin, MD, and Jeffrey E. Balazsy, MD: Talus Fractures: Evaluation and Treatment. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2001;9:114-
127.
[2]. Haliburton RA, Sullivan CR, Kelly PJ, Peterson LFA: The extra-osseous and intra-osseous blood supply of the talus. J Bone Joint
Surg Am 1958;40: 1115-1120.
[3]. Mulfinger GL, Trueta J: The blood supply of the talus. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1970;52:160-167.
[4]. Hawkins LG: Fractures of the neck of the talus. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1970;52: 991-1002.
[5]. Talar fractures, OrthopaedicsOne Articles, Page 301 of 372.

Abstract: Background : Chronic non healing ulcer is one the commonly faced surgical conditions by surgeons . It is one of the major cause for morbidity in diabetic patients. Inspite of various types of dressing agents available, choosing an appropriate dressing is a challenging aspect in the management of diabetic ulcer. Topical phenytoin causes rapid wound remodeling in non healing ulcers and its application in wound healing needs further study. Objective : To assess the efficacy of topical phenytoin compared to conventional wound care in improving the healing process and to prove it as a relatively low cost and easy to use option in the management of diabetic ulcers...............

Keywords: Diabetic ulcers, povidone iodine , topical phenytoin, Wound \ area

[1].Boulton AJM. The diabetic foot. Medical clinic of north America no. 1988; 72 (6): 1513 – 30
[2]. Most RS, Sinnock P, Epidemiology of lower extremity amputation in diabetic individuals. Diabetes Care 1983; 2: 87-91.
[3]. Mann CV, Russel RCG, Williams NS. Bailey and Love's Short Practice of Surgery. 24th Ed. New York: Hodder Arnold Publication; 1995.
[4]. Muthukumarswamy MG, Shivakumar G, Manoharan G. Topical phenytoin in diabetic foot ulcer. Diabetic care. October 1991; 14(10): 909 – 11
[5]. Pai MRSM, Shrivastava N, Kotian MS. Topical Phenytoin in diabetic ulcer. Double blind control trial. Ind J Med Nov 2001; 55(11): 513-99.