iosr-JEEE   Volume-9 ~ Issue-2 ~ March-April 2014

Abstract: The unit commitment problem is proposed to be solved by the Artificial Neural Network and fuzzy systems in smart grid using distributed energy storage systems. The main objective of short term load forecasting is to provide load predictions for generation scheduling, economic load dispatch and security assessment at any time. With the increased attraction of medium and smaller scale systems the expansion of the integration of intermittent renewable resources in smart grids. The effectiveness of the economic dispatch is well under stood where the objective is to schedule the committed generators to meet the load. This paper is intended to offer a tool for analyzing potential advantages of distributed energy storages in Smart Grids with reference to both different possible renewable resources at the distributed energy environment. The objective of this paper is to commit the units with the AI techniques back propagation neural network and Fuzzy logic without violating the constraints and to compare the results in order to find the best suitable method.

Index Terms: Unit commitment, Smart grids, Distributed energy storage, network, Artificial Neural Network and Fuzzy System .

[1] Chandrasekarana.K,S. Hemamalinib,Sishaj P. Simona, Narayana Prasad Padhyc a National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli,
India,b VIT University, Chennai, India c. Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India on Thermal unit commitment using
binary/real coded artificial bee colony algorithm.
[2] ChenthurPandiyan.S and Dr.K.Duriswamy ,"Fuzzy Logic Implementation for solving the unit commitment problems",2004
International Conference on Power Systems Technology",POWERCON 2004 Singapore,21-24 November 2004.
[3] Chung-Ching Su and Yuan-Yih Hsu,"Fuzzy "Dynamic Programming: An Application to Unit Commitment "Transactions on power
systems, Vol-6, No.3, August 1991.
[4] Chung-Li Tseng, Shmuel S. Oren,Department of IEOR, UC Berkeley,
Berkeley,CA720,USA,tseng@ieor.berkeley.edu,shmuel@euler.berkeley.edu Carol S. Cheng, Chao-an Li, Alva J. Svoboda,on A
Transmission-Constrained Unit Commitment Method.

Abstract: In this paper, a low-cost high-performance Induction Motor (IM) drive using Direct Torque Control (DTC) is obtained by simple algorithm using reconstruction of phase current. By using the details acquired from one shunt resistor this algorithm is developed. The proposed algorithm is very simple and robust. Stator currents were used to estimate motor flux and torque in previous works. In this algorithm the stator currents are replaced by dc current. A theoretical concept is developed for DTC based induction motor drive. The performance is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.

Index Terms: Direct Torque Control (DTC), Induction Motor (IM), sensor count reduction, single current sensor.

[1] I. Takahashi and T. Noguchi, "A new quick response and high-efficiencycontrol strategy of an induction motor," IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. IA- 22, no. 5, Sep./Oct. 1986.
[2] S. A. Zaid, O. A. Mahgoub, and K. El-Metwally, "Implementation of a new fast direct torque control algorithm for induction motor drives," IET Electr. Power Appl., vol. 4, no. 5, May 2010.
[3] C. Patel, R. P. P. A. Day, A. Dey, R. Ramchand, K. K. Gopakumar, and M. P. Kazmierkowski, "Fast direct torque control of an open-end induction motor drive using 12-sided polygonal voltage space vectors," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 27, no. 1, Jan. 2012.
[4] Y. Zhang and J. Zhu, "Direct torque control of permanent magnet synchronous motor with reduced torque ripple and commutation frequency,"IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 235–248, Jan. 2011.
[5] Y. Zhang and J. Zhu, "A novel duty cycle control strategy to reduce both torque and flux ripples for DTC of permanent magnet synchronous motor drives with switching frequency reduction," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 26, no. 10, pp. 3055–3067, Oct. 2011.

Abstract: High voltage insulators play a very important role in the transmission of power from generation to the consumer end, and in protecting the supporting towers from the high voltage lines as well as it also prevents the flashover due to the sudden rise of voltage and due to other causal factors. In this paper we have analyzed the effects of pollution on the insulator on the critical flashover voltage. Particularly, we have achieved our result by energy analysis of the insulator and the line supplying the energy. Some modification as per the requirement is done from the account of the value of constants such as 'A' the arc constant 'n' the arc index and 'K' a constant multiplied before 'Rp' the resistance of the polluted layer. Overall a new equation of flashover voltage is achieved which differs from the model [1] by some factor i.e., constant.

