iosr-JDMS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-9 ~ Sep. 2020

Abstract: Background:Eclampsia is an important cause of maternalmortality in developing countries likeIndia. Eclampsia is also responsible for complications like heart failure, pre term labor, etc as well as adverse fetal outcomes. Hence this study is undertaken mainly to forecast the scenario of developing pregnancy induced hypertension at early trimester of 14 to 20 weeks of gestation by two main predictors – serum beta HCG and plasma lipid profile to prevent the development of eclampsia at near term. Methods:A total of 150 pregnant women who had attended the department of obstetrics and gynaecology of the institute, from May 2016 to September 2017, were selected for the study. Pregnant women with known last menstrual period or first trimester sonography with gestational age between 14 to 20 weeks were included irrespective of parity and data analysed.........

Key Words: PIH, Eclampsia, Lipid profile, beta HCG

[1]. Wolde Z, Segne H, Woldie M. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in Jimma university specialized hospital. Ethiop J Health Sci 2011; 21(3):147-154.
[2]. Tanaka M, Jaamaa G, Kaiser, et al. Racial Disparity in Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy in New York State: A 10-Year Longitudinal Population- Based Study. Am J Public Health 2007; 97(1): 163-170.
[3]. Hazarika NC, Biswas D, Narain K, Phukan RK, Kalita HC, Mahanta J. Differences in blood pressure level and hypertension in three ethnic groups of north-eastern India. Asia Pac J Public Health 2000; 12(2): 71-78.
[4]. Bardale RV, Dixit PG. Pregnancy-related deaths: A Three- year retrospective study. J Indian Acad Forensic Med 2010; 32(1): 15-18.
[5]. Maria B. Maternal mortality: avoidable obstetrical complications. J GynecolObstetBiolReprod(Paris) 2001; 30(6): 23-32.

Abstract: Background: The prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) worldwide and especially in developing countries has been increasing. Apart from the well documented health impacts of DM, the quality of life of diabetic patients has been found to be lower than that of the general populationin four main domains including physical health, psychological, social and economic domains. Aims: This study aimed to elucidate on the socio-economic and quality of life indices of selected DM patients who reported at theTeaching Hospital in Akwa Ibom state, Nigeria. Methods: A cross sectional study design was used to study a sample of 200 DM patients managed at the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital (UUTH). A structured, pre-validated questionnaire was used in addition to the WHO BREF quality of life assessment instrument to collect data.....

Key Words: Diabetes mellitus (DM), physical health, social impact, psychological effect, economic burden

[1]. International Diabetes Federation (IDF). IDF Diabetes Atlas. 9th editio. (Karuranga S, Malanda B, Saeedi P, Salpea P, eds.). International Diabetes Federation; 2019. https://www.diabetesatlas.org/
[2]. World health organisation. Global Report on Diabetes.; 2016.
[3]. Uloko AE, Musa BM, Ramalan MA, et al. Prevalence and Risk Factors for Diabetes Mellitus in Nigeria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Diabetes Ther. 2018;9(3):1307-1316. doi:10.1007/s13300-018-0441-1
[4]. Skovlund SE. Psychological Impact and Need for Psychological Care and Support: What Do People with Diabetes and Caregivers Say? Results of a Scientific Survey of 9,869 People with Diabetes and Caregivers in Denmark. In: 80th Scientific Sessions: A Virtual Experience. American Diabetes Association; 2020. https://plan.core-apps.com/tristar_ada20/event/41300fe4328f9d3710f0a80baf373a79
[5]. Mena Martín FJ, Martín Escudero JC, Simal Blanco F, Bellido Casado J, Carretero Ares JL. [Type 2 diabetes mellitus and health-related quality of life: results from the Hortega Study]. An Med Interna. 2006;23(8):357-360. doi:10.4321/s0212-71992006000800002

Abstract: Background: Cellulitis is more commonly seen in lower limbs as they are more susceptible to injuries. This study analyzes the prevalence, causes and risk factors for cellulitis in non – diabetics Methods: This study was conducted at hospitals in Pondicherry and included 100 non – diabetic patients with cellulitis. The severity of cellulitis was graded as per CREST guidelines. Demographics, risk factors, grades, management and treatment outcomes were recorded and analyzed. Results: Prevalence of cellulitis was more common in females (58%) and old age group (37%). It is more unilateral (86%) and resulted from post bite wounds (21%). Patients with severe grades of cellulitis needed surgical intervention and many patients needed skin grafting. Conclusions: The prevalence of lower limb cellulitis in non- diabetics was found to be more in females and in elderly groups. Patients who are not diabetic presenting with lower limb cellulitis can result in severe morbid consequences but in the absence of co- morbid illness, they usually recover with mild residual disabilities.

