iosr-JDMS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-9 ~ Sep. 2020

Abstract: Background:Antibiotic associated diarrhea (AAD) is encountered in a considerable proportion of children who are treated with antibiotics. Widely used antibiotic combination of amoxicillin trihydrate and clavulanic acid has been reported to cause AAD in 5-25% of children. The novel manufacturing process PURIMOX is a biocatalytic synthesis of the active ingredientamoxycillin which prevents environmental pollutant contamination unlike the conventional chemical synthesis and may impact the incidence of AAD with this antibiotic. Methods A prescription database was used to extract total number of prescriptions of Co-amoxyclav over a period of one year. Prescriptions of the same population visiting for a subsequent follow up were also extracted. The objectives of this prescription data analysis were to evaluate the total number of Co-amoxyclav prescriptions with a co-prescription of a probiotic in the first visit and co-prescription of a probiotic and/or anti-diarrheal in the subsequent visit. Prescriptions of Clamp and Augmentin were analysed in detail........

[1]. Abeylath, S.C. and E. Turos, Drug delivery approaches to overcome bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2008. 5(9): p. 931-949.
[2]. Demain, A.L. and R.P. Elander, The beta-lactam antibiotics: past, present, and future. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek International Journal of General and Molecular Microbiology, 1999. 75(1-2): p. 5-19.
[3]. Bergogne-Berezin E: Treatment and prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhea. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents (2000) 16:521-526
[4]. Bartlett JG: Antibiotic-associated diarrhea. N. Engl. J. Med. (2002) 346(5):334-339
[5]. Lembcke B, Kist M, Lentke MJ et al.: Antibiotic-associated diarrhea: Incidence, risk factors of antibiotics and patients, pathophysiology and differential diagnosis – an interdisciplinary approach to a common problem. Praxis (2003) 92:751-759.

Abstract: Background: This study was targeted at concluding on any relation between size and site of uterine fibroids and the influence on the intensity of dysmenorrhoea and menorrhagia. Another parameter that was considered was the duration of menstruation and its relation with the fore mentioned parameters. Methods: Patients who visited the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at our hospital with evidence of uterine fibroids on ultrasonography were selected as the participants of the study. A Pictorial Blood Loss Assessment Chart and a pain score was provided to each of the participants after obtaining their consent and were asked to quantify dysmenorrhoea and menorrhagia. The charts were analysed and conclusions were derived at....

Key Words: Uterine fibroids, menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea, ultrasonography

[1]. "Uterine fibroids fact sheet". Office on Women's Health. January 15, 2015. Archived from the original on 7 July 2015. Retrieved 26 June 2015.
[2]. Global Burden of Disease Study 2013, Collaborators (5 June 2015). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet. 386 (9995): 743–800. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60692-4. PMC 4561509. PMID 26063472.
[3]. Sule Gokyildiz, Ergul Aslan, Nezihe Kizilkaya Beji, and Meltem Mecdi, "The Effects of Menorrhagia on Women's Quality of Life: A Case-Control Study," ISRN Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. 2013, Article ID 918179, 7 pages, 2013.
[4]. Latthe PM, Champaneria R, Khan KS. Dysmenorrhoea. BMJ Clin Evid. 2011;2011:0813. Published 2011 Feb 21.
[5]. Duckitt K, Collins S.BMJ Clin Evid. 2008 Sep 18;2008. pii: 0805. Review.PMID: 19445802.

Abstract: Odontogenic infections are solely a causative factor of the fascial space infections and can be life threatening if not treated appropriately. The facial nerve and its course is correlated with few of fascial spaces which indeed can be affected by the invasive spread of the fascial space infection. Need of eradicating self-medication by the patient is beneficial for smoothening of the treatment modality of fascial space infection. Treating systemic diseases in patient who is diagnosed with the fascial space infection is beneficial for rapid improvement in the patient.

Key Words: Facial nerve involvement; odontogenic infections; unilateral fascial space infection; systemic diseases; self-medication; long standing facial nerve compression

[1]. Topazian RG, Goldberg MH, Hupp JR. Oral and maxillofacial infections, 4th ed.,Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company; 2002.
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[3]. Rodrigues, D. C. A.; Andreo, J. C.; Menezes, D. F. L.; Chinellato, P. T. & Rosa-Júnior, G. M. Anatomy Of The Facial Nerve And Its Implication In The Surgical Procedures. Int. J. Morphol., 27(1):183-186, 2009.
[4]. Robin L. M. Gray, Peripheral Facial Nerve Paralysis Of Dental Origin. British Journal Of Oral Surgery 16 (1978-79) 143-150.
[5]. Roberson JB, Harper JL, Jauch EC. Mortality associated with cervicofacial necrotizing fasciitis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral RadiolEndod 1996;82:264–7.
[6]. Larawin V, Naipao J, Dubey SP. Head and neck space infections. Otolaryngol HeadNeck Surg 2006;135:889–93.