Keywords: Flashover voltage, Arc constant, Arc index, ESDD (equivalent salt deposition density)

[1] Polluted Insulator Flashover Model for ac Voltage P. S. Ghosh and N. Chatterjee, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Vol. 2 No. 1, February 1995.
[2] Dielectric behaviour of polluted porcelain insulators by F.V.Topalis, I.F.Gonos and I.A.Stathopulos.
[3] Gorur, R. S., & Olsen, R. (2006). Prediction of flashover voltage of insulators using low voltage surface resistance measurement. Power System Engineering Research Center, Final Project Report, Arizona State University.

Abstract: The need for renewable energy sources is on the rise because of the acute energy crisis in the world today. This describes the design, optimization, and evaluation of the power electronics circuitry for a low-power portable thermophotovotaic (TPV) generator system in mat lab. TPV system is based on a silicon micro-reactor design and low-band gap photovoltaic (PV) diodes. We outline critical system-level challenges associated with TPV power generation, and propose a power electronics architecture that addresses these challenges. We present experimental data from a compact, highly efficient peak power tracker and show how the proposed architecture enables increased energy extraction compared to conventional methods. The operation of the power tracker is verified with low-band gap PV cells illuminated by a quartz halogen lamp producing a PV diode output power of 0.5 W, and above 99% tracking efficiency is demonstrated. Additionally, the complete system operation is verified with the power tracker connected to GaInAsSb PV diodes silicon and a micro-reactor, producing 150 mW of electrical power.
Keywords: Photovoltaic, Fuzzy logic control, MPPT, Boost Converter, Neural Network.

[1]. Muhida, R., Park, M., Dakkak, M., Matsuura, K., Tsuy oshi, A., Michira, M., 2003. A maximum power point tracking for photovol-taic-SPE system using a maxi mum current controller. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 75, 697–706. [2]. Atmel, "AVR121: Enhancing ADC resolution by over sampling," application note, 2005. [3]. H. Kolm, "Solar-battery power source," quarterly pro gress report, solid state research, group 35, MIT-Lincoln laboratory, 1956. [4]. T. Esram and P. Chapman, "Comparison of photovolta ic array maximum power point tracking techniques," IEEE Transaction on Energy Conversion, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 439–449, 2007.
[5]. Hua, C., Lin, J., 2003. An on-line MPPT algorithm for rapidly changing illuminations of solar arrays. Journal of Renewable Energy.

Abstract: This paper presents and discusses development of emotion specific in Marathi Speech. The emotions are classified into four categories i.e anger, happinesss, sadness, surprise. There are different methods of speech synthesis are discussed, e.g.LMM, CART, GMM. Sentences of different and same words in all emotion are recorded by students of drama club. Prosody related features and spectral related features were analyzed to synthesize neutral speech. 17 mel cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) were studied as prosody related featurs consisted of vocal tract frequency (f1), speech energy, duration.It is seen that value of all prosodic parameter have highest value for anger speech and lowest value for neutral speech.
Keywords: Emotional speech, prosody analysis, speech synthesis,GMM,LMM,TTS.

[1] N. Campbell, ―Perception of affect in speech—Toward an automatic processingof paralinguistic information in spoken conversation,‖ in Proc. ICSLP, Jeju, Korea, Oct. 2004, pp. 881–884.
[2] A. Ortony, G. L. Clore, and A. Collins, The Cognitive Structure of Emotions.Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1988.
[3] J. P. H. van Santen, R. W. Sproat, J. P. Olive, and J. Hirschberg, Eds.,Progress in Speech Synthesis. New York: Springer, 1997.
[4] J. Tao, ―Emotion control of Chinese speech synthesis in natural environment,‖in Proc. Eurospeech, 2003, pp. 2349–2352.
[5] Y. Xu and Q. E. Wang, ―Pitch targets and their realization: Evidence from mandarin chinese,‖ Speech Commun., vol. 33, pp. 319–337, 2001.

