iosr-JDMS   Volume-21 ~ Issue-9 ~ Sep. 2022

Abstract: Postoperative pain management by analgesics has become a major challenge for service providers all over the world. Due to the various constraints,analgesics usedin postoperative pain management in Bangladesh havegotten greater attention from scientistsand policymakers.We conducted an observational study to assess the effect of postoperative analgesics used on patients in different private clinics in Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Subject selection was purposive to those who were admitted tothe selected clinics from November 2021 to May 2022. We recorded the patient's demographics, postoperative pain orders, and analgesia regime on the day of surgery.The anesthesia.......

Key words: Analgesics, postoperative pain assessment, visual analog scale (VAS)).

[1]. Bonica JJ, Hoffman JF. The Management of Pain with Special Emphasis on the Use of Analgesic Blocks in Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapy. Anesthesia & Analgesia. 1954 Sep 1;34(5):57-8.Marks RM, Sachar EJ. Under treatment of medical inpatients withnarcotic analgesics. Ann Intern Med 1973;78:173-81.
[2]. Dolin SJ, Cashman JN, Bland JM. Effectiveness of acute postoperative pain management: I. Evidence from published data. Br J Anaesth2002;89:409-23.
[3]. Loper K, Butler S, Nessly M, Wild L. Paralyzed with pain: The needfor education. Pain 1989;37:315-7. ApfelbaumJL,
[4]. Apfelbaum JL, Chen C, Mehta SS, Gan TJ. Postoperative pain experience: results from a national survey suggest postoperative pain continues to be undermanaged. Anesthesia & Analgesia. 2003 Aug 1;97(2):534-40.
[5]. Ready LB, Oden R, Chadwick HS, Benedetti C, Rooke GA, Caplan R. Development of an anesthesiology-based postoperative pain management service. Anesthesiology (Philadelphia). 1988;68(1):100-6..

Abstract: Introduction: Dehiscence is a partial or total separation of previously approximated wound edges, due to a failure of proper wound healing. Wound dehiscence primarily occurs after a surgery relating to an open wound. It is sometimes called wound breakdown, wound disruption, or wound separation. It can be influenced by various preoperative and postoperative factors. The present study was carried out to observe the significance of various risk factors in wound dehiscence Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to observe the association of various risk factors among patients with wound dehiscence.......

Key Word: Surgery, Wound, Dehiscence, Discharge

[1]. Bartlett DC, Kingsnorth AN. Abdominal wound dehiscence and incisional hernia. Surgery 2006; 24:234-38.
[2]. Cushieri A, Giles GR, Moosa AR. Wound and their management, In: Essential of Surgical Practice. Butterworth and Heinelnann 1995; 185:1434.
[3]. Al-Fallouje MAR, McBrien MP. Abdominal wound dehiscence In: Post graduate Surgery. Buttenvolth Heinemann 1986:31-33.
[4]. van Ramshorst GH, Nieuwenhuizen J, Hop WC, Arends P, Boom J, Jeekel J, Lange JF. Abdominal wound dehiscence in adults: development and validation of a risk model. World journal of surgery. 2010 Jan;34(1):20-7.
[5]. Webster C, Neumayer L, Smout R, Horn S, Daley J, Henderson W, Khuri S. Prognostic models of abdominal wound dehiscence after laparotomy. Journal of surgical Research. 2003 Feb 1;109(2):130-7..

Abstract: Introduction: Despite receiving complete treatment and care for Covid-19, many still face complications after successfully recovering from this disease. A significant number of patients need systemic corticosteroid supplements for their oxygen deprivationfrom inflammatory lung injury which may increase the risk of opportunistic fungal infections Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to observe the different types of fungal infection in post-Covid-19 patients Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Pathology – Anatomic Pathology, Square Hospitals Ltd, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study duration was 15 months, from 1.7.2020 to 30.9.2021. The study sample size was determined as 24, and the participants were selected through a purposive sampling method......