Key Words: Cellulitis, CREST guidelines, Lower limb, Non-diabetic

[1]. Carratala` J, Roso´n B, Ferna´ndez-Sabe´ N, Shaw E, del Rio O, Rivera A, et al. Factors associated with complications and mortality in hospitalized adult patients for infectious cellulitis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2003;22:151-7
[2]. Lazzarini L, Conti E, Tositti G, de Lalla F. Erysipelas and cellulitis in an institute in Italy. J Infect. 2005;51:383-9.
[3]. Eriksson B, Jorup-Ro¨nstro¨m C, Karkkonen K, Sjo¨blom AC, Holm SE. Erysipelas: clinical and bacteriologic spectrum and serological aspects. Clin Infect Dis. 1996;23:1091-8.
[4]. Roujeau JC, Sigurgeirsson B, Korting HC, Kerl H, Paul C. Chronic dermatomycoses of the foot as risk factor for acute bacterial cellulitis of the leg. Dermatol. 2004;209:301-7.
[5]. Smith SR, Reed JF. Prevalence of mixed infections in patients with diabetic wound: a perspective based on a national audit. Int J Lower Extremity Wounds. 2002;1(2):125-8.

Abstract: Trauma to the anterior teeth is relatively a common occurrence. There are several treatment modalities for such condition, one of which is the reattachment of fractured fragment itself. Reattachment of fractured fragment provides immediate treatment with better esthetics, restoration of function, and is a faster and less complicated procedure. Reattachment of tooth fragment should be the first choice and is a viable alternative to conventional approaches because of simplicity, natural esthetics, and conservation of tooth structure. Patient cooperation and understanding of the limitations of the treatment is of utmost importance for good prognosis.This manuscript presents a case report describing the management of a cervically fractured maxillary anterior teeth in which the fragment was reattached and endodontically treated. Reattachment of fractured tooth fragment offers a viable restorative alternative, immediately restores tooth function and esthetics with the use of a very conservative and cost-effective approach............

Key Words: crown fracture, endodontic treatment, fragment reattachment, trauma

[1]. Reattachment of Anterior Teeth Fragments:A Conservative Approach, georgia v. macedo, dds*patriciai. diaz, dds, phd†carlosaugusto de o. fernandes, dds, ms, phd‡andré v. ritter, dds, ms§, (J EsthetRestor Dent 20:5–20, 2008.
[2]. Andreasen JO, Andreasen F, Andersson L. Textbook and color atlas of traumatic injuries to the teeth. 3rd ed. St Louis (MO): Mosby; 1994.
[3]. Alvares I, Sensi LG, Araujo EM Jr, & Araujo E (2007) Silicone index: An alternative approach for tooth fragment reattachment Journal of Esthetic and RestorativeDentistry 19(5) 240-246.
[4]. Reis A, Francci C, Loguercio AD, Carrilho MR, &RodriquesFilho LE (2001) Re-attachment of anterior fractured teeth: Fracture strength using different techniques Operative Dentistry 26(3) 287-294.
[5]. Olsburgh S, Jacoby T, Krejci I. Crown fractures in the permanent dentition: pulpal and restorative considerations. Dent Traumatol 2002;18(3):103–15.

Abstract: There was a parallel change in the form of establishment of boards and universities to address the area of assessment of students and their certification as fit/unfit. What followed was an era of objective and standardized tests. Educationally, internal assessment provides some of the best opportunities for assessing skills and competencies which cannot be assessed by traditional examinations.

Key Words: Objective tests, Standardized tests, Assessing skills, Competencies

[1]. Beatty, P. (2004). The Dynamics of Cognitive Interviewing. In S. Presser, J. Rothgeb, M. Couper, J. Lessler, E. Martin, J. Martin, and E. Singer (eds.), Methods for Testing and Evaluating Survey Questionnaires, pp 45-66. New York: Wiley.
[2]. Beatty, P., Willis, G. B., and Schechter, S. (1997). Evaluating the generalizability of cognitive interview findings. In Office of Management and Budget Seminar on Statistical Methodology in the Public Service, Statistical Policy Working Paper 26, pp. 353-362. Washington, DC: Statistical Policy Office.
[3]. Beatty, P., and Willis, G. (2007). The Practice of Cognitive Interviewing. Public Opinion Quarterly, 71: 288-311.
[4]. Campanelli, P. (1997). Testing survey questions: New directions in cognitive interviewing. Bulletin de Methodologie Sociologique, 55, 5-17.