Abstract: Now a day's worldwide energy problem is one of the great problems. Wind energy, a renewable and environmental friendly, is an important source of electrical power in recent years. As wind turbine output is proportional to the cube of wind speed, the wind turbine generator output fluctuates due to wind speed variations and highly variable at several different timescales from hour to hour, daily, and seasonally, can have an influence on the power system frequency. This paper investigates the influence of the ratio of the wind generator capacity to the power system capacity, on the power system frequency. To do this, impacts of thermal and hydro governor control system models are presented to show the performance of single synchronous generator. This study will be helpful for taking preventive measures for the power grid companies to improve the stability and quality of electric power. Simulation analyses have been carried out to investigate the performance of the power system frequency with the increased wind power penetration using real wind speed data. The wind speed data used in the analysis is the real data, which is measured in Hokkaido Island, Japan. The simulation analyses have been performed by using PSCAD/EMTDC.

Keywords: Renewable energy, Wind data, Fluctuations, PSCAD.

[1] Samuelsson Olof., "On Speed Stability", IEEE Transactions on Power Systems" Vol.20, pp.1179-1180, 2005.
[2] Wind and Solar Power Systems Mukund R. Patel, U.S. Merchant Marine Academy, Kings Point, New York, CRC Press Boca Raton London, New York.
[3] S.M. Muyeen, "Stability Augmentation of Grid Connected Wind Farm" Ph.D Thesis, March 2008.
[4] Slootweg JG, Polinder H, and Kling WL, "Representing Wind Turbine Electrical Generating Systems in Fundamental Frequency Simulations". IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol.18. pp. 516-524, 2003.
[5] Kundur P., "Power System Stability and Control". New York: McGraw Hill; 1994.
[6] M. Yagami, S. Shibata, T. Murata, and J. Tamura, "An Analysis of Superconducting Fault Current Limiter for Stabilization of Synchronous Generator in Multimachine System: A Two-Machine Infinite Bus System", IEEJ Transaction on Power and Energy, Vol. 123, no. 2, pp.133-142, 2003. 2001.

Abstract: As there is still a great argument on islanding detection methods, this paper presents a new smart passive graphical islanding detection method. The new method depends on measuring the instantaneous variation in phase voltage angle (θ) related to the instantaneous variation in phase voltage magnitude (V) and drawing the relationship between them. The traditional passive methods have performance deficiencies. On the other hand, the active methods are more accurate islanding detection methods, but perturb the electrical system.

1] Wei Yee Teoh, and Chee Wei Tan, "An Overview of Islanding Detection Methods in Photovoltaic Systems", World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, WASET, Vol. 58, pp. 577-585, 2011.
[2] A. Etxegarai, P. Eguía, and I. Zamora, "Analysis of Remote Islanding Detection Methods for Distributed Resources", Proceeding of International Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality, ICREPQ' 11, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, 13th - 15th April, 2011.
[3] Chandra Shekhar Chandrakar, Bharti Dewani, and Deepali Chandrakar, "An Assessment of Distributed Generation Islanding Detection Methods", International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology, IJAET, Vol. 5, Issue 1, pp. 218-226, November, 2012.
[4] Asish Ranjan, S. Prabhakar Karthikeyan, et. al, "Impact of Reactive Power in Power Evacuation from Wind Turbines", Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis & Applications, Issue No. 1, pp. 15-23, 2009. (Published online March 2009 in SciRes, internet website: www.SciRP.org/journal/jemaa).

Abstract: Voice recognition applications are becoming more useful nowadays. With growth in the needs for embedded computing and the demand for emerging embedded platforms, it is required that voice recognition systems are available but voice recognition software being closed source cannot be used easily for implementation of voice recognition based devices. To implement the approach on a real-time application, an ARM 9 device interface is to be designed to control the applications on Linux platform, it being an open source using Qtopia software.

Keywords: Qtopia, voice recognition, lexical decoding, phenomes

[1] Implementation of a voice communication based ARM9 device Author : Istvan I. Papp, Member, IEEE, Zoran M. Šarić, Nikola Dj. Teslić, Member, IEEE Year of publication: IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol. 57, No. 2, May 2011
[2] A HYBRID METHOD FOR AUTOMATIC SPEECH RECOGNITION PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT IN REAL WORLD NOISY ENVIRONMENT Author : Urmila Shrawankar and Vilas ThakareDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, G H Raisoni College of Engineering, Nagpur, India Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SGB Amravati University, Amravati, India Year of publication: Journal of Computer Science, 2013 publication
[3] Speech in Mobile and Pervasive Environments - By Nitendra Rajput, Amit Anil Nanavati (eBook)
[4] Sphinx-4: A Flexible Open Source Framework for Speech Recognition, Willie Walker, Paul Lamere, Philip Kwok, Bhiksha Raj, Rita Singh, Evandro Gouvea, Peter Wolf, Joe Woelfel
[5] H. Chung and I. Chung, "Memory efficient and fast speech recognition system for low-resource mobile devices," IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 792-796, 2006.
[6] M. JI, S. Kim, H. Kim, and H.-S Yoon, "Text-independent speaker identification using soft channel selection in home robot environment," IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 140-144, 2008.