Abstract: During the course of orthodontic treatment, the permanent second molar needs to be included and aligned at the end of treatment. Bonding of second molar has been a challenge for an orthodontist because of poor accessibility, moisture control and difficulty in cheek retraction. All these leads to bond failure. Thus cheek retractor is customized for simultaneous retraction using copper malleable retractor and maintaining dry field using suction tip.

Key Words: Cheek retractor, second molar bonding

[1]. American Board of Orthodontics. Case report preparation. St Louis; 2009.
[2]. Londhe SM, Kumar P, Mitra R, Kotwal A. Efficacy of Second Molar to Achieve Anchorage Control in Maximum Anchorage Cases. Med J Armed Forces India. 2011;66(3):220-4.
[3]. Naik RD, Kidiyoor H, Revankar AV, Ganeshkar SV. Modification of cheek retractor for high volume evacuation. Journal of clinical orthodontics;2009; VolumeXLIII Number 10;664.
[4]. Garg A, Revankar AV. Hybrid cheek- tongue retractor device. Practice pearls : November 2011, vol.12, pp.152-154.

Abstract: Mesenteric cysts are the rare cysts may occur in the mesentery of either small intestine (60%) or the colon (40%). They most commonly occur in adult with a mean age of 45 years, twice common in males. The most common presentation is painless abdominal lump with characteristic signs: there is a fluctuant swelling near the umbilicus which moves freely in a plane at right angles to the attachment of the mesentery (Tillaux's sign) and resonant note around the cyst. Other presentations are with recurrent abdominal pain with or without vomiting. They can be classified as Chylolymphatic, Enterogenous, Urogenital remnant and Dermoid. Out of these Chylolymphatic is the most common. We report a case of mesenteric cyst in a child.

[1]. Mesentric cyst review literature – dr priyadarshan konar

Abstract: Caesarean section (CS) is one of the essential factors in reducing the risk of intrapartum fetal death. Nevertheless, CS can also cause several complications. For the mother, surgical complications such as bleeding, infection and thrombosis may occur,[1]and the risk of uterine rupture and placenta praevia in subsequent pregnancies is increased.[2]Overall, CS has been associated with a higher risk of severe maternal morbidity and mortality when compared with vaginal delivery[3]. Induction of labour is one of the most common procedures during pregnancy. Data from the National Centre for Health Statistics for the last decade indicate that the rate of labour induction has increased gradually from 9% to 20%. This increase has been noted both at community Hospitals and at the university tertiary care hospitals. Explanations for this jump in the induction rate are complex and multifactorial. Better planning of birth by the physician, patient and her family is the most common reason. Other reasons include the availability of Food and Drug Administration

[1]. Grivell RM, Dodd JM. Short- and long-term outcomes after cesarean section. Expert Rev Obstet Gynecol 2011;6:205–15.
[2]. Colmorn LB, Krebs L, Klungsøyr K, et al. Mode of first delivery and severe maternal complications in the subsequent pregnancy. ActaObstet Gynecol Scand 2017;96:1053–62..
[3]. Villar J, Carroli G, Zavaleta N, et al. Maternal and neonatal individual risks and benefits associated with caesarean delivery: multicentre prospective study. BMJ 2007;335:1025

Abstract: Methods: We reviewed consecutive patients with involuntary abnormal movements (IAMs)following a stroke who were included in the Department of Neurology, Govt Salem Medical College, Stroke Registry and they were followed up for at least one year after the onset of the IAM. We determined the clinical features, topographical correlations and frequency of movement disorders associated with stroke. Results: Of 1500 patients with stroke 52 developed movement disorders up to one year after the stroke. Patients with chorea were older and the patients with dystonia were younger than the patients with other IAMs. In patients with isolated vascular lesions without IAMs, surface lesions prevailed but patients with deep vascular lesions showed a higher probability of developing abnormal movements....