Keywords: Fungal, Comorbidities, Steroid, COVID, Infection

[1]. Velavan TP, Meyer CG. The COVID‐19 epidemic. Tropical medicine & international health. 2020 Mar;25(3):278.
[2]. Zhou P, Yang X, Wang X, Hu B, Zhang L, Zhang W, Si H, Zhu Y, Li B, Huang C, Chen H. 295 Luo Y. Guo H, Jiang R, Liu M, Chen Y, Shen X, Wang X, Zheng X, Zhao K, Chen Q, Deng F, Liu L.;296:270-3.
[3]. Werthman-Ehrenreich A. Mucormycosis with orbital compartment syndrome in a patient with COVID-19. The American journal of emergency medicine. 2021 Apr 1;42:264-e5.
[4]. Suvvari TK, Kutikuppala LS, Tsagkaris C, Corriero AC, Kandi V. Post‐COVID‐19 complications: Multisystemic approach. Journal of Medical Virology. 2021 Jul 21.
[5]. Covid-19 (coronavirus): Long-term effects [Internet]. Mayo Clinic. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; 2021 [cited 2021Dec19]. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/in-depth/coronavirus-long-term-effects/art-20490351.

Abstract: Introduction:Women worldwide suffer from gynecological and obstetric disorders that require hysterectomy as a treatment option.1 Hysterectomy means surgical removal of the uterus is the second most frequently performed major surgical procedure in females worldwide next to caesarean section.2The present observational study was conducted to study and analyse the various indications of hysterectomy, spectrum of histopathological changes encountered in hysterectomy specimen and to study correlation between preoperative diagnosis and histopathologic findings.....

Key Word: Hysterectomy, medical audit, histopathology.

[1]. Qamar-Ur-Nisa, Habibullah, Shaikh TA, Hemlata, Memon F, Memon Z. Hystrectomies; An audit at a tertiary care hospital. Professional Med J. 2011 Mar; 18(1):46–50.
[2]. J. M. Wu, M. E. Wechter, E. J. Geller, T. V. Nguyen, and A. G. Visco, "Hysterectomy rates in the United States, 2003," Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. 2007; 110, no. 5, pp. 1091–1095.
[3]. Nausheen .F,Iqbal. J, F. A Bhatti, A. T. Khan, S. Sheikh .Hysterectomy: the patient's perspective. Annals of Gynecology.2004;10:339-341
4]. Yusuf M, Abba Z, Takai UI. Hysterectomy at AminuKanoTeaching hospitals Kano, Nigeria: A 2 year review.Ibom Medical Journal 2018:11(2):91-8.
[5]. Pandey D, Sehgal K, Saxena A, Hebbar S. An audit of indications, complications, and justifications of hysterectomies at a teaching hospital in India. International Journal of Reproductive Medicine 2014:1-6..

Abstract: In the modern world, diabetes mellitus (DM) has become a global health problem.' World Health Organization (WHO) defines diabetes mellitus (DM) as a chronic, metabolic disease characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose (or blood sugar), which leads to damage to the hea8, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves. Four hundred twenty-two million people suffering from it, and its incidence is rapidly rising in the middle- and low-income countries. There is a globally aimed to halt the rise in diabetes by 2025. The hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance in diabetes causes endothelial and pericyte injury, making it a prothrombotic state......

[1]. Beckrnan JA, Creager MA,Libby P. Diabetes and atherDsclerDsis. epidemiology, pathDphysiology, and management. JAMA
2002;2B7:2570S1.
[2]. World Health Organization (WHO) Diabetes - WHO Fact sheet Updated o0 October 2018 ilVallable at: https://u'ww .whO. lRt/RCws-room/fact-shects/detail/diabetes.
[3]. Ferroni P, Basili S, FIIICD A, Davi G. Platelet activation in type 2 diabetes mellitus. 7 Thronih Hcieittost 2004;2: 1282—91.
[4]. Chu SG, Becker RC, Berger PB, Bhatt DL, EikelbDDIR JW,Konkle B. et al. Mean platelet vDluine as a predictDr Df cardiovascular risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JSJ Through Hnento. t 20l0;8(1): l4B-56.
[5]. Endler G, Klimesch A, Sunder-Plassmann H, Schillinger M,Exner M, Mannhalter C. et al. Mean platelet volume is an independent risk factDr fDr myocardial infarctiDn but not for coronary artery disease. Br I Haeniatol 2002; l 17:399—404..

