iosr-JDMS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-9 ~ Sep. 2020

Abstract: Aim: To assess the clinical and functional results of using a Dynamic hip screw in the treatment of stable intertrochanteric fractures. Methods and materials: Over a period of one year starting from November 2016 to November 2017, 20 patients diagnosed with stable intertrochanteric fracture classified as Type 1 Boyd and Griffin classification were included in the study. All cases were treated with closed reduction and internal fixation with a dynamic hip screw by a single surgeon. Harris Hip score was used to assess functional outcome. Results: We had 11 male and....

Key Words:Intertrochanteric fractures, proximal femoral fractures, dynamic hip screw, DHS

[1]. Senohradski K, Markovic-Denic L, Lesic A, Bumbasirevic V, Bumbasirevic M. Trends in the incidence of hip fractures. Osteoporos Int. 2013; 24:1759-63. Doi:10.1007/s00198-012-2244-y.
[2]. Ngobeni RS. Mortality in elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures: three years' experience. SA Orthop J. 2010; 9:55-60.
[3]. Braithwaite RS, Col NF, Wong JB. Estimating hip fracture morbidity, mortality and costs. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2003; 51:364-70.
[4]. Magaziner J, Fredman L, Hawkes W, Hebel JR, Zimmerman S, Orwig DL et al. Changes in functional status attributable to hip fracture: a comparison of hip fracture patients to community- dwelling aged. Am J Epidemiol. 2003; 157:1023-31. DOI: 10.1093/ aje/kwg081.
[5]. Hallberg I, Bachrach-Lindstro ̈m M, Hammerby S, Toss G, Ek AC. Health-related quality of life after vertebral or hip fracture: a seven-year follow-up study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2009; 10:135. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-10-135.

Abstract: Objective(S): To compare the incidence of placenta previa, associated factors, complications, placental position, mode of delivery and fetal and maternal outcome in non-scarred (Group A) and scarred uterus(Group B) over 24 months of a hospital based study. Materials and methods: In a prospective study, 112 cases of pregnancies beyond 28 weeks of gestation, complicated by placenta previa were identified. These cases were divided into two groups, non-scarred(Group A, n=33) and scarred uterus( Group B, n=79). Out of total 13532 deliveries at the hospital over study period, 6898 women had history of previous 1 or more LSCS or 2 or more curettage and total of 6634 women had nonscarred uterus.....

Key Words: Feto-maternal outcome, Placenta previa, Scarred uterus

[1]. ACOG committee on obstetric practice. ACOG committee opinion number 266, Jan 2002 : Placenta accrete obstet Gynecol 2002 99: 169-70
[2]. Awan N, Bennett MJ, Walters WA: Emergency peripartum hysterectomy: a 10 year old review at the Royal Hospital for Women, Sydney. Aust N Z J obstet Gynaecol 51(3):210, 2011
[3]. Benirschke K, Burton, Baergen RN: Pathology of the human placenta, 6th ed. New York, Springer, 2012, p 204
[4]. Bencaiova G1, Burkhardt T, Beinder Abnormal placental invasion experience at 1 center E J Reprod Med. 2007 Aug;52(8):709-14
[5]. Biro MA, Davey MA, Carolan M, et al: Advanced maternal age and obstetric morbidity for women giving birth in Victoria, Australia: a population-based study. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 52(3):229, 2012

Abstract: Objective- The study was done to see the prevalence of cholelithiasis in chronic kidney disease(CKD) patients and establish CKD as a risk factor for cholelithiasis. Materials and method- Medical, demographic and clinical data of all the patients were recorded between age of 18-70 years with diagnosis of CKD as per NFK/KDOQI criteria regardless of its primary cause.The serum creatinine and blood urea was estimated at the time of admission and eGFR was calculated. USG abdomen was done during hospital stay.
Results- Overall prevalence of cholelithiasis in CKD patients was 18.9%. Prevalence rate of cholelithiasis was increasing with age and body mass index(BMI), much higher in female, dyslipidemic, diabetic and patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism...

Keywords: CKD, Cholelithiasis, BMI, eGFR.