Abstract: Lateral medullary infarction (LMI) or Wallenberg's syndrome is one of the best known vascular syndromes of the posterior circulation. . The posterolateral part of the medulla oblongata of the brain stem and cerebellum receiving arterial blood supply from the posterior inferior cerebellar artery are the areas commonly affected.The usual symptoms of LMI include vertigo, dizziness, nystagmus, ataxia, nausea and vomiting, dysphagia, hoarseness, impaired sensation over half the face, impairment of pain and thermal sensation over the contralateral hemibody and limbs and the ipsilateral face, and Horner's syndrome.(1,2,3) A hiccup is a rare symptom in lateral medullary syndrome (Wallenberg's Syndrome)........

[1]. Musumeci A, Cristofori L, Bricolo A. Persistent hiccup as presenting symptom in medulla oblongata cavernoma: A case report and review of the literature. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2000;102:13–7. [2]. Ahmed RA, Shaheen M, Noshi MS. Lateral medullary syndrome: An unusual central cause for unilateral vocal cord palsy. J Med Biomed Sci. 2013;5:89–92. [3]. Park MH, Kim BJ, Koh SB, Park MK, Park KW, Lee DH. Lesional location of lateral medullary infarction presenting hiccups (singultus) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005;76:95–8. [4]. Kim JS. Pure lateral medullary infarction: Clinicalradiological correlation of 130 acute, consecutive patients. Brain. 2003;126:1864–72. [5]. Kumar A, Dromerick AW. Intractable hiccups during stroke rehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1998;79:697–9.

Abstract: Background:The term neuropathic pain is used for many types of neuropathies diseases such as diabetic neuropathy; herpetic neuropathy etc. Post-traumatic trigeminal neuralgia (PTTN) term is used by author to denote neuropathies occurring due to trauma during dental surgery strictly. This is one of very few studies which have emphasized the role of combination therapy of medicine in the treatment of PTTN. Aim and objectives:To enhance the efficacy of first line of drug i; e carbamazepine CR (control release) and vitamins B-complex(neurobion forte) for treatment of post-traumatic trigeminal neuralgia by adding supportive medicines such an amitryptyline and ranitidine.Secondly, to observe the changes in the blood cells count after medicinal therapy, If at all occur or not and finally to record the improvement in the comorbidity/ quality of life and cure rate followed by the treatment. Material and methods............

Key Words: Post-traumatic trigeminal neuralgia (PTTN), neuralgic pain, carbamazepine CR, amitryptyline, ranitidine, gastritis, traumatic dental surgery.

[1]. Haris Y, Zadik Y, Benoliel R et al Painful traumatic trigeminal neuropathy: An open study on the pharmacotherapeutic response to stepped treatment. J oral facial pain headache, 2014; 28(1) 52-60.
[2]. Hasan S, Khan NI, Sherwani OA, et al, Trigeminal neuralgia: an overview with emphasis on medical management, International research Journal of Pharmacy, 2012, 3(11), 235-238.
[3]. Bagheri SC, Farhidvash F, Vincent J et al "Diagnosis and treatment of patients with trigeminal neuralgia". Journal of the American Dental Association, 2004,135 (12): 1713–1717.
[4]. Neslihan T. Neuropathic pain after dental treatment, Koray oral, Jan. 2013; 1-6.
[5]. Kumar S, Kumar A, Rani V, Biswas NR, et al. Prevalence of post-traumatic trigeminal neuralgia (PTTN) in Dental OPD at tertiary care center, Bihar: A retrospective cross-sectional epidemiological study, Sch. J. App. Med. Sci., 2017; 5(2E):626-631.