Abstract: Aim: To assess the quality of life of students in schools for the blind, south-east Nigeria. METHODS: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study of 146 randomly selected students out of a total of 215 in three schools for the blind carried out from February to March, 2019. An interviewer-administered, vision-specific quality of life (QOL) questionnaire was administered to the participants, after obtaining their socio-demographic and clinical profiles. Data was analyzed using statistical package for the social science version 20.0.Using the Time Trade Off method, a utility score for each domain of the questionnaire was estimated. Chi square was used to establish the association of QOL with socio-demographic characteristics and pattern of vision. The level of significance was at p< 0.05.......

Key words: quality of life, school for the blind

[1]. World Health Organization. Global Data on Visual Impairment 2010 p. 1–14. Available from: http://www.who.int/blindness/GLOBALDATAFINALforweb.pdf?ua=1 [Accessed 2nd February, 2019].
[2]. The Nigeria National Blindness and Visual Impairment Survey. 2005-2007, p.14. www.pbunion.org/countriessurveyresults/Nigeria. [Accessed 2nd February, 2019].
[3]. World Health Organization ; WHOQOL; Measuring quality of life. Avaialable at WHOQOL - Measuring Quality of Life| The World Health Organization (date accessed: 2nd february, 2019).
[4]. SN Onwubiko, BI Eze, NN Udeh, NN Okoloagu, CM Chuka-Okosa. Knowledge and Attitudes towards Eye Diseases in a Rural South-eastern Nigerian Population. Journal of health care for the poor and underserved 2014; 26 (1): 199- 210
[5]. Köberlein J, Beifus K, Schaffert C, Finger RP. The economic burden of visual impairment and blindness: a systematic review; BMJ Open. 2013; 3(11):e003471;www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24202057. [accessed 27 february, 2019]

Abstract: Introduction: Urinary tract infection is the second most common cause of community acquired infection and main cause for nosocomial infection in the elderly. In contrast to E. coli which is the commonest cause of urinary tract infection in the general population, Gram Negative Bacilli like Pseudomonas and Enterococcus often are isolated in the elderly patients with UTI.......

Key words: Urinary tract infection (UTI), Elderly, Microorganisms, Antimicrobial Sensitivity

[1]. Thomas T. Antimicrobial Resistance and Aging: Beginning of the End of the Antibiotic Era? American Geriatrics Society 2002
[2]. Romano JM Kaye D: UTI in the elderly: Common yet Atypical. Geriatrics. 1981 Jun; 36:113-120
[3]. Borrie MJ, Campbell K, Areese ZA, Bray J. Hart P, Labate T, et al. Urinary retention in patients in a geriatric rehabilitation unite: prevalence, risk factors and validity of bladder scan evaluation. Rehabil Nurs 2001;26:187-91
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[5]. Salem MM, Muharram M, Alhosiny IM. Distribution of classes 1 and 2 Integrons among Multi Drug Resistant E.coli . Isolated from hospitalized patients with Urinary tract infection in Cairo, Egypt.Australian Journal of Basic and Applied sciences . 2010 ISSN 1991-8178; 4(3): 398-407

Abstract: Tuberculosis is still a major public health problem in India. Lack of knowledge about the cause, risk factors, treatment and prevention of pulmonary TB is a major challenge to be addressed to reduce disease transmission. This study was planned with the objective of determining the Knowledge, Attitude and Beliefs of household contacts of TB about the cause, spread and prevention of tuberculosis in a rural population of Vellore district, Tamil Nādu, Vellore.The aim of the study was to assess knowledge, attitude and beliefs of household contacts of TB about the cause, spread and prevention of tuberculosis.......

[1]. Luba TR, Tang S, Liu Q, knowledge, attitude, and associated factors towards tuberculosis in Lesotho: a population-based study. BMC Infect Dis. 2019 Jan 29;19(1):96. doi: 10.1186/s12879-019-3688-x.PMID: 30696417. [2]. Tolossa D, Medhin G, community knowledge, attitude, and practices towards tuberculosis in Shinile town, Somali regional state, eastern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2014 Aug 7;14:804. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-804.PMID: 25099209 . [3]. Shetty N, Shemko M, Abbas A.Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding tuberculosis among immigrants of Somalian ethnic origin in London; a cross sectional study. Commun Dis Public Health. 2004 Mar;7(1):77-82.PMID: 15137287 [4]. Balogun MR, Sekoni AO,Predictor of tuberculosis knowledge, attitudes and practices in urban slums in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study.Afr.Med J. 2019 Feb 4;32:60. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2019.32.60.14622. eCollection 2019.PMID: 31223352 .