Abstract: This paper present the mitigation of line current harmonics using control of shunt active power filter (SAPF). The three phase system is connected to nonlinear load which cause harmonics to affect the power system. The control of shunt active power filter is not only compensating harmonics but also compensate reactive power. Voltage source inverter(VSI) at using SAPF reference current control strategies; instantaneous real and reactive power theory (p-q theory), modified synchronous rotating reference frame theory(Modified d-q theory) with PI control and current control method at using hysteresis current control and SPWM controller. The different control technique of SAPF is based on reference current generation and current control method simulated by using MATLAB Simulink. Keywords: shunt active power filter, harmonics, three phase system, voltage source converter, p-q theory, d-q theory, PI control, hysteresis current controller, SPWM controller.

[1] M. Chakravarthy, P. M. Sarma and S. N. Saxena," Comparative Studies of Different Control Strategies for Shunt Active Filter," ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 6, No. 11, pp.27-35, Nov 2011.
[2] Leszek S. Czarnecki," Instantaneous Reactive Power p-q Theory and Power Properties of Three-Phase Systems," IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,Vol. 21, No.1, pp.362-367, Jan. 2006.
[3] VikashAnand and Dr. S. K. Srivastava," Performance Investigation of Shunt Active Power Filter Using Hysteresis Current Control Method,"IJERT, Vol.1, pp.1-8, June 2012.
[4] KanchanChaturvedi, Dr.AmitaMahor, AnuragDhar Dwivedi,"Active Power Filter Techniques for Harmonics Suppression in Non Linear Load, "IJECT, Vol.1, pp.123-127, April 2012.
[5] H.Akagi,"Modern active power filter and traditional passive filter," Bulletin of the technical science, Vol.54, No.3, pp.255-269, 2006.
[6] Y.KusumaLatha, Ch.Saibabu, Y.P.Obulesh, "Control strategy for three phase shunt active power with minimum current,measurement,"IJECE,Vol.1,No.1,pp.31-42,Sep 2011.

Abstract: The operation and security management of deregulated power system with competitive electricity market environment is a typical task to the system operator due to its complexity under uncertainties. In order to enhance security level, unified power flow controller (UPFC) is proposed in this work. Under stressed conditions, the increment in market economic inefficiency is optimized with UPFC device support. The UPFC location and its parameters are controlled to minimize the total generation cost. The case studies are performed on IEEE 14-bus test system and the results validating the proposed approach for social welfare maximization in real time. Keywords :Competitive electricity market, clearing mechanism, unified power flow controller, social welfare

[1] Ashwani Kumara, S.C. Srivastavab, and S.N. Singh, Congestion Management in Competitive Power Market: A Bibliographical Survey, Electric Power Systems Research, Volume 76, Issues 1–3, September 2005, Pages 153–164.
[2] Loi Lei Lai, Power System Restructuring and Deregulation: Trading, Performance & Information Technology (John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2001).
[3] Naresh Acharya, N. Mithulananthan, "Locating series FACTS devices for congestion management in deregulated electricity markets", Electric Power Systems Research 77 (2007) 352–360.
[4] Y. Zhao, M. R. Irving, Y. Song "A cost allocation and pricing method for reactive power services in the new deregulated electricity market environment." In Proc. IEEE transmission and distribution conference, Asia and Pacific, Dalian, China, pp 1–, 2005.

Abstract: The autonomous navigation capabilities of mobile robots is a social and technological issue.Many potential applications add to the importance of human following technology.Some of the applications include museum guide robots and service robots at shopping center.In this paper,we propose the detection and tracking schemes for human legs by the use of a camera.The robust tracking of humans is achieved by exploiting a human walking model.The leg detection and tracking schemes are realized by the combined application of support vector data description algorithm and a wheeled mobile robot.The proposed scheme is successfully verified in real time environments.