[1]. J.Larry Jameson et al,2016;Harrison's Principles of Internal medicine19:1811-1825
[2]. Singh A, Farag Y, Mittal B, Karai Subramanian K, Reddy SRK, Acharya VN.et al,2003; Epidemiology and risk factors of chronic kidney disease in India-result from the SEEK (Screening and Early Evaluation of Kidney Disease) study. BMC Nephrology 14:114-23
[3]. Tierney S,Pitt HA, Lillemoe KD,1993; Physiology and pathophysiology of gallbladder motility. SurgClin North Am. 73:1267y1290.
[4]. Patankar R, Ozmen MM, Bailey IS, Johnson CD,1995; Gallbladder motility, gallstones, and the surgeon. Dig Dis Sci. 40:2323Y2335.
[5]. Campese VM, Romoff MS, Levitan D, Lane K, Massry SG,1981;Mechanisms of autonomic nervous system dysfunction in uremia. Kidney Int. 20:246Y253.

Abstract: Aim: Acute Visual Dysfunction may be caused by Acute Phenytoin Toxicity Method: An 18 year old female with prior generalized tonic-clonic seizures developed blurred vision, diffuse corneal opacity (OD), and ankyloblepharon after Phenytoin administration for seizures. Colour vision was found to be normal with Ishihara pseudo-isochromatic charts and visual fields (Humphrey's automated perimeter) show gross concentric constriction in both eyes. Fundus examination revealed increased CD ratio in both eyes. Patient also developed multiple cutaneous maculo-papular lesions and Steven-Johnson syndrome like exfoliation of skin around lips and perioral area. Serum free-phenytoin concentration measured reveals toxic levels of Phenytoin with no other prior co-morbid retinopathy or optic nerve defect. Results: Phenytoin was withheld, and Leviteracetam.....

Keywords: acute phenytoin toxicity, ocular manifestation, Symblepharon, SJS-Steven Johnson Syndrome

[1]. Shaikh AS, Li Y, Cao L, Guo R. Analysis of phenytoin drug concentration for evaluation of clinical response, uncontrolled seizures and toxicity. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2018 Jul;31(4(Special)):1697-1700. [PubMed]
[2]. Manto M, Perrotta G. Toxic-induced cerebellar syndrome: from the fetal period to the elderly. Handb Clin Neurol. 2018;155:333-352. [PubMed]
[3]. Sasaki E, Yokoi T. Role of cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism and involvement of reactive metabolite formations on antiepileptic drug-induced liver injuries. J Toxicol Sci. 2018;43(2):75-87. [PubMed]
[4]. Gosavi DD, Akanksha S, Sanjay N. A case of phenytoin induced gum enlargement. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2012; 5(1): 10-1

Abstract: Reactive perforating collagenosis ( RPC ) is characterized by transepidermal elimination of altered collagen through the epidermis. Two distinct forms of RPC are known ; rare inherited form that starts in early childhood and a common acquired form that occurs in adulthood. We report a rare case of inherited form of RPC in a female child with presence of similar lesions in her elder brother .A 9 year old female child presented with extensive dark colored skin lesions over face and extremities since 6 months. On dermatological examination , multiple closely studded skin colored and hyperpigmented crateriform lesions with central crusting were present on dorsum of hand. Discretely arranged papules with central adherent keratotic plugging were seen over trunk and extremities. Histopathological examination revealed invagination of the epidermis with necrotic inflammatory material and collagen fibres which are seen at the base of the lesion with transepidermal elimination . Masson's......

[1]. Verma R, Vasudevan B, Pragasam V, Deb P, Venugopal R, Mitra D. A rare case of familial reactive perforating collagenosis. Indian J Dermatol 2013;58:408
[2]. Kandhari R, Sharma V, Ramesh V, Singh A. Familial reactive perforating collagenosis in three siblings. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2014;80:86-7
[3]. Kumar V, Mehndiratta V, Sharma RC, Narayan S, Koranne RV, Kakar N. Familial reactive perforating collagenosis: A case report. J Dermatol 1998;25:54-6.
[4]. Bhat YJ, Manzoor S, Qayoom S, Wani R, Baba AN, Bhat AH. Familial reactive perforating collagenosis. Indian J Dermatol 2009;54:334-7.

Abstract: Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge and attitude of operating theatre users, and challenges envisaged in the care of COVID 19 patients in the operating theatre in tertiary healthcare facilities in Port Harcourt. Background: Staggering statistics of morbidity and mortality have been reported on COVID-19 disease in different countries on a global scale, and healthcare providers, including operating theatre staff, are not spared in the line of duty. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out at two multispecialty tertiary healthcare facilities in Port Harcourt.....

