iosr-JDMS   Volume-22 ~ Issue-11 ~ November 2023

Abstract: Oral health plays a significant role in the overall well-being of humans. According to the latest WHO study, oral diseases are the most commonly existing diseases in society, which cause discomfort, pain, loss of teeth, and even death in a few cases. Dental diseases are classified as dental caries, periodontal diseases, gingivitis, plaque, dental pain. Essential oils obtained from Clove, lavender, cinnamon, eucalyptus, lemon, tea tree, coconut, spearmint has been reported to possess significant therapeutic efficacy in dental diseases. Essential oils are frequently used for the treatment of oral diseases because of their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties.

[1]. Palombo EA. Traditional Medicinal Plant Extracts And Natural Products With Activity Against Oral Bacteria: Potential Application In The Prevention And Treatment Of Oral Diseases. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2011. 2011 680354. [PMC Free Article] [Pubmed] [Google Scholar] [2]. Kalemba D, Kunicka A. Antibacterial And Antifungal Properties Of Essential Oils. Curr Med Chem. 2003;10:813–29. [Pubmed] [Google Scholar] [3]. Thosar N, Basak S, Bahadure RN, Rajurkar M. Antimicrobial Efficacy Of Five Essential Oils Against Oral Pathogens: An In Vitro Study. Eur J Dent. 2013;7(Suppl 1):S71–7. [PMC Free Article] [Pubmed] [Google Scholar] [4]. Namrata Dagli, Rushabh Dagli, Rasha Said Mahmoud, And Kusai Baroudi Essential Oils, Their Therapeutic Properties, And Implication In Dentistry: A Review Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2015 Sep-Oct; 5(5): 335–340. [5]. Kim S, Kim HJ, Yeo JS, Hong SJ, Lee JM, Jeon Y. The Effect Of Lavender Oil On Stress, Bispectral Index Values, And Needle Insertion Pain In Volunteers. J Altern Complement Med. 2011;17:823–6. [Pubmed] [Google Scholar]

Abstract: The sciatic nerve originates from the pelvic region, passes below the piriformis intact, and goes down to divide at the apex of the popliteal fossa to form the tibial and common peroneal nerve. It innervates the posterior aspect of the thigh, the knee joint, the leg, and the foot. It carries both motor and sensory nerve fibers. Variations of sciatic nerve can occur at the point of origin either intact or bifurcated, in relation to the piriformis muscles, at the level of its division, and the relations of tibial components and common perineal nerve. This study focused on determining the variations at the origin of the sciatic nerve and comparing them on the left and the right side of the lower limbs as it exits the pelvic region.........

Key Word: sciatic nerve, laterality, Variations.

[1]. Standring S. A Brief History Of Topographical Anatomy. Journal Of Anatomy. 2016;229(1):32-62.
[2]. Koh E, Webster D, Boyle J. Case Report And Review Of The Potential Role Of The Type A Piriformis Muscle In Dynamic Sciatic Nerve Entrapment Variant Of Piriformis Syndrome. Surgical And Radiologic Anatomy : SRA. 2020;42(10):1237-42.
[3]. Pickles K, Ivanusic JJ, Xiao J, Durward C, Ryan AB, Hayes JA. Peer Tutoring For Anatomy Workshops In Cambodia. Anatomical Sciences Education. 2019;12(1):82-9.
[4]. Ueshima H, Otake H. Below-Knee Amputation Following The Pectineus Muscle Plane Block And Sciatic Nerve Block. Journal Of Clinical Anesthesia. 2020;61:109684.
[5]. Kim HW, Won CH, Oh SB. Lack Of Correlation Between Spinal Microgliosis And Long-Term Development Of Tactile Hypersensitivity In Two Different Sciatic Nerve Crush Injury. Molecular Pain. 2021;17:17448069211011326.