Abstract: Helminth infections are an important public health problem in tropical and underdeveloped countries. Infected individuals might remain asymptomatic for years as the adult worms do not cause any disturbance apart from vague abdominal discomfort , indigestion or alternating diarrhea and constipation. It is the larval stage that can cause serious trouble. Intestinal infection with Taenia solium occurs only in persons eating undercooked pork and so is related to food habits. It should be on the list of differential diagnosis of intestinal perforation in the intestinal tracts of the individuals with poor hygiene and inhabitants in the rural areas and also who have habit of eating undercooked pork. Past medical history and accurate parasitological tests can play a role for the early diagnosis of small bowel obstruction. Taenia solium remains an uncommon cause of small bowel perforation and peritonitis but an important one given the high mortality associated with it.

[1]. D.W.T. Crompton, How much human helminthiasis is there in the world? J. Parasitol. 85 (1999) 397–403.
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[3]. C.K. Jayaram Paniker Cestodes Tapeworms, Taenia Solium, Textbook of Medical Parasitology Sixth edition, (2011) 147-150.
[4]. M. Demiriz, O. Günhan, B. Celasun, et al., Colonic perforation caused by taeniasis, Trop. Geogr. Med. 47 (1994) 180–182.
[5]. S. Jongwutiwes, C. Putaporntip, N. Chantachum, et al., Jejunal perforation caused by morphologically abnormal Taenia infection, J. Infect. 49 (2004) 324–328.

Abstract: Background Dengue fever is a major public health issue and its incidence has grown over decades. Children are at risk of developing severe disease and complications. Early prediction of this complication is crucial for timely management and favourable outcome. This study is intended to identify clinical, biochemical, and laboratory predictors of severe dengue in children admitted in a tertiary care hospital.......

Key words: Severe dengue, haematological profile, biochemical profile, scoring system

[1]. National Guidelines for Clinical management of Dengue Fever.
[2]. SudhagarHegde et al. 2021. A study on clinical profile of severe dengue fever in children. Eur Journal of Mol&Clin Med 8(4);1227-31.
[3]. PongpanSurangrat (2013). Prognostic indicators of dengue infection severity. Int J ClinPediatr 2013;2(1):12-18.
[4]. Sivathanu S et al. (2017). To study the clinical profile and to evolve a prognostic markerbased on hematological parameters for severe dengue. Int J ContempPediatr. 2017;4(2):538-542.
[5]. Gopalakrishnan S et al. (2015). Correlation of clinical, serological,and radiologicalfeatures of severe dengue fever. Sch J App MedSci. 2015;3:1397-1399.

Abstract: Background: Ectopiceruptionis a disorder in which the teetherupt in an incorrect position and do not follow their normal course. Theetiology can bemultifactorial, however, it can presents for unknownreasons. Among the alterationsthatit canproduceis dental crowdingthat can cause dental malpositions that have repercussions in occlusal stability. Case Report :The case of the present article dealswith the treatment of a patient withectopicmaxillary second premolars, as well as the orthodontic management for the correction of the malocclusion. The procedureconsisted of two phases, with MBT slot 0.018" appliances and extractions of maxillary second premolars.......

Key Word: Ectopic, ectopic eruption, class II, migration.

[1]. Rodriguez L. Tratamiento odontológico de dientes ectópicos. Revista europea de odontoestomatología. 2015.
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[3]. Fux-Noy A. Distal migration and ectopic eruption of the mandibular first premolar: Case report. The journal of clinical pediatric dentistry. 2020;44;127-129.
[4]. Ismail M, Lauridsen E, Andreasen J, Hermann N. Ectopic eruption of the second premolar: An analysis of four different treatment approaches. European Archives of pediatric dentistry.2019;
[5]. Bondermark L, Tsiopa J. Prevalence of ectopic eruption, impaction, retention and agenesis of the permanent second molar. Angle orthodontist. 2007;(77):773-778.