Key Words: COVID 19; Coronavirus; The Surgical Operating Theatre; Port Harcourt; Nigeria

[1]. ZHU Z-q, XIA Y-s. Current situation and protection of occupational injuries of nurses in operating room and countermeasures [J]. Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology. 2011;21.
[2]. Miao-fang L. Occupational Injuries in Operating Room of Orthopedics Hospital: Risk Factors and Preventive Effect [J]. Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology. 2010;24.
[3]. Woodhead K, Taylor E, Bannister G, Chesworth T, Hoffman P, Humphreys H. Behaviours and rituals in the operating theatre: a report from the Hospital Infection Society Working Party on Infection Control in Operating Theatres. Journal of hospital infection. 2002;51(4):241-55.
[4]. Tarantola A, Golliot F, L'Heriteau F, Lebascle K, Ha C, Farret D, et al. Assessment of preventive measures for accidental blood exposure in operating theaters: a survey of 20 hospitals in Northern France. American journal of infection control. 2006;34(6):376-82.
[5]. Harsoor S, Bhaskar SB. Designing an ideal operating room complex. Indian Journal of Anaesthesia. 2007;51(3):193..

Abstract: Background: Hospital acquired infection is the major problem in health care service worldwide. They become the cause for morbidity and mortality. Almost 10% of hospitalised patients would develop infection during their stay at the health service centres. Aseptic technique is a standard healthcare technique that helps in preventing hospital acquired infections.[1] Materials and Methods: A Descriptive study among the Interns of Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences which is a teaching hospital in Pondicherry using Questionnaire through Google Forms. Results: Majority of the study group (95.7%) are aware of the aseptic techniques performed in hospital environment. But to the contrary, only 18.6% of the study group had received a formal in-service training for sterile dressing techniques from various resources...

Key Words: aseptic techniques, surgical wound dressing, health care professionals, surgical wound infection, awareness.

[1]. Hebl JR. The importance and implications of aseptic techniques during regional anesthesia. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2006;31(4):311-323. doi:10.1016/j.rapm.2006.04.004
[2]. Judith Seltzer, Kathleen McGrow, Alison Horsman , Denise M. Korniewicz, Awareness of Surgical Site Infections for Advanced Practice Nurses, AACN Adv Crit Care (2002) 13 (3): 398–409.
[3]. John H.HenzelMD1M.S.DeWeeseMD1, Morbid and mortal complications associated with prolonged central venous cannulation: Awareness, recognition, and prevention, The American Journal of Surgery, Volume 121, Issue 5, May 1971, Pages 600-605.
[4]. G.E.Margareat Thatcher, V. Hemavathy, Aseptic Wound Dressing Practices among Nurses, IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science (IOSR-JNHS) e-ISSN: 2320–1959.p- ISSN: 2320–1940 Volume 4, Issue 3 Ver. I (May. - Jun. 2015), PP 31-33
[5]. Hindreen Younis Najm& Ronak Nhmatala Hussein , Assessment of wound dressing practices among nurses at the emergency hospitals in Erbil city, Zanco J. Med. Sci., Vol. 22, No. (1), April, 2018.

Abstract: Background: In developing countries like India, Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the predominant causes of morbidity and mortality with great impact on the socioeconomic losses. Every year, 50 - 60% of the road traffic accident patients are being hospitalised for traumatic brain injury. Patients of TBI have high risk of electrolyte derangements and it is likely due to abnormality in serum sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium. This study was conducted to evaluate serum derangements of different electrolytes in patients with traumatic brain injury.
Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study conducted in the department of neurosurgery from October 2019 to June 2020. All...

Keywords: Traumatic brain injury; Electrolyte imbalance;sodium; potassium; Calcium; Magnesium.

[1]. Dandona R, Kumar GA, Ameer MA, Ahmed GM, Dandona L. Incidence and burden of road traffic injuries in urban India. Inj Prev.2008; 14(6): 354-359.
[2]. Burden of disease in India. National Commission on Macroeconomics and Health background papers, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare. New Delhi, India:2005.
[3]. Lath R. Hyponatremia in neurological diseases in ICU. Indian J, Crit. Care Med.2005; 9:47-51
[4]. Pomeranz S, Constantini S, Rappaport ZH. Hypokalaemia in severe head trauma. Acta Neurochir.1989; 97(1-2): 62-66.
[5]. Gaab M, Knoblich OE, Schupp J, Herrmann F, Fuhrmeister U. Effect of furosemide on acute severe experimental cerebral edema. J Neurol.1979; 220(3): 185-197.