Abstract: Background: Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, with a significant burden in low and middle-income countries like Bangladesh. This study aims to elucidate the clinical characteristics, ECG findings, and comorbidity profiles of ACS patients at a tertiary level hospital in Bangladesh, providing insights into demographic distribution, risk factors, and electrocardiographic patterns. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of one year, encompassing 42 patients
diagnosed with ACS. Data were collected on demographic characteristics, presenting symptoms, risk factors, comorbidities,........

Key words: Echocardiogram, Acute Coronary Syndrome, Stable Angina, Unstable Angina, Cardiovascular

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[4]. Islam AKMM, Majumder AAS. Coronary Artery Disease In Bangladesh: A Review. Indian Heart J. 2013 Jul;65(4):424–35.
[5]. Niport NI Of PR And T, Welfare M Of H And F, ICF. Bangladesh Demographic And Health Survey 2017-18. 2020 Oct 1 [Cited 2023 May 25]; Available From: Https://Dhsprogram.Com/Publications/Publication-FR344-DHS-Final-Reports.Cfm

Abstract: Axenfeld Rieger syndrome is a rare developmental disorder which is usually bilateral with frequent systemic involvement. An atypical case with late prentation and unilateral features of Axenfeld Rieger Syndrome i.e. posterior embryotoxon, peripheral anterior synechiae of 1-2 clock hours and corectopia in the direction of the synechiae without glaucoma or systemic involvement is presented here.

Key words: Axenfeld Rieger Syndrome, posterior embryotoxon, corectopia, unilateral ARS

[1]. Idrees F, Vaideanu D, Fraser SG, Et Al. A Review Of Anterior Segment Dysgeneses. Surv Ophthalmol. 2006;51:213–31.
[2]. Hjalt TA, Semina EV. Current Molecular Understanding Of Axenfeld–Rieger Syndrome. Expert Rev Mol Med 2005;7:1–17.
[3]. Michels K, Bohnsack BL. Ophthalmological Manifestations Of Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome: Current Perspectives. Clin Ophthalmol. 2023 Mar 10;17:819-828.
[4]. Shields MB. Axenfeld−Rieger Syndrome: A Theory Of Mechanism And Distinctions From The Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome.Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1983;81:736–784.
[5]. Allingam RR, Damji KF, Freedman S, Moroi SE, Rhee DJ, Editors. Classification Of Glaucomas. Shield's Textbook Of Glaucoma. Sixth Edition. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health; 2012. P.168

Abstract: AIMS: To evaluate the role of High Resolution Computed Tomography in identifying pathological changes in Temporal Bone in Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media squamosal type and their clinical/intraoperative correlation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study conducted for one year in 30 patients showing symptoms and signs of unsafe CSOM. Detailed history and clinical ENT examination was done. HRCT Temporal Bone was exposed and the findings were carefully observed and evaluated using a checklist. Appropriate surgery was performed. Intraoperative findings were compared with radiological findings.........

Key words: High Resolution Computed Tomography, Temporal Bone, Atticoantral disease

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[3]. World Health Organization. Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media; Burden Of Illness And Management Options. World Health Organization; 2004.
[4]. Campion T, Taranath A, Pinelli L, Ugga L, Nash R, Talenti G, Et Al. Imaging Of Temporal Bone Inflammations In Children: A Pictorial Review. Neuroradiology. 2019 Sep;61(9):959–70.
[5]. George M, Alexander A, Mathew J, Iyer A, Waterval J, Simon C, Et Al. Proposal Of A Timing Strategy For Cholesteatoma Surgery During The COVID-19 Pandemic. Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngol Off J Eur Fed Oto-Rhino-Laryngol Soc EUFOS Affil Ger Soc Oto-Rhino-Laryngol - Head Neck Surg. 2020 Sep;277(9):2619–23.

Abstract: Ovarian dysgerminoma, a rare malignant germ cell tumor with a generally favorable prognosis, predominantly impacts women in their reproductive age. While histopathology remains the gold standard for definitive diagnosis, early detection is facilitated through radiological imaging. Distinguishing clinical as well as imaging features, such as the presentation of a solid lobulated mass with fibrovascular septa, aid in differentiation from other ovarian neoplasms. This report highlights the imaging findings of ovarian dysgerminoma in a 26-year-old nulliparous woman who presented with severe abdominal pain and a decade-long history of secondary amenorrhea.

Key words: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Ovarian tumors, Ovarian dysgerminoma, Radiology

[1]. 1.Taylor EC, Irshaid L, Mathur M. Multimodality Imaging Approach To Ovarian Neoplasms With Pathologic Correlation. Radiographics. 2021 Jan;41(1):289-315. [2]. International Agency For Research On Cancer. Global Cancer Observatory. Https://Gco.Iarc.Fr/Today/Home. Accessed November 16, 2023.

Abstract: BACKGROUND Anaemia as defined by World Health Organization (WHO), American Society of Transplantation & Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcome (KDIGO) criteria is haemoglobin (Hb) ≤12 g/dL for women and ≤ 13g/dL for men1. Prevalence of post transplantation anaemia (PTA) ranges from 20 to 38.6 %.2 Till date there is no data on PTA in the Indian population. This study was aimed at gaining insight in the pattern of normalization of erythropoeitic activity after Renal Transplantation (RTx), detection of prevalence of anaemia & polycythemia during the study period & to investigate any associated risk factors.......

Key words: Post Transplant Anaemia (PTA), Renal Transplantation (RTx)

[1]. Kasiske BL, Vazquez MA, Harmon WE, Brown RS, Danovitch GM, Gaston RS, Roth D, Scandling JD, Singer GG: Recommendations For The Outpatient Surveillance Of Renal Transplant Recipients. American Society Of Transplantation. J Am Society Of Nephrol 2000 Oct;11 Suppl 15:S1-86. PMID: 11044969
[2]. Vanrenterghem Y, Ponticelli C, Morales JM. Prevalence And Management Of Anemia In Renal Transplant Recipients: A European Survey. Am J Transplant. 2003 Jul;3(7):835-45. PMID: 12814475, Https://Doi.Org/10.1034/J.1600-6143.2003.00133.X
[3]. Mann JF: What Are The Short-Term And Long-Term Consequences Of Anaemia In CRF Patients? Nephrol. Dial Transplant 1999, 14(Suppl 2):29–36, Doi: 10.1093/Ndt/14.Suppl_2.29.
[4]. Winkelmayer WC, Chandraker A. Posttransplantation Anemia: Management And Rationale. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2008; 3: S49, Https://Doi.Org/10.2215%2FCJN.03290807
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Http://Www.Ont.Es/Infesp/Memorias/Memoria_ONT_2007,Https://Doi.Org/10.2215%2FCJN.03290807

Abstract: A severe acute respiratory condition called Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is brought on by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Following the discovery of the first case in Wuhan, China, the number of cases quickly grew and spread throughout the entire world [1]. The coronavirus genus and family of zoonotic viruses include beta-coronaviruses (-CoVs). Following the occurrences of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2003 and 2012, respectively, the most recent -CoV, known as SARS-CoV-2, first occurred in December 2019 in Wuhan, China [18]. Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), a severe inflammatory viral disease, has been linked to SARS-CoV-2 [19].

Key words: SARS-CoV-2, autoimmune disease, immune system

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Abstract: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the most important cardiovascular diseases affecting people worldwide. Any species which contains unpaired electrons and is capable of independent existence is called a free radical. When the creation of oxygen- or nitrogen-containing free radicals or reaction products of these two moieties exceeds the antioxidant capacity to scavenge such species, Oxidative and Nitrosative stress occur. An increasing body of research has demonstrated that the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in pathophysiologic settings has a substantial impact on the onset and progression of CAD. P53 is a tumor suppressor protein that plays a role in regulating cell growth and has a well-established role in carcinogenesis.........