Abstract: Introduction: Tibial plateau fractures are one of the commonest intra-articular fractures resulting from indirect coronal or direct axial compressive forces. Fractures of tibial plateau constitute 1% of all fractures and 8% fractures in the elderly. Medial condyle (10-23%), lateral condyle (55-70%) and both (11-30%) with differing degrees of articular depression and displacement. Improper restoration of the plateau surface and the axis of the leg could lead to development of posttraumatic early osteoarthritis. Various modalities of treatment have been recommended for particular type of fracture pattern(Schatzker classification).In case of unstable type I and other fractures, open reduction and internal fixation with elevation of depressed fragment with bone grafting/substitute for metaphysial void and rigid fixation with buttress plating is indicated. In order to avoid bone grafting/substitute and their complications............

Key Words: Tibial plateau, Raft construct, Raft screw, Rasmussen criteria. Schatzker classification.

[1]. Jacofsky DJ, Haidukerwych GJ. Tibia plateau fractures. In: Scott WN. Insall & Scott Surgery of the knee. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone. 2006. p.113346.
[2]. Wang SQ, Gao YS,1 Wang JQ, Zhang CQ, Mei J, and Rao ZT. Surgical approach for high-energy posterior tibial plateau fractures. Indian J Orthop. 2011 Mar-Apr; 45(2): 125–31.
[3]. Markhardt BK, Gross JM, Monu J. Schatzker Classification of Tibial Plateau Fractures: Use of CT and MR Imaging Improves Assessment. Radio Graphics. March 2009; 29: 585-97.
[4]. Schatzker J, McBroom R, Bruce D. The tibial plateau fracture. The Toronto experience 1968--1975. Clin Orthop Relat Res1979;138:94–104
[5]. Ali AM, El-Shafie M, Willett KM. Failure of Fixation of Tibial Plateau Fractures. JOT. 2002;16:323-329

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In this study we compare single layer closure and conventional layer closure in laprotomy wounds and the post operative complications and outcomes associated with this study. METHODS: In this prospective study of 100 patients who admitted in Department of General Surgery between July 2018 to March 2020 were assigned such that 50 will be randomized to have the abdominal wall closed by single layer closure technique and remaining 50 by conventional layered closure and they will be grouped as group 1 and group 2 respectively. RESULTS: In this comparative study of 100 patients group 1 patients have less complicates than group 2 , such as seroma is seen in 22 patients in group 1 where as 35 patients in group 2, wound infection is seen in 10 patients in group 1 where as 26 in group...........

Key Words: single layer closure , conventional layer closure ,laprotomy wound ,complications.

[1]. Chummy S. Sinnatamby. Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied. 10th ed. Edinburg: Churchill Livingstone; 1999. p. 215-220.
[2]. Chester B, McVay. Anson and McVay's surgical anatomy. 6th ed. Philidelphia: W.B.Saunders Company; 1984. p. 484-516.
[3]. Jones TE, Newell ET Jr, Brubaker RE. The use of alloy steel wire in the closure of abdominal wounds. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1941; 72: 1056-59.
[4]. Kirk RM. Effect of method of opening and closing the abdomen on incidence of wound bursting. Lancet 1972; 19: 352-3.
[5]. Martyak SN, Curtis LE. Abdominal incision and closure – A systems approach. Am J Surg 1976; 131(4): 476-80.

Abstract:Background: Vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) polymorphism and its association with various diseases have been previously investigated. But the association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism with COPD has not investigated yet. Objectives:To assess the association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism (BsmI) and COPD. Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka from March 2019 to February 2020. For this study, 15 (fifteen) pulmonologist diagnosed COPD patients with age 40 to 80 years (post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC <0.70 and FEV1 <80% predicted) and 15........

Key Words: Vitamin D receptor gene, Single nucleotide polymorphism, BsmI.

[1]. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) (2019).Global strategy for the diagnosis, management and prevention of COPD. [Internet]. [Cited 2019 March 3]. Available from:http://www.goldcopd.org/
[2]. Foreman MG, Campos M, Celedón JC. Genes and chronic obstructivepulmonary disease. Med Clin North Am. 2012 Jul 1; 96(4):699-711. 10.1016/j.mcna.2012.02.006
[3]. Kim WJ, Do Lee S. Candidate genes for COPD: current evidence and research. Int J of Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2015; 10:2249-2255. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S80227
[4]. Reid PT, Innes JA (2018). Respiratory medicine. In: Colledge NR, WalkerBR and Ralston SH, editors. Davidson‟s principles and practice of medicine, 23rded. Churchill Livingstone. Elsevier. p.573-577
[5]. Lomas DA, Silverman EK. The genetics of chronic obstructivepulmonary disease. Respir Res. 2001 Feb 1; 2(1): 20. PMID: 11686861