Abstract: Thyroid disorders are among the common endocrine problems in pregnant women. Often overlooked in pregnancy due to nonspecific symptoms and hyper-metabolic state of pregnancy. Western literature shows prevalence of hypothyroidism in pregnancy as 2.5% and hypothyroidism as 0.1-0.4%. There is paucity of data on prevalence of thyroid disorders in India pregnant population. This study was carried out to know prevalence of thyroid disorders in pregnant women in Indian population Methods: One hundred pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in first trimester were registered. Detailed history and examination was done. Apart from routine basic and obstetrical investigations, TSH, FT3 and FT4 level estimation wasdone.....

Key Words: Anemia, Pediatrics, Iron deficiency anemia

[1]. Muthayya S, Thankachan Pet.al., Low anemia prevalence in Stagnaro-Green A. Thyroid antibodies and miscarriage: Where are we at a generation later? J Thyroid Res.2011;2011:841949.
[2]. LeBeau SO, Mandel SJ. Thyroid disorders during pregnancy. EndocrinolMetabClin North Am. 2006;35:117-36
[3]. Nambiar V, Jagtap VS, Sarathi V, Lila AR, Kamalanathan S, Bandgar TR, et al. Prevalence and impact of thyroid disorders on maternal outcome in AsianIndian pregnant women. J Thyroid Res. 2011;2011:4290-7.
[4]. Sahu MT, Das V, Mittal S, Agarwal A, Sahu M. Overt and subclinical thyroid dysfunction among Indian pregnant women and its effect on maternal and fetal outcome. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2010;281:215-20.
[5]. Casey BM, Dashe JS, Wells CE, McIntire DD, Byrd W, Leveno KJ, et al. Subclinical hypothyroidism and pregnancy outcomes. Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Feb;105:239-45..

Abstract: Background: Overweight andobesity are complex conditions caused by a mixture of genetic, environmental and medical factors. They affect 39% and 13% of the world's population respectively and havedeleterious health implications such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and cancers that affect individuals in all ages and socio-economic groups. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the sociodemographic and other factors associated with overweight and obesity among students in the University of Uyo, in south-south region of Nigeria. Methods: this study was a cross sectional study with 343 participants (187 males and 156 females) who were selected by multistage sampling.....

Key Words: Associatedfactors, overweight, obesity, university students, physical activity, healthy diet, unhealthy diet.

[1]. Opara DC, Ekanem US, Akwaowo CD. Prevalence and Risk Factors for obesity and some diet related chronic diseases in a military settlement. Ibagwa, Nigeria. Niger J Nutr Sci. 2014;2:43-51.
[2]. Hossain P, Kawar B, El Nahas M. Obesity and diabetes in the developing world--a growing challenge. N Engl J Med. 2007;356(3):213-215. doi:10.1056/NEJMp068177
[3]. World health organisation. Obesity and Overweight. WHO. Published 2020. Accessed August 13, 2020. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
[4]. Chukwuonye I, Chuku A, John C, et al. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in adult Nigerians – A systematic review. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2013;6:43-47. doi:10.2147/DMSO.S38626
[5]. Ejike C, Ijeh I. Obesity in young-adult Nigerians: variations in prevalence determined by anthropometry and bioelectrical impedence analysis, and the development of % body fat prediction equations. Int Arch Med. 2012;5(22).

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Dysmenorrhea,a common problemin women of reproductive age,It is a very serious problem that can often directly affect the quality of life.Menstrual pain is severe enough to impact on daily activities.The cause of pain is due to excessive level of prostaglandins hormones that leads to spasm of the uterus and cause ischemia during menstruation.Structured exercise protocol commonly cited as a probable remedy for menstrual symptoms with limited research available.still Aerobic exercise are having more beneficial in dysmenorrhea. OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of structured exercise protocol on pain intensity and pain copying strategy for the subjects with dysmenorrhea. METHODS: The study design was apilot study.15 females at.....

Key Words: Dysmenorrhea,pain coping strategy,cognitive behavioural therapy,aerobic exercise

[1]. BrownJBrownS.Exercisefordysmenorrhea.Obstet.gynecol.2010Jul;116(1):1867.
[2]. Neinstein LS.,K.S Sathish Menstrual disorders in adolescent,Topics in paediatrics.Med Clin North Am. 1990 Sep;74(5):1181-203.
[3]. K.S Sathish Kumar., Dysmenorrhea higher secondary school subjects of Imphal west District,Manipur. Journal of medical society,vol 30 Feb 2016.
[4]. Shabnam omidran.,primary Dysmenorrhea and Menstrual symptoms in Indian Female Students. 2016 Aug; 8(8): 135–144.
[5]. AllanAbbott.,the coping strategyQuestionnaire.Journalofphysiotherapy,karolinska Institute. Sweden 2016 Feb 56.