Key words: Atherosclerosis; Coronary Artery Disease; Nitrosative stress; Oxidative stress; p53 gene polymorphism

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264 Causes Of Death, 1980–2016: A Systematic Analysis For The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2016. The Lancet, 390(10100), Pp.1151-1210.
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[3]. Ray PD, Huang PW, Tsuji Y. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Homeostasis And Redox Regulation In Cellular Signaling. Cell Signal 2012;24:981-90.
[4]. Tsutsui H, Kinugawa S And Matsushima S. Oxidative Stress And Heart Failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 301: H2181–H2190
[5]. X. Yang, T. He, S. Han Et Al., ―The Role Of Traditional Chinese Medicine In The Regulation Of Xidative Stress In Treating Coronary Heart Disease,‖ Oxidative Medicine And Cellular Longevity, Vol. 2019, Article ID 3231424, 13 Pages, 2019.

Abstract: Introduction Oral Melanosis is commonly seen due to increased melanin deposition,influenced by tobacco usage.Chemical compounds present in Mishri are not only irritants and toxins but are also carcinogenic and may result in Oral Melanosis. Aim This survey was planned with aim to assess the knowledge and awareness about carcinogenicity of Tobacco among female misri users since this habit is commonly seen in slum areas. Materials and Methods A survey was carried out among female mishri users in Urban Slums of Pune.Participants were examined with demographic data, questionnaire and personal history regarding tobacco habits.The collected data were subjected to comprehensive statistical analysis using SPSS version 22........

Keywords: Oral Melanosis,Tobacco,Mishri, Pigmentation,Slums

[1]. C. Sreeja, K, Ramakrishnan, D. Vijayalakshmi, M. Devi, I. Aesha, & B.Vijayabanu. (2015, Aug 7th). Oral Pigmentation: A Review. Journal Of Pharmacy And Bioallied.
[2]. Choudhary, A., Kesarwani, P., Chakrabarty, S., Yadav, V. K., & Srivastava, P. (2022, August 30th). Prevalence Of Tobacco Associated Oral Mucosal Lesion In Hazaribagh Population : A Cross- Sectional Study. Incidence Of Tobacco-Associated Lesion.
[3]. Cicek, Y., & Ertas, U. (2003, August 15). The Normal And Pathological Pigmentation Of Oral Mucous Membrane- Review. The Journal Of Contemporary Dental Practice, 4.
[4]. Eric T, S., & Alawi, F. (2017). Pigmented Lesion Of The Oral Mucosa. An Update . Dent Clin N Am. , 699-710.
[5]. Garg, A., Maheswari, R., & Urs, A. B. (2021, Nov). Association Of Oral Melanosis With Soft Tissue Pathologies - A Hospital Based Observational Study. Journal Of Clinical And Diagnostic Research, 15 ( 11 ) Ec 15- Ec 18.

Abstract: Background: The thyroid hormones are not essential for maintenance of vital functions of life, their deficiency causes severe deficit in mental and physical growth and extreme decrease in body metabolism. Although hypothyroidism affects almost all systems of the body, these patients often have symptoms and signs of neurological dysfunction. The motor neural dysfunction may be linked to the various functional and structural changes in peripheral nerves associated with deficiency of thyroid hormones........

Keywords:Thyroid hormones, Hypothyroidism, Neurological dysfunction, Motor nerve. Corresponding Author: Dr. Md. Towfiqul Islam, Department of Neurology, Sir Salimullah Medical College Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

[1].
Barrett, K.E., Barman, S.M., Yuan, J. and Brooks, H.L., 2019. The Thyroid Gland. In: Ganong's review of medical physiology. 26th edition.McGraw Hill.pp.826-853.
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[4] Taksande AB, Jagzape AT, Deshpande VK. Study of motor nerve conduction velocity in patients of thyroid dysfunction in central India. Journal of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences University. 2017 Oct 1;12(4):229-33.
[5] Garg R, Bansal N, Singh N, Maria AK, Arora KS. Research Article Nerve Conduction Studies in Newly diagnosed cases of Hypothyroidism..

Abstract: BACKGROUND Background: Bronchiectasis is a progressive and chronic disease which requires long-term and multimodal intervention. Chest physiotherapy is an essential clearance tool airway clearance tool for bronchiectasis patients, which is recommended in all the existing guidelines. The present study explored the existing knowledge and attitude of post-graduate trainee doctors regarding chest physiotherapy in bronchiectasis. Objectives: The aim of the study is to evaluate a qualitative exploration of knowledge and attitude towards chest physiotherapy in bronchiectasis among........

Keywords: Bronchiectasis, Chronic disease, Physiotherapy

[1]. Martínez-García MA, Soler-Cataluña JJ, Perpiñá-Tordera M, Román-Sánchez P, Soriano J. Factors associated with lung function decline in adult patients with stable non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. Chest. 2007 Nov 1;132(5):1565-72.
[2]. Alzeer AH, Al-Mobeirek AF, Al-Otair HA, Elzamzamy UA, Joherjy IA, Shaffi AS. Right and left ventricular function and pulmonary artery pressure in patients with bronchiectasis. Chest. 2008 Feb 1;133(2):468-73.
[3]. King PT, Holdsworth SR, Freezer NJ, Villanueva E, Gallagher M, Holmes PW. Outcome in adult bronchiectasis. COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. 2005 Jan 1;2(1):27-34.
[4]. Tsang KW, Tipoe GL. Bronchiectasis: not an orphan disease in the East [State of the Art]. The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2004 Jun 1;8(6):691-702.
[5]. Cohen M, Sahn SA. Bronchiectasis in systemic diseases. Chest. 1999 Oct 1;116(4):1063-74.

Abstract: Background: Spinal anaesthesia is widely used in surgery of lower extrernity, caesarean secion, surgery of the lower abdomen or surgery below the diaphragm where spinal anaesthesia is indicated. Objective: To assess and compare the cardiovascular effects and duration of analgesia using bupivacaine and levobupivacaine in spinal anesthesia with or without fentanyl.........

Keywords: Spinal anaesthesia, Bupivacaine, Levobupivacaine, Fentanyl

[ Morrison SG, Dominguez JJ, Frascarolo P, Reiz S. A comparison of the electrocardiographic cardiotoxic effects of racemic bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, and ropivacaine in anesthetized swine. Anesthesia & Analgesia. 2000 Jun 1;90(6):1308-14.
[2] Gristwood RW. Cardiac and CNS toxicity of levobupivacaine: strength of evidence for advantage over bupivacaine. Drug Safety. 2002 Mar; 25:153-63.
[3].
Ivani G, Borgi B, Van Oven H: Levobupivacain, Mineva Anesthesiole 2001;67:20-3.
[4] McLeod GA, Burke D. Levobupivacaine. Anaesthesia. 2001 Apr;56(4):331-41.
[5] Santos AC, DeArmas PI. Systemic toxicity of levobupivacaine, bupivacaine, and ropivacaine during continuous intravenous infusion to nonpregnant and pregnant ewes. The Journal of the American Society of Anesthesiologists. 2001 Nov 1;95(5):1256-64

Abstract: Background: Cesarean delivery is defined as the delivery of a fetus after the end of 28h week through surgical incisions made through the abdominal and the uterine wall. Cesarean deliveries were initially performed to separate the mother and the fetus in an attempt to save the fetus of a moribund patient. Caesarean birth is common and emergency procedures are often required with little advance warning. The emergency response category sits within a clinical urgency category system which covers all degrees of urgency of CS. The emergency category is broad, as it may include procedures done within minutes to save the life of a woman or baby as well as those in which woman........

Keywords: Cesarean delivery, Moribund patient, Abdominal and Uterine wall

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