Index term: Human following, Human-robot interaction,Leg detection,Mobile robot navigation,SVDD algorithm.

[1] D. Lee and W. Chung, "Discrete status based localization for indoor service robots," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 53, no. 5, pp.
1737–1746,Oct. 2006.
[2] G. Kim and W. Chung, "Tripodal schematic control architecture for integration of multi-functional indoor service robots,"IEEE
Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 1723–1736, Oct. 2006.
[3] W. Chung, C. Rhee, Y. Shim, H. Lee, and S. Park, "Door-opening controlof a service robot using the multifingered robot
hand,"IEEE Trans. Ind.Electron., vol. 56, no. 10, pp. 3941–3950, Oct. 2009.
[4] H. J. Chen and Y. Shirai. Detecting multiple image motions by exploitingtemporal coherence of apparent motion. In In proceedings
of ComputerVision and Pattern Recognition, 1994.
[5] B. Heisele and C. Wohler. Motion-based recognition of pedestrians.pagesVol II: 1325–1330, 1998.
[6] AjoFod, Andrew Howard, and Maja J. Matari´c. A laser-based peopletracker. In IEEE International Conference on Robotics and
Automation,pages 3024–3029, Washington DC, May 2002.

Abstract: In India, many people use Devanagari script for documentation. There has been a significant improvement in the research related to the recognition of printed as well as handwritten Devanagari text in the past few years. Basically Character recognition techniques associate a symbolic identity with the image of a character. Since creating an algorithm with a one hundred percent correct recognition rate is quite probably impossible in our world of noise and different font styles, it is important to design character recognition algorithms with these failures in mind so that when mistakes are inevitably made, they will at least be understandable and predictable to the person working with the program.

[1] Ved Prakash Agnihotri, "Offline Handwritten Devanagari Script Recognition" I.J. Information Technology and Computer Science,
July 2012
[2] Gita Sinha, Mrs. Rajneesh Rani, Prof. Renu Dhir, "Handwritten Devanagari Numeral Recognition Using Zonal Based Feature
Extraction Method and SVM Classifier", : IJARCSSE, June 2012
[3] Yi-Kai Chen, Jhing-Fa Wang, "Segmentation of Single- or Multiple-Touching Handwritten Numeral String Using Background and
Foreground Analysis", IEEE , NOVEMBER 2000
[4] Ashutosh Aggarwal, Mrs.Rajneesh Rani, Prof. Renu Dhir,"Handwritten Devanagari Character Recognition Using Gradient
Features [",IJARCSSE,, May 2012
[5] R. Jayadevan, Satish R. Kolhe, Pradeep M. Patil, and Umapada Pal "Offline Recognition of Devanagari Script: A Survey" , IEEE,
NOVEMBER 2011

Abstract: A Stacked rectangular U shaped slot microstrip patch antenna has been investigated and its performance has been analyzed with the aid of Ansoft HFSS. An additional E shaped conductive plate of comparable dimensions was placed above the patch in order to enhance the bandwidth. A bandwidth of 1.02 GHz for VSWR<2 has been achieved for stacked E shape patch designed to operate in the S-band. The radiation patterns of the proposed antenna are found to be relatively constant throughout the entire band of operation. The antenna proposed can be used for wireless LAN and compact transceivers.

Keywords: Stacked Microstrip Patch Antenna, Ansoft HFSS, Band width

[1] Rushit D Trivedi,Dr. Vedvyas Dwivedi,:" Stacked Microstrip Patch Antenna: Gain and Bandwidth Improvement, Effect of Patch Rotation" IEEE Conf 2012,pp 45-48
[2] Kumar, G., and Ray, K.P.: 'Broadband microstrip antennas' (Artech House, Norwood, MA, 2003)
Chen, W., Lee, K.F., and Lee, R.Q.: 'Input impedance of coaxially fed rectangular microstrip antenna on electrically thick substrate', Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., 1993, 6, (6), pp. 387–390
[3] Rushit D Trivedi,Khagindra K Soo,Rajeev Jyoti."cavity backed slot antenna",IJ-CA-ETS journal,vol 2,pp 23-26,
[4] Nakano, H., and Vichien, K.: 'Dual-frequency square patch antenna with a rectangular notch', Electron. Lett., 1989, 25, (16), pp. 1067–1068