Key Words: post stroke movement disorders, vascular cause for movement disorders

[1]. Kelman H. Hemiballismus: a clinicopathologic study in two cases. J NervMentDis 1945;101:363–71.
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[4]. Martı´n TP, Akoek NS. Hemichorea associated with a lesion of corpus Luysii.Brain 1934;57:504–5.
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Abstract: Introduction: Hypoglycaemia among Diabetics is one of the acute complications that can increase morbidity andmortality of patients if not corrected in time. Having good knowledge on hypoglycaemia is a must for better management of Diabetes Mellitus. Aim: To assess the knowledge and attitude towardshypoglycaemia in diabetic patients. Material and Methods: Diabetic patients over 3 months duration (1st October 2019 to 31st December 2019), were included in the study andwere given a questionnaire which had questions on demographic profile of patient, associated co-morbidities, their knowledge on symptoms, precipitating factors and remedial measures of hypoglycaemia. Results: We had130 patients for the study which showed a female predominance (59.3%, n=77). Maximum cases (49.2%, n=64) were in the age group.......

Key Words: Diabetic, hypoglycaemia, knowledge,OHA

[1]. Cryer PE. The Barrier of Hypoglycemia in Diabetes. Diabetes. 2008;57(12):3169-76. doi: 10.2337/db08-1084.
[2]. Cryer P. Hypoglycaemia: The limiting factor in the glycaemic management of Type I and Type II Diabetes*. Diabetologia. 2002;45(7):937-48. doi: 10.1007/s00125-002-0822-9.
[3]. Peyrot M, Rubin RR, Lauritzen T, Snoek FJ, Matthews DR, Skovlund SE. Psychosocial problems and barriers to improved diabetes management: results of the Cross-National Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes and Needs (DAWN) Study. Diabetic Medicine. 2005;22(10):1379-85. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2005.01644.x.
[4]. Lundkvist J, Berne C, Bolinder B, Jönsson L. The economic and quality of life impact of hypoglycemia. The European Journal of Health Economics. 2005;6(3):197-202. doi: 10.1007/s10198-005-0276-3.

Abstract: Periodontal disease is a biofilm associated polymicrobial disease that involves a complex interplay between the pathogenic bacteria and the host. The biofilm nature of the disease limits any long-term success in the treatment of this disease, as sooner or later, the biofilm is re-established. Over the years, a number of treatments have been used as adjuncts to scaling and root planing to maximize benefits of periodontal therapy. Probiotics have been used for a number of years in the field of general medicine for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, prevention of allergies, etc., Microbial plaque is the primary etiology for periodontal diseases and its removal with mechanical therapy is considered as gold standard to achieve periodontal health .in addition to that, many chemotherapeutic agent including antimicrobial host modulation agents have been used to achieve better results.

Key Words: synbiotics, probiotics, antibiotics, pathobiotechnology, bion.

[1]. Chatterjee A, Bhattacharya H, Kandwal A. Probiotics in periodontal health and disease. Journal of Indian society of periodontology. 2011 Jan; 15(1):23. [2]. Jayaram P, Chatterjee A, Raghunathan V. Probiotics in the treatment of periodontal disease: a systematic review. Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology. 2016 Sep; 20(5):488. [3]. Prathoshni M, Rajasekar A. Significance of probiotics in periodontal therapy: A short review. Drug Invention Today. 2019 Aug 15; 11(8). [4]. Stamatova I, Meurman JH. Probiotics and periodontal disease. Periodontology 2000. 2009;51(1):141-51. [5]. Teughels W, Loozen G, Quirynen M. Do probiotics offer opportunities to manipulate the periodontal oral microbiota?. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 2011 Mar;38:159-77.

Abstract: The main objective of the study was to characterize patients with diabetes mellitus Type 2 (DM type 2)and fatty liver diagnosed by liver/spleen Hounsfield units using computed tomography (CT). The study was conducted in the Medical Imaging Department – CT scan department in Jeddah Hospitals (Kingdom Saudi Arabia). AN abdominal CT scan was performed for all patients; the study was obtained during the period from March 2018 to March 2020. About 100 diabetic patients of age (31-85 years) who attended to computed tomography for abdominal CT. Results: the males were more than women, males were 54% and females were 46%, elderly patients age between 51-60 years old were 33% of the total sample is most affected by DM Type2.......

Key Words: diabetes mellitus Type 2, fatty liver, CT scan, Hounsfield